Donor Age and Early Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: Impact on Function Recovery and Arterial Complications

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Method: A total of 518 patients who underwent liver transplantation surgery from January 2021 to January 2024 in our hospital were selected as the study participants. Based on their donor age, the participants were divided into an elderly liver donor group (donor age ≥ 70 years old) of 28 cases and a non-elderly liver donor group (donor age<70 years old) of 490 cases. Liver function indicators such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were assessed in two patient groups at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days following liver transplantation. The incidence of postoperative arterial complications in two groups, including hepatic artery thrombosis and hepatic artery stenosis, was evaluated. Based on the occurrence of hepatic artery complications, the liver transplant patients were categorized into two groups: those with arterial complications and those without complications. Moreover, the relevant clinical data of liver transplant donors and recipients between the two groups were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for arterial complications post-liver transplantation. No significant difference in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), primary disease, donor-recipient blood type incompatibility, cold ischemia time, surgery time, anhepatic phase time, and intraoperative bleeding between the elderly and non-elderly liver donor groups (P > 0.05 ) was noted. AST, ALT, TBIL, and DBIL were higher in the elderly donor liver group than those in the non-elderly donor liver group at postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 (P<0.05). The incidence of hepatic artery complications was 10.71% among the elderly donor liver group, compared to 4.69% in the non-elderly donor liver group, with no significant difference noted between the two groups ( P>0.05 ). The occurrence of arterial complications post-liver transplantation was not associated with the donor’s sex, age, presence of fatty liver, atherosclerosis, or arterial variation ( P>0.05 ). Furthermore, it was unrelated to the sex, age, BMI, primary disease, blood type incompatibility with the donor, cold ischemia time, duration of the surgery, anhepatic phase time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical approach, history of hypertension, or type 2 diabetes ( P>0.05 ). However, the recipient-to- donor mass ratio and hepatic artery blood flow insufficiency were correlated with the occurrence of complications ( P<0.05 ). The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for confounding factors such as recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, and blood type incompatibility, both the recipient-to-donor mass ratio and insufficient hepatic artery blood flow emerged as independent risk factors for arterial complications following liver transplantation ( OR values=1.352, 1.497, P<0.05 ). Conclusion: In conclusion, while elderly liver donors may influence early postoperative liver function recovery in transplant recipients, they do not significantly affect the incidence of arterial complications after transplantation. The recipient-to-donor mass ratio and inadequate hepatic arterial blood flow are identified as independent risk factors for such complications. Donor age Liver transplantation Liver function Arterial complications Risk factors Introduction Liver transplantation is currently the sole direct and effective treatment for various end-stage liver diseases [1] . In recent years, continuous advancements in surgical techniques, organ preservation, immunosuppression, and anti-infective therapies have significantly increased the success rate of liver transplantation, thereby prolonging the survival of recipients [2] . Due to a critical shortage of liver donors in China, marginal donor livers—such as those from older donors, hepatitis B-positive individuals, donors with hypernatremia, and steatotic livers—have been increasingly utilized in clinical practice to address this critical shortage [3] . To further assess the clinical value of liver transplants from older donors, this study evaluated the clinical data of recipients who underwent liver transplantation between January 2021 and January 2024 at the Organ Transplant Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The analysis focused on early postoperative liver function and the incidence of arterial complications among recipients receiving livers from different age groups. Additionally, both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify potential factors that influence the occurrence of postoperative arterial complications. The findings are summarized as follows. Materials and Methods 1.1 General Data A total of 518 patients who underwent liver transplantation at our facility between January 2021 and January 2024 were included in this study. All patients successfully completed the liver transplantation procedure. Among them, 376 were male and 142 were female, with ages ranging from 28 to 75 years (mean age: 47.52 ± 11.46 years) and body mass index (BMI) ranging from 17.9 to 28.3 kg/m² (mean BMI: 22.58 ± 2.67 kg/m²). Based on the donor age, the patients were categorized into two groups: an advanced-age donor liver group (donor age ≥ 70 years, n = 28) and a non-advanced-age donor liver group (donor age < 70 years, n = 490). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval No. QYFYWZLL28863) approved this study. This is a retrospective study, and individual informed consent to participate in this retrospective analysis with routine clinical data was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. 1.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) The donor liver was obtained from a cardiac death donor, and all donors voluntarily provided the liver without any form of compensation; (2) Selection of donor livers adhered to the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Evaluation and Application of Organs Donated after Cardiac Death [ 4 ] ; (3) Recipients were thoroughly assessed preoperatively and had no surgical contraindications, indicating their ability to tolerate the surgical procedure; (4) The study included first-time liver transplant recipients receiving a single liver graft, with procedures performed as either piggyback liver transplantation or classic orthotopic liver transplantation; (5) All recipients received routine postoperative immunosuppressive therapy; (6) Complete medical records were available for review; (7) Participants were aged 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Individuals with previous history of liver transplantation; (2) Recipients of combined multi-organ transplantation; (3) Recipients of split liver transplantation; (4) Presence of malignant tumors in organs other than the liver; (5) Preoperative evidence of extrahepatic metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; (6) Preoperative diagnosis of severe pneumonia; (7) Preoperative severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. 1.3 Method 1.3.1 Data Collection Data were gathered through medical record reviews, outpatient visits, and follow-ups through telephonic conversations. The information collected included donor-related variables (such as sex, age, presence of fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and arterial variations) and recipient-related variables (sex, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient, cold ischemia time, duration of the operation, anhepatic phase duration, intraoperative blood loss, surgical technique, graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), presence of inadequate hepatic artery flow, and history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus). 1.3.2 Liver Function Tests Fasting peripheral venous blood samples (5 mL) were obtained on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 from liver transplant recipients. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were measured using a Hitachi 7600 automated biochemical analyzer (Japan). 1.3.3 Arterial Complications Regular postoperative color Doppler ultrasound examinations of the liver were conducted for all patients. Initially, examinations were conducted twice daily during the first postoperative week; thereafter, the frequency was adjusted based on the patient's recovery status. In cases where abnormal liver function was noted, a focused color Doppler ultrasound examination of the hepatic artery was performed. Hepatic artery stenosis was suspected when the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) revealed abnormalities in resistance and flow velocity. A diagnosis was confirmed if CDFI showed a resistance index (RI) > 0.5, turbulence at the hepatic artery anastomotic site, or a peak systolic velocity > 400 cm/s. Hepatic artery complications, such as hepatic artery thrombosis or stenosis, were identified by the absence of distal hepatic artery flow on CDFI, or via confirmation from computed tomography angiography (CTA) or interventional angiography [ 5 ] . 1.4 Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. Measurement data were presented as mean ± standard deviation ( x̄ ± s ), and comparisons between two groups were made using independent samples t-tests. For repeatedly measured data, repeated measures analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) was utilized, with LSD-t tests for pairwise comparisons. Categorical data were expressed as percentages (%), and differences between groups were evaluated using chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for arterial complications following liver transplantation, with a P-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results 2.1 Comparison of Clinical Data Between the Two Groups of Liver Transplant Recipients As presented in Table 1, no significant differences between the advanced-age donor group and the non-advanced-age donor group were observed in terms of recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility, cold ischemia time, operation time, anhepatic phase duration, or intraoperative blood loss (P > 0.05). Table 1. Comparison of clinical data between the two groups of liver transplant recipients Group n Gender[ n （%）] Age（ ，years） BMI（ ，kg/m 2 ） Primary Disease[ n （%）] Male Female Hepatocellular Carcinoma Non-HCC Advanced-age Donor 28 17（60.71） 11（39.29） 48.04±10.42 22.92±2.36 6（21.43） 22（78.57） Non-advanced-age Donor 490 359（73.27） 131（26.73） 47.49±11.13 22.53±2.59 126（25.71） 364（74.29） χ²/t value 2.097 0.255 0.778 0.256 P value 0.148 0.799 0.437 0.613 Group n ABO Incompatibility[ n （%）] Cold Ischemia Time（ ，min） Operation Time（ ，min） Anhepatic Phase（ ，min） Intraoperative Blood Loss（ ，mL） Advanced-age Donor 28 2（7.14） 402.56±32.45 427.46±86.77 51.31±11.24 2015.19±587.63 Non-advanced-age Donor 490 31（6.33） 396.72±36.17 416.34±95.03 54.52±13.09 1985.26±614.58 χ²/t value 0.030 0.835 0.605 1.271 0.251 P value 0.863 0.404 0.546 0.204 0.802 2.2 Comparison of Early Postoperative Liver Function Indicators Between the Two Groups As presented in Table 2, the levels of AST, ALT, TBIL, and DBIL were significantly higher in the advanced-age donor group compared to the non-advanced-age donor group on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 ( P < 0.05 ). Table 2 Comparison of early postoperative liver function indicators between the two groups（ ） Group Time n AST（U/L） ALT（U/L） TBIL（μmol/L） DBIL（μmol/L） Advanced-age Donor POD1 d 28 1024.57±256.49 * 756.24±145.89 * 95.76±21.93 * 64.22±15.07 * POD3 d 28 402.46±71.61 * 423.31±87.44 * 84.50±16.42 * 55.68±10.34 * POD7 d 28 91.78±21.84 * 92.36±21.62 * 66.43±11.55 * 43.57±8.60 * POD14 d 28 67.52±10.35 * 72.17±16.28 * 41.26±8.30 * 32.45±6.21 * Non-advanced-age Donor POD1 d 490 895.23±225.19 614.85±126.51 77.59±20.48 51.18±12.96 POD3 d 490 226.37±66.54 256.79±70.25 66.73±17.02 39.67±9.40 POD7 d 490 68.41±18.38 77.47±18.16 53.65±12.83 28.33±7.29 POD14 d 490 35.32±9.27 48.56±14.10 28.39±7.15 20.58±5.04 F value (Group/Time/Interaction) 11.245/2583.479/60.763 8.157/2674.558/37.969 6.342/396.685/11.294 9.428/539.452/18.397 P value (Group/Time/Interaction) <0.001/<0.001/<0.001 <0.001/<0.001/<0.001 <0.001/<0.001/<0.001 <0.001/<0.001/<0.001 Note: Compared with the Non-advanced-age Donor Group at the same time point, P < 0.05 . 2.3 Comparison of Arterial Complications After Liver Transplantation Between the Two Groups As presented in Table 3, among the 518 patients, a total of 26 patients developed hepatic arterial complications, including 16 with hepatic artery thrombosis and 10 with hepatic artery stenosis, resulting in an overall incidence of 5.02% of hepatic arterial complications (26/518). The incidence of hepatic arterial complications was 10.71% in the advanced-age donor group and 4.69% in the non-advanced-age donor group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). Table 3. Comparison of arterial complications after liver transplantation between the two groups Group n Hepatic Artery Thrombosis Hepatic Artery Stenosis Total[ n （%）] Advanced-age Donor 28 2 1 3（10.71） Non-advanced-age Donor 490 14 9 23（4.69） χ²/t value 2.014 P value 0.156 2.4 Comparison of Donor and Recipient Clinical Data Between the Arterial Complication and Non-Arterial Complication Groups The occurrence of postoperative arterial complications was not associated with donor gender, age, presence of fatty liver, atherosclerosis, or arterial variations ( P > 0.05 ), as shown in Tables 4-5. Moreover, the occurrence was also not associated with recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility, cold ischemia time, operation time, duration of anhepatic phase, intraoperative blood loss, surgical technique, and history of hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus ( P > 0.05 ). However, it was significantly associated with the GRWR and the presence of inadequate hepatic artery flow ( P < 0.05 ). Table 4. Comparison of donor clinical data between the arterial complication and non-arterial complication groups Group n Gender[ n （%）] Age[ n （%）] Fatty Liver[ n （%）] Atherosclerosis[ n （%）] Arterial Variation[ n （%）] Male Female ≥70years old <70years old Arterial Complication 26 14（53.85） 12（46.15） 3（11.54） 23（88.46） 6（23.08） 9（34.62） 2（7.69） Non-arterial Complication 492 326（66.26） 166（33.74） 25（5.08） 467（94.92） 81（16.46） 104（21.14） 37（7.52） χ²/t value 1.687 2.014 0.773 2.630 0.001 P value 0.194 0.156 0.379 0.105 0.974 Table 5. Comparison of recipient clinical data between the arterial complication and non-arterial complication groups Group n Gender[ n （%）] Age（ ，years old） BMI（ ，kg/m 2 ） Primary Disease[ n （%）] Male Female Hepatocellular Carcinoma Non-HCC Arterial Complication 26 18（69.23） 8（30.77） 48.34±10.25 22.18±2.29 6（23.08） 20（76.92） Non-arterial Complication 492 358（72.76） 134（27.24） 47.48±11.10 22.65±2.51 126（25.61） 366（74.39） χ²/t value 0.155 0.386 0.934 0.083 P value 0.694 0.699 0.351 0.773 Group n ABO Incompatibility[ n （%）] Cold Ischemia Time（ ，min） Operation Time（ ，min） Anhepatic Phase（ ，min） Intraoperative Blood Loss（ ，mL） Arterial Complication 26 3（11.54） 399.21±35.02 422.05±85.40 53.64±10.26 2014.38±635.09 Non-arterial Complication 492 30（6.10） 396.92±31.14 416.67±96.25 54.39±12.18 1984.80±612.47 χ²/t value 1.226 0.363 0.279 0.308 0.240 P value 0.268 0.717 0.780 0.758 0.811 Group n Surgical Technique[ n （%）] Graft-to-Recipient Weight Ratio（ ） Inadequate Hepatic Artery Flow[ n （%）] History of Hypertension[ n （%）] History of Type 2 Diabetes[ n （%）] Piggyback Classic Orthotopic Arterial Complication 26 4（15.38） 22（84.62） 1.46±0.08 11（42.31） 2（7.69） 1（3.85） Non-arterial Complication 492 78（15.85） 414（84.15） 1.03±0.07 15（3.05） 43（8.74） 38（7.72） χ²/t value 0.004 30.303 79.837 0.034 0.533 P value 0.949 <0.001 <0.001 0.853 0.465 2.5 Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Arterial Complications After Liver Transplantation The postoperative arterial complication was set as the dependent variable ( occurrence = 1, non-occurrence = 0 ). Using graft-to-recipient weight ratio and inadequate hepatic artery flow as independent variables, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors (including recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility, etc.), both graft-to-recipient weight ratio and inadequate hepatic artery flow were independent risk factors for arterial complications after liver transplantation ( OR = 1.352 and 1.497, respectively; P < 0.05 ). See Table 6. Table 6. Binary logistic regression analysis of factors influencing arterial complications after liver transplantation Variable b S b Waldχ 2 P OR 95% CI Graft-to-Recipient Weight Ratio 1.245 0.316 19.831 <0.001 1.352 1.185~3.750 Inadequate Hepatic Artery Flow 1.130 0.283 43.546 <0.001 1.497 1.196~3.134 Constant 12.864 4.195 71.609 <0.001 0.002 — Discussion In recent years, as organ transplantation technology has matured, the number of potential liver transplant recipients has seen a significant increase. The shortage of donor liver resources has become increasingly prominent, resulting in a rising proportion of marginal donor liver utilization [ 6 ] . The use of marginal donor livers has addressed the supply-demand imbalance to some extent; it has also led to increased risks of post-transplant liver dysfunction, graft failure, and diminished survival rates for both grafts and recipients [ 7 ] . Advanced-age donor livers are a significant subset of these marginal donors, and the age of donors has been on the rise, with reports of donors as old as 87 years [ 8 ] . The effect of advanced donor age on post-transplant liver function, however, remains inconsistent across clinical studies[ 9 ] . Some research suggests that elderly donor livers lead to higher rates of graft loss, which negatively impacts liver function and survival rates for recipients [ 10 – 11 ] . In contrast, other studies find no significant differences in postoperative liver function and long-term survival rates between those receiving livers from advanced-age donors and those from standard donors [ 12 – 13 ] . As hepatic progenitor cells decrease with age, the liver's ability to regenerate and repair itself diminishes [ 14 ] . It was previously believed that donors aged 50 years and above could adversely affect liver transplantation outcomes, raising the risks of postoperative graft failure, increased mortality among recipients, and the necessity for retransplantation. Furthermore, older donors frequently present with various pathological conditions such as fatty liver, arteriosclerosis, and hyperglycemia, which can compromise donor liver quality and increase the risk of post-transplant liver dysfunction. Organ donors aged above 65 years have become a significant source of organs, with their contribution rising from 0.1% of all donors in 1988 to 8.5% in 2002 [ 15 ] (data sourced from reference 15). Moreover, the 1-year graft and recipient survival rates for liver transplants from donors above 65 years were 72.0% and 80.7%, respectively, which were only slightly lower than those for younger donors (aged 50–64 years) (77.2% and 83.3%) [ 15 ] . Recent studies indicate that although liver function quality declines in the elderly, hepatocytes experience minimal aging-related changes. While aging does affect liver function aspects like protein synthesis, drug metabolism, and bile secretion, these effects are often negligible due to the liver’s substantial functional reserve, regenerative capabilities, and dual blood supply [ 16 – 17 ] . Hence, while older livers have reduced adaptive capacities under stress, overall, their function remains well-preserved in healthy elderly individuals [ 17 ] . A study by Yang Yang et al. [ 18 ] found that the age of the donor is linked to poor liver function recovery within 7 days post-transplantation, but this association does not extend to the 15-day recovery period. Additionally, donor age was not determined to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in recipients receiving livers from donors after cardiac death. In contrast, a study by Meng Haipeng et al. [ 19 ] indicated that donor age above 40 years is an independent risk factor for early graft dysfunction post-liver transplantation. These findings imply that expanding the donor pool by utilizing livers from older individuals is biologically justified. This study established a threshold of 70 years to categorize donors into two groups. It was observed that early postoperative liver function indicators decreased gradually in both the advanced-age and non-advanced-age donor liver groups; however, all metrics in the advanced-age donor group remained significantly higher than those in the non-advanced-age group at corresponding time points. This finding suggests that advanced donor age can influence early postoperative liver function in recipients. The underlying reason may be that individuals aged 70 years and above are more prone to various underlying conditions (such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and hyperglycemia), which could negatively impact liver function. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize non-advanced-age donors when selecting a liver donor. If an advanced-age donor is considered, it is essential to avoid those with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or any cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Additionally, a stringent evaluation of donor liver quality is essential. In cases of advanced-age donors, those with a history of recurrent cardiac arrest, high-dose vasopressor use, hypernatremia, or prolonged cold or warm ischemia time should ideally be avoided. Implementing these measures can maximize post-transplant graft survival and reduce the risks of postoperative liver dysfunction and graft failure [ 20 ] . Due to the overall poor physical condition of the recipients and the significant trauma associated with liver transplantation, complications are common during and after the procedure, impacting the long-term survival of both the graft and recipient. Reports highlight that the incidence of surgery-related complications in liver transplantation can be as high as 92.1% [ 21 ] . Although advances in vascular anastomosis techniques have reduced vascular complications, they remain serious postoperative issues. Among these, hepatic artery complications, such as hepatic artery stenosis, thrombosis, and pseudoaneurysms, are the most prevalent. In this study, including 518 liver transplant recipients, 16 cases developed hepatic artery thrombosis and 10 developed hepatic artery stenosis, leading to a combined incidence of hepatic artery complications of 5.02% (26/518). Notably, some of these complications may not exhibit obvious symptoms initially or might only show mild elevations in transaminases and bilirubin, often being detected only during routine color Doppler ultrasound examinations. Hepatic artery complications are a common and serious postoperative complication that often requires vascular reconstruction once they occur. In severe cases, this may necessitate retransplantation, significantly influencing patient prognosis. Hepatic artery complications have been closely associated with post-transplant mortality and are one of the leading causes of early graft failure [ 22 ] . These complications typically manifest within three months post-transplantation, but can be difficult to differentiate symptomatically from other issues. By identifying the factors influencing post-transplant hepatic artery complications, targeted preventive measures can be developed to reduce their incidence and enhance both graft and recipient survival rates [ 23 ] . The results from this study indicated that both the recipient-to-donor weight ratio and the percentage of patients with insufficient hepatic artery flow were significantly higher in the arterial complication group compared to the non-complication group. Further multivariate analysis confirmed that both these factors are independent risk factors for hepatic artery complications following liver transplantation. The reasoning behind this is that a higher recipient-to-donor weight ratio suggests a greater mismatch in hepatic artery diameter, increasing the likelihood of requiring intraoperative reconstructions or vascular repairs of the hepatic artery. This, in turn, enhances the risk of postoperative hepatic artery complications. Insufficient hepatic artery flow, often caused by conditions such as splenic artery steal syndrome or celiac artery stenosis, can lead to hepatic artery thrombosis after transplantation. Consequently, when considering a donor for liver transplantation, it is critical to select one with a hepatic artery diameter that aligns closely with the recipient's to minimize the need for arterial reconstruction and reduce the risk of arterial complications [ 22 ] . Additionally, a comprehensive preoperative assessment is essential to avoid overlooking issues such as celiac artery stenosis. Potential contributing factors, such as splenic artery steal, should also be carefully assessed, and targeted surgical strategies should be developed to minimize the incidence of postoperative arterial complications [ 24 ] . To conclude, while donor age has a certain degree of influence on early postoperative liver function in recipients, it does not affect the incidence of postoperative arterial complications significantly. The independent risk factors for arterial complications following liver transplantation are the recipient-to-donor weight ratio and insufficient hepatic artery flow. Therefore, clinical practice should carefully consider these factors during donor selection and surgical planning. Abbreviations AST aspartate aminotransferase ALT alanine aminotransferase TBIL total bilirubin DBIL direct bilirubin BMI body mass index GRWR graft-to-recipient weight ratio CDFI color Doppler flow imaging RI resistance index CTA computed tomography angiography ANOVA analysis of variance Declarations Acknowledgements Liver disease center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Author contributions Yong Zhang was responsible for the conception and design of the study, performed the study, and wrote the manuscript. Zengqiang Dai andYanrong Zhao participated in the study, provided experimental data and performed statistical analysis. Jinzhen Cai was responsible for conception and design of the study, and guided the revision of the thesis. Lijie Qi was responsible for conception and design of the study, and manuscript authorization. All authors approved the final version of this manuscript. Funding None. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Data availability All the data in this study are shown in the manuscript. Unprocessed data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval No. QYFYWZLL28863). This is a retrospective study and individual informed consent to participate for this retrospective analysis with routine clinical data was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Consent for publication Not applicable. Conflict of interest There is no conflict of interest among the authors of the article. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. References Cherchi V, Vetrugno L, Terrosu G, et al. 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Liver transplantation from donors aged 80 years and over: pushing the limit[J]. Am J Transplant. 2004 Jul;4(7):1139-47. Popper H. Aging and the liver[J].Prog Liver Dis,1986,8:659-83. Wynne HA, James OF. The ageing liver[J]. Age Ageing. 1990 Jan;19(1):1-3. Brubaker AL, Taj R, Jackson B,et al. Early patient and liver allograft outcomes from donation after circulatory death donors using thoracoabdominal normothermic regional: a multi-center observational experience[J]. Front Transplant. 2023 Sep 11;2:1184620. Olthoff KM, Kulik L, Samstein B, et al. Validation of a current definition of early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients and analysis of risk factors[J]. Liver Transpl. 2010 Aug;16(8):943-9. Ke QH, Huang HT, Ling Q, et al. New-onset hyperglycemia immediately after liver transplantation: A national survey from China Liver Transplant Registry[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018 Aug;17(4):310-315. Daugaard TR, Pommergaard HC, Rostved AA, et al. Postoperative complications as a predictor for survival after liver transplantation - proposition of a prognostic score[J]. HPB (Oxford). 2018 Sep;20(9):815-822. Brookmeyer CE, Bhatt S, Fishman EK, et al. Multimodality Imaging after Liver Transplant: Top 10 Important Complications[J]. Radiographics. 2022 May-Jun;42(3):702-721. Asakuma M, Fujimoto Y, Bourquain H, et al. Graft selection algorithm based on congestion volume for adult living donor liver transplantation[J]. Am J Transplant. 2007 Jul;7(7):1788-96. Oggero AS, Bruballa RC, Huespe PE, et al. Percutaneous Balloon Dilatation for Hepaticojejunostomy Stricture Following Paediatric Liver Transplantation: Long-Term Results of an Institutional "Three-Session" Protocol[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022 Mar;45(3):330-336. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 09 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 06 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 28 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8993348","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":631036767,"identity":"0be4751b-5886-45ff-9cea-f53295d8fb79","order_by":0,"name":"Yong Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":631036768,"identity":"2771f416-91d6-4129-8ced-7f6f815ffa13","order_by":1,"name":"Zengqiang Dai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zengqiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Dai","suffix":""},{"id":631036769,"identity":"aa5b1aaf-9d84-4913-b052-6056a8b87277","order_by":2,"name":"Yanrong Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanrong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":631036771,"identity":"5b1ef9ef-66de-4802-b999-f1168d62bfd6","order_by":3,"name":"Jinzhen Cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinzhen","middleName":"","lastName":"Cai","suffix":""},{"id":631036777,"identity":"75e6f258-fe2d-420e-9cba-81975f0c01ea","order_by":4,"name":"Lijie Qi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAq0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZuaGAxIGDHJs7O0HiNXCCNZizMdzJoFYaxgbQGTiPAkHA+I08B1nbDxgUWCT3ibBkMDwo2IbYS2Sh8EOS8ttk248wNhz5jZhLQYQLYdz22QOJDAzthGv5X86m0SCAUlaDiQQrwXql2TDNmAgHyTKL3znDx/+LPHHTl6+vf3ggx8VRGhhOACMTQkEmxgAVMb4gTilo2AUjIJRMFIBAN3MPTC0vhogAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lijie","middleName":"","lastName":"Qi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-28 08:38:38","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8993348/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8993348/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108490803,"identity":"a1d4ff64-848e-4816-ae87-06a0656d968d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-05 09:48:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":434989,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8993348/v1/bd8e4c76-339e-4ca7-841d-5c5550eee72d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Donor Age and Early Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: Impact on Function Recovery and Arterial Complications","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eLiver transplantation is currently the sole direct and effective treatment for various end-stage liver diseases \u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c/sup\u003e. In recent years, continuous advancements in surgical techniques, organ preservation, immunosuppression, and anti-infective therapies have significantly increased the success rate of liver transplantation, thereby prolonging the survival of recipients \u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c/sup\u003e. Due to a critical shortage of liver donors in China, marginal donor livers—such as those from older donors, hepatitis B-positive individuals, donors with hypernatremia, and steatotic livers—have been increasingly utilized in clinical practice to address this critical shortage \u003csup\u003e[3]\u003c/sup\u003e. To further assess the clinical value of liver transplants from older donors, this study evaluated the clinical data of recipients who underwent liver transplantation between January 2021 and January 2024 at the Organ Transplant Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The analysis focused on early postoperative liver function and the incidence of arterial complications among recipients receiving livers from different age groups. Additionally, both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify potential factors that influence the occurrence of postoperative arterial complications. The findings are summarized as follows.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.1 General Data\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 518 patients who underwent liver transplantation at our facility between January 2021 and January 2024 were included in this study. All patients successfully completed the liver transplantation procedure. Among them, 376 were male and 142 were female, with ages ranging from 28 to 75 years (mean age: 47.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.46 years) and body mass index (BMI) ranging from 17.9 to 28.3 kg/m\u0026sup2; (mean BMI: 22.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.67 kg/m\u0026sup2;). Based on the donor age, the patients were categorized into two groups: an advanced-age donor liver group (donor age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;70 years, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;28) and a non-advanced-age donor liver group (donor age\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;70 years, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;490). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval No. QYFYWZLL28863) approved this study. This is a retrospective study, and individual informed consent to participate in this retrospective analysis with routine clinical data was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria were as follows: (1) The donor liver was obtained from a cardiac death donor, and all donors voluntarily provided the liver without any form of compensation; (2) Selection of donor livers adhered to the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Evaluation and Application of Organs Donated after Cardiac Death \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e; (3) Recipients were thoroughly assessed preoperatively and had no surgical contraindications, indicating their ability to tolerate the surgical procedure; (4) The study included first-time liver transplant recipients receiving a single liver graft, with procedures performed as either piggyback liver transplantation or classic orthotopic liver transplantation; (5) All recipients received routine postoperative immunosuppressive therapy; (6) Complete medical records were available for review; (7) Participants were aged 18 years or older.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Individuals with previous history of liver transplantation; (2) Recipients of combined multi-organ transplantation; (3) Recipients of split liver transplantation; (4) Presence of malignant tumors in organs other than the liver; (5) Preoperative evidence of extrahepatic metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; (6) Preoperative diagnosis of severe pneumonia; (7) Preoperative severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.3 Method\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.3.1 Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were gathered through medical record reviews, outpatient visits, and follow-ups through telephonic conversations. The information collected included donor-related variables (such as sex, age, presence of fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and arterial variations) and recipient-related variables (sex, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient, cold ischemia time, duration of the operation, anhepatic phase duration, intraoperative blood loss, surgical technique, graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), presence of inadequate hepatic artery flow, and history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.3.2 Liver Function Tests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFasting peripheral venous blood samples (5 mL) were obtained on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 from liver transplant recipients. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were measured using a Hitachi 7600 automated biochemical analyzer (Japan).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.3.3 Arterial Complications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegular postoperative color Doppler ultrasound examinations of the liver were conducted for all patients. Initially, examinations were conducted twice daily during the first postoperative week; thereafter, the frequency was adjusted based on the patient's recovery status. In cases where abnormal liver function was noted, a focused color Doppler ultrasound examination of the hepatic artery was performed. Hepatic artery stenosis was suspected when the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) revealed abnormalities in resistance and flow velocity. A diagnosis was confirmed if CDFI showed a resistance index (RI)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.5, turbulence at the hepatic artery anastomotic site, or a peak systolic velocity\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;400 cm/s. Hepatic artery complications, such as hepatic artery thrombosis or stenosis, were identified by the absence of distal hepatic artery flow on CDFI, or via confirmation from computed tomography angiography (CTA) or interventional angiography \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.4 Statistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. Measurement data were presented as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation (\u003cem\u003ex̄ \u0026plusmn; s\u003c/em\u003e), and comparisons between two groups were made using independent samples t-tests. For repeatedly measured data, repeated measures analysis of variance (\u003cem\u003eANOVA\u003c/em\u003e) was utilized, with \u003cem\u003eLSD-t\u003c/em\u003e tests for pairwise comparisons. Categorical data were expressed as percentages (%), and differences between groups were evaluated using chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for arterial complications following liver transplantation, with a P-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e2.1 Comparison of Clinical Data Between the Two Groups of Liver Transplant Recipients\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs presented in Table 1, no significant differences between the advanced-age donor group and the non-advanced-age donor group were observed in terms of recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility, cold ischemia time, operation time, anhepatic phase duration, or intraoperative blood loss (P \u0026gt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Comparison of clinical data between the two groups of liver transplant recipients\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"787\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge（\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1025\" alt=\"image\"\u003e，years）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 131px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1026\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Disease[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHepatocellular Carcinoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-HCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdvanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17（60.71）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11（39.29）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.04\u0026plusmn;10.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 131px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.92\u0026plusmn;2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6（21.43）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22（78.57）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-advanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e359（73.27）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131（26.73）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.49\u0026plusmn;11.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 131px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.53\u0026plusmn;2.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126（25.71）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e364（74.29）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.255\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 131px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.778\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; P value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.799\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 131px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.437\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.613\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"786\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eABO Incompatibility[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCold Ischemia Time（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1027\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，min）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOperation Time（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1028\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，min）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnhepatic Phase（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1029\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，min）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntraoperative Blood Loss（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1030\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，mL）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdvanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2（7.14）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e402.56\u0026plusmn;32.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e427.46\u0026plusmn;86.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.31\u0026plusmn;11.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2015.19\u0026plusmn;587.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-advanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31（6.33）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396.72\u0026plusmn;36.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e416.34\u0026plusmn;95.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.52\u0026plusmn;13.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1985.26\u0026plusmn;614.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.271\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; P value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.863\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.404\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.546\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.802\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Comparison of Early Postoperative Liver Function Indicators Between the Two Groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs presented in Table 2, the levels of AST, ALT, TBIL, and DBIL were significantly higher in the advanced-age donor group compared to the non-advanced-age donor group on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 (\u003cem\u003eP \u0026lt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 Comparison of early postoperative liver function indicators between the two groups（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1031\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"774\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAST（U/L）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eALT（U/L）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTBIL（\u0026mu;mol/L）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDBIL（\u0026mu;mol/L）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdvanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD1 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1024.57\u0026plusmn;256.49\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e756.24\u0026plusmn;145.89\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.76\u0026plusmn;21.93\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.22\u0026plusmn;15.07\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD3 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e402.46\u0026plusmn;71.61\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e423.31\u0026plusmn;87.44\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.50\u0026plusmn;16.42\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.68\u0026plusmn;10.34\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD7 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.78\u0026plusmn;21.84\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.36\u0026plusmn;21.62\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.43\u0026plusmn;11.55\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.57\u0026plusmn;8.60\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD14 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.52\u0026plusmn;10.35\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.17\u0026plusmn;16.28\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.26\u0026plusmn;8.30\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.45\u0026plusmn;6.21\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-advanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD1 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e895.23\u0026plusmn;225.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e614.85\u0026plusmn;126.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.59\u0026plusmn;20.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.18\u0026plusmn;12.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD3 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e226.37\u0026plusmn;66.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256.79\u0026plusmn;70.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.73\u0026plusmn;17.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.67\u0026plusmn;9.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD7 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.41\u0026plusmn;18.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.47\u0026plusmn;18.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.65\u0026plusmn;12.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.33\u0026plusmn;7.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePOD14 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.32\u0026plusmn;9.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.56\u0026plusmn;14.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.39\u0026plusmn;7.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.58\u0026plusmn;5.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eF value (Group/Time/Interaction)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.245/2583.479/60.763\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.157/2674.558/37.969\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.342/396.685/11.294\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.428/539.452/18.397\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP value (Group/Time/Interaction)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 146px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001/\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Compared with the Non-advanced-age Donor Group at the same time point, \u003cem\u003eP \u0026lt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Comparison of Arterial Complications After Liver Transplantation Between the Two Groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs presented in Table 3, among the 518 patients, a total of 26 patients developed hepatic arterial complications, including 16 with hepatic artery thrombosis and 10 with hepatic artery stenosis, resulting in an overall incidence of 5.02% of hepatic arterial complications (26/518). The incidence of hepatic arterial complications was 10.71% in the advanced-age donor group and 4.69% in the non-advanced-age donor group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP \u0026gt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Comparison of arterial complications after liver transplantation between the two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"561\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHepatic Artery Thrombosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHepatic Artery Stenosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdvanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3（10.71）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-advanced-age Donor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e490\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23（4.69）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 125px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4 Comparison of Donor and Recipient Clinical Data Between the Arterial Complication and Non-Arterial Complication Groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe occurrence of postoperative arterial complications was not associated with donor gender, age, presence of fatty liver, atherosclerosis, or arterial variations (\u003cem\u003eP \u0026gt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e), as shown in Tables 4-5. Moreover, the occurrence was also not associated with recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility, cold ischemia time, operation time, duration of anhepatic phase, intraoperative blood loss, surgical technique, and history of hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus (\u003cem\u003eP \u0026gt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e). However, it was significantly associated with the GRWR and the presence of inadequate hepatic artery flow (\u003cem\u003eP \u0026lt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Comparison of donor clinical data between the arterial complication and non-arterial complication groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"786\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFatty Liver[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAtherosclerosis[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterial Variation[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;70years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;70years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14（53.85）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12（46.15）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3（11.54）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23（88.46）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6（23.08）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9（34.62）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2（7.69）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-arterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e326（66.26）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166（33.74）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25（5.08）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e467（94.92）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81（16.46）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104（21.14）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37（7.52）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.687\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.630\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.974\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. Comparison of recipient clinical data between the arterial complication and non-arterial complication groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"787\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 190px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1032\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，years old）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1033\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary Disease[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHepatocellular Carcinoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-HCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18（69.23）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8（30.77）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.34\u0026plusmn;10.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.18\u0026plusmn;2.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6（23.08）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20（76.92）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-arterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e358（72.76）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134（27.24）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.48\u0026plusmn;11.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.65\u0026plusmn;2.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126（25.61）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e366（74.39）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 190px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 190px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.694\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.699\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.351\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"786\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eABO Incompatibility[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCold Ischemia Time（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1034\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，min）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOperation Time（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1035\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，min）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnhepatic Phase（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1036\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，min）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntraoperative Blood Loss（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1037\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e，mL）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3（11.54）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e399.21\u0026plusmn;35.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e422.05\u0026plusmn;85.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.64\u0026plusmn;10.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014.38\u0026plusmn;635.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-arterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30（6.10）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396.92\u0026plusmn;31.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e416.67\u0026plusmn;96.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.39\u0026plusmn;12.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1984.80\u0026plusmn;612.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.279\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.268\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.717\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.780\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"786\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical Technique[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraft-to-Recipient Weight Ratio（\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg width=\"35\" height=\"17\" src=\"data:image/wmf;base64,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\" v:shapes=\"_x0000_i1038\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/em\u003e）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInadequate Hepatic Artery Flow[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of Hypertension[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHistory of Type 2 Diabetes[\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e（%）]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePiggyback\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClassic Orthotopic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4（15.38）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22（84.62）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.46\u0026plusmn;0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11（42.31）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2（7.69）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1（3.85）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-arterial Complication\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e492\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78（15.85）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e414（84.15）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026plusmn;0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15（3.05）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43（8.74）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38（7.72）\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;/t value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.837\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003eP value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.949\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5 Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Arterial Complications After Liver Transplantation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe postoperative arterial complication was set as the dependent variable (\u003cem\u003eoccurrence = 1, non-occurrence = 0\u003c/em\u003e). Using graft-to-recipient weight ratio and inadequate hepatic artery flow as independent variables, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors (including recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, ABO incompatibility, etc.), both graft-to-recipient weight ratio and inadequate hepatic artery flow were independent risk factors for arterial complications after liver transplantation (\u003cem\u003eOR = 1.352 and 1.497, respectively; P \u0026lt; 0.05\u003c/em\u003e). See Table 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 6. Binary logistic regression analysis of factors influencing arterial complications after liver transplantation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eS\u003csub\u003eb\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWald\u0026chi;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOR\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95%\u003cem\u003eCI\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraft-to-Recipient Weight Ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.831\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.352\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.185~3.750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInadequate Hepatic Artery Flow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.283\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.546\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.497\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.196~3.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 158px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConstant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.864\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.195\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, as organ transplantation technology has matured, the number of potential liver transplant recipients has seen a significant increase. The shortage of donor liver resources has become increasingly prominent, resulting in a rising proportion of marginal donor liver utilization \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The use of marginal donor livers has addressed the supply-demand imbalance to some extent; it has also led to increased risks of post-transplant liver dysfunction, graft failure, and diminished survival rates for both grafts and recipients\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Advanced-age donor livers are a significant subset of these marginal donors, and the age of donors has been on the rise, with reports of donors as old as 87 years\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. The effect of advanced donor age on post-transplant liver function, however, remains inconsistent across clinical studies[\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Some research suggests that elderly donor livers lead to higher rates of graft loss, which negatively impacts liver function and survival rates for recipients\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. In contrast, other studies find no significant differences in postoperative liver function and long-term survival rates between those receiving livers from advanced-age donors and those from standard donors\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs hepatic progenitor cells decrease with age, the liver's ability to regenerate and repair itself diminishes\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. It was previously believed that donors aged 50 years and above could adversely affect liver transplantation outcomes, raising the risks of postoperative graft failure, increased mortality among recipients, and the necessity for retransplantation. Furthermore, older donors frequently present with various pathological conditions such as fatty liver, arteriosclerosis, and hyperglycemia, which can compromise donor liver quality and increase the risk of post-transplant liver dysfunction. Organ donors aged above 65 years have become a significant source of organs, with their contribution rising from 0.1% of all donors in 1988 to 8.5% in 2002\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e (data sourced from reference 15). Moreover, the 1-year graft and recipient survival rates for liver transplants from donors above 65 years were 72.0% and 80.7%, respectively, which were only slightly lower than those for younger donors (aged 50\u0026ndash;64 years) (77.2% and 83.3%)\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Recent studies indicate that although liver function quality declines in the elderly, hepatocytes experience minimal aging-related changes. While aging does affect liver function aspects like protein synthesis, drug metabolism, and bile secretion, these effects are often negligible due to the liver\u0026rsquo;s substantial functional reserve, regenerative capabilities, and dual blood supply\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Hence, while older livers have reduced adaptive capacities under stress, overall, their function remains well-preserved in healthy elderly individuals\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. A study by Yang Yang et al.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e found that the age of the donor is linked to poor liver function recovery within 7 days post-transplantation, but this association does not extend to the 15-day recovery period. Additionally, donor age was not determined to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in recipients receiving livers from donors after cardiac death. In contrast, a study by Meng Haipeng et al. \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e indicated that donor age above 40 years is an independent risk factor for early graft dysfunction post-liver transplantation. These findings imply that expanding the donor pool by utilizing livers from older individuals is biologically justified.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study established a threshold of 70 years to categorize donors into two groups. It was observed that early postoperative liver function indicators decreased gradually in both the advanced-age and non-advanced-age donor liver groups; however, all metrics in the advanced-age donor group remained significantly higher than those in the non-advanced-age group at corresponding time points. This finding suggests that advanced donor age can influence early postoperative liver function in recipients. The underlying reason may be that individuals aged 70 years and above are more prone to various underlying conditions (such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and hyperglycemia), which could negatively impact liver function. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize non-advanced-age donors when selecting a liver donor. If an advanced-age donor is considered, it is essential to avoid those with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or any cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Additionally, a stringent evaluation of donor liver quality is essential. In cases of advanced-age donors, those with a history of recurrent cardiac arrest, high-dose vasopressor use, hypernatremia, or prolonged cold or warm ischemia time should ideally be avoided. Implementing these measures can maximize post-transplant graft survival and reduce the risks of postoperative liver dysfunction and graft failure\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDue to the overall poor physical condition of the recipients and the significant trauma associated with liver transplantation, complications are common during and after the procedure, impacting the long-term survival of both the graft and recipient. Reports highlight that the incidence of surgery-related complications in liver transplantation can be as high as 92.1%\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Although advances in vascular anastomosis techniques have reduced vascular complications, they remain serious postoperative issues. Among these, hepatic artery complications, such as hepatic artery stenosis, thrombosis, and pseudoaneurysms, are the most prevalent. In this study, including 518 liver transplant recipients, 16 cases developed hepatic artery thrombosis and 10 developed hepatic artery stenosis, leading to a combined incidence of hepatic artery complications of 5.02% (26/518). Notably, some of these complications may not exhibit obvious symptoms initially or might only show mild elevations in transaminases and bilirubin, often being detected only during routine color Doppler ultrasound examinations. Hepatic artery complications are a common and serious postoperative complication that often requires vascular reconstruction once they occur. In severe cases, this may necessitate retransplantation, significantly influencing patient prognosis. Hepatic artery complications have been closely associated with post-transplant mortality and are one of the leading causes of early graft failure\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. These complications typically manifest within three months post-transplantation, but can be difficult to differentiate symptomatically from other issues. By identifying the factors influencing post-transplant hepatic artery complications, targeted preventive measures can be developed to reduce their incidence and enhance both graft and recipient survival rates \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results from this study indicated that both the recipient-to-donor weight ratio and the percentage of patients with insufficient hepatic artery flow were significantly higher in the arterial complication group compared to the non-complication group. Further multivariate analysis confirmed that both these factors are independent risk factors for hepatic artery complications following liver transplantation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reasoning behind this is that a higher recipient-to-donor weight ratio suggests a greater mismatch in hepatic artery diameter, increasing the likelihood of requiring intraoperative reconstructions or vascular repairs of the hepatic artery. This, in turn, enhances the risk of postoperative hepatic artery complications. Insufficient hepatic artery flow, often caused by conditions such as splenic artery steal syndrome or celiac artery stenosis, can lead to hepatic artery thrombosis after transplantation. Consequently, when considering a donor for liver transplantation, it is critical to select one with a hepatic artery diameter that aligns closely with the recipient's to minimize the need for arterial reconstruction and reduce the risk of arterial complications\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Additionally, a comprehensive preoperative assessment is essential to avoid overlooking issues such as celiac artery stenosis. Potential contributing factors, such as splenic artery steal, should also be carefully assessed, and targeted surgical strategies should be developed to minimize the incidence of postoperative arterial complications\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo conclude, while donor age has a certain degree of influence on early postoperative liver function in recipients, it does not affect the incidence of postoperative arterial complications significantly. The independent risk factors for arterial complications following liver transplantation are the recipient-to-donor weight ratio and insufficient hepatic artery flow. Therefore, clinical practice should carefully consider these factors during donor selection and surgical planning.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAST \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;aspartate aminotransferase\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eALT \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;alanine aminotransferase\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTBIL \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;total bilirubin\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDBIL \u0026nbsp; direct bilirubin\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBMI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;body mass index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGRWR \u0026nbsp;graft-to-recipient weight ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCDFI \u0026nbsp; color Doppler flow imaging\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;RI \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;resistance index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCTA \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;computed tomography angiography\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eANOVA \u0026nbsp;analysis of variance\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLiver disease center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYong Zhang was responsible for the conception and design of the study, performed the study, and wrote the manuscript. Zengqiang Dai andYanrong Zhao participated in the study, provided experimental data and performed statistical analysis. Jinzhen Cai was responsible for conception and design of the study, and guided the revision of the thesis. Lijie Qi was responsible for conception and design of the study, and manuscript authorization. All authors approved the final version of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNone.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003enot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll the data in this study are shown in the manuscript. Unprocessed data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval No. QYFYWZLL28863). This is a retrospective study and individual informed consent to participate for this retrospective analysis with routine clinical data was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no conflict of interest among the authors of the article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCherchi V, Vetrugno L, Terrosu G, et al. Association between artificial nutrition in brain dead donors and early allograft function in liver transplant recipients: an observational study[J]. Clin Transplant, 2023, 37(9):e15034.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEndo Y, Sasaki K, Moazzam Z, et al. The Impact of a Liver Transplant Program on the Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg. 2023 Aug 1;278(2):230-238.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGao SL, Mou BY, Dai DS, et al. Marginal donor liver versus standard donor liver: A single-center observational study[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2023 Jun;22(3):239-244.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChinese Society of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association, Transplantation Group of Chinese Society of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Division of Transplant Physicians. Expert consensus on evaluation and application of organs donated after cardiac death in China[J/CD]. Chinese Journal of Transplantation (Electronic Edition), 2014, 8(3): 117-122.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRinaldi P, Inchingolo R, Giuliani M, et al. Hepatic artery stenosis in liver transplantation: imaging and interventional treatment[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2012, 81(6):1110-1115.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBraga VS,Boteon APCS,Paglione HB,et al.Extended criteria brain-dead organ donors:Prevalence and impact on the utilisation of livers for transplantation in Brazil[J].World J Hepatol,2023,15(2):255-264.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYu SF,Cen C,Zhang XY,et al.Utilization of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive grafts in liver transplantation:a matched study based on a national registry cohort[J].J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2022,37(6):1052-1059. DOI:10.1111/jgh.15821.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGastaca M, Guerra M, Alvarez Martinez L, et al. Octogenarian Donors in Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc[J]. 2016 Nov;48(9):2856-2858.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatrono D,Cussa D,Sciannameo V,et al.Outcome of liver transplantation with grafts from brain-dead donors treated with dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion,with particular reference to elderly donors[J].Am J Transplant,2022,22(5):1382-1395.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFeng S, Goodrich NP, Bragg-Gresham JL, et al. Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: the concept of a donor risk index[J]. Am J Transplant. 2006 Apr;6(4):783-90.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLu\u0026eacute; A, Solanas E, Baptista P, et al. How important is donor age in liver transplantation? World J Gastroenterol[J]. 2016 Jun 7;22(21):4966-76.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGilbo N,Jochmans I,Sainz-Barriga M,et al.Age matching of elderly liver grafts with elderly recipients does not have a synergistic effect on long-term outcomes when both are carefully selected[J].Transplant Direct,2019,5(4):e342. DOI:10.1097/TXD.0000000000000883.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCroome KP, Mathur AK, Lee DD, et al. Outcomes of Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Grafts From Donors 50 Years or Older: A Multicenter Analysis. Transplantation[J]. 2018 Jul;102(7):1108-1114.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eParente A,Ronca V.Assessment of advanced age candidates for liver transplantation warrants more caution[J].World J Transplant,2022,12(2):24-26.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNardo B, Masetti M, Urbani L, et al. Liver transplantation from donors aged 80 years and over: pushing the limit[J]. Am J Transplant. 2004 Jul;4(7):1139-47.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePopper H. Aging and the liver[J].Prog Liver Dis,1986,8:659-83.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWynne HA, James OF. The ageing liver[J]. Age Ageing. 1990 Jan;19(1):1-3.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBrubaker AL, Taj R, Jackson B,et al. Early patient and liver allograft outcomes from donation after circulatory death donors using thoracoabdominal normothermic regional: a multi-center observational experience[J]. Front Transplant. 2023 Sep 11;2:1184620.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOlthoff KM, Kulik L, Samstein B, et al. Validation of a current definition of early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients and analysis of risk factors[J]. Liver Transpl. 2010 Aug;16(8):943-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKe QH, Huang HT, Ling Q, et al. New-onset hyperglycemia immediately after liver transplantation: A national survey from China Liver Transplant Registry[J]. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2018 Aug;17(4):310-315.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDaugaard TR, Pommergaard HC, Rostved AA, et al. Postoperative complications as a predictor for survival after liver transplantation - proposition of a prognostic score[J]. HPB (Oxford). 2018 Sep;20(9):815-822.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBrookmeyer CE, Bhatt S, Fishman EK, et al. Multimodality Imaging after Liver Transplant: Top 10 Important Complications[J]. Radiographics. 2022 May-Jun;42(3):702-721.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAsakuma M, Fujimoto Y, Bourquain H, et al. Graft selection algorithm based on congestion volume for adult living donor liver transplantation[J]. Am J Transplant. 2007 Jul;7(7):1788-96.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOggero AS, Bruballa RC, Huespe PE, et al. Percutaneous Balloon Dilatation for Hepaticojejunostomy Stricture Following Paediatric Liver Transplantation: Long-Term Results of an Institutional \u0026quot;Three-Session\u0026quot; Protocol[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022 Mar;45(3):330-336.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-surgery","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bsur","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Surgery](http://bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bsur/default.aspx","title":"BMC Surgery","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Donor age, Liver transplantation, Liver function, Arterial complications, Risk factors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8993348/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8993348/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective: \u003c/strong\u003eThis study aims to investigate the effect of donor age on the early recovery of liver function following liver transplantation, as well as to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with arterial complications post liver transplantation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod:\u003c/strong\u003e A total of 518 patients who underwent liver transplantation surgery from January 2021 to January 2024 in our hospital were selected as the study participants. Based on their donor age, the participants were divided into an elderly liver donor group (donor age ≥ 70 years old) of 28 cases and a non-elderly liver donor group (donor age\u0026lt;70 years old) of 490 cases. Liver function indicators such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were assessed in two patient groups at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days following liver transplantation. The incidence of postoperative arterial complications in two groups, including hepatic artery thrombosis and hepatic artery stenosis, was evaluated. Based on the occurrence of hepatic artery complications, the liver transplant patients were categorized into two groups: those with arterial complications and those without complications. Moreover, the relevant clinical data of liver transplant donors and recipients between the two groups were compared. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for arterial complications post-liver transplantation. No significant difference in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), primary disease, donor-recipient blood type incompatibility, cold ischemia time, surgery time, anhepatic phase time, and intraoperative bleeding between the elderly and non-elderly liver donor groups (P \u0026gt; \u003cem\u003e0.05\u003c/em\u003e) was noted. AST, ALT, TBIL, and DBIL were higher in the elderly donor liver group than those in the non-elderly donor liver group at postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 (P\u0026lt;0.05). The incidence of hepatic artery complications was 10.71% among the elderly donor liver group, compared to 4.69% in the non-elderly donor liver group, with no significant difference noted between the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026gt;0.05\u003c/em\u003e). The occurrence of arterial complications post-liver transplantation was not associated with the donor’s sex, age, presence of fatty liver, atherosclerosis, or arterial variation (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026gt;0.05\u003c/em\u003e). Furthermore, it was unrelated to the sex, age, BMI, primary disease, blood type incompatibility with the donor, cold ischemia time, duration of the surgery, anhepatic phase time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical approach, history of hypertension, or type 2 diabetes (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026gt;0.05\u003c/em\u003e). However, the recipient-to- donor mass ratio and hepatic artery blood flow insufficiency were correlated with the occurrence of complications (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/em\u003e). The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for confounding factors such as recipient gender, age, BMI, primary disease, and blood type incompatibility, both the recipient-to-donor mass ratio and insufficient hepatic artery blood flow emerged as independent risk factors for arterial complications following liver transplantation (\u003cem\u003eOR values=1.352, 1.497, P\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/em\u003e).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eIn conclusion,\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ewhile elderly liver donors may influence early postoperative liver function recovery in transplant recipients, they do not significantly affect the incidence of arterial complications after transplantation. The recipient-to-donor mass ratio and inadequate hepatic arterial blood flow are identified as independent risk factors for such complications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Donor Age and Early Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: Impact on Function Recovery and Arterial Complications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-29 14:16:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8993348/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"234078283610998678605760014537212439787","date":"2026-04-30T12:57:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"144654229224620451685543347174286430767","date":"2026-04-26T14:23:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"299747091965367211045366326139620624758","date":"2026-04-26T13:21:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-21T12:47:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-09T09:16:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-06T13:20:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-06T13:18:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Surgery","date":"2026-02-28T08:29:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-surgery","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bsur","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Surgery](http://bmcsurg.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bsur/default.aspx","title":"BMC Surgery","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"42721fe6-cdb0-4bfc-9d7e-c2ae938749fe","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"234078283610998678605760014537212439787","date":"2026-04-30T12:57:28+00:00","index":66,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T14:16:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-29 14:16:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8993348","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8993348","identity":"rs-8993348","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}