Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study

Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484" }, "headline": "Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring...", "datePublished": "2021-06-17T16:15:22", "dateModified": "2025-06-02T15:57:33", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ek-uma Imkome" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Objective To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM). Methods This pilot study involved 142 caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use. Sample adequacy was assessed using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) method, while Bartlett’s test evaluated the item correlation matrix. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify underlying factors. Results The 32-item TIBSCSM showed convergent validity correlations with two quality-of-life measures. The KMO value was 0.90, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity yielded χ2 = 5248.5, df = 496, p < 0.001. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was 1, indicating high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.90). EFA identified four constructs: physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction. The model exhibited strong reliability and validity, with an average variance extracted (AVE) of 0.948 and composite reliability (CR) of 0.987, accounting for 64.90% of the variance. Conclusion The TIBSCSM scale provides valuable insights for psychiatric nurses and mental health teams to measure the impact and burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use. It is particularly useful for nursing, research, education, and clinical practice, especially in addressing the caregiver burdens exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implication for nursing and research The TIBSCSM, developed in the Thai context, can facilitate studies evaluating variations in caregiver impact across different settings. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4", "name": "Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver..." } } ] } Home Browse Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Imkome Eu. Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.4 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] Previously titled: Development and psychometric testing of the Thai impact and burden of care scale for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use Ek-uma Imkome https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5714-4249 Ek-uma Imkome https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5714-4249 PUBLISHED 02 Jun 2025 Author details Author details Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand Ek-uma Imkome Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Addiction and Related Behaviors gateway. Abstract Objective To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM). Methods This pilot study involved 142 caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use. Sample adequacy was assessed using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) method, while Bartlett’s test evaluated the item correlation matrix. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify underlying factors. Results The 32-item TIBSCSM showed convergent validity correlations with two quality-of-life measures. The KMO value was 0.90, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity yielded χ 2 = 5248.5, df = 496, p < 0.001. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was 1, indicating high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.90). EFA identified four constructs: physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction. The model exhibited strong reliability and validity, with an average variance extracted (AVE) of 0.948 and composite reliability (CR) of 0.987, accounting for 64.90% of the variance. Conclusion The TIBSCSM scale provides valuable insights for psychiatric nurses and mental health teams to measure the impact and burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use. It is particularly useful for nursing, research, education, and clinical practice, especially in addressing the caregiver burdens exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implication for nursing and research The TIBSCSM, developed in the Thai context, can facilitate studies evaluating variations in caregiver impact across different settings. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Schizophrenia, methamphetamine, caregivers, factor analysis, burden care. Corresponding Author(s) Ek-uma Imkome ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Ek-uma Imkome Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: - Faculty of Nursing Thammasat University - Thammasat University Research Unit in the innovation of Mental Health and Behavioral Healthcare. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2025 Imkome Eu. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Imkome Eu. Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.4 ) First published: 17 Jun 2021, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.1 ) Latest published: 02 Jun 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.4 ) Revised Amendments from Version 3 For this version, I have refined the definition of primary caregiver in the Subjects section, incorporating objective criteria to enhance clarity and rigor in response to the reviewer’s comments. For this version, I have refined the definition of primary caregiver in the Subjects section, incorporating objective criteria to enhance clarity and rigor in response to the reviewer’s comments. See the author's detailed response to the review by Jarurin Pitanupong See the author's detailed response to the review by Joko Gunawan READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction Schizophrenia with co-occurring methamphetamine use is a complex and debilitating psychiatric condition that severely affects individuals across multiple domains, including physical and psychological health, social functioning, and economic stability. The chronic nature of the illness often results in a profound caregiving burden, with caregivers experiencing significant emotional distress, role confusion, and reduced quality of life. 1 , 2 Studies indicate that caregivers frequently encounter psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety, stress, and depressive states, which, in turn, adversely affect their caregiving performance and the overall well-being of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders. 3 , 4 Caregivers employ various strategies to manage the care of individuals with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use disorder, particularly during episodes of psychosis and relapse. Strategies include fostering medication adherence, ensuring a safe environment, and providing emotional support. These efforts are critical in mitigating aggressive behaviors and sustaining continuity of care. 5 However, research highlights that inadequate caregiver involvement in treatment planning is associated with poor adherence to psychiatric treatment regimens, thereby emphasizing the necessity of assessing caregiving burden and its implications. 6 The emotional, psychological, and financial strains experienced by caregivers warrant the development of evidence-based interventions aimed at enhancing caregiver well-being. Such interventions, spearheaded by nurses and mental health professionals, could provide structured support to caregivers, improving both their psychological health and caregiving efficacy. 7 Despite prior studies investigating aspects of caregiving stress, there is a notable gap in research examining the specific burdens associated with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use in primary caregivers. Furthermore, existing assessment tools do not sufficiently capture caregivers’ lived experiences in this context. 8 , 9 Given this gap, the development of a comprehensive measurement instrument tailored to the experiences of caregivers is imperative. This study aims to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM). The findings will contribute to the enhancement of multidisciplinary treatment strategies while promoting an improved quality of life for caregivers and care recipients alike. Methods Subjects Data were collected from 142 caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use at psychiatric hospitals. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) being the primary caregiver of a person of a family member diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to the DSM-V criteria, 10 without compensation for caregiving, and responsible for accompanying the patient to outpatient services; (2) having served as the primary caregiver for at least one year, as identified by individuals with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use; (3) being at least 20 years of age; and (4) consenting to participate in the study. Procedure Over four weeks, identified inpatients, who met the criteria of a diagnosis of schizophrenia with co-occurring methamphetamine use and were 18–60 years old, were selected. A psychiatric nurse asked them to name their primary caregiver. The researcher asked them if we could contact the primary caregiver. When they agreed, and when the caregiver met the inclusion criteria, the self-report scale was collected and completed by the researcher teams’ caregivers or interviews. Ethical approval Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants (COA No. 284/2560). The scopes, risks, and benefits of this study for the subjects were explained. Before data collection, written consent was obtained directly from the PCPSs Participation was voluntary, and participant anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed. Data collection The data collected included the following: • Demographic characteristics of the primary caregivers. • TIBSCSM: The caregivers completed the self-administered scale. Scale development Development of the TIBSCSM occurred in two phases: a) qualitative and b) quantitative. Item generation occurred during the qualitative phase, and item reduction and the validation process happened during the quantitative phase. 11 The two steps involved collecting data from different subjects. Item generation: a qualitative approach Item generation occurred in two steps. First, the content was derived from the questionnaire from face-to-face, semi-structured interviews performed by the researcher. Briefly, discussions addressed the impact and burden of care based on caregiver stress theory, a middle-range theory. Second, the objective was to predict caregiver stress and its outcomes from demographic characteristics, an objective burden in caregiving, stressful life events, social support, and social roles. 7 The determined wording of question stems and the range of response options until saturation by 30 caregivers’ interviews. The researcher performed content analysis. Third, the researcher identifies 32 questions from this interview process. These items were answered using a five-point Likert scale, defined as: 1: never/not at all; 2: rarely/a little; 3: sometimes/somewhat; 4: often/a lot; and 5: always/very much. 30 caregivers were requested to remark on any part of the scale ( i.e. , content, wording, response choices) that they considered inappropriate or merited improvement. Ambiguous items and those that were misinterpreted or infrequently answered were withdrawn or rephrased, leading to a preliminary scale that contained 32 items. Lastly, preliminary interviews were conducted with the caregivers to ensure that the scale was a true reflection of the caregivers’ understanding and confirmed content validity. The second round of interviews with caregivers guaranteed its face validity. Item reduction and validation of the TIBSCSM: a quantitative approach The item reduction process comes from the results of statistical analyses and the steering committee’s expertise. Item response theory and classical test theory conduct by Statistical approaches. 12 Both metrological properties and their impact on the final scale’s content, taking into account the items’ meanings, were discussed and then removed items. The researcher retained items to produce the final version of the TIBSCSM in more robust and psychometrically sound solutions. The researcher tested for construct validity, reliability, and some aspects of external validity in the last version. Convergent validity was evaluated by examining correlations between the TIBSCSM and two measures of caregivers’ quality of life: the Thai version of the Schizophrenia Caregiver Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-CGQoL-Thai Scale) and the Thai version of the World Health Organization Brief Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL–BREF–THAI). Construct validity defines the construct to be assessed by the scale and measures its construct’s internal structure and the theoretical relationship of its item and subscale scores. It was evaluated using principal component factor analyses with varimax rotation 13 to define the number of independent items and dimensions. Results Sample characteristics The mean age of the 142 participants was 47.1 years old (SD = 8.4). They were predominantly female (73.9%), married (63.4%), and about half had completed at least a bachelor’s degree (50.7%) and worked in agriculture (57.8%). Additionally, almost all of them (83.1%) had insufficient income, were healthy (61%), and had been the caregiver for more than five years (48%). Regarding medical history, about one-third of them (35.1%) used universal healthcare coverage, and more than half of them had no medical illness (61%) ( Table 1 ). Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 142). N % Caregivers Gender Male 37 26.10 Female 105 73.90 Age (years), mean ± SD 47.11 ± 8.42 Marital status Single 52 36.60 Marriage 55 38.70 Widowed 12 8.50 Divorced 14 9.90 Separated 9 6.30 Education None 3 2.10 Primary/elementary education 55 38.70 Secondary education 12 8.40 Bachelor’s degree or higher 72 50.70 Employment status Unemployed 6 3.90 Employed 132 96.1 Income Sufficiency 14 9.10 Insufficiency 128 83.10 Illness No 94 61.04 Diabetis 2 1.30 Hypertention 7 4.55 Gastric ulcer 9 5.84 Etc. 6 3.90 Relationship Spouse 19 12.34 Child 67 43.50 Mother/Father 30 19.50 Etc. 26 16.90 Time of caring (year) 1–5 68 44.16 5–10 15 9.74 >10 59 38.31 Medical payment Universal healthcare coverage 54 35.10 Social security service 34 22.10 Government reimbursement 25 16.20 Self-support 21 13.6 Etc. 8 5.20 Exploratory factor analysis The first-order factors loading = 0.5–0.8 and the variance of first-order factors loading were explained by a latent variable of second-order factors of the four constructs ranking 66.3% – 74.0%. Besides, factor loading of TIBSCSM, factor score, and R2 range between = 0.6–0.8, of TIBSCSM. The second-order factors analysis of measurement model of TIBSCSM shows factor loading completely standardized solution of second-order factors in the high level ( Figure 1 ). The latent variables can explain the variance of construct of physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction of 97.2%, 99.5%, 97.0% and 92.5%, respectively. The average variance extracted (AVE) of 0.948 and composite reliability (CR) of 0.987 ( Table 3 ). Figure 1. Scree plot graph of TIBSCSM scale. Validity Content validity: The TIBSCSM, with 32 items, showed a content validity index = 1. Convergence validity: The TIBSCSM correlated with the S-CGQoL-Thai Scale and the WHOQOL–BREF–THAI. Factor analysis showed good construct validity, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) = 0.9, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, χ 2 = 5248.5, df = 496, p < 0.001. For the content validity, the scale shows CVI = 1 and S-CVI = 0.86. Reliability Internal consistency: Cronbach’s alpha showed high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.9). The corrected item total correlation ranged from 0.5–0.8. The total variance explained was 64.9%, which is excellent. Also, the extract construct of factor analysis was the following: physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction ( Figure 1 ). The mean, standard deviation, internal consistency, and reliability of various question sets: a) Physical Function (6 items: Item 1, Item 10, Item 14, Item 24, Item 29, Item 32): Mean: 52.53, S.D. =16.75, Internal Consistency: Ranges from 0.75 to 0.86, and Reliability = 0.96, b) Self-Esteem (Mastery) (9 items: Item 15, Item 16, Item 17, Item 18, Item 20, Item 21, Item 22, Item 30): Mean: 46.03, S.D. = 14.42, Internal Consistency ranges from 0.73 to 0.83, Reliability = 0.95, c) Role Enjoyment (11 items: Item 2, Item 3, Item 4, Item 5, Item 12, Item 13, Item 23, Item 25, Item 26, Item 27, Item 28): Mean = 50.04, S.D. = 13.60, Internal Consistency ranges from 0.71 to 0.84, Reliability = 0.98, d) Relationship Satisfaction (6 items: Item 6, Item 7, Item 8, Item 9, Item 11, Item 31): Mean = 49.96, S.D. = 15.62, Internal Consistency ranges from 0.67 to 0.81, and reliability = 0.86. This comprehensive data is summarized in Table 4 . Correlation testing between the 32 items found that the correlation coefficient of all 32 questions was in the range 0.3–0.8, and the correlation coefficient of the internal items of each construct were medium to high in the positive correlation with statistical significance at 0.05 ( Table 2 , Figure 2 ). Table 2. The correlation matrix of TIBSCSM. r IB1 IB2 IB3 IB4 IB5 IB6 IB7 IB8 IB9 IB10 IB11 IB12 IB13 IB14 IB15 IB16 IB17 IB18 IB19 IB20 IB21 IB22 IB23 IB24 IB25 IB26 IB27 IB28 IB29 IB30 IB31 IB32 IB1 1.00 IB2 .75 1.00 IB3 .68 .63 1.00 IB4 .60 .57 .65 1.00 IB5 .47 .40 .64 .80 1.00 IB6 .43 .47 .52 .69 .80 1.00 IB7 .40 .39 .57 .62 .80 .77 1.00 IB8 .32 .33 .58 .54 .64 .62 .71 1.00 IB9 .34 .35 .49 .56 .64 .64 .66 .71 1.00 IB10 .36 .45 .48 .45 .54 .53 .54 .57 .70 1.00 IB11 .48 .57 .47 .62 .56 .48 .55 .47 .60 .64 1.00 IB12 .43 .47 .40 .66 .58 .50 .58 .41 .48 .44 .74 1.00 IB13 .36 .42 .55 .66 .72 .67 .70 .50 .58 .64 .62 .67 1.00 IB14 .47 .48 .46 .76 .70 .64 .60 .46 .48 .50 .62 .67 .78 1.00 IB15 .37 .34 .52 .64 .72 .66 .70 .62 .56 .55 .43 .53 .75 .70 1.00 IB16 .44 .43 .51 .59 .71 .63 .69 .59 .57 .60 .52 .55 .69 .68 .72 1.00 IB17 .52 .53 .62 .58 .63 .56 .62 .52 .62 .61 .46 .51 .64 .62 .65 .79 1.00 IB18 .45 .45 .60 .61 .70 .66 .75 .65 .68 .55 .52 .53 .69 .66 .69 .74 .79 1.00 IB19 .37 .47 .58 .52 .59 .52 .61 .59 .50 .58 .49 .51 .61 .58 .67 .67 .75 .74 1.00 IB20 .33 .37 .51 .57 .57 .60 .58 .57 .56 .50 .48 .48 .55 .54 .61 .58 .57 .70 .75 1.00 IB21 .50 .55 .57 .68 .58 .55 .59 .59 .53 .52 .64 .65 .57 .64 .65 .60 .54 .58 .71 .70 1.00 IB22 .42 .43 .48 .65 .60 .54 .57 .57 .56 .52 .53 .61 .48 .60 .58 .61 .54 .56 .58 .57 .81 1.00 IB23 .47 .56 .51 .61 .51 .51 .52 .54 .55 .65 .60 .53 .58 .61 .59 .63 .60 .59 .52 .47 .72 .77 1.00 IB24 .51 .54 .46 .63 .58 .57 .55 .58 .56 .58 .56 .50 .45 .52 .49 .59 .54 .52 .40 .42 .63 .69 .81 1.00 IB25 .52 .52 .49 .66 .60 .52 .58 .54 .57 .57 .59 .62 .49 .62 .62 .65 .59 .57 .55 .55 .73 .71 .72 .75 1.00 IB26 .36 .42 .42 .61 .55 .45 .52 .54 .61 .50 .52 .46 .45 .48 .49 .50 .52 .60 .52 .53 .62 .55 .60 .64 .69 1.00 IB27 .31 .40 .44 .63 .54 .42 .45 .63 .54 .56 .55 .51 .44 .53 .57 .44 .45 .48 .55 .50 .67 .67 .61 .57 .71 .75 1.00 IB28 .26 .36 .45 .59 .49 .36 .42 .56 .44 .43 .51 .48 .41 .45 .46 .30 .30 .43 .51 .51 .73 .67 .56 .51 .60 .71 .85 1.00 IB29 .34 .46 .45 .62 .54 .48 .45 .37 .47 .51 .55 .53 .58 .55 .43 .45 .46 .49 .48 .46 .69 .63 .63 .53 .55 .63 .65 .71 1.00 IB30 .51 .50 .55 .66 .57 .52 .49 .50 .45 .44 .47 .60 .56 .65 .60 .60 .53 .55 .53 .53 .77 .76 .72 .63 .71 .62 .63 .68 .72 1.00 IB31 .48 .53 .54 .59 .51 .49 .43 .55 .39 .39 .43 .47 .40 .49 .49 .52 .45 .43 .46 .46 .68 .65 .62 .60 .70 .67 .69 .71 .68 .82 1.00 IB32 .44 .50 .49 .67 .61 .56 .64 .54 .56 .46 .60 .63 .60 .65 .57 .68 .56 .60 .51 .55 .73 .65 .66 .63 .73 .68 .60 .61 .72 .78 .77 1.00 Table 3. Weights of the item’s components and percentage of variance (n = 142). Items Component 1 2 3 4 Physical function 1 How often do you feel that the patient asks for more help than is necessary? 0.86 10 How much do you feel that your health is deteriorating as a result of patient care? 0.76 14 How often do you feel that patients rely on you for their daily activities? 0.81 24 How tired are you from the care of patients? 0.75 29 How often do you feel that your sleep is disturbed by patient care? 0.70 32 How often do you feel that care for a patient affects your work? (Both paid and non-paid work) 0.75 Self-esteem 15 How often do you feel that you do not have enough money to take care of the patient from the rest of your expenses? 0.75 16 How often do you feel that you are unable to take care of patients longer than this? 0.73 17 How often do you feel that you cannot control your life because of the illness with the patient's schizophrenia? 0.74 18 How often can you let other people take care of the patient instead? 0.80 20 How often do you feel you can take care of more patients? 0.67 21 How often do you feel you are unable to take good care of your patients? 0.80 22 How difficult do you feel to care for the patient? 0.71 30 How often do you feel sad from caring for patients? 0.83 Role and Social enjoyment 2 How often do you feel you spend so much time with the patient that you don't have time for yourself? 0.81 3 How difficult is it to look after the patients and take responsibility for other things as well? 0.76 4 How shy do you feel about the behavior of the patient? 0.76 5 How frustrated are you about the behavior of the patient? 0.76 12 How often do you feel your social life gets worse because you have to take care of the patient? 0.75 13 How uncomfortable or uneasy you feel are to neglect or distance yourself from friends because of the behavior of the patient. 0.83 19 How often are you not sure about how to take care of the patient? 0.73 23 How often do you feel you have to take care of the patient alone? 0.74 25 How stressed do you feel from caring for patients? 0.74 26 How difficult do you feel when taking care of your medication? 0.71 27 How often do you worry that the patient's mental symptoms will relapse? 0.80 28 How often do you worry that the condition of the patient's schizophrenia will worsen? 0.84 Relationship satisfaction 6 How angry are you about the behavior of the patient? 0.67 7 How often do you feel that a patient's schizophrenia and substance use have a negative impact on your relationship with you? 0.76 8 How scared are you about what will happen in the patient's future? 0.76 9 How often do you feel that the patient is financially dependent on you? 0.79 11 How often do you feel that the patient makes you lack privacy? 0.76 31 How often do you experience the ups and downs of patients with schizophrenia? 0.81 Table 4. Mean, standard deviation, internal consistency and reliability of the items (n = 142). TIBSCSM-Thai Scale Mean (S.D.) IIC Alpha a Min–max 1. Physical function (6 items) 52.53 (16.75) 0.75-0.86 0.96 2. Self-esteem/mastery (9 items) 46.03 (14.42) 0.73-0.83 0.95 3. Role enjoyment (11 items) 50.04 (13.60) 0.71-0.84 0.98 4. Relationship satisfaction (6 items) 49.96 (15.62) 0.67-0.81 0.86 Figure 2. Second-order of Impact and burden care model. Discussion This pilot study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the TIBSCSM, confirming its reliability and validity as an assessment tool for caregiver burden. The findings demonstrate strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90, indicating robust correlations between items within each dimension. 14 , 15 This aligns with previous work on psychometric validation of caregiver burden scales, such as the study by Arslan, Yıldırım, and Ceyhan (2020), 16 which examined the burden scale for caregivers of older adults, demonstrating similar reliability and internal consistency. Factor analysis results confirm that the TIBSCSM has a stable multidimensional structure, aligning with best practices for scale development and validation. 17 The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified four key dimensions—physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction—accounting for 64.90% of the total variance. 8 The high KMO value (0.90) and significant Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ 2 = 5248.5, df = 496, p < 0.001) validate the adequacy of the item correlation matrix. 13 Further, the average variance extracted (AVE = 0.948) and composite reliability (CR = 0.987) confirm convergent validity, ensuring that the constructs measure unique dimensions while maintaining strong relationships with external assessments. 18 These psychometric strengths align with the methodologies outlined by Ketchen and Berg (2006) 19 and validate the discriminant validity of the TIBSCSM using criteria recommended by Henseler, Ringle, and Sarstedt (2014). 20 Compared to previously validated caregiver burden scales, such as the Schizophrenia Caregiver Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-CGQoL-Thai Scale) and the World Health Organization Brief Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL–BREF–THAI), the TIBSCSM demonstrated strong convergent validity, reinforcing its applicability in clinical practice. 3 Unlike broader caregiver burden measures, which focus on general caregiving stress, the TIBSCSM is specifically designed to assess challenges related to schizophrenia and methamphetamine use, distinguishing it as a targeted assessment tool. 4 Arslan et al. (2020) 16 also emphasized the importance of psychometric rigor in caregiver burden scales, providing supporting evidence that multidimensional burden constructs can effectively differentiate specific experiences of caregivers. Similarly, research on multidimensional psychometric validation by Brunner and Süß (2005) 21 offers insights into the structural reliability of self-report instruments, supporting the methodological approach employed in this study. Implications for clinical practice and further research This study highlights the necessity of tailoring interventions to distinct caregiver burden domains. Caregivers experiencing physical strain may benefit from structured respite care programs, while those struggling with self-esteem and emotional distress require psychological support. 2 , 7 , 22 The identified dimensions reflect caregivers’ diverse experiences, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary approaches to caregiving support. 9 Additionally, caregiver burden is intensified by financial strain, role confusion, and social stigma, reinforcing the necessity of targeted interventions to alleviate these challenges. 23 Previous studies indicate that caregiver stress significantly impacts patient outcomes, particularly in cases of co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. 4 Therefore, psychiatric nurses and mental health professionals can utilize the TIBSCSM to develop specialized training, psychoeducation programs, and policy initiatives that enhance caregiver resilience. 5 Further methodological refinement using variance-based structural equation modeling 20 could be beneficial in future studies to enhance the measurement precision of caregiver burden assessment tools. Recent advancements in factor analysis techniques, as discussed by Kock (2019), 24 may also contribute to improving the construct validity of psychometric instruments designed for caregiver burden assessment. Conclusion This pilot study contributes to the development of standardized caregiver burden assessment tools, addressing a significant gap in psychiatric caregiving research. The TIBSCSM provides a structured framework for evaluating caregiver experiences, reinforcing the necessity of evidence-based interventions for those supporting individuals with schizophrenia and methamphetamine use. With further refinement and validation, this scale has the potential to improve clinical practice, inform policy development, and enhance caregiver well-being. Limitation and future directions As a pilot study, findings should be interpreted cautiously, acknowledging the limited sample size and population specificity. While the psychometric properties of the TIBSCSM demonstrate strong preliminary validity, further cross-cultural adaptation and large-scale validation are necessary. 6 Future research should assess the scale’s responsiveness over time, examining its effectiveness in detecting changes in caregiver burden following structured interventions. 25 Additionally, longitudinal studies will be essential in confirming the stability and predictive validity of the instrument. 11 Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information -Faculty of Nursing Thammasat University-Thammasat University Research Unit in the innovation of Mental Health and Behavioral Healthcare. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Data availability The underlying data for this article have been restricted for ethical and privacy reasons. Data may be requested by contacting the authors and access will be granted to researchers and reviewers. Acknowledgement I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Assistant Professor Dr. Kittisak Jangphanish of Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, for his invaluable expertise and support in data analysis. His contributions have been essential in enhancing the rigor and depth of this study. References 1. Imkome E-U, Waraassawapati K: Perspectives and Experiences of Primary Caregivers of Individuals with Schizophrenia in Thailand. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2018; 39 (10): 858–864. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Liu N, Zhang J: Experiences of caregivers of family member with schizophrenia in China: A qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020; (1): 201. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 3. Dijkxhoorn MA, Padmakar A, Jude N, et al. : Understanding caregiver burden from a long-term perspective: The Banyan model of caregiver experiences. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2019; 55 : 61–71. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 4. Yazar MS, Depçe AA, Balaban ÖD, et al. : The impact of alcohol and substance use by male patients with schizophrenia on burden, quality of life, anxiety, and depression levels of primary caregivers. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2017; 18 (1): 5–12. Publisher Full Text 5. Magliano L, et al. : Effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention for families of patients with schizophrenia: preliminary results of a study funded by the European Commission. World Psychiat. 2005; 4 : 45–49. PubMed Abstract | Free Full Text 6. Levene JE, Lancee WJ, Seeman MV: The perceived family burden scale: measurement and validation. Schizophr Res. 1996; 22 : 151–157. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 7. Tsai PA: Middle-range theory of caregiver stress. Nurs Sci Q. 2003; 16 : 137–145. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 8. Parabiaghi A, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, et al. : Predictors of changes in caregiving burden in people with schizophrenia: a 3-year follow-up study in a community mental health service. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007; 116 : 66. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 9. Di Sarno M, De Candia V, Rancati F, et al. : Mental and physical health in family members of substance users: A scoping review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021; 219 . PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. American Psychological Association: Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed.Washington, DC: Author; 2013. 11. Crocker LM, Algina J: Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; 1986. 12. Van der Linden, Hambleton: Handbook of modern item response theory. New York: Springer; 1997. 13. Hair JF: Multivariate data analysis. 8th ed.Prentice-Hall; 2019. 14. Cronbach LJ: Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 2010; 16 : 297–334. Publisher Full Text 15. DeVellis RF: Scale development: theory and applications. 4th ed.SAGE; 2017. 16. Arslan G, Yıldırım M, Ceyhan GA: A comparative study of the psychometric properties of the burden scale among caregivers of older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2020; 24 (4): 665–671. Publisher Full Text 17. Netemeyer R, Bearden WO, Sharma S: Scaling procedures: Issues and applications. SAGE; 2003. Publisher Full Text 18. Fornell C, Larcker DF: Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res. 1981; 18 (1): 39–50. Publisher Full Text 19. Ketchen D, Berg D: Research Methodology in Strategy and Management. Emerald Group Publishing; 2006. 20. Henseler J, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M: A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J Acad Mark Sci. 2014; 43 (1): 115–135. Publisher Full Text 21. Brunner M, Süß H: Analyzing the reliability of multidimensional measures: An example from intelligence research. Citeseerx; 2005. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu 22. Liu Y-C: Caregiving experience associated with unpaid carers of persons with schizophrenia: A scoping review. Soc. Work. Ment. Health. 2024; 22 (2): 219–245. Publisher Full Text 23. Caminiti M, Giesen C, Grieco V, et al. : Systematic review of burden & quality of life in caregivers of children with schizophrenia. Eur J Public Health. 2024; 34 (Supplement_3): ckae144.2258. Publisher Full Text 24. Kock N: From composites to factors: Bridging the gap between PLS and covariance-based structural equation modeling. Inf Syst J. 2019; 29 (3): 674–706. Publisher Full Text 25. Labrum T: Caregiving for Relatives with Psychiatric Disorders vs. Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatr Q. 2018; 89 : 631–644. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 4 VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 17 Jun 2021 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand Ek-uma Imkome Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information - Faculty of Nursing Thammasat University - Thammasat University Research Unit in the innovation of Mental Health and Behavioral Healthcare. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (4) version 4 Revised Published: 02 Jun 2025, 10:484 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.4 version 3 Revised Published: 22 Apr 2025, 10:484 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.3 version 2 Revised Published: 17 Feb 2022, 10:484 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.2 version 1 Published: 17 Jun 2021, 10:484 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.1 Copyright © 2025 Imkome Eu. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Imkome Eu. Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52288.4 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 4 VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 02 Jun 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Pitanupong J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389327 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4#referee-response-389327 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 10 Sep 2025 Jarurin Pitanupong , Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389327 Suitable for indexing. I have ... Continue reading READ ALL Suitable for indexing. I have no further comments to make. Thanks. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: psychiatry and palliative I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Pitanupong J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389327 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4#referee-response-389327 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Gunawan J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389326 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4#referee-response-389326 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 06 Jun 2025 Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389326 That's acceptable now if the authors remove ... Continue reading READ ALL That's acceptable now if the authors remove the results of CFA using the same dataset. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Nursing I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Gunawan J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389326 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4#referee-response-389326 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 22 Apr 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Pitanupong J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.155462.r385373 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v3#referee-response-385373 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 29 May 2025 Jarurin Pitanupong , Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.155462.r385373 The study presents a valuable tool for patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid substance abuse. However, to enhance the clarity and rigor of the manuscript, the authors should provide a clear definition of the term primary caregiver . The ... Continue reading READ ALL The study presents a valuable tool for patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid substance abuse. However, to enhance the clarity and rigor of the manuscript, the authors should provide a clear definition of the term primary caregiver . The manuscript relies solely on the patient's identification of this individual without offering objective criteria. It would be beneficial to include specific attributes, such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient's care, the duration and frequency of support provided, or their legal/official caregiving status, to ensure consistency and reproducibility in identifying primary caregivers across participants. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? No If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: psychiatry and palliative I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Pitanupong J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.155462.r385373 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v3#referee-response-385373 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 09 Aug 2025 Ek-uma Imkome , Faculty of mental health and psychiatric nursing, Thammasat University, Patuntane, 12120, Thailand 09 Aug 2025 Author Response Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the ... Continue reading Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient’s care, a minimum caregiving duration of at least one year, and their responsibility for accompanying the patient to outpatient services. These criteria align with the inclusion proposal of this study, which was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants. I believe these refinements will enhance the transparency, consistency, and reproducibility of caregiver identification in this version. Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient’s care, a minimum caregiving duration of at least one year, and their responsibility for accompanying the patient to outpatient services. These criteria align with the inclusion proposal of this study, which was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants. I believe these refinements will enhance the transparency, consistency, and reproducibility of caregiver identification in this version. Competing Interests: None. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 09 Aug 2025 Ek-uma Imkome , Faculty of mental health and psychiatric nursing, Thammasat University, Patuntane, 12120, Thailand 09 Aug 2025 Author Response Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the ... Continue reading Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient’s care, a minimum caregiving duration of at least one year, and their responsibility for accompanying the patient to outpatient services. These criteria align with the inclusion proposal of this study, which was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants. I believe these refinements will enhance the transparency, consistency, and reproducibility of caregiver identification in this version. Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient’s care, a minimum caregiving duration of at least one year, and their responsibility for accompanying the patient to outpatient services. These criteria align with the inclusion proposal of this study, which was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants. I believe these refinements will enhance the transparency, consistency, and reproducibility of caregiver identification in this version. Competing Interests: None. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 17 Feb 2022 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Koy V. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124128 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v2#referee-response-124128 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 24 Feb 2022 Virya Koy , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124128 Additional comments: Goodness of Fit Statistics TIBSCSM measurement model must be included, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI). Compare the before and after adjustment Relative Fit Index so ... Continue reading READ ALL Additional comments: Goodness of Fit Statistics TIBSCSM measurement model must be included, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI). Compare the before and after adjustment Relative Fit Index so readers will see how different before and after of the Index Values. Under the figure, author must provide Goodness of Fit Statistics, including all important Relative Fit Index. I think author should not keep Item No. 1 in construct "Physical function" because the Standard Loading Weight is lower than 0.70 (.581); it is the same Item No. 1 in construct "Self-esteem (.514))" Item No. 1 in Construct "Role and Social Enjoyment" Item No. 2 & 3 (.661 & .650 respectively) seem to be low. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Instrument developer I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Koy V. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124128 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v2#referee-response-124128 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Gunawan J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124129 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v2#referee-response-124129 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 18 Feb 2022 Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124129 The authors haven't provided any explanation about my previous comments. It is still unclear whether the authors used the same datasets/samples (142 participants) for PCA and CFA. I will not agree to use the same data for ... Continue reading READ ALL The authors haven't provided any explanation about my previous comments. It is still unclear whether the authors used the same datasets/samples (142 participants) for PCA and CFA. I will not agree to use the same data for both PCA and CFA, and the authors haven't provided rationales for this issue. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Nursing I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Gunawan J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124129 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v2#referee-response-124129 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 08 Mar 2022 Ek-uma Imkome , Faculty of mental health and psychiatric nursing, Thammasat University, Patuntane, 12120, Thailand 08 Mar 2022 Author Response I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent ... Continue reading I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent items and dimensions. The EFA aims to test whether the data fit a hypothesized measurement model that this paper applies to the theory of caregiver stress, based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The limitation of this study is the rare group, small number of samples, vulnerability group, illegal/criminal (methamphetamine use/drug use/violence), the social stigma of patient and family caregiver, and the high stage of stress and anxiety to get involved in the research from their history of drug use and criminal, a long period of time for 2-3 years to collect the data, difficult to finding cases, and spending more time (two-years) and research budget than the estimate. We respect the rules and research methodology for the reviewer comments, which is a concern for further study. I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent items and dimensions. The EFA aims to test whether the data fit a hypothesized measurement model that this paper applies to the theory of caregiver stress, based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The limitation of this study is the rare group, small number of samples, vulnerability group, illegal/criminal (methamphetamine use/drug use/violence), the social stigma of patient and family caregiver, and the high stage of stress and anxiety to get involved in the research from their history of drug use and criminal, a long period of time for 2-3 years to collect the data, difficult to finding cases, and spending more time (two-years) and research budget than the estimate. We respect the rules and research methodology for the reviewer comments, which is a concern for further study. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 08 Mar 2022 Ek-uma Imkome , Faculty of mental health and psychiatric nursing, Thammasat University, Patuntane, 12120, Thailand 08 Mar 2022 Author Response I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent ... Continue reading I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent items and dimensions. The EFA aims to test whether the data fit a hypothesized measurement model that this paper applies to the theory of caregiver stress, based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The limitation of this study is the rare group, small number of samples, vulnerability group, illegal/criminal (methamphetamine use/drug use/violence), the social stigma of patient and family caregiver, and the high stage of stress and anxiety to get involved in the research from their history of drug use and criminal, a long period of time for 2-3 years to collect the data, difficult to finding cases, and spending more time (two-years) and research budget than the estimate. We respect the rules and research methodology for the reviewer comments, which is a concern for further study. I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent items and dimensions. The EFA aims to test whether the data fit a hypothesized measurement model that this paper applies to the theory of caregiver stress, based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The limitation of this study is the rare group, small number of samples, vulnerability group, illegal/criminal (methamphetamine use/drug use/violence), the social stigma of patient and family caregiver, and the high stage of stress and anxiety to get involved in the research from their history of drug use and criminal, a long period of time for 2-3 years to collect the data, difficult to finding cases, and spending more time (two-years) and research budget than the estimate. We respect the rules and research methodology for the reviewer comments, which is a concern for further study. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 17 Jun 2021 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Gunawan J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r99304 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v1#referee-response-99304 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 15 Nov 2021 Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r99304 This study is important and the scale shows a good validity and reliability. Please note that my comments are not critics; just one-man opinion who needs to understand the authors' work. I only have one comment for ... Continue reading READ ALL This study is important and the scale shows a good validity and reliability. Please note that my comments are not critics; just one-man opinion who needs to understand the authors' work. I only have one comment for this study. It is unclear to me whether the authors used the same datasets/samples (142 participants) for PCA and CFA. Please explain it clearly. If the authors used the same data, I suggest them to remove all results of CFA, just focus on EFA or PCA. We can’t use both EFA/PCA and CFA with the same data. The reason for this is very simple. We explore factor(s) with EFA; on the other hand, we confirm latent structure/s of the scale with CFA. So, if we try to verify the factor(s) we discovered with EFA using the same data, CFA results will most likely give good fit indices because the same data will tend to conform to the structure(s) of the scale which is discovered with EFA. Or, if they have different dataset in hand, it is better to conduct another CFA with another data analysis. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Nursing I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Gunawan J. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r99304 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v1#referee-response-99304 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Koy V. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r93086 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v1#referee-response-93086 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 13 Sep 2021 Virya Koy , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r93086 Ek-Uma Imkome investigated the topic of Development and psychometric testing of the Thai impact and burden of care scale for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use. You are focusing on the development and assess the psychometric testing ... Continue reading READ ALL Ek-Uma Imkome investigated the topic of Development and psychometric testing of the Thai impact and burden of care scale for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use. You are focusing on the development and assess the psychometric testing the impact and burden of care among caregivers who provide care to schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use people. The author has tried to work hard to develop a new instrument with some scientific sections. Moreover, you found an instrument composed of four constructs as follows (1) physical function, (2) self-esteem, (3) role and social enjoyment, and (4) relationship satisfaction. The manuscript is certainly well written and attractive, but I have some major concerns about the instrument development process that prevents me to endorse its acceptance at the present stage. I see the main problems with the statistics that could have led to potentially wrong results and, thus, to completely misleading conclusions. Title: Current Title: Development and psychometric testing of the Thai impact and burden of care scale for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use. Suggestion: to develop and assess the psychometric property test on Burdened Care Caregiver Scale-Thai Version for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use. English: English language, grammar, and punctuation needs to be revised. Aim: The objective is not only development but includes assessment of psychometric proper also. The objective of the present study was to develop the Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM) and test its psychometric properties. Introduction: The author needs to use the concept of interest consistently, e.g. 'the burden of are' and 'care burden' The author needs to provide readers with the definition of the concept of interest. Your concept of interest is too long, can you make it short and precise? “The Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM) was developed to assess the impact on caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia”. It should be 'was developed and assessed' The author needs to provide the reason why you want to develop this new instrument, why don’t you use the previous instrument? Again, you need to provide the readers with different instruments that you believe are not applicable in the Thai context. Methods: Research design: It should be in 2 phases: first, develop what instrument? Second psychometric properties testing. This it will give readers to catch up well. Instrument development process: Based on DeVillis (2016) there are 7 steps to conduct instrument development. Authors need to explain each step therefore, readers can learn from your paper. The author missed a critical and necessary step “Generating and item pool”. I can’t understand how the author gets items. The interview may not get items for new instrument development. The author can use Delphi Technique or literature review to get enough items, I am not sure the interview can get items for a new instrument. The most important step, authors need to conduct a pilot test for readability, comprehensiveness, administrative feasibility, and scoring of the measures, and to identify logistical management issues. Missed preliminary item tryout, it leads to lack of quality instrument for the next step. You need to present CVI: Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) AND Content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave). Sample: There are 32 items, at least the author needs 160 participants, 142 is lower than the rule of instrument development. How did the author recruit 30 subjects for qualitative study and 142 for quantitative approach? The sampling technique is important, must be explained. A psychometric test involves multi-stage sampling process but not present it. Data analysis: It is a must need. Results: Missed presenting the CVI, it is really needed for a new instrument development. Missed The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explanation. There are 4 constructs (physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction) but not sure they are representing to the definition of the new instrument, what is impact and burden meant? The items are not reflected about impacts and burden of care. Discussion: Ideally, the author(s) discussed statistical analysis. Nevertheless, authors missed the discussion of each construct as the main study, authors need to explain each construct, such as physical function, self-esteem, role, social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction. The discussion can provide readers an understanding about the researcher's perspective because the researcher is the one who knows the meaning of each construct deeply. Limitations: I expected authors may provide limitations, both quantitative and qualitative. 142 sample are lower than the rule of a new instrument development, it needs to be discussed. Implication for nursing and research: The implication is the vital part that the researcher has to provide the instructions on how to use this new instrument in nursing practice, and it would provide any additional ideas for the following research. For instance, the TIBSCSM is a new tool developed in the Thai context, and it may replicate the studies to evaluate variations in TIBSCSM across settings if needed. Data needs to be re-analyzed based on the review items and generating item pool procedures to confirm results and conclusions, unless the author provides a comprehensively explanation on how to get full items before to proceed next scientific steps. A theoretical framework to the author needs to be addressed and guided for the instrument development process. The authors might want to consider also this for discussion. Lastly, I think that in the scenario generated based on DeVillis (2016) there are 7 steps to conduct instrument development. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Instrument developer I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Koy V. Reviewer Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r93086 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v1#referee-response-93086 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 4 VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 17 Jun 2021 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 4 (revision) 02 Jun 25 read read Version 3 (revision) 22 Apr 25 read Version 2 (revision) 17 Feb 22 read read Version 1 17 Jun 21 read read Virya Koy , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia Jarurin Pitanupong , Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Pitanupong J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 Sep 2025 | for Version 4 Jarurin Pitanupong , Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand 0 Views copyright © 2025 Pitanupong J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Suitable for indexing. I have no further comments to make. Thanks. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise psychiatry and palliative I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Pitanupong J. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389327) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4#referee-response-389327 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Gunawan J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 06 Jun 2025 | for Version 4 Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Gunawan J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions That's acceptable now if the authors remove the results of CFA using the same dataset. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Nursing I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Gunawan J. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183111.r389326) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4#referee-response-389326 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Pitanupong J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 29 May 2025 | for Version 3 Jarurin Pitanupong , Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand 0 Views copyright © 2025 Pitanupong J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The study presents a valuable tool for patients with schizophrenia and co-morbid substance abuse. However, to enhance the clarity and rigor of the manuscript, the authors should provide a clear definition of the term primary caregiver . The manuscript relies solely on the patient's identification of this individual without offering objective criteria. It would be beneficial to include specific attributes, such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient's care, the duration and frequency of support provided, or their legal/official caregiving status, to ensure consistency and reproducibility in identifying primary caregivers across participants. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? No If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise psychiatry and palliative I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 09 Aug 2025 Ek-uma Imkome, Faculty of mental health and psychiatric nursing, Thammasat University, Patuntane, 12120, Thailand Thank you for your valuable feedback. In response, I have further clarified the definition of primary caregiver by incorporating additional details in the Subjects section, including criteria such as the caregiver’s history of involvement in the patient’s care, a minimum caregiving duration of at least one year, and their responsibility for accompanying the patient to outpatient services. These criteria align with the inclusion proposal of this study, which was approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants. I believe these refinements will enhance the transparency, consistency, and reproducibility of caregiver identification in this version. View more View less Competing Interests None. reply Respond Report a concern Pitanupong J. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.155462.r385373) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v3#referee-response-385373 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2022 Koy V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 24 Feb 2022 | for Version 2 Virya Koy , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 0 Views copyright © 2022 Koy V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Additional comments: Goodness of Fit Statistics TIBSCSM measurement model must be included, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI). Compare the before and after adjustment Relative Fit Index so readers will see how different before and after of the Index Values. Under the figure, author must provide Goodness of Fit Statistics, including all important Relative Fit Index. I think author should not keep Item No. 1 in construct "Physical function" because the Standard Loading Weight is lower than 0.70 (.581); it is the same Item No. 1 in construct "Self-esteem (.514))" Item No. 1 in Construct "Role and Social Enjoyment" Item No. 2 & 3 (.661 & .650 respectively) seem to be low. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Instrument developer I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Koy V. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124128) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v2#referee-response-124128 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2022 Gunawan J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 18 Feb 2022 | for Version 2 Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2022 Gunawan J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The authors haven't provided any explanation about my previous comments. It is still unclear whether the authors used the same datasets/samples (142 participants) for PCA and CFA. I will not agree to use the same data for both PCA and CFA, and the authors haven't provided rationales for this issue. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Nursing I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 08 Mar 2022 Ek-uma Imkome, Faculty of mental health and psychiatric nursing, Thammasat University, Patuntane, 12120, Thailand I want to clarify that the researcher can use the same dataset because of the different objectives of the study and limitations. PCA aims to define the number of independent items and dimensions. The EFA aims to test whether the data fit a hypothesized measurement model that this paper applies to the theory of caregiver stress, based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The limitation of this study is the rare group, small number of samples, vulnerability group, illegal/criminal (methamphetamine use/drug use/violence), the social stigma of patient and family caregiver, and the high stage of stress and anxiety to get involved in the research from their history of drug use and criminal, a long period of time for 2-3 years to collect the data, difficult to finding cases, and spending more time (two-years) and research budget than the estimate. We respect the rules and research methodology for the reviewer comments, which is a concern for further study. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Gunawan J. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.121367.r124129) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v2#referee-response-124129 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2021 Gunawan J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 15 Nov 2021 | for Version 1 Joko Gunawan , Belitung Raya Foundation, Belitung, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2021 Gunawan J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This study is important and the scale shows a good validity and reliability. Please note that my comments are not critics; just one-man opinion who needs to understand the authors' work. I only have one comment for this study. It is unclear to me whether the authors used the same datasets/samples (142 participants) for PCA and CFA. Please explain it clearly. If the authors used the same data, I suggest them to remove all results of CFA, just focus on EFA or PCA. We can’t use both EFA/PCA and CFA with the same data. The reason for this is very simple. We explore factor(s) with EFA; on the other hand, we confirm latent structure/s of the scale with CFA. So, if we try to verify the factor(s) we discovered with EFA using the same data, CFA results will most likely give good fit indices because the same data will tend to conform to the structure(s) of the scale which is discovered with EFA. Or, if they have different dataset in hand, it is better to conduct another CFA with another data analysis. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Nursing I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Gunawan J. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r99304) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v1#referee-response-99304 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2021 Koy V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Sep 2021 | for Version 1 Virya Koy , Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 0 Views copyright © 2021 Koy V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Ek-Uma Imkome investigated the topic of Development and psychometric testing of the Thai impact and burden of care scale for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use. You are focusing on the development and assess the psychometric testing the impact and burden of care among caregivers who provide care to schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use people. The author has tried to work hard to develop a new instrument with some scientific sections. Moreover, you found an instrument composed of four constructs as follows (1) physical function, (2) self-esteem, (3) role and social enjoyment, and (4) relationship satisfaction. The manuscript is certainly well written and attractive, but I have some major concerns about the instrument development process that prevents me to endorse its acceptance at the present stage. I see the main problems with the statistics that could have led to potentially wrong results and, thus, to completely misleading conclusions. Title: Current Title: Development and psychometric testing of the Thai impact and burden of care scale for caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and co-occurring methamphetamine use. Suggestion: to develop and assess the psychometric property test on Burdened Care Caregiver Scale-Thai Version for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use. English: English language, grammar, and punctuation needs to be revised. Aim: The objective is not only development but includes assessment of psychometric proper also. The objective of the present study was to develop the Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM) and test its psychometric properties. Introduction: The author needs to use the concept of interest consistently, e.g. 'the burden of are' and 'care burden' The author needs to provide readers with the definition of the concept of interest. Your concept of interest is too long, can you make it short and precise? “The Thai version of the Impact and Burden of Care Scale for Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use (TIBSCSM) was developed to assess the impact on caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia”. It should be 'was developed and assessed' The author needs to provide the reason why you want to develop this new instrument, why don’t you use the previous instrument? Again, you need to provide the readers with different instruments that you believe are not applicable in the Thai context. Methods: Research design: It should be in 2 phases: first, develop what instrument? Second psychometric properties testing. This it will give readers to catch up well. Instrument development process: Based on DeVillis (2016) there are 7 steps to conduct instrument development. Authors need to explain each step therefore, readers can learn from your paper. The author missed a critical and necessary step “Generating and item pool”. I can’t understand how the author gets items. The interview may not get items for new instrument development. The author can use Delphi Technique or literature review to get enough items, I am not sure the interview can get items for a new instrument. The most important step, authors need to conduct a pilot test for readability, comprehensiveness, administrative feasibility, and scoring of the measures, and to identify logistical management issues. Missed preliminary item tryout, it leads to lack of quality instrument for the next step. You need to present CVI: Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) AND Content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave). Sample: There are 32 items, at least the author needs 160 participants, 142 is lower than the rule of instrument development. How did the author recruit 30 subjects for qualitative study and 142 for quantitative approach? The sampling technique is important, must be explained. A psychometric test involves multi-stage sampling process but not present it. Data analysis: It is a must need. Results: Missed presenting the CVI, it is really needed for a new instrument development. Missed The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explanation. There are 4 constructs (physical function, self-esteem, role and social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction) but not sure they are representing to the definition of the new instrument, what is impact and burden meant? The items are not reflected about impacts and burden of care. Discussion: Ideally, the author(s) discussed statistical analysis. Nevertheless, authors missed the discussion of each construct as the main study, authors need to explain each construct, such as physical function, self-esteem, role, social enjoyment, and relationship satisfaction. The discussion can provide readers an understanding about the researcher's perspective because the researcher is the one who knows the meaning of each construct deeply. Limitations: I expected authors may provide limitations, both quantitative and qualitative. 142 sample are lower than the rule of a new instrument development, it needs to be discussed. Implication for nursing and research: The implication is the vital part that the researcher has to provide the instructions on how to use this new instrument in nursing practice, and it would provide any additional ideas for the following research. For instance, the TIBSCSM is a new tool developed in the Thai context, and it may replicate the studies to evaluate variations in TIBSCSM across settings if needed. Data needs to be re-analyzed based on the review items and generating item pool procedures to confirm results and conclusions, unless the author provides a comprehensively explanation on how to get full items before to proceed next scientific steps. A theoretical framework to the author needs to be addressed and guided for the instrument development process. The authors might want to consider also this for discussion. Lastly, I think that in the scenario generated based on DeVillis (2016) there are 7 steps to conduct instrument development. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Instrument developer I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Koy V. Peer Review Report For: Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver Scale for Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Methamphetamine Use: A Pilot Study [version 4; peer review: 3 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 10 :484 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.55542.r93086) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v1#referee-response-93086 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Imkome Eu'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484", templates : { twitter : "Psychometric Evaluation of the Thai Version of the Burdened Caregiver.... Imkome Eu, published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/10-484/v4" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/52288/183111") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "183111"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "380807": 0, "380806": 0, "380813": 0, "380812": 0, "380809": 0, "380808": 0, "380811": 0, "380810": 0, "379795": 0, "379794": 0, "93085": 0, "93086": 21, "93484": 0, "389327": 5, "389326": 4, "389328": 0, "385373": 4, "385372": 0, "385375": 0, "385374": 0, "88026": 0, "385369": 0, "87901": 0, "95965": 0, "385368": 0, "95964": 0, "385371": 0, "87903": 0, "95967": 0, "385370": 0, "87902": 0, "95966": 0, "95969": 0, "124129": 35, "95968": 0, "124128": 22, "95971": 0, "95970": 0, "385377": 0, "385376": 0, "95972": 0, "99303": 0, "383341": 0, "99305": 0, "383340": 0, "99304": 21, "383343": 0, "383342": 0, "383349": 0, "383348": 0, "383345": 0, "383344": 0, "383347": 0, "383346": 0, "92030": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "fd0c9e18-c2fb-4d89-8c8e-fff7b431aa48"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });