Influence of Adjacent Undercut Line Positions on Surrounding Rock Stability in Block Caving

Influence of Adjacent Undercut Line Positions on Surrounding Rock Stability in Block Caving | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Influence of Adjacent Undercut Line Positions on Surrounding Rock Stability in Block Caving Yong Cao, Xinzhu Hua, Heng Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7639387/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the block caving mining method, deformation and collapse can occur in roadways due to vertical stress concentration in front of the undercut line. Therefore to better understand this behavior, we establish a mechanical model of two neighboring solidly-supported and two neighboring simply-supported stepped bottom space structures based on the theory of elastic sheets. From this we derive an approximate analytical formula of the bending deflection function and an expression of the stress distribution using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. This mechanical model is applied to control the stability of surrounding rock near the undercut advancement line in the Pulang Copper Mine in China, and optimize the positional relationship between adjacent undercut advancement lines. Our results demonstrate that the larger the difference between adjacent undercut advancing lines, the less stable the undercut horizontal roadway becomes. Moreover, the smaller the spacing between adjacent undercut roadways, the lower the stability of the surrounding rock near the undercut advancing line. The results of this study provide theoretical support and methodology for undercut line planning in block caving. Physical sciences/Engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences block caving vertically concentrated stress step form elastic thin plate perimeter rock stability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 27 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7639387","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":527062051,"identity":"bd8b0a69-d8bf-4acd-a051-51ac9d21422f","order_by":0,"name":"Yong 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Caving","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"block caving, vertically concentrated stress, step form, elastic thin plate, perimeter rock stability ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7639387/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7639387/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn the block caving mining method, deformation and collapse can occur in roadways due to vertical stress concentration in front of the undercut line. Therefore to better understand this behavior, we establish a mechanical model of two neighboring solidly-supported and two neighboring simply-supported stepped bottom space structures based on the theory of elastic sheets. From this we derive an approximate analytical formula of the bending deflection function and an expression of the stress distribution using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. This mechanical model is applied to control the stability of surrounding rock near the undercut advancement line in the Pulang Copper Mine in China, and optimize the positional relationship between adjacent undercut advancement lines. Our results demonstrate that the larger the difference between adjacent undercut advancing lines, the less stable the undercut horizontal roadway becomes. Moreover, the smaller the spacing between adjacent undercut roadways, the lower the stability of the surrounding rock near the undercut advancing line. The results of this study provide theoretical support and methodology for undercut line planning in block caving.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Influence of Adjacent Undercut Line Positions on Surrounding Rock Stability in Block Caving","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-13 10:54:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7639387/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-09T10:59:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-09T08:38:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T01:35:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"260550674046557682882712209129542733654","date":"2025-10-02T17:43:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"307534357363283752492898041372658150934","date":"2025-09-30T13:29:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T13:25:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T08:18:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T08:10:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-27T16:58:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-27T08:15:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ab6976c0-032e-4a4e-9740-39904f287952","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":56022089,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":56022090,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-01T16:02:08+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7639387","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28625-y","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-11-27 15:57:11","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 27th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-13 10:54:02","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-28625-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28625-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7639387","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7639387","identity":"rs-7639387","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}