The Effect of Intergenerational Life Satisfaction Levels on Attitudes Towards the Older Adults: The Case of Konya Province

The Effect of Intergenerational Life Satisfaction Levels on Attitudes Towards the Older Adults: The Case of Konya Province | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Effect of Intergenerational Life Satisfaction Levels on Attitudes Towards the Older Adults: The Case of Konya Province naciye esra koyuncu, Berna BAYIR This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123632/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective This research aimed to examine the effect of life satisfaction levels across four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Y, and Z) on their attitudes toward older people. Methods This cross-sectional and exploratory research was conducted in Konya, Türkiye. Data were collected online via Google Forms using a socio-demographic information form, the Adult Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Kogan Attitude Toward the Elderly Scale. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman correlation, and regression analyses, with significance levels set at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. Findings: Among the participants, 70.5% were aged 18–24, and 78.1% were women. No significant differences were found in attitudes toward the older adults based on demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). However, a weak but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between overall life satisfaction and attitudes toward older adults (r = 0.214; p = 0.002). Life satisfaction levels significantly differed according to participants’ educational status, income perception, and health condition (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that life satisfaction explained approximately 4.6% of the variance in attitudes toward the older adults. Conclusion The findings suggest that higher life satisfaction is associated with more positive attitudes toward older individuals. Educational status, income level, and health were identified as key factors influencing life satisfaction. Consequently, developing nursing and social interventions that enhance life satisfaction may help foster intergenerational understanding and promote more positive attitudes toward the older adults in society. Attitude towards the older adults Generations Intergenerational Life satisfaction 1. INTRODUCTION The world's population is ageing rapidly. Consequently, the number of individuals aged 65 and over is increasing much more rapidly than the number of individuals in any other age group. As of 2020, the number of individuals aged 65 and over worldwide has reached 728 million. Over the next 30 years, this number is expected to more than double, reaching 1.5 billion by 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2020 ). In our country, according to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), the proportion of the older adult population within the total population was 8.8 per cent in 2018, rising to 10.2 per cent in 2023. These figures are projected to be 12.9 per cent in 2030, 16.3 per cent in 2040, 22.6 per cent in 2060 and 25.6 per cent in 2080 (TurkStat, 2024a ). Ageing manifests differently across societies, affecting and being affected by social structures, with individuals losing their individuality due to economic, political, cultural and familial reasons within the society in which they live. With the diversification of living conditions, attitudes and behaviours towards old age have varied across societies, and the process of ageing and the perception of old age have changed according to each society or culture. Social perceptions and acceptances regarding old age, experiences of old age and definitions of old age construct old age socially, and societies' perspectives on the older adult are shaped accordingly (Alaydin, 2019 ). These beliefs and attitudes towards the older adult affect many social issues, including health. In the past, older adult individuals were seen as wise, experienced, guiding figures who added value to society through their experiences, whereas today they are seen as people who may require varying levels of support, experiencing reduced social engagement or emotional well-being and experiencing changes in physical or cognitive abilities. This societal perspective on the older adult causes them to isolate themselves from society and experience feelings of loneliness, negatively impacting their life satisfaction (Ozturk et al., 2020 ). Life satisfaction is among the important determinants of quality of life and overall well-being, and encompasses an individual's judgement of their quality of life and state of well-being. Life satisfaction is also influenced by various factors such as gender, health, age, educational status, income status, religion, environmental conditions, work life, marital status and social support (Ozgur et al., 2010 ). Older individuals with higher life satisfaction are more likely to comply with healthcare services (Yun et al., 2022 ). On the other hand, it is stated that older adult individuals who perceive negative social attitudes towards old age report lower life satisfaction and lower quality of life (Bratt & Fagerström, 2023 ). With the passage of time, and alongside the changes occurring in society due to the spread of industrialisation and urbanisation, older adults have taken on different social roles within society. In traditional societies, older adult individuals valued for their knowledge and experience maintain social respect, whereas in modern societies, this respect is increasingly challenged. This situation affects the social and biological integrity of the older adults (Cataloğlu, 2018 ). At the same time, with modern values replacing traditional ones, the older adults striving to maintain their current situation find it more difficult to adapt to life compared to the younger generation due to changing social values. This also leads to intergenerational conflict (Altunay & Ozkul, 2022 ). Generations have experienced significant changes from the past to the present. Individuals born between 1946 and 1964 are known as the Baby Boomer Generation, those born between 1965 and 1980 are known as Generation X, those born between 1981 and 1995 are known as Generation Y, and those born after 1996 are known as Generation Z (Guducu & Balci, 2015 ). When examining studies conducted at the national level, it is observed that research has been carried out on generations, but the results have not been linked to these generations' attitudes towards the older adults. These studies have mainly focused on ageing within specific generations (Kurtkapan, 2020 ; Sevim & Yildirim, 2023 ). In the future, negative attitudes towards the older adults may pose a significant public health problem by adversely affecting their health and well-being (Chang et al., 2020 ). Therefore, the research aimed to reveal the effect of the life satisfaction levels of four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z) on their attitudes towards the older adults. Research Questions: • Is there a significant difference between participants' life satisfaction and their attitudes towards the older adults based on their sociodemographic data? • Is there a significant difference between the attitudes of different generations towards the older adults and their levels of life satisfaction? Is there a relationship between participants' life satisfaction and their attitudes towards the older adults? 2. METHOD 2.1. Type of Research This cross-sectional correlational research was conducted between April and June 2025 in the Konya province. 2.2. Research Population and Sample The research population consisted of individuals from the Baby Boomer, X, Y, and Z generations living in three central districts of Konya province. Quota sampling, a non-probability method, was used. The minimum required sample size to achieve a 95% confidence level with a 0.05 margin of error was 181 in the G-Power analysis, which referenced the study by Gumusoglu & Tambag ( 2023 ) for the sample size of the research. During the research, it was aimed to reach 210 people by taking 20 per cent more than the sample size calculated considering the possibility of loss. Finally, 210 eligible and consenting individuals formed the research sample. 2.3. Dependent and Independent Variables of the Research The dependent variable of the research was attitudes towards the older adults, while the independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics and life satisfaction levels of the Baby Boomer, X, Y, and Z generations. 2.4. Inclusion Criteria for the Research : Being over 18 years of age, Residing in the province of Konya, Being able to communicate in Turkish, Being able to read and write. 2.5. Exclusion Criteria for the Research : Being over 79 years of age Having a health condition that impairs communication. 2.6. Data Collection Tools The data collection tools used in the research were the Sociodemographic Characteristics Data Form prepared by the researchers, Kogan's Attitude Scale Towards The Old People, and the Adults Life Satisfaction Scale. 2.6.1. Socio-demographic Characteristics Data Form The socio-demographic characteristics form, prepared by the researchers through a literature review (Gumusoglu & Tambag, 2023 ; Kaba et al., 2018 ; Kurtkapan, 2020 ; Sevim & Yildirim, 2023 ) consisted of nine multiple-choice questions. 2.6.2. Adult Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS) The Adult Life Satisfaction Scale was developed by Kaba et al. ( 2018 ) to measure the life satisfaction of adult individuals. There are a total of 21 items on the scale. The scale is designed as a five-point Likert-type rating scale (1 = not at all appropriate, 2 = not appropriate, 3 = somewhat appropriate, 4 = appropriate, 5 = completely appropriate). The ALSS comprises a five-factor structure, with the first factor being general life satisfaction (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6); the second factor being relationship satisfaction (items 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11); the third factor is self-satisfaction (items 12, 13, 14, and 15); the fourth factor is social environment satisfaction (items 16, 17, and 18); and the fifth factor is job satisfaction (items 19, 20, and 21). The minimum score that can be obtained from the ALSS is 21, and the maximum score is 105. A high score on the scale indicates that the individual has positive thoughts about their own life. The Cronbach's alpha value of the original scale is 0.89 ((Kaba et al., 2018 ). In this research, Cronbach's Alpha value was found to be 0.88. 2.6.3. Kogan's Attitude Scale Towards Old People Scale (KAOP) Kogan ( 1961 ) developed a 6-point Likert-type scale originally consisting of 34 items: 17 positive and 17 negative statements. Due to the structure of the scale, negative statements are scored from right to left as 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, while positive statements are scored from left to right as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The scores obtained from all items are added together to arrive at the total score. The scale, which has undergone a Turkish validity and reliability study by Kilic & Adibelli ( 2011 ) has been adapted to consist of 26 items (13 positive, 13 negative). The total score range on the scale is 26–156, with a high score indicating a positive attitude and a low score indicating a negative attitude. It has been stated that the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.81 (Kiliç & Adibelli, 2011). In this research, the Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.70. 2.7. Data Collection The data for this research was collected between April and June 2025 through face-to-face communication using an online link via Google Forms to reduce the carbon footprint. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research and their voluntary consent was obtained via the information form at the beginning of the questionnaire. Participants who had difficulty completing the questionnaire were assisted by researchers who read the questions aloud and facilitated their responses. On average, it took 10 minutes for each participant to complete the questionnaire. 2.8. Statistical Analysis of Data The data obtained from the research were evaluated using IBM SPSS V25 analysis. The normality of the data distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Where the assumption of normal distribution was met, the t-test for independent groups and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Quantitative data were presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, while qualitative data were expressed as frequency (percentage). Spearman's correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables, and linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect on the level of attitude towards the older adult individuals. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05. 2.9. Ethics in Research For this research, the necessary usage permissions were obtained from the authors of the relevant scales, and ethical approval was obtained from the XXX University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Decision no: 2024/034 Decision date: 07/03/2024). During the data collection phase, participants were informed about the purpose of the research and the voluntary nature of participation, and their consent to participate in the research was obtained. Throughout all stages of the research process, actions were taken in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. 3. RESULTS 70.5% of the participants in the research were aged 18–24, 78.1% were female, 67.6% had a university degree or higher, and 55.2% were single. 62.9% of participants were unemployed, 54.8% had an income equal to their expenses, 74.3% had social security, 49.5% perceived their general health as good, and 82.9% had no chronic illnesses. When comparing the demographic characteristics of participants with the mean and standard deviations of the Kogan Attitude Scale Towards The Old People, no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05; Table 1 ). Table 1 Comparison of Participants' Socio-Demographic Characteristics with the Kogan Attitude Scale Towards Old People Variables Frequency KAOP n % ‾X ± SD t/F p Age* 18–24 148 70.5 124.25 ± 20.37 0.549 0.649 25–44 28 13.3 124.70 ± 15.23 45–59 24 11.4 121.46 ± 13.82 60–78 10 4.8 123.30 ± 4.29 Gender Female 164 78.1 122.32 ± 14.62 0.039 0.950 Male 46 21.9 122.14 ± 15.15 Educational Status Primary education 21 10 128.52 ± 14.09 2.160 0.118 High School 47 22.4 121.06 ± 17.63 University and above 142 67.6 121.78 ± 13.57 Employment Status Working 78 37.1 121.79 ± 15.70 1.043 0.706 Not working 132 62.9 122.59 ± 14.12 Perceived Income Level Income is Less than Expenditure 61 29 123.83 ± 17.43 0.551 0.577 Income is Equal to Expenditure 115 54.8 121.40 ± 13.93 Income is More than Expenditure 34 16.2 122.55 ± 11.73 Marital Status Married 72 34.6 123.12 ± 15.87 0.257 0.773 Single 116 55.2 121.63 ± 13.98 Has a partner 22 10.5 123.04 ± 14.95 Social Security Yes 156 74.3 122.79 ± 14.51 0.013 0.404 No 54 25.7 120.85 ± 15.27 Perception of Overall Health Status Poor 6 2.9 126.83 ± 9.74 2.865 0.059 Average 100 47.6 124.52 ± 15.32 Good 104 49.5 119.89 ± 14.01 Chronic Disease Yes 36 17.1 122.91 ± 15.01 0.004 0.781 No 174 82.9 122.16 ± 14.67 In statistical analysis, n: Total Number of Participants; %: Percentage, minimum-maximum, ‾X ± SD: mean ± standard deviation, frequency values were used. p: significance test, t: t-test for independent groups; F: *Used for one-way ANOVA analyses. When examining the demographic data of participants alongside their Adults Life Satisfaction Scale scores, a significant difference was observed in educational status, income level, and overall health perception (p < 0.05). When the effect of these sociodemographic variables on life satisfaction was examined using post hoc analysis, it was observed that individuals with a university degree or higher, individuals whose income exceeded their expenses, and individuals who perceived their health as good had significantly higher life satisfaction (p < 0.05) (Table 2 ). Table 2 Comparison of Participants' Demographic Characteristics with Their Level of Adult Life Satisfaction Variables Frequency ALSS n % ‾X ± SD t/F p Age 18–24 148 70.5 75.35 ± 13.09 1.961 0.121 25–44 28 13.3 72.42 ± 13.21 45–59 24 11.4 11.84 ± 2.41 60–78 10 4.8 13.93 ± 4.40 Gender Female 164 78.1 74.98 ± 12.82 0.309 0.159 Male 46 21.9 78.06 ± 13.91 Education Primary a 21 10 77.28 ± 13.87 3.043 0.049 High school b 47 22.4 71.55 ± 14.83 University and above c 142 67.6 76.77 ± 12.16 c > b Employment Working 78 37.1 75.98 ± 11.93 1.912 0.780 Not working 132 62.9 75.46 ± 13.78 Income Perception Less than expense a 61 29 72.21 ± 14.29 4.346 0.014 Equal to expense b 115 54.8 76.14 ± 12.90 More than expense c 34 16.2 80.17 ± 9.83 c > a Marital Status Married 72 34.6 77.91 ± 12.68 2.492 0.085 Single 116 55.2 73.85 ± 13.45 Partner 22 10.5 77.77 ± 11.56 Social Security Yes 156 74.3 76.56 ± 13.15 0.025 0.088 No 54 25.7 73.03 ± 12.69 Poor a 6 2.9 73.16 ± 23.72 5.943 0.003 General Health Perception Moderate b 100 47.6 72.61 ± 11.22 Good c 104 49.5 78.73 ± 13.45 c > b Chronic Disease Yes 36 17.1 76.91 ± 12.48 0.457 0.528 No 174 82.9 75.39 ± 13.24 In statistical analysis, n: Total Number of Participants; %: Percentage, minimum-maximum, ‾X ± SD: mean ± standard deviation, frequency values were used. t: t-test for independent groups. The results of the analysis conducted to examine whether participants' attitudes towards the the older adults and their levels of life satisfaction differed across generations showed that the total scores on the Kogan Attitude Scale Towards Old People did not differ significantly across generations (F = 0.549; p = 0.649). According to this result, Generation Z (Mean = 124.25 ± 20.37), Generation Y (Mean = 124.70 ± 15.23), Generation X (Mean = 121.46 ± 13.82), and the Baby Boomers generation (Mean = 123.30 ± 4.29) did not differ significantly in terms of their attitudes towards the the older adults (Table 3 ). Table 3 Comparison of Kogan Attitude Towards the Old People Scale and Adult Life Satisfaction Scale Scores Across Generations Variables Kogan Attitude Towards the Old People Adult Life Satisfaction Scale Mean ± SD F p Mean ± SD F p Generation Z 124.25 ± 20.37 0.549 0.649 75.35 ± 13,09 1.961 0.121 Generation Y 124.70 ± 15.23 72.42 ± 13,21 Generation X 121.46 ± 13.82 81.00 ± 11,84 Baby Boomers 123.30 ± 4.29 76.40 ± 13,93 Mean ± SD (Mean ± Standard Deviation) According to the results of the Pearson correlation analysis conducted to examine the relationship between participants' adults life satisfaction and their attitudes towards the older adults, a positive and statistically significant relationship was found between the total score on the Adult Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS) and the total score on the Kogan Attitudes Towards Old People Scale (KAOP) (r = 0.214; p < 0.01). This finding indicates that as individuals' life satisfaction increases, their attitudes towards the older adults also tend to become more positive. Furthermore, high levels of positive and significant correlations were observed between the total ALSS score and its sub-dimensions (job satisfaction, overall life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, self-satisfaction, and social environment satisfaction) (all r values > 0.68; p < 0.01). This situation supports the multidimensional structure of life satisfaction. When examining the subscales of KAOP, a negative and low-level significant relationship was found between the positive and negative subscales (r = − 0.239; p < 0.01). This result showed that as individuals' positive attitudes towards the older adults increased, their negative attitudes decreased (Table 4 ). Table 4 Relationship Between Participants' Adult Life Satisfaction Scale Total and Subscale Scores and Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People Scale Total and Subscale Scores (n = 210) ALSS Job Satisfaction Overall Life Satisfaction Relationship Satisfaction Self-Satisfaction Social Environment Satisfaction KAOP KAOP Positive KAOP Negative ALSS 1 0.722** 0.737** 0.727** 0.735** 0.680** 0.214** 0.234** 0.142* Job Satisfaction 0.722** 1 0.476** 0.341** 0.397** 0.397** Overall Life Satisfaction 0.737** 0.476** 1 0.350** 0.386** 0.375** Relationship Satisfaction 0.727** 0.341** 0.350** 1 0.516** 0.354** Self-Satisfaction 0.735** 0.397** 0.386** 0.516** 1 0.408** Social Environment Satisfaction 0.680** 0.397** 0.375** 0.354** 0.408** 1 KAOP 0.214** 1 .618** .616** KAOP Positive 0.234** 0.618** 1 −0.239** KAOP Negative 0.142* 0.616** −0.239** 1 r: Pearson correlation analysis, *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01. When the effect of life satisfaction levels on attitudes towards the older adults was examined using regression analysis, the model was found to be significant (F = 10.013; p = 0.002). According to the regression model, the life satisfaction score explains approximately 4.6% of the attitude score towards the older adults (R² = 0.046). Looking at the regression coefficients, it can be seen that life satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on attitudes towards the older adults (B = 0.240; SE = 0.076; β = 0.214; t = 3.164; p = 0.002). This result indicates that a one-unit increase in participants' life satisfaction score leads to an approximate 0.240-unit increase in their attitude score towards the older adults (Table 5 ). Table 5 The Effect of Life Satisfaction Score on Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People B Se Z ß t p %95 Confidence Interval for β Lower Limit Upper Limit Model Constant 104.10 5.83 - 17.84 0.000 92,59 115.60 Adult Life Satisfaction 0.240 0.076 214 3.164 0.002 0.091 0.390 Model Significance: F = 10.013 p = 0.002; R 2 = .046; Adjusted R 2 : 0.41 β: Regression coefficient, SE: Standard error, zβ: Standardized regression coefficient, R 2 : Coefficient of determination. Bold sections indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05). 4. DISCUSSION The increasing ageing of societies necessitates that attitudes towards the older adults individuals be addressed within the context of intergenerational interaction (Donizzetti, 2019 ) The literature reports significant differences in perceptions and attitudes of different generations towards the older adults (Donizzetti, 2019 ; Hutchison, 2010 ; López-Hernández et al., 2021 ). However, this research did not find any significant differences between generations. The literature reports that individuals who have had positive experiences with the older adults relatives in the past tend to display more positive attitudes towards the older adults (López-Hernández et al., 2021 ). However, a study conducted with a group of people aged 70 and over revealed that discrimination against the older adults are most often perpetrated by the older adults themselves (Hellbusch et al., 1995 ). This situation may be one of the possible reasons explaining why no difference was found between generations in the current research. The transformation of family structures in Turkey also directly affects intergenerational interactions. In some regions, the persistence of extended family structures allows for continued daily contact with the older adults, while in regions where the nuclear family model is more widespread, the reduction in time spent with the older adults limits intergenerational communication (TurkStat, 2024b ). The literature indicates that young people who frequently interact with the older adult individuals develop more positive attitudes (Aday et al., 1991 ; Hutchison, 2010 ). Therefore, the absence of generational differences observed in this research can be explained by limited interaction due to the effects of social transformation, changes in family structure, and the reflection of the older adult's own attitudes in intergenerational perceptions. Research findings reveal significant differences between participants' demographic characteristics and their Adult Life Satisfaction Scale scores. Increased life satisfaction strengthens individuals' self-esteem and positive outlook on life (Cakar & Karatas, 2017 ). The research revealed that factors such as educational status, perceived income level and general health perception are important determinants of adults life satisfaction. These findings are consistent with the existing literatu.re (Choi et al., 2023 ; Durand-Sanchez et al., 2023 ; Papi & Cheraghi, 2021 ; Park, 2022 ). The research found that participants with university-level education and above, as well as high-income participants, had higher life satisfaction scores. Diener et al. ( 2013 ), noted that educational level has a significant effect on life satisfaction and stated that individuals with higher levels of education perceive their quality of life to be higher. The results of a study by Park ( 2022 ) examining life satisfaction among the older adult individuals indicate that both educational attainment and income level affect life satisfaction, while another study by Choi et al. ( 2023 ) states that income level affects life satisfaction. The findings from this research reveal that life satisfaction is influenced by sociodemographic variables such as education and income, and this is supported by the literature. In this regard, it can be interpreted that life satisfaction may have been affected, based on the assumption that individuals with a higher level of education are better able to evaluate opportunities in their lives and have greater knowledge regarding access to social resourcesThe effect of perceived income level on life satisfaction demonstrates how economic factors shape individuals' overall perception of happiness and contentment. Similarly, Nakamura et al. ( 2022 ) reported that income level has a significant impact on life satisfaction. Therefore, it is thought that as individuals' incomes increase, they find it less difficult to meet their basic needs, and this situation raises their life satisfaction. Another finding from the research is that general health perception is a factor affecting life satisfaction. Health status can shape overall life satisfaction by directly affecting individuals' daily activities and social interactions. The effect of positive health perception on life satisfaction is also reported positively in studies by Durand-Sanchez et al. ( 2023 ) and Kim et al. ( 2021 ). The research findings support this strong relationship between health and life satisfaction. This finding also suggests that intergenerational perceptions of health affect life satisfaction, making them an important factor in understanding intergenerational interactions and attitudes towards the older adults. When the findings were evaluated according to the level of attitude towards the older adults, no significant difference was found between the participants' demographic characteristics and their Kogan’s Attitude Scale for Old People scores. It is thought that this may be due to the research group consisting largely of young adults (aged 18–24) and individuals with a high level of education. It is also thought that the fact that the majority of participants perceived their health status as good and did not have any chronic illnesses may have influenced this result. Contrary to the research findings, there was also a study in the literature indicating that young individuals' attitudes towards the older adults were more positive (Turkyilmaz et al., 2024 ). In a study conducted by Low et al. ( 2013 ), it was stated that having a chronic illness in individuals was associated with deteriorating health and negatively affected their attitude towards ageing. Therefore, the health status and chronic disease experiences of younger adults generations can be considered an important factor shaping their attitudes towards the older adults; it is thought that these health-based differences in intergenerational comparisons may lead to diversity in attitudes. The regression analysis revealed that increased life satisfaction was associated with a more positive attitude towards the older adults. However, the explanatory power of the variable was limited. This suggests that other factors influencing attitudes towards the older adults may also play a role. According to the findings of North & Fiske ( 2015 ), while one might expect attitudes towards the the older adults to be more positive in more traditional societies such as those in Asia and the East, the study's findings reported the opposite outcome. A study conducted in Poland found that individuals of different ages reported moderate life satisfaction levels, but their attitudes towards the older adults were negative (Krajewska-Kułak et al., 2021 ). Similarly, a study conducted byYao et al. ( 2018 ) indicated that negative behaviours perceived by the older adults towards themselves negatively affect life satisfaction. Considering all these findings, it can be said that attitudes towards the older adults are influenced not only by life satisfaction but also by cultural differences, social structure and levels of individualisation. In this respect, the research contributes to the literature on intergenerational attitudes towards the older adults in the Turkish context and indicates that sociocultural factors need to be examined more comprehensively in future research. 5. Conclusions and Recommendations This research examined the effect of life satisfaction levels across four generations on their attitudes towards the older adults. It revealed that increased life satisfaction significantly influenced more positive attitudes towards the older adult individuals. However, the limited power of life satisfaction in explaining attitudes towards the older adults shows that perceptions of the older adults are shaped not only by individual well-being but also by multidimensional variables such as cultural values, social norms, family structure and intergenerational interaction. While more positive attitudes towards the older adults are expected in traditional societies, the findings of this research call this generalisation into question. In light of the results obtained, nursing education should focus on cultural differences in the older adults individuals; awareness should be raised regarding the role of the older adults in society and how they are perceived. Furthermore, community-based health policies should be structured in a way that prevents negative attitudes towards the older adult individuals and supports intergenerational solidarity. Future research examining the factors influencing attitudes towards the older adults in greater depth and using qualitative methods will contribute to understanding the belief and value systems underlying individuals' attitudes. 6. Limitations of the Research As this research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and the sample was limited to the province of Konya, the generalisability of the results is restricted. The fact that the majority of participants were young people limited intergenerational comparisons. As the data were collected via self-report, responses may have been influenced by social desirability. Furthermore, the collection of only quantitative data made it difficult to gain an in-depth understanding of the underlying reasons for attitudes towards the older adults. Declarations Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The study was conducted independently by the author without external financial support. Author Contribution Both authors contributed equally to all aspects of the study.Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Collection, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, and Project Administration: Naciye Esra Koyuncu and Berna Bayır.Both authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all participants who generously shared their time and experiences for this study. Special thanks are extended to the experts who provided valuable feedback during the development of the data collection tools and to the colleagues who supported the data collection process. The authors also acknowledge the contribution of the Ethics Committee of XXX University for their guidance and approval. Data Availability Due to ethical and privacy considerations, the data collected in this study include personal and sensitive participant information and therefore cannot be shared publicly. In accordance with the informed consent provided to participants, the data are to be used solely for research purposes and will not be disclosed or distributed to third parties. References Aday, R. H., Sims, C. R., & Evans, E. (1991). Youth’s Attitudes Toward the Elderly: The Impact of Intergenerational Partners. The Journal of Applied Gerontology , 10 (3), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346489101000310 ;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER. Alaydin, N. N. (2019). Studies on old age in graduate dissertations in Turkey: A content-analysis study. Elderly Issues Research Journal (EIRJ) , 12 (1), 60–72. http://dergipark.gov.tr/yasad Altunay, Z., & Ozkul, M. (2022). 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(2020). Global reach of ageism on older persons’ health: A systematic review. PLOS ONE , 15 (1), e0220857. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0220857 Choi, Y. K., Joshanloo, M., Lee, J. H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. P., & Song, J. (2023). Understanding Key Predictors of Life Satisfaction in a Nationally Representative Sample of Koreans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023 , 20 (18), 6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH20186745 . 20 . Diener, E., Inglehart, R., & Tay, L. (2013). Theory and Validity of Life Satisfaction Scales. Social Indicators Research , 112 (3), 497–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11205-012-0076-Y Donizzetti, A. R. (2019). Ageism in an Aging Society: The Role of Knowledge, Anxiety about Aging, and Stereotypes in Young People and Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 16 (8), 1329. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH16081329 Durand-Sanchez, E., Ruiz-Alvarado, C., Contreras-Valderrama, R., Morales-García, W. C., Mamani-Benito, O., Huancahuire-Vega, S., Saintila, J., Morales-García, M., & Ruiz Mamani, P. G. (2023). Sociodemographic Aspects and Healthy Behaviors Associated With Perceived Life Satisfaction in Health Professionals. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health , 14 . https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319221148332 Guducu, B., & Balci, C. (2015). A Sociological Analysis on Generations and Education. Aydın Human and Society Journal , 7 (1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.17932/IAU.AIT.2015.012/ait_v07i1005 Gumusoglu, F., & Tambag, H. (2023). Examining nurses’ attitudes and care behaviours towards elderly patients. JOHUFON , 10 (3), 256–263. https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.1155733 Hellbusch, J. S., Corbin, D. E., Thorson, J. A., & Stacy, R. D. (1995). Physician’s attitudes towards aging. Gerontology and Geriatrics Education , 15 (2), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1300/J021V15 N02_06;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER. Hutchison, C. B. P. (2010). Contact, Anxiety, and Young People’s Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions Towards the Elderly. Educational Gerontology , 36 (6), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903324362 Kaba, İ., Erol, M., & Güç, K. (2018). Development of adults life satisfaction scale. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences , 18 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18037/AUSBD.550232 Kilic, D., & Adibelli, D. (2011). The validity and reliability of Kogan’s attitude towards old people scale in the Turkish society. Health , 3 (9), 602–608. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2011.39101 Kim, E. S., Delaney, S. W., Tay, L., Chen, Y., Diener, E., & Vanderweele, T. J. (2021). Life Satisfaction and Subsequent Physical, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Health in Older Adults. Milbank Quarterly , 99 (1), 209–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12497 ;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:14680009;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER. Kogan, N. (1961). Attitudes toward old people: the development of a scale and an examination of correlates. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 (1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/H0048053 Krajewska-Kułak, E., Cybulski, M., Aniśko, P., & Popławska, M. (2021). Age differences in attitudes towards older people in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 18 (13), 6869. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18136869/S1 Kurtkapan, H. (2020). Attitudes of generation Y towards old age and aging: The case of Nevşehir. Elderly Issues Research Journal , 13 (1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.46414/YASAD.691177 López-Hernández, L., Martínez-Arnau, F. M., Castellano-Rioja, E., Botella-Navas, M., & Pérez-Ros, P. (2021). Factors affecting attitudes towards older people in undergraduate nursing students. Healthcare (Switzerland) , 9 (9). https://doi.org/10.3390/HEALTHCARE9091231 Low, G., Molzahn, A. E., & Schopflocher, D. (2013). Attitudes to aging mediate the relationship between older peoples’ subjective health and quality of life in 20 countries. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 11 (1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-146/TABLES/4 Nakamura, J. S., Delaney, S. W., Diener, E., VanderWeele, T. J., & Kim, E. S. (2022). Are all domains of life satisfaction equal? Differential associations with health and well-being in older adults. Quality of Life Research , 31 (4), 1043–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11136-021-02977-0/TABLES/3 North, M. S., & Fiske, S. T. (2015). Modern attitudes toward older adults in the aging world: A cross-cultural meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin , 141 (5), 993–1021. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0039469 Ozgur, G., Gumus Babacan, A., & Durdu, B. (2010). Life satisfaction of university students living at home or in the dormitory. Journal of Psychiatric Nurses , 1 (1), 25–32. Ozturk, S., Kanbay, Y., Firat, M., Akcam, A., & Demir, B. (2020). An ınvestigation of the belief about old age and factors affecting the belief about old age. Journal of Geriatric Science , 3 (3), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.47141/geriatrik.697257 Papi, S., & Cheraghi, M. (2021). Multiple factors associated with life satisfaction in older adults. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny , 20 (2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.5114/PM.2021.107025 Park, C. (2022). Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction by Gender and Age of Middle-aged and Elderly. Korean Gerontology Association , 42 (4), 855–871. https://doi.org/10.31888/JKGS.2022.42.4.855 Sevim, S. S., & Yildirim, S. (2023). Assessment of perceptions of aging and age-related perspectives of different generation students. Western Anatolia Journal of Educational Sciences , 14 (1), 83–105. https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1209130 TurkStat (2024a). Turkish Statistical Institute . Erişim Tarihi: 16.08.2025. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2023-53710#:~:text=T%C3%9C%C4%B0K%20Kurumsal&text=Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1%20n%C3%BCfus%20olarak%20kabul%20edilen , 10%2C2’ye%20y%C3%BCkseldi. TurkStat (2024b). Turkish Statistical Institute . https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Aile-2024-53898 Turkyilmaz, A., Ongoren, B., & Aydemir, I. (2024). Analysis of Students Approaches and Attitudes towards Ageing and the Elderly. International Journal of Gerontology , 18 (4), 236–240. https://doi.org/10.6890/IJGE.202410_18(4).0007 United Nations Department of Economic and Social, & Affairs, P. D. (2020). https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2020_pf_government_policies_population_ageing.pdf Erişim Tarihi : 16.07.2024. Yao, J., Yang, L., Han, X., & Li, Y. (2018). Perceived discrimination and life satisfaction of elderly Chinese people: The chain mediating effects of national identity and sense of community. Frontiers in Psychology , 9 (DEC), 407828. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2018.02572/BIBTEX Yun, I., Kim, H., Park, E. C., & Jang, S. Y. (2022). Association of perceived life satisfaction with attitudes toward life-sustaining treatment among the elderly in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Palliative Care , 21 (1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12904-022-01072-6/TABLES/3 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 18 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 19 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 19 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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13:19:37","extension":"html","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":145337,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8123632/v1/7eee79033b813f5d68f90846.html"},{"id":97677828,"identity":"1d38207f-4e54-4d6e-933e-dee632a846db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 09:54:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1290594,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8123632/v1/646b1388-6947-441c-846b-a37af619a4b9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Effect of Intergenerational Life Satisfaction Levels on Attitudes Towards the Older Adults: The Case of Konya Province","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe world's population is ageing rapidly. Consequently, the number of individuals aged 65 and over is increasing much more rapidly than the number of individuals in any other age group. As of 2020, the number of individuals aged 65 and over worldwide has reached 728\u0026nbsp;million. Over the next 30 years, this number is expected to more than double, reaching 1.5\u0026nbsp;billion by 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). In our country, according to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), the proportion of the older adult population within the total population was 8.8 per cent in 2018, rising to 10.2 per cent in 2023. These figures are projected to be 12.9 per cent in 2030, 16.3 per cent in 2040, 22.6 per cent in 2060 and 25.6 per cent in 2080 (TurkStat, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024a\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgeing manifests differently across societies, affecting and being affected by social structures, with individuals losing their individuality due to economic, political, cultural and familial reasons within the society in which they live. With the diversification of living conditions, attitudes and behaviours towards old age have varied across societies, and the process of ageing and the perception of old age have changed according to each society or culture. Social perceptions and acceptances regarding old age, experiences of old age and definitions of old age construct old age socially, and societies' perspectives on the older adult are shaped accordingly (Alaydin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). These beliefs and attitudes towards the older adult affect many social issues, including health. In the past, older adult individuals were seen as wise, experienced, guiding figures who added value to society through their experiences, whereas today they are seen as people who may require varying levels of support, experiencing reduced social engagement or emotional well-being and experiencing changes in physical or cognitive abilities. This societal perspective on the older adult causes them to isolate themselves from society and experience feelings of loneliness, negatively impacting their life satisfaction (Ozturk et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLife satisfaction is among the important determinants of quality of life and overall well-being, and encompasses an individual's judgement of their quality of life and state of well-being. Life satisfaction is also influenced by various factors such as gender, health, age, educational status, income status, religion, environmental conditions, work life, marital status and social support (Ozgur et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Older individuals with higher life satisfaction are more likely to comply with healthcare services (Yun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, it is stated that older adult individuals who perceive negative social attitudes towards old age report lower life satisfaction and lower quality of life (Bratt \u0026amp; Fagerstr\u0026ouml;m, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). With the passage of time, and alongside the changes occurring in society due to the spread of industrialisation and urbanisation, older adults have taken on different social roles within society. In traditional societies, older adult individuals valued for their knowledge and experience maintain social respect, whereas in modern societies, this respect is increasingly challenged. This situation affects the social and biological integrity of the older adults (Cataloğlu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). At the same time, with modern values replacing traditional ones, the older adults striving to maintain their current situation find it more difficult to adapt to life compared to the younger generation due to changing social values. This also leads to intergenerational conflict (Altunay \u0026amp; Ozkul, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Generations have experienced significant changes from the past to the present. Individuals born between 1946 and 1964 are known as the Baby Boomer Generation, those born between 1965 and 1980 are known as Generation X, those born between 1981 and 1995 are known as Generation Y, and those born after 1996 are known as Generation Z (Guducu \u0026amp; Balci, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). When examining studies conducted at the national level, it is observed that research has been carried out on generations, but the results have not been linked to these generations' attitudes towards the older adults. These studies have mainly focused on ageing within specific generations (Kurtkapan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Sevim \u0026amp; Yildirim, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). In the future, negative attitudes towards the older adults may pose a significant public health problem by adversely affecting their health and well-being (Chang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, the research aimed to reveal the effect of the life satisfaction levels of four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z) on their attitudes towards the older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch Questions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Is there a significant difference between participants' life satisfaction and their attitudes towards the older adults based on their sociodemographic data?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Is there a significant difference between the attitudes of different generations towards the older adults and their levels of life satisfaction?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eIs there a relationship between participants' life satisfaction and their attitudes towards the older adults?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. METHOD","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Type of Research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional correlational research was conducted between April and June 2025 in the Konya province.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.2. Research Population and Sample\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research population consisted of individuals from the Baby Boomer, X, Y, and Z generations living in three central districts of Konya province. Quota sampling, a non-probability method, was used. The minimum required sample size to achieve a 95% confidence level with a 0.05 margin of error was 181 in the G-Power analysis, which referenced the study by Gumusoglu \u0026amp; Tambag (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) for the sample size of the research. During the research, it was aimed to reach 210 people by taking 20 per cent more than the sample size calculated considering the possibility of loss. Finally, 210 eligible and consenting individuals formed the research sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3. Dependent and Independent Variables of the Research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dependent variable of the research was attitudes towards the older adults, while the independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics and life satisfaction levels of the Baby Boomer, X, Y, and Z generations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.4. Inclusion Criteria for the Research\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeing over 18 years of age,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResiding in the province of Konya,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeing able to communicate in Turkish,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeing able to read and write.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.5. Exclusion Criteria for the Research\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeing over 79 years of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaving a health condition that impairs communication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.6. Data Collection Tools\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data collection tools used in the research were the Sociodemographic Characteristics Data Form prepared by the researchers, Kogan's Attitude Scale Towards The Old People, and the Adults Life Satisfaction Scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.6.1. Socio-demographic Characteristics Data Form\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe socio-demographic characteristics form, prepared by the researchers through a literature review (Gumusoglu \u0026amp; Tambag, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Kaba et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Kurtkapan, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Sevim \u0026amp; Yildirim, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) consisted of nine multiple-choice questions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.6.2. Adult Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS)\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Adult Life Satisfaction Scale was developed by Kaba et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) to measure the life satisfaction of adult individuals. There are a total of 21 items on the scale. The scale is designed as a five-point Likert-type rating scale (1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;not at all appropriate, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;not appropriate, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;somewhat appropriate, 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;appropriate, 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;completely appropriate). The ALSS comprises a five-factor structure, with the first factor being general life satisfaction (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6); the second factor being relationship satisfaction (items 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11); the third factor is self-satisfaction (items 12, 13, 14, and 15); the fourth factor is social environment satisfaction (items 16, 17, and 18); and the fifth factor is job satisfaction (items 19, 20, and 21). The minimum score that can be obtained from the ALSS is 21, and the maximum score is 105. A high score on the scale indicates that the individual has positive thoughts about their own life. The Cronbach's alpha value of the original scale is 0.89 ((Kaba et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). In this research, Cronbach's Alpha value was found to be 0.88.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.6.3. Kogan's Attitude Scale Towards Old People Scale (KAOP)\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKogan (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e) developed a 6-point Likert-type scale originally consisting of 34 items: 17 positive and 17 negative statements. Due to the structure of the scale, negative statements are scored from right to left as 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, while positive statements are scored from left to right as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The scores obtained from all items are added together to arrive at the total score. The scale, which has undergone a Turkish validity and reliability study by Kilic \u0026amp; Adibelli (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) has been adapted to consist of 26 items (13 positive, 13 negative). The total score range on the scale is 26\u0026ndash;156, with a high score indicating a positive attitude and a low score indicating a negative attitude. It has been stated that the Cronbach Alpha value is 0.81 (Kili\u0026ccedil; \u0026amp; Adibelli, 2011). In this research, the Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.70.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.7. Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data for this research was collected between April and June 2025 through face-to-face communication using an online link via Google Forms to reduce the carbon footprint. Participants were informed about the purpose of the research and their voluntary consent was obtained via the information form at the beginning of the questionnaire. Participants who had difficulty completing the questionnaire were assisted by researchers who read the questions aloud and facilitated their responses. On average, it took 10 minutes for each participant to complete the questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.8. Statistical Analysis of Data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data obtained from the research were evaluated using IBM SPSS V25 analysis. The normality of the data distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Where the assumption of normal distribution was met, the t-test for independent groups and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Quantitative data were presented as arithmetic mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation, while qualitative data were expressed as frequency (percentage). Spearman's correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables, and linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect on the level of attitude towards the older adult individuals. The statistical significance level was set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01 and p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.9. Ethics in Research\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor this research, the necessary usage permissions were obtained from the authors of the relevant scales, and ethical approval was obtained from the XXX University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Decision no: 2024/034 Decision date: 07/03/2024). During the data collection phase, participants were informed about the purpose of the research and the voluntary nature of participation, and their consent to participate in the research was obtained. Throughout all stages of the research process, actions were taken in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003e70.5% of the participants in the research were aged 18\u0026ndash;24, 78.1% were female, 67.6% had a university degree or higher, and 55.2% were single. 62.9% of participants were unemployed, 54.8% had an income equal to their expenses, 74.3% had social security, 49.5% perceived their general health as good, and 82.9% had no chronic illnesses. When comparing the demographic characteristics of participants with the mean and standard deviations of the Kogan Attitude Scale Towards The Old People, no significant differences were observed (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Participants' Socio-Demographic Characteristics with the Kogan Attitude Scale Towards Old People\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAOP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003en\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e%\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026oline;X\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et/F\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.549\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.649\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u0026ndash;59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.950\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducational Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.160\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.118\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh School\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity and above\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmployment Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot working\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerceived Income Level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome is Less than Expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.551\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.577\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome is Equal to Expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome is More than Expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.257\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHas a partner\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.404\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e120.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePerception of Overall Health Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e126.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.865\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e119.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChronic Disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.781\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eIn statistical analysis, n: Total Number of Participants; %: Percentage, minimum-maximum, \u0026oline;X\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD: mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation, frequency values were used. p: significance test, t: t-test for independent groups; F: *Used for one-way ANOVA analyses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen examining the demographic data of participants alongside their Adults Life Satisfaction Scale scores, a significant difference was observed in educational status, income level, and overall health perception (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). When the effect of these sociodemographic variables on life satisfaction was examined using post hoc analysis, it was observed that individuals with a university degree or higher, individuals whose income exceeded their expenses, and individuals who perceived their health as good had significantly higher life satisfaction (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Participants' Demographic Characteristics with Their Level of Adult Life Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eALSS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003en\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e%\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026oline;X\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003et/F\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.961\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u0026ndash;59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.309\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.043\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.049\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity and above \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ec\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;b\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmployment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.912\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.780\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot working\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome Perception\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLess than expense \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.346\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.014\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEqual to expense \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than expense \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ec\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;a\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.492\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.085\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePartner\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocial Security\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoor \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.943\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeneral Health Perception\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eModerate \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ec\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;b\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChronic Disease\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.457\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.528\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eIn statistical analysis, n: Total Number of Participants; %: Percentage, minimum-maximum, \u0026oline;X\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD: mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation, frequency values were used. t: t-test for independent groups.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of the analysis conducted to examine whether participants' attitudes towards the the older adults and their levels of life satisfaction differed across generations showed that the total scores on the Kogan Attitude Scale Towards Old People did not differ significantly across generations (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.549; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.649). According to this result, Generation Z (Mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;124.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.37), Generation Y (Mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;124.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.23), Generation X (Mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;121.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.82), and the Baby Boomers generation (Mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;123.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.29) did not differ significantly in terms of their attitudes towards the the older adults (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of Kogan Attitude Towards the Old People Scale and Adult Life Satisfaction Scale Scores Across Generations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKogan Attitude Towards the Old People\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdult Life Satisfaction Scale\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeneration Z\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.549 0.649\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13,09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.961 0.121\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeneration Y\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13,21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeneration X\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBaby Boomers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13,93\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD (Mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;Standard Deviation)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to the results of the Pearson correlation analysis conducted to examine the relationship between participants' adults life satisfaction and their attitudes towards the older adults, a positive and statistically significant relationship was found between the total score on the Adult Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS) and the total score on the Kogan Attitudes Towards Old People Scale (KAOP) (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.214; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). This finding indicates that as individuals' life satisfaction increases, their attitudes towards the older adults also tend to become more positive. Furthermore, high levels of positive and significant correlations were observed between the total ALSS score and its sub-dimensions (job satisfaction, overall life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, self-satisfaction, and social environment satisfaction) (all r values\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.68; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). This situation supports the multidimensional structure of life satisfaction. When examining the subscales of KAOP, a negative and low-level significant relationship was found between the positive and negative subscales (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.239; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01). This result showed that as individuals' positive attitudes towards the older adults increased, their negative attitudes decreased (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship Between Participants' Adult Life Satisfaction Scale Total and Subscale Scores and Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People Scale Total and Subscale Scores (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;210)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eALSS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJob Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall Life Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRelationship Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf-Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSocial Environment Satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAOP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAOP Positive\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAOP Negative\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eALSS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.722**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.737**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.727**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.735**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.680**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.214**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.234**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.142*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJob Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.722**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.476**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.341**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.397**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.397**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOverall Life Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.737**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.476**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.350**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.386**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.375**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRelationship Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.727**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.341**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.350**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.516**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.354**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSelf-Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.735**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.397**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.386**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.516**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.408**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial Environment Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.680**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.397**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.375**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.354**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.408**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKAOP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.214**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.618**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.616**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAOP Positive\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.234**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.618**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;0.239**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKAOP Negative\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.142*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.616**\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;0.239**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"14\"\u003er: Pearson correlation analysis, *: p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; **: p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the effect of life satisfaction levels on attitudes towards the older adults was examined using regression analysis, the model was found to be significant (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.013; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). According to the regression model, the life satisfaction score explains approximately 4.6% of the attitude score towards the older adults (R\u0026sup2; = 0.046). Looking at the regression coefficients, it can be seen that life satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on attitudes towards the older adults (B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.240; SE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.076; β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.214; t\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.164; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). This result indicates that a one-unit increase in participants' life satisfaction score leads to an approximate 0.240-unit increase in their attitude score towards the older adults (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Effect of Life Satisfaction Score on Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKogan Attitudes Toward Old People\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSe\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZ \u0026szlig;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%95 Confidence Interval for β\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLower Limit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpper Limit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eModel\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConstant\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e104.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92,59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdult Life Satisfaction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.076\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.164\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.390\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eModel Significance: F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.013 p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002; R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.046; Adjusted R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e: 0.41 β: Regression coefficient, SE: Standard error, zβ: Standardized regression coefficient, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e: Coefficient of determination. Bold sections indicate statistically significant results (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe increasing ageing of societies necessitates that attitudes towards the older adults individuals be addressed within the context of intergenerational interaction (Donizzetti, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) The literature reports significant differences in perceptions and attitudes of different generations towards the older adults (Donizzetti, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Hutchison, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; L\u0026oacute;pez-Hern\u0026aacute;ndez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). However, this research did not find any significant differences between generations. The literature reports that individuals who have had positive experiences with the older adults relatives in the past tend to display more positive attitudes towards the older adults (L\u0026oacute;pez-Hern\u0026aacute;ndez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). However, a study conducted with a group of people aged 70 and over revealed that discrimination against the older adults are most often perpetrated by the older adults themselves (Hellbusch et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e). This situation may be one of the possible reasons explaining why no difference was found between generations in the current research.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe transformation of family structures in Turkey also directly affects intergenerational interactions. In some regions, the persistence of extended family structures allows for continued daily contact with the older adults, while in regions where the nuclear family model is more widespread, the reduction in time spent with the older adults limits intergenerational communication (TurkStat, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024b\u003c/span\u003e). The literature indicates that young people who frequently interact with the older adult individuals develop more positive attitudes (Aday et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e; Hutchison, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, the absence of generational differences observed in this research can be explained by limited interaction due to the effects of social transformation, changes in family structure, and the reflection of the older adult's own attitudes in intergenerational perceptions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch findings reveal significant differences between participants' demographic characteristics and their Adult Life Satisfaction Scale scores. Increased life satisfaction strengthens individuals' self-esteem and positive outlook on life (Cakar \u0026amp; Karatas, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). The research revealed that factors such as educational status, perceived income level and general health perception are important determinants of adults life satisfaction. These findings are consistent with the existing literatu.re (Choi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Durand-Sanchez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Papi \u0026amp; Cheraghi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Park, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe research found that participants with university-level education and above, as well as high-income participants, had higher life satisfaction scores. Diener et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), noted that educational level has a significant effect on life satisfaction and stated that individuals with higher levels of education perceive their quality of life to be higher. The results of a study by Park (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) examining life satisfaction among the older adult individuals indicate that both educational attainment and income level affect life satisfaction, while another study by Choi et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) states that income level affects life satisfaction. The findings from this research reveal that life satisfaction is influenced by sociodemographic variables such as education and income, and this is supported by the literature. In this regard, it can be interpreted that life satisfaction may have been affected, based on the assumption that individuals with a higher level of education are better able to evaluate opportunities in their lives and have greater knowledge regarding access to social resourcesThe effect of perceived income level on life satisfaction demonstrates how economic factors shape individuals' overall perception of happiness and contentment. Similarly, Nakamura et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) reported that income level has a significant impact on life satisfaction. Therefore, it is thought that as individuals' incomes increase, they find it less difficult to meet their basic needs, and this situation raises their life satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother finding from the research is that general health perception is a factor affecting life satisfaction. Health status can shape overall life satisfaction by directly affecting individuals' daily activities and social interactions. The effect of positive health perception on life satisfaction is also reported positively in studies by Durand-Sanchez et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and Kim et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The research findings support this strong relationship between health and life satisfaction. This finding also suggests that intergenerational perceptions of health affect life satisfaction, making them an important factor in understanding intergenerational interactions and attitudes towards the older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the findings were evaluated according to the level of attitude towards the older adults, no significant difference was found between the participants' demographic characteristics and their Kogan\u0026rsquo;s Attitude Scale for Old People scores. It is thought that this may be due to the research group consisting largely of young adults (aged 18\u0026ndash;24) and individuals with a high level of education. It is also thought that the fact that the majority of participants perceived their health status as good and did not have any chronic illnesses may have influenced this result. Contrary to the research findings, there was also a study in the literature indicating that young individuals' attitudes towards the older adults were more positive (Turkyilmaz et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). In a study conducted by Low et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), it was stated that having a chronic illness in individuals was associated with deteriorating health and negatively affected their attitude towards ageing. Therefore, the health status and chronic disease experiences of younger adults generations can be considered an important factor shaping their attitudes towards the older adults; it is thought that these health-based differences in intergenerational comparisons may lead to diversity in attitudes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe regression analysis revealed that increased life satisfaction was associated with a more positive attitude towards the older adults. However, the explanatory power of the variable was limited. This suggests that other factors influencing attitudes towards the older adults may also play a role. According to the findings of North \u0026amp; Fiske (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), while one might expect attitudes towards the the older adults to be more positive in more traditional societies such as those in Asia and the East, the study's findings reported the opposite outcome. A study conducted in Poland found that individuals of different ages reported moderate life satisfaction levels, but their attitudes towards the older adults were negative (Krajewska-Kułak et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, a study conducted byYao et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) indicated that negative behaviours perceived by the older adults towards themselves negatively affect life satisfaction. Considering all these findings, it can be said that attitudes towards the older adults are influenced not only by life satisfaction but also by cultural differences, social structure and levels of individualisation. In this respect, the research contributes to the literature on intergenerational attitudes towards the older adults in the Turkish context and indicates that sociocultural factors need to be examined more comprehensively in future research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions and Recommendations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research examined the effect of life satisfaction levels across four generations on their attitudes towards the older adults. It revealed that increased life satisfaction significantly influenced more positive attitudes towards the older adult individuals. However, the limited power of life satisfaction in explaining attitudes towards the older adults shows that perceptions of the older adults are shaped not only by individual well-being but also by multidimensional variables such as cultural values, social norms, family structure and intergenerational interaction. While more positive attitudes towards the older adults are expected in traditional societies, the findings of this research call this generalisation into question.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn light of the results obtained, nursing education should focus on cultural differences in the older adults individuals; awareness should be raised regarding the role of the older adults in society and how they are perceived. Furthermore, community-based health policies should be structured in a way that prevents negative attitudes towards the older adult individuals and supports intergenerational solidarity. Future research examining the factors influencing attitudes towards the older adults in greater depth and using qualitative methods will contribute to understanding the belief and value systems underlying individuals' attitudes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. Limitations of the Research","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs this research was conducted using a cross-sectional design and the sample was limited to the province of Konya, the generalisability of the results is restricted. The fact that the majority of participants were young people limited intergenerational comparisons. As the data were collected via self-report, responses may have been influenced by social desirability. Furthermore, the collection of only quantitative data made it difficult to gain an in-depth understanding of the underlying reasons for attitudes towards the older adults.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The study was conducted independently by the author without external financial support.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth authors contributed equally to all aspects of the study.Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Collection, Formal Analysis, Writing \u0026ndash; Original Draft, Writing \u0026ndash; Review \u0026amp; Editing, Visualization, Supervision, and Project Administration: Naciye Esra Koyuncu and Berna Bayır.Both authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all participants who generously shared their time and experiences for this study. Special thanks are extended to the experts who provided valuable feedback during the development of the data collection tools and to the colleagues who supported the data collection process. The authors also acknowledge the contribution of the Ethics Committee of XXX University for their guidance and approval.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue to ethical and privacy considerations, the data collected in this study include personal and sensitive participant information and therefore cannot be shared publicly. In accordance with the informed consent provided to participants, the data are to be used solely for research purposes and will not be disclosed or distributed to third parties.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAday, R. H., Sims, C. R., \u0026amp; Evans, E. (1991). 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Perceived discrimination and life satisfaction of elderly Chinese people: The chain mediating effects of national identity and sense of community. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Psychology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e9\u003c/em\u003e(DEC), 407828. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2018.02572/BIBTEX\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/FPSYG.2018.02572/BIBTEX\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYun, I., Kim, H., Park, E. C., \u0026amp; Jang, S. Y. (2022). Association of perceived life satisfaction with attitudes toward life-sustaining treatment among the elderly in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003eBMC Palliative Care\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e21\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/S12904-022-01072-6/TABLES/3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/S12904-022-01072-6/TABLES/3\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ageing-international","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"agin","sideBox":"Learn more about [Ageing International](http://link.springer.com/journal/12126)","snPcode":"12126","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12126/3","title":"Ageing International","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Attitude towards the older adults, Generations, Intergenerational, Life satisfaction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123632/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123632/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research aimed to examine the effect of life satisfaction levels across four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Y, and Z) on their attitudes toward older people.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional and exploratory research was conducted in Konya, T\u0026uuml;rkiye. Data were collected online via Google Forms using a socio-demographic information form, the Adult Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Kogan Attitude Toward the Elderly Scale. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman correlation, and regression analyses, with significance levels set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 and p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFindings:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the participants, 70.5% were aged 18\u0026ndash;24, and 78.1% were women. No significant differences were found in attitudes toward the older adults based on demographic characteristics (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, a weak but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between overall life satisfaction and attitudes toward older adults (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.214; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). Life satisfaction levels significantly differed according to participants\u0026rsquo; educational status, income perception, and health condition (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Regression analysis indicated that life satisfaction explained approximately 4.6% of the variance in attitudes toward the older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings suggest that higher life satisfaction is associated with more positive attitudes toward older individuals. Educational status, income level, and health were identified as key factors influencing life satisfaction. Consequently, developing nursing and social interventions that enhance life satisfaction may help foster intergenerational understanding and promote more positive attitudes toward the older adults in society.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Effect of Intergenerational Life Satisfaction Levels on Attitudes Towards the Older Adults: The Case of Konya Province","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-05 13:19:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123632/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-18T13:31:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"6797541377872716938920850138756828655","date":"2026-01-28T22:03:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-19T09:13:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"40011087839263817168056697542191831788","date":"2025-12-08T08:52:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-03T14:29:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-19T08:49:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-19T08:47:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Ageing International","date":"2025-11-15T17:38:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ageing-international","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"agin","sideBox":"Learn more about [Ageing International](http://link.springer.com/journal/12126)","snPcode":"12126","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12126/3","title":"Ageing International","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1db19082-465a-4ef0-82ae-f04329e1be3e","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-05T13:19:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-05 13:19:32","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8123632","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8123632","identity":"rs-8123632","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}