A Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Strategy Based on the IRBMO-VP&O Algorithm

A Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Strategy Based on the IRBMO-VP&O Algorithm | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Strategy Based on the IRBMO-VP&O Algorithm Xiangao Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7374249/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Under partial shading conditions (PSC), the Power-Voltage (P-V) output curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple peaks. To address this, this paper introduces a hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy called the improved red-billed blue magpie optimization algorithm combined with a variable-step perturb and observe algorithm (IRBMO-VP&O) of the exponential decay. This strategy merges an improved red-billed blue magpie optimization (IRBMO) algorithm with a variable-step perturb and observe (VP&O) method. It incorporates Lévy flight and an individual diversity mechanism to boost its global search ability. Additionally, it uses adaptive step-size fine-tuning for better tracking accuracy and a restart mechanism triggered by sudden power changes, enhancing its adaptability to dynamic environments. MATLAB/Simulink simulations compare the proposed algorithm with GWO, PSO, RIME, SSA, IGWO-VINC, PSO-P&O, RBMO, IRBMO, INC, and P&O. Under static shading conditions, IRBMO-VP&O outperformed others by reducing average convergence time by 52.99% and increasing tracking accuracy by 4.06% compared to eight other algorithms. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Photovoltaic (PV) array Partial shading Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) Red-billed blue magpie optimization (RBMO) Lévy flight Hybrid algorithm Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 21 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7374249","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":507848789,"identity":"e9280a74-fe4e-4aa9-aea6-8c433f44592d","order_by":0,"name":"Xiangao Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAuElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYGBn5m5sMPSNMi2c6WZkCaFoPzPAoSRKk2uJH8gOHnjrrEzYd5GAwYamyiCWs5c8yAsfcMW+K2w7wHHjAcS8ttIKTF7HiDATNjGw9QC1+CAWPDYSK0HGb/ANQikbi5mcdAgjgtx3tAthgkbmAmVov9mTMFjL1tCcYzDgMDOYEYv0jOSN/A8LOtTra///DhBx9qbAhrAQL2H3BmAhHKR8EoGAWjYBQQAQD+Ej2r19YZSAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Chuzhou University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiangao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-14 13:23:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7374249/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7374249/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-43400-3","type":"published","date":"2026-03-10T15:59:32+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104739896,"identity":"8a4222f1-3110-4dbb-b022-8b26e70f2d04","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-16 16:13:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1400037,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscripts.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7374249/v1_covered_f2828f03-2cad-4e7b-8f50-393a197da3bf.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Strategy Based on the IRBMO-VP\u0026O Algorithm","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Photovoltaic (PV) array, Partial shading, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), Red-billed blue magpie optimization (RBMO), Lévy flight, Hybrid algorithm","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7374249/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7374249/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUnder partial shading conditions (PSC), the Power-Voltage (P-V) output curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array shows multiple peaks. 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