Energy consumption estimation of a local blockchain implementation for an energy community

Energy consumption estimation of a local blockchain implementation for an energy community | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Energy consumption estimation of a local blockchain implementation for an energy community Amira Dhorbani, Dhaker Abbes, Matthieu Stephant, Antoine Labrunie, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711171/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract An innovative approach to optimizing energy exchanges within an energy community is introduced through the implementation of a local blockchain. User privacy is protected, and comprehensive distributed optimization is ensured without the need for third-party intervention. Optimization is conducted using an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. This algorithm operates within the blockchain environment to facilitate consensus among users. Python clients, working within the blockchain, are employed for the local optimization of power profiles. Furthermore, a smart contract is deployed on the blockchain, acting as a critical tool to ensure that global constraints are adhered to. This approach underscores the pivotal role of blockchain in enabling distributed optimization and consensus within an energy community. Simulations are conducted to compare two distinct consensus mechanisms: Proof of Work and Proof of Authority. The energy consumption of the overall blockchain environment is measured and compared to a centralized situation. Findings indicate that for a limited number of nodes, both Proof of Work and Proof of Authority exhibit similar energy consumption levels. Compared to a centralized solution and specifically, for eight users, energy consumption of the blockchain is found to be 47% more. The research suggests that for a larger number of nodes, a local blockchain could potentially be more energy-efficient than a centralized solution for optimization. This insight presents a promising direction for the large-scale development of blockchain-based energy exchange mechanisms. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4711171","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":339420432,"identity":"980f874c-b029-4a0b-a891-aa95af4f08f5","order_by":0,"name":"Amira Dhorbani","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYgwZzAwMADpA1swGIGDAwSRGtJY2BgI6gFDGBaGA6DteAF/NMOt334wWCdxy999uDngoLzcgb3GxiKeXdYyDOwHz66AYsWiduJzTN7GNKLJfvykqVnGNw2lmxjYDDmPSNh2MCTlnYDmzVALUAnHU7ccIbHQJrH4HZiPxtIS5sEY4MEjxk2LfJALYx/IFqMf/MYnKtvg2qxx6UFaGwzM9QWM6AtBxL4oVoScWkxBGmRMUhPnNnDl2bNY5BsOLMtscFwbptEchsOv8jdTn/M+KbCOrGfh/fwbZ4/dvIGhw8fM3jbVmfbz374GFbvQ5yHwmNsA/MJxQ8KYH5AiupRMApGwSgY9gAAH2RZ/jMPNdUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"École Centrale de Lille","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amira","middleName":"","lastName":"Dhorbani","suffix":""},{"id":339420433,"identity":"d390ebdd-462a-4561-bd87-a01a8fa62b69","order_by":1,"name":"Dhaker Abbes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Lille","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dhaker","middleName":"","lastName":"Abbes","suffix":""},{"id":339420434,"identity":"3699607c-7d5d-4757-bee0-005b25030c75","order_by":2,"name":"Matthieu Stephant","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Lille","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Matthieu","middleName":"","lastName":"Stephant","suffix":""},{"id":339420435,"identity":"6e89cdb0-3289-4071-9dde-f595b30f6e76","order_by":3,"name":"Antoine Labrunie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Antoine","middleName":"","lastName":"Labrunie","suffix":""},{"id":339420436,"identity":"0f1f38a5-2f9f-4fdd-894f-5fb99d6f05b7","order_by":4,"name":"Benoît Robyns","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"JUNIA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benoît","middleName":"","lastName":"Robyns","suffix":""},{"id":339420437,"identity":"65a7363b-7788-4af8-b2da-64e26424c466","order_by":5,"name":"Kahina Hassam-Ouari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"JUNIA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kahina","middleName":"","lastName":"Hassam-Ouari","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-09 10:14:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711171/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711171/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64118208,"identity":"545d4893-76d4-4b6f-9872-c78fdcbdf240","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-07 14:17:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":550013,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Energyconsumptionestimationofalocalblockchainimplementationforanenergycommunityfinalversion4.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4711171/v1_covered_01df8940-e9cb-49e9-ac2f-a5263fddf08f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Energy consumption estimation of a local blockchain implementation for an energy community","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711171/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4711171/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"An innovative approach to optimizing energy exchanges within an energy community is introduced through the implementation of a local blockchain. 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