Energy dissipation and dilation processes of rock mass under incremental cyclic loading and unloading

Energy dissipation and dilation processes of rock mass under incremental cyclic loading and unloading | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Energy dissipation and dilation processes of rock mass under incremental cyclic loading and unloading Bin Wang, Jiebing Zhu, Zhihao Jin, Dongdong Xu, Yujie Zhu, Zijin Guo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5885051/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 19 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The deterioration of the mechanical properties of rock mass in underground engineering due to energy dissipation and microfracture accumulation under cyclic loading and unloading (CLU) has become a hot research topic in recent years. In order to elucidate the relationship between energy dissipation and the dilation processes, an incremental CLU mode is proposed and employed in triaxial tests in this paper. First, the methods and the procedures of the test were proposed to enhance the success rate, and the triaxial tests under incremental CLU were performed at confining pressures ranging from 0 MPa to 50 MPa. Second, the damage variables were defined and calculated from the perspective of energy dissipation, and the relationships between the damage variables and the energy parameters, as well as principal strains (plastic strain and plastic shear strain) were analyzed in detail. Third, a two-parameter shear dilation angle model was established under different confining pressures. The results show that the hysteresis loop is very dense before the stress reaches the proportional limit under each stage of CLU, and the hysteresis loops rapidly expand when they approach the failure point; the failure mode in conventional uniaxial compression is tensile failure, the failure mode in the uniaxial test with incremental CLU is X-type shear failure, and the failure mode in the triaxial test with incremental CLU is shear dilatation failure mode; the energy dissipation rates for single loading and unloading showed a “U” shaped trend as the number of the CLU increased; the dilation angle is not constant in the failure process of rock mass for triaxial tests, the dilation angle first experiences a nonlinear rapid increase to a certain peak value and then gradually decays. Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences Physical sciences/Engineering rock mechanics incremental cyclic loading and unloading triaxial test energy dissipation damage variable principal strain dilation angle Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 19 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 14 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5885051","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":448611274,"identity":"c5e16bab-7532-4dd7-90a3-cb3c1afbf3d1","order_by":0,"name":"Bin Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bin","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":448611277,"identity":"b2e6a446-f3f5-4433-a8de-3469944638e2","order_by":1,"name":"Jiebing 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In order to elucidate the relationship between energy dissipation and the dilation processes, an incremental CLU mode is proposed and employed in triaxial tests in this paper. First, the methods and the procedures of the test were proposed to enhance the success rate, and the triaxial tests under incremental CLU were performed at confining pressures ranging from 0 MPa to 50 MPa. Second, the damage variables were defined and calculated from the perspective of energy dissipation, and the relationships between the damage variables and the energy parameters, as well as principal strains (plastic strain and plastic shear strain) were analyzed in detail. Third, a two-parameter shear dilation angle model was established under different confining pressures. The results show that the hysteresis loop is very dense before the stress reaches the proportional limit under each stage of CLU, and the hysteresis loops rapidly expand when they approach the failure point; the failure mode in conventional uniaxial compression is tensile failure, the failure mode in the uniaxial test with incremental CLU is X-type shear failure, and the failure mode in the triaxial test with incremental CLU is shear dilatation failure mode; the energy dissipation rates for single loading and unloading showed a \u0026ldquo;U\u0026rdquo; shaped trend as the number of the CLU increased; the dilation angle is not constant in the failure process of rock mass for triaxial tests, the dilation angle first experiences a nonlinear rapid increase to a certain peak value and then gradually decays.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Energy dissipation and dilation processes of rock mass under incremental cyclic loading and unloading","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-29 06:36:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5885051/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-02T05:19:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-27T12:37:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"12530313629548872317787874129944990841","date":"2025-04-27T08:00:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-27T06:12:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"185887723673283663290609414064008876931","date":"2025-04-27T05:03:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-27T00:28:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-24T05:25:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-04-14T08:29:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"40b3b267-bb71-48a1-a155-b26ed6ed29af","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":47740434,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"},{"id":47740435,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-26T16:03:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5885051","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02146-0","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-19 15:58:10","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 19th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-29 06:36:18","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-02146-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02146-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5885051","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5885051","identity":"rs-5885051","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}