Physiotherapy and Physical Activity in Endometriosis-Associated Pain - A Literature Review

Aim: This narrative review aims to evaluate the current scientific evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapy and physical activity in reducing pain and improving quality of life in women with endometriosis. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify English-language studies published between 2013 and 2024. The search included terms such as “endometriosis”, “physiotherapy”, “exercise”, and “chronic pelvic pain”. The review included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and clinical guidelines addressing the use of non-pharmacological interventions in endometriosis management. Results: The analysis indicates that various physiotherapeutic techniques, including pelvic floor muscle training, manual therapy, and relaxation strategies, may alleviate pain symptoms, especially in cases of superficial dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain. Regular physical activity, such as aerobic or stretching exercises, may support hormonal balance, reduce systemic inflammation, and contribute to improved mental health. However, the available evidence is heterogeneous, and methodological limitations of existing studies hinder definitive conclusions. Conclusion: Physiotherapy and physical activity represent promising adjunctive approaches in the treatment of endometriosis, particularly for patients who experience insufficient relief from pharmacological or surgical therapies. Further high-quality, controlled studies are required to establish standardized treatment protocols and confirm the long-term effectiveness of these interventions.