Chronic Pelvic Pain, Endometriosis

In: Encyclopedia of Pain · 2013 · pp. 639–644 · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_707 · W4252406209
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Endometriosis is defined as endometrial glands and stroma located outside the uterine cavity, sometimes accompanied by hemosiderin-laden macrophages.

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This encyclopedia entry studies chronic pelvic pain in the context of endometriosis by defining endometriosis as ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity and describing related diagnostic cautions, such as the fact that hemosiderin-laden macrophages alone do not confirm endometriosis. It provides background and terminology, cites historical attribution of the term to Sampson (1921), and references a broad range of endometriosis-focused clinical studies and treatment trials to illustrate the field. The entry’s limitation is that it is descriptive and definitional rather than presenting new patient-level methods or results of an original study. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it provides a definition and clinical-context discussion within the broader topic of chronic pelvic pain.

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Synonyms Definition Endometriosis is the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma, that is, endometrium located outside the endometrial cavity (Fig. 1). Occasionally only endometrial glands are present in cases of endometriosis. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages may be present also, but their solitary presence without endometrial glands or stroma does not confirm endometriosis. Sampson first applied the name “endometriosis” to ectopic endometrium in 1921 (Sampson 1921). Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only References Barbieri, R. L. (1990). Etiology and epidemiology of endometriosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 162, 565–567. Barbieri, R. L., Evans, S., & Kistner, R. W. (1982). Danazol in the treatment of endometriosis: Analysis of 100 cases with 4-year follow-up. Fertility and Sterility, 37, 737–746. Bergqvist, A., Bergh, T., Hogstrom, L., et al. (1998). Effects of triptorelin versus placebo on the symptoms of endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 69, 702–708. Candiani, G. B., Fedele, L., Vercellini, P., et al. (1992). Presacral neurectomy for the treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: A controlled study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167, 100–103. Cornillie, F. J., Oosterlynck, D., Lauweryns, J. M., et al. (1990). Deeply infiltrating pelvic endometriosis: Histology and clinical significance. Fertility and Sterility, 53, 978–983. Greenblatt, R. B., Dmowski, W. P., Mahesh, V. B., et al. (1971). Clinical studies with an antigonadotropin – Danazol. Fertility and Sterility, 22, 102–112. Hornstein, M. D., Hemmings, R., Yuzpe, A. A., et al. (1997). Use of nafarelin versus placebo after reductive laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 68, 860–864. Hornstein, M. D., Surrey, E. S., Weisberg, G. W., et al. (1998). Leuprolide acetate depot and hormonal add-back in endometriosis: A 12-month study. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91, 16–24. Howard, F. M. (1993). The role of laparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain: Promise and pitfalls. Obstetrics Gynecology Survey, 48, 357–387. Howard, F. M. (1994). Laparoscopic evaluation and treatment of women with chronic pelvic pain. Journal of America Association Gynecology Laparoscopic, 1, 325–331. Kennedy, S. H., Williams, I. A., Brodribb, J., et al. (1990). A comparison of nafarelin acetate and danazol in the treatment of endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 53, 998–1003. Lanzone, A., Marane, R., Muscatello, R., et al. (1991). Serum Ca-125 levels in the diagnosis and management of endometriosis. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 36, 603. Namnoum, A. B., Hickman, T. N., Goodman, S. B., et al. (1995). Incidence of symptom recurrence after hysterectomy for endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 64, 898–902. Parazzini, F., Fedele, L., Busacca, M., et al. (1994). Postsurgical medical treatment of advanced endometriosis: Results of a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 171, 1205–1207. Sampson, J. A. (1921). Perforating hemorrhagic (chocolate) cysts of the ovary. Archives of Surgery, 3, 245. Sutton, C. J. G., Ewen, S. P., Whitelaw, N., et al. (1994). Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of laser laparoscopy in the treatment of pelvic pain associated with minimal, mild, and moderate endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 62, 696–700. Sutton, C., Pooley, A. S., Jones, K. D., et al. (2001). A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation in the treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Gynaecologiae Endoscopy, 10, 217–222. Telimaa, S., Ronnberg, L., & Kauppila, A. (1987). Placebo-controlled comparison of danazol and high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis after conservative surgery. Gynecological Endocrinology, 1, 363–371. The Gestrinone Italian Study Group. (1996). Gestrinone versus a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. Fertility and Sterility, 66, 911–919. Vercellini, P., Aimi, G., Busacca, M., et al. (2003). Laparoscopic uterosacral ligament resection for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: Results of a randomized, controlled trial. Fertility and Sterility, 80, 310–319. Vercellini, P., Bocciolone, L., Vendola, N., et al. (1991). Peritoneal endometriosis: Morphologic appearance in women with chronic pelvic pain. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 36, 533. Vercellini, P., Trespidi, L., Colombo, A., et al. (1993). A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility, 60, 75–79. Vernon, M. W., Beard, J. S., Graves, K., et al. (1985). Classification of endometriotic implants by morphological appearance and capacity to synthesize prostaglandin F. Fertility and Sterility, 46, 801–806. Wheeler, J. M., Knittle, J. D., & Miller, J. D. (1992). Depot leuprolide versus danazol in treatment of women with symptomatic endometriosis. I. Efficacy results. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 167, 1367–1371. Zullo, F., Palomba, S., Zupi, E., et al. (2003). Effectiveness of presacral neurectomy in women with severe dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis who were treated with laparoscopic conservative surgery: A 1-year prospective randomized double-blind trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189, 5–10. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg About this entry Cite this entry Howard, F.M. (2013). Chronic Pelvic Pain, Endometriosis. In: Gebhart, G.F., Schmidt, R.F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_707 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_707 Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28752-7 Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28753-4 eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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