Burden of depression among housewives residing in an urbanised village of Delhi

Burden of depression among housewives residing in an urbanised village of Delhi | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Burden of depression among housewives residing in an urbanised village of Delhi Vikas Sharma, Shalini Smanla, Anubhav Mondal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8378654/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Depression is a common yet under-recognised mental health disorder among women, particularly housewives in urbanised settings facing social and economic stressors. The current study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression and its associated psychosocial environment, financial status, domestic environment, family responsibilities, physical restriction and safety among housewives of an urbanised village in Delhi. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 490 housewives in Aliganj, New Delhi, selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and PHQ-9 for depression screening. Statistical Analysis used: Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression, with significance at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.4 ± 11.11 years. The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) was 15.5%. Factors significantly associated with depression included lack of domestic support (AOR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.58–3.72), physical abuse (AOR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.40–2.10), family debt (AOR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.66–2.81), housewife by choice (AOR=3.35, 95% CI: 2.82–4.20), and verbal abuse (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.35–3.60). Conclusion: Depression among housewives was found to be substantial in the present study. Strengthening psychosocial support, improving domestic environments, and community-level mental health interventions are crucial to enhancing women’s well-being. Depression Housewives PHQ-9 Psychosocial factors Urbanised village Delhi Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Delhi","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Depression, Housewives, PHQ-9, Psychosocial factors, Urbanised village, Delhi","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8378654/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8378654/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground: Depression is a common yet under-recognised mental health disorder among women, particularly housewives in urbanised settings facing social and economic stressors. The current study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression and its associated psychosocial environment, financial status, domestic environment, family responsibilities, physical restriction and safety among housewives of an urbanised village in Delhi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 490 housewives in Aliganj, New Delhi, selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and PHQ-9 for depression screening.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical Analysis used: Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression, with significance at p\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: The mean age of participants was 37.4 ± 11.11 years. The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) was 15.5%. Factors significantly associated with depression included lack of domestic support (AOR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.58–3.72), physical abuse (AOR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.40–2.10), family debt (AOR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.66–2.81), housewife by choice (AOR=3.35, 95% CI: 2.82–4.20), and verbal abuse (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.35–3.60).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion: Depression among housewives was found to be substantial in the present study. Strengthening psychosocial support, improving domestic environments, and community-level mental health interventions are crucial to enhancing women’s well-being.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Burden of depression among housewives residing in an urbanised village of Delhi","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-19 11:14:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8378654/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c1390d23-5da8-45a4-afbd-3fe5e27f4be0","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-27T14:40:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-19 11:14:42","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8378654","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8378654","identity":"rs-8378654","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}