Pan-cancer analysis of GNG12 in tumors and experimental validation in TNBC

Pan-cancer analysis of GNG12 in tumors and experimental validation in TNBC | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Pan-cancer analysis of GNG12 in tumors and experimental validation in TNBC Biao-Feng Shan, Le Zhao, Tao Hu, Jing-Hao Xu, Tong-Xu Zeng, Jian-Ming Tang, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8626202/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein Subunit Gamma-12 (GNG12), a crucial member of the G protein γ subunit family, plays a role in multiple cancers. However, the role of GNG12 in cancer prognosis and immunology remains largely unknown. We analyzed the expression, diagnosis, and prognosis of GNG12 in pan-cancer, particularly in TNBC, using The Sparkle database, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GEO, and GEPIA tool. The mutations, phosphorylation, and methylation of GNG12 in pan-cancer were investigated through cBioPortal, PhosphoNET, AlphaFold, SangerBox, and UALCAN tool. The relationship between GNG12 expression and signaling pathways, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and immunomodulators was analyzed through STRING, CancerSEA, KEGG, and GSCA. Finally, the effects of knockdown and overexpression of GNG12 on TNBC proliferation, migration, invasion, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were investigated. GNG12 is lowly expressed in most cancers and is associated with prognosis. GNG12 is correlated with multiple signaling pathways and the immune microenvironment. Overexpression of GNG12 inhibits TNBC proliferation, migration, invasion, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis reveals the potential of GNG12 in tumor-targeted therapy and suggests GNG12 as a promising prognostic and immune pan-cancer biomarker. Health sciences/Biomarkers Biological sciences/Cancer Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics Biological sciences/Immunology Health sciences/Oncology GNG12 pan-cancer prognosis immunity TNBC Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryTableS1.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 08 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 05 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 04 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 03 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8626202","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":602980401,"identity":"6726215b-ba17-463e-b907-281b2986a712","order_by":0,"name":"Biao-Feng Shan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lanzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Biao-Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Shan","suffix":""},{"id":602980402,"identity":"76b3f82b-15d0-4cb7-a2d3-caac22b939a8","order_by":1,"name":"Le Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gansu University of Traditional Chinese 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However, the role of GNG12 in cancer prognosis and immunology remains largely unknown. We analyzed the expression, diagnosis, and prognosis of GNG12 in pan-cancer, particularly in TNBC, using The Sparkle database, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GEO, and GEPIA tool. The mutations, phosphorylation, and methylation of GNG12 in pan-cancer were investigated through cBioPortal, PhosphoNET, AlphaFold, SangerBox, and UALCAN tool. The relationship between GNG12 expression and signaling pathways, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, and immunomodulators was analyzed through STRING, CancerSEA, KEGG, and GSCA. Finally, the effects of knockdown and overexpression of GNG12 on TNBC proliferation, migration, invasion, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were investigated. GNG12 is lowly expressed in most cancers and is associated with prognosis. GNG12 is correlated with multiple signaling pathways and the immune microenvironment. 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