Diagnostic value of miR-410-5p combined with Doppler ultrasound in ovarian endometrioma and its regulatory mechanism via IL1A

Background Endometriosis affects millions of reproductive-aged women and lacks ideal non-invasive diagnostic methods. MicroRNAs are potential biomarkers for ovarian endometrioma. Aim This study aimed to explore the expression, diagnostic value, and regulatory mechanism of miR-410-5p in ovarian endometrioma.

A total of 105 patients with ovarian endometrioma and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum miR-410-5p and IL1A levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Uterine artery Doppler parameters were measured by color Doppler ultrasound. Diagnostic value was evaluated by the ROC curve and logistic regression. Cell experiments were performed in hEM15A and hESCs. MTT, Transwell, ELISA, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the functions and targeting relationship of miR-410-5p and IL1A.

miR-410-5p was downregulated in ovarian endometrioma and associated with disease severity. The combined panel of miR-410-5p and Doppler indices exhibited discriminatory performance for isolated ovarian endometrioma within this single-center retrospective cohort. In vitro cellular data demonstrate that miR-410-5p attenuates pathological phenotypes of endometriotic cells via directly inhibiting IL1A, which provides preliminary mechanistic clues for understanding ovarian endometrioma pathogenesis.

Within this single-center retrospective cohort limited to isolated ovarian endometrioma patients only, the combined signature of miR-410-5p and uterine artery Doppler indices exhibits favorable discriminatory capacity, though its generalizability to other endometriosis subtypes requires further verification. In vitro cell experiments indicate that miR-410-5p modulates proliferation, inflammatory secretion and EMT phenotypes of endometriotic cell lines through targeted repression of IL1A, without in vivo or longitudinal clinical evidence to confirm its causal effect on disease progression. Further multi-center prospective external validation, primary cell and animal model experiments are needed to verify the translational potential of the miR-410-5p/IL1A axis. Similar content being viewed by others

Not applicable. Funding This work was supported by the Medical Science Research Project of Hebei Province (20231711). Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Maternity Hospital. The written informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Supplementary Information 12905_2026_4896_MOESM1_ESM.tif (download TIF ) Supplementary Material 1: Supplementary Figure 1. ROC curve analysis of CA125 and miR-410-5p for ovarian endometrioma diagnosis. A. ROC curve for CA125 in the diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma. B. ROC curve of miR-410-5p to distinguish stage I–II early patients. 12905_2026_4896_MOESM2_ESM.tif (download TIF ) Supplementary Material 2: Supplementary Figure 2. Calibration curve for the combined predictive model. The dotted orange line represents the ideal reference line (perfect prediction), and blue dots indicate the observed risk values plotted against model-predicted risk values. Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. About this article Cite this article Wen, J., Chen, L. & Zhang, P. Diagnostic value of miR-410-5p combined with Doppler ultrasound in ovarian endometrioma and its regulatory mechanism via IL1A. BMC Women's Health (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-026-04896-z Received: Accepted: Published: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-026-04896-z