⚙
AI-generated deep summary
by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-05
· read from full text
ⓘ
This study re-analyzed molecular phylogeny and morphology across all fungal species attributed to the mono-generic family Ambisporaceae, focusing on how ambisporoid triple-walled spore morphs relate to stable nrDNA-based clades. Partial nrDNA analyses revealed ≥10% dissimilarities supporting division into three genera, with separations driven mainly by differences in spore wall composition across three central-wall categories (permanent smooth, alveolate, or degradable/evescent central walls). The authors concluded that the Ambispora fennica clade corresponds to Ambispora, the appendicula clade to the new genus Appendiculaspora, and the granatensis clade to the new genus Ephemerapareta, while a distinct reticulate morph is separated into the revised Pelotaspora (including a new species). A key limitation is that some glomoid observations lack the ambisporoid-acaulosporoid morph and require combined molecular and morphological study for proper attribution. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
Summary The objective of this study was to re-analyse the molecular phylogeny and/or the morphology of all species, which have been attributed to the so-far mono-generic fungal family Ambisporaceae. The genus Ambispora has been well-known for its spore bi-morphy described even from single spore clusters. Triple-walled spores are differentiated on sporiferous saccules, while mono-walled spores are formed on simple subtending hyphae. New phylogenetic analyses reveal dissimilarities of ≥10% in partial nrDNA gene of three different stable phylogenetic clades and thus suggest the division of Ambispora into three genera, which simultaneously request for advanced morphological separations. These advances are primarily based on the more diverse spore wall composition of the ambisporoid-acaulosporoid morph rather than on the rather simple-glomoid morph. While all known species of the triple-walled morph have an evanescent to semi-permanent outer spore wall, i) Am. fennica , Am. brasiliensis , Am. gerdemannii and Am. nicolsonii have a smooth, permanent central spore wall ( Am. fennica clade, A), ii) the central wall of Am. appendicula , Am. callosa , Am. leptoticha and Am. jimgerdemannii is alveolate ( Am. appendicula clade, B), and iii) the central wall of Am. granatensis is smooth, but easily degraded, thus rather short-lived and not permanent but evanescent ( Am. granatensis clade, C). In conclusion, species of the Am. fennica clade represent the genus Ambispora , while species of the Am. appendicula clade represent the new genus Appendiculaspora , and the mono-specific Am. granatensis clade represents the new genus Ephemerapareta . Species of an additional morph, with triple-walled spores, but apparently formed on subtending hyphae, and having a diagnostic reticulate, football-like middle wall, are here separated from the revised genus Ambispora based solely on morphological analyses, since molecular identification analyses so far failed and remained merely unknown. This later morph and genus is based on the type species Pelotaspora reticulata comb. nov, and on P. austrolatina sp. nov. Concomitant molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses are needed to attribute not only Pelotaspora spp., but also those species, for which hitherto only the ambisporoid-glomoid morph has been observed correctly within the family Ambisporaceae. Without molecular analyses, such species with glomoid but unknown ambisporoid-acaulosporoid morph have to be retained within Ambispora .
Full text
2,572 characters
· extracted from
oa-doi-fallback
· click to expand
Summary
The objective of this study was to re-analyse the molecular phylogeny and/or the morphology of all species, which have been attributed to the so-far mono-generic fungal family Ambisporaceae. The genus Ambispora has been well-known for its spore bi-morphy described even from single spore clusters. Triple-walled spores are differentiated on sporiferous saccules, while mono-walled spores are formed on simple subtending hyphae. New phylogenetic analyses reveal dissimilarities of ≥10% in partial nrDNA gene of three different stable phylogenetic clades and thus suggest the division of Ambispora into three genera, which simultaneously request for advanced morphological separations. These advances are primarily based on the more diverse spore wall composition of the ambisporoid-acaulosporoid morph rather than on the rather simple-glomoid morph. While all known species of the triple-walled morph have an evanescent to semi-permanent outer spore wall, i) Am. fennica, Am. brasiliensis, Am. gerdemannii and Am. nicolsonii have a smooth, permanent central spore wall (Am. fennica clade, A), ii) the central wall of Am. appendicula, Am. callosa, Am. leptoticha and Am. jimgerdemannii is alveolate (Am. appendicula clade, B), and iii) the central wall of Am. granatensis is smooth, but easily degraded, thus rather short-lived and not permanent but evanescent (Am. granatensis clade, C). In conclusion, species of the Am. fennica clade represent the genus Ambispora, while species of the Am. appendicula clade represent the new genus Appendiculaspora, and the mono-specific Am. granatensis clade represents the new genus Ephemerapareta. Species of an additional morph, with triple-walled spores, but apparently formed on subtending hyphae, and having a diagnostic reticulate, football-like middle wall, are here separated from the revised genus Ambispora based solely on morphological analyses, since molecular identification analyses so far failed and remained merely unknown. This later morph and genus is based on the type species Pelotaspora reticulata comb. nov, and on P. austrolatina sp. nov. Concomitant molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses are needed to attribute not only Pelotaspora spp., but also those species, for which hitherto only the ambisporoid-glomoid morph has been observed correctly within the family Ambisporaceae. Without molecular analyses, such species with glomoid but unknown ambisporoid-acaulosporoid morph have to be retained within Ambispora.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.