External Funding and its Effects on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in SAARC Nations: Global Health Financing Strategies

External Funding and its Effects on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in SAARC Nations: Global Health Financing Strategies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article External Funding and its Effects on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in SAARC Nations: Global Health Financing Strategies YOGESH CHANDRA, Ajai Jain This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281424/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Out-of-pocket health expenditure causes a detrimental impact on health outcomes and also contributes to impoverishment and healthcare catastrophe, a major concern in healthcare financing, prevailing in developing nations. Various components of Current Health Expenditure (CHE) affect the OOPS. This research study focuses on the impact of External Health Expenditure (EHE) on Out-of-pocket health expenditure in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations. The objective of this research study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of patterns and trends in external health expenditure and its impact on Out-of-pocket spending in SAARC nations and provide recommendations to optimize global health financing strategies by addressing common challenges, enhancing the understanding and cooperation for mutual benefits. The study follows a descriptive research design depending on secondary quantitative data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database for the years 2012 to 2021. Descriptive statistics explore the relationship and trend of external health expenditure and out-of-pocket spending. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding the external sources of funding and its role in promoting accessibility, and affordability to enhance public health and health outcomes by mutual collaboration for good policies and practices. The research findings emphasize the noticeable impact of external health expenditure on out-of-pocket spending in SAARC countries. So there is a scope for health diplomacy in India. Further researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers can utilize these findings in developing cost-effective interventions, designing pro-poor financial schemes, and other initiatives to reduce the financial burden on individuals. Out of Pocket Spending (OOPS) National Health Accounts(NHA) External Health Expenditure (EXE) CDC- Center for Disease Control and Prevention CHE-Current Health Expenditure AYUSH (Ayurveda Yoga Unani Siddha & Homeopathy) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4281424","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":320375402,"identity":"3e00759f-8b22-44d0-8e95-b6cf76b9f44c","order_by":0,"name":"YOGESH CHANDRA","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyDCwMaOH0QnFBCvJS1ZsgGkxYBoLQyHGTdA9BKhg+/2GcOHXwqYmY3Pr0788MCAQZ5f7AB+LZLncoyNZQzY+MxuvN0sAXSY4czZCfi1GJzhMZOWMOBhNrtxdgNIS4LBbeK0SDBunnF28w+itUh+MDBg3MDfu404WyTPsBUbMxgkJEvc4N1mkWAgQdgvfGeYNz788ee/HX//2c03f1TYyPNLE9DCwMBhwMwDoiXAKiUIKQcB9geMP0A0/wFiVI+CUTAKRsFIBAATGkO4ffP/ywAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-6375","institution":"Amity University Noida","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"YOGESH","middleName":"","lastName":"CHANDRA","suffix":""},{"id":320375403,"identity":"38f0a251-f9be-4461-a669-eb0752e3225c","order_by":1,"name":"Ajai Jain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Amity University Noida","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ajai","middleName":"","lastName":"Jain","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-17 10:59:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281424/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281424/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64156520,"identity":"031cb400-e863-4387-a2e1-23a108665547","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-09 05:33:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":714530,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GlobalHealthFinancingStrategie.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4281424/v1_covered_36b33f0d-8ff7-4365-8f44-44cdd4d222ef.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"External Funding and its Effects on Out-of-Pocket Expenditure in SAARC Nations: Global Health Financing Strategies","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Out of Pocket Spending (OOPS), National Health Accounts(NHA), External Health Expenditure (EXE), CDC- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CHE-Current Health Expenditure, AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha \u0026 Homeopathy), Health Technology Assessment (HTA)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281424/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4281424/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Out-of-pocket health expenditure causes a detrimental impact on health outcomes and also contributes to impoverishment and healthcare catastrophe, a major concern in healthcare financing, prevailing in developing nations. 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