Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127

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The present study discusses the morphological modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane by combining the hydrophilic surfactant Pluronic F127 (PF127) in a polymer solution to improve the performance of the membrane. Method: The membrane is formed using the non-solvent induced-phase separation (NIPS) method. PF127 is added to the membrane solution as a membrane modifying agent. The effects of the surfactant concentration in the dope solution on the permeability of pure water, solute rejection, hydrophilic characteristics, and membrane morphology are investigated. Results: Higher concentrations of PF127 had a significant effect on the permeability of pure water. The highest membrane permeation was 45.65 l/m2.hr.atm with the addition of 7% PF127 additive. Conclusion: PF127 is successfully proposed as a membrane pore-forming agent in this work; the blending of this additive in appropriate amounts in the polymer solution is adequate to improve the performance of the PVC membrane." } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2", "name": "Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified..." } } ] } Home Browse Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY and Fathanah U. Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] Nasrul Arahman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-2867 1 , Afrilia Fahrina 1 , Mukramah Yusuf Wahab 1 , Umi Fathanah 1 Nasrul Arahman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-2867 1 , Afrilia Fahrina 1 , Mukramah Yusuf Wahab 1 , Umi Fathanah 1 PUBLISHED 10 Jul 2018 Author details Author details 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Nasrul Arahman Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Afrilia Fahrina Roles: Investigation, Methodology Mukramah Yusuf Wahab Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology Umi Fathanah Roles: Resources OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background: Attempts to modify the morphology of membrane for application in industrial separation are being undertaken by many researchers. The present study discusses the morphological modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane by combining the hydrophilic surfactant Pluronic F127 (PF127) in a polymer solution to improve the performance of the membrane. Method: The membrane is formed using the non-solvent induced-phase separation (NIPS) method. PF127 is added to the membrane solution as a membrane modifying agent. The effects of the surfactant concentration in the dope solution on the permeability of pure water, solute rejection, hydrophilic characteristics, and membrane morphology are investigated. Results: Higher concentrations of PF127 had a significant effect on the permeability of pure water. The highest membrane permeation was 45.65 l/m 2 .hr.atm with the addition of 7% PF127 additive. Conclusion: PF127 is successfully proposed as a membrane pore-forming agent in this work; the blending of this additive in appropriate amounts in the polymer solution is adequate to improve the performance of the PVC membrane. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Pluronic F127, pore forming agent Corresponding Author(s) Nasrul Arahman ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Nasrul Arahman Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2018 Arahman N et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). How to cite: Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY and Fathanah U. Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.2 ) First published: 12 Jun 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.1 ) Latest published: 10 Jul 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.2 ) Revised Amendments from Version 1 This is the revised manuscript based on the referee comment. The changes are: An additional explanation has been added to introduction The correction of membrane applicator thickness The conclusion has been expanded This is the revised manuscript based on the referee comment. The changes are: An additional explanation has been added to introduction The correction of membrane applicator thickness The conclusion has been expanded See the authors' detailed response to the review by Heba Abdallah See the authors' detailed response to the review by Zulfan Adi Putra READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction Nowadays, separation of contaminant elements from drinking water using membrane technology is developing rapidly. Membrane separation technology has been adopted in many industries, owing to its numerous advantages compared with other common methods. One of the most widely applicable membrane separation technologies in industry is the use of a group of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, particularly for the process of water purification 1 , 2 . In view of the requirements for application in the water treatment industry, the modification of UF membrane to generate high flux, improve the resistance to fouling and chemical substances, and provide good mechanical properties is being continuously improved 3 , 4 . Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with the molecular formula shown in Figure 1 , is a relatively cheap polymer with suitable chemical characteristics for use as a membrane material. Hydrophobic PVC polymers cause fouling of the membrane pores due to the adherence of organic molecules to the surface of the membrane. Numerous methods have been developed to improve fouling resistance. The most common method is improving the hydrophilicity of the membrane material to minimize the attachment of foulant molecules 5 , 6 . Figure 1. The molecular formula of polyvinyl chloride. The hydrophilic polymers that are frequently used as an additive are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, Brij, Tetronic, and Pluronic 7 , 8 . Of these, Pluronic is used as a surface modifying agent for many hydrophobic polymers. Raslan and Mohammad 9 added Pluronic F127 to a polysulfone membrane. The resulting membrane is resistant to fouling and possesses good pore distribution 9 . Pluronic has also been used to improve the anti-fouling of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes 10 . The combination of CA polymer and Pluronic surfactant results in a membrane that is more resistant to fouling and has a more stable filtration profile. Another study investigate the hydrophilic surfactant Tween20 and Tween80 to enhance the permeation and antifouling properties of PVC membrane 11 . The surfactants were added as 0; 1; 3; 5; and 7 % to dope membrane. The result showed that higher concentration of the both surfactant resulting higher water flux. The highest water flux is 328,6 L/m2.h with 7% Tween20 addition. Contrary to the rejection performance of BSA, the result showed decreasing rejection value in higher surfactant addition. The BSA rejection by PVC original membrane is about 97%, after addition of surfactant additives the rejection value decreased up to around 86-87,5% at 7% Tween20 and Tween80. In this study, pluronic was developed to improve the performance of PVC membranes. PF127 is a copolymer with two segments—hydrophilic and hydrophobic ( Figure 2 ). The polyethylene oxide (PEO) segment of PF127 improves the hydrophilic characteristics of the membrane’s surface, while polypropylene oxide, which is hydrophobic, attaches closely to the matrix of the membrane 9 . The hydrophile–lipophile balance value of PF127 ranges from 18 to 23 12 . In this study, PF127 is used as an additive to improve the performance of a PVC membrane. Figure 2. The molecular formula of PF127. x, ethylene oxide (EO) number, y, propylene oxide (PO) number. Methods Materials Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with an average molecule weight of 43,000 Da was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl acetate (DMAc) solvent was obtained from Wako, Pure Industries Japan. Distilled water was produced in the laboratory. PF127 was obtained from BASF Co. (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Dextran with an average molecular weight of 10,000 Da, which was used for the rejection test, was bought from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used directly without previous treatment. Membrane preparation The wet inversion technique was adopted to prepare the membrane using water as a non-solvent coagulation media. PVC with a concentration of 15 wt% and PF127 with concentration of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% were dissolved in DMAc to improve the performance of the membrane The solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 200 rpm until it was homogeneous. The homogeneous membrane solution was left for 24 hours at room temperature to completely discharge the air bubbles. The solution was then framed on a glass plate using an automatically adjustable applicator (YBA-3, Yoshimitsu, Japan) at a thickness of 450 µm. The glass plate containing membrane was dipped in a coagulation bath of distilled water. The de-mixing process between the DMAc solvent and non-solvent distilled water solidified the membrane and separated it from the glass plate. Membrane morphology Membrane morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Hitachi Co, S-800) with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. To obtain a clean and dry sample, about 1 cm 2 of the membrane sample was freeze-dried (Eyela FD-1000, Japan) for 24 hours. To ensure that the structure of the membrane was not damaged, the membrane sample was ruptured in liquid nitrogen. Next, the membrane sample was mounted on the metal module, followed by the coating process with Pt/Pd sputtering. The coated sample was inserted into the SEM apparatus, and the photo was captured at 5.0 kV. Three images was collected for each Three images each were collected for PVC membranes containing 0, 3, 5 and 7% P127. Permeation experiment The permeability of water and solute rejection were tested with the module of dead-end filtration (Advantec, UHP-43K, Japan). The transmembrane pressure was regulated at a pressure of 0.5 atm. The effective membrane surface area that passed by water was 0.023 m 2 . The testing of water permeability was conducted four times, and the average values was taken to determine the final permeability. The permeability coefficient of pure water was counted using Equation 1 . L p = V A × t × Δ p ( 1 ) Where Lp = permeability coefficient (L/m 2 .jam.atm); V = permeate volume (L); A = membrane surface area (m 2 ); and Δp = pressure change (atm). A dextran solution of 100 p.p.m. was prepared to analyze the rejection efficiency. Equation 2 was used to calculate the rejection value of the fabricated membrane. R = ( 1 − C p C f ) × 100 ( 2 ) Where R = rejection coefficient; Cp = permeate concentration; and Cf = concentration of feed. Membrane hydrophilicity The hydrophilicity of the surface of the membrane was measured using a water contact angle meter (Kyowa Kaiwenkagaku, Saitama, Japan, CA-A). The contact angle is the angle formed between the surface of the test material and the pure water dropped onto the surface of the membrane 13 . Each sample was measured 10 times, and the average value of the measurement was the value of the water contact angle of the membrane sample. Membrane shrinkage To study the effect of the blending of pluronic additives on the toughness of the PVC/ PF127 membrane, a membrane shrinkage test was performed. The wet cast of membrane at each PF127 concentration was dried in the oven for 24 hours at 80°C. The shrinkage of the membrane was calculated using Equation (3) . Membrane shrink ( % ) = L 0 − L 1 L 0 × 100 ( 3 ) Where L 0 = length of wet membrane (cm) and L 1 = length of dried membrane (cm). Results and discussion Membrane morphology The results of the SEM analysis of the cross-sections of all the membranes are shown in Figure 3 . The transverse part of the original PVC membrane has an asymmetric structure consisting of a thick, dense structure in the top layer and a finger-like structure in the center path of the cross-sectional area. The formation of a membrane structure fabricated using the wet inversion technique happens during coagulation, in which the DMAc solvent is leached out of the matrix of the dope solution and water as a non-solvent diffuses into the membrane. This phenomenon causes the formation of membrane pores and a finger-like macrovoid structure 14 . The structure of the PVC membrane changes after the addition of PF127 as the additive in forming the membrane pores 9 . Figure 3. Morphology structure of PVC membrane on transverse part at PF127 concentrations of 0% ( a ); 3% ( b ); 5% ( c ); and 7% ( d ). Each image is representative of n=3 scanning electron microscopy images. As shown in Figure 3a , the original PVC membrane has an upper layer that is thicker than the upper layer structure after the addition of PF127. The exchange of solvent from the polymer solution to the coagulation bath occur slowly in the case of the original PVC membrane, and contribute to the formation of a thick upper layer that is larger than in the other systems 15 . After the addition of PF127, the membrane surface becomes more hydrophilic and the affinity between the casting solution and water increases, so the polymer solution will attract more water and the diffusion process of water into the polymer matrix will be faster 16 . As a consequence of this mechanism, large macrovoids and a thin upper layer are formed. As can be seen in crosssection layer, the finger like structure forms at PVC membrane with 3wt% of PF127 is dominate a half of the crossection area of the membrane. While, in case of the addition of 5 and 7wt% of PF127, the finger-like structure formed in all cross-section area of the membrane. In other words, the increase in the PF127 concentration results in larger pores and a thinner upper layer of the membrane. Membrane hydrophilicity The measurement of the water contact angle is the simplest way to identify the degree of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the membrane 15 . The hydrophilicity of the membrane, as measured by the water contact angle meter, is shown in Figure 4 . The addition of PF127 is proven to improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane, as indicated by the decrease in the water contact angle. The existing PEO segment contained in the PF127 on the membrane surface contributed to the improvement in the membrane hydrophilicity. The hydrophilic nature of PEO chain in Pluronic increased the diffusion rate of non-solvent during membrane solidification. The rapid diffusion of nonsolvent promoted instantaneous demixing, which enhanced macrovoid formation. It has been reported that a rapid precipitation caused by the hydrophilicity of the additive results in higher surface porosity and more porous sublayer, leading to a higher water permeation 17 . A number of studies on the mechanism of the decreased water contact angle of various membrane modifications with Pluronic have been reported by researchers 17 – 20 . The most hydrophilic membrane surface obtained in this study was found in the PVC membrane with the addition of 7wt% additive, with a contact angle of 67.2°. Figure 4. The value of the water contact angle of the PVC membrane based on the concentration of PF127 (n=10 per PF127 concentration). Filtration performance The water permeability and rejection profile of the original PVC and PVC blend membrane are shown in Figure 5 . The original PVC membrane has a water permeability of about 0.616 l/m 2 .h.atm. After the addition of 1 wt% of PF127 to the dope solution additive, the water permeability increases significantly. The PEO chain in PF127 increases the pore size of membrane. Therefore, the amount of water that passes through the membrane is higher than that of the membrane without the polymeric additive. The change in the bottom layer structure of the PVC blend membrane is also evidence of the increased water permeability ( Figure 3 ). As reported by many authors, the addition of an appropriate amount of hydrophilic polymer to the dope solution might enhance the membrane pores 7 , 15 , 21 , 22 , and, consequently, high permeation would be obtained. In this work, the highest water permeability reached 45.618l/m 2 .h.atm, which was obtained in the case of the blend membrane with the PF127 concentration of 7wt%. Figure 5. Pure water permeability and solute rejection in PVC membrane based on PF127 concentration (n=4 for permeability, n=3 for solute rejection per PF127 concentration). Figure 5 also shows the rejection efficiency of the dextran solution. The original PVC membrane is able to reject the dextran molecules by up to 100%. The addition of PF127 at a high concentration causes a decline in the rejection efficiency. The solution sample for the rejection experiment was prepared by dissolving a low molecular weight of dextran (i.e., 10.000 Da). This may be the reason for the reduction of rejection efficiency at high concentration of additive in this work. To achieve the best performance for permeation and selectivity, the optimization of the polymer solution could be designed by changing the relative composition of the PVC and the PF127. Membrane shrinkage In reference to the separation industry, membranes are expected to sustain in a wide range of temperature conditions. To determine the resistance of PVC/PF127 membranes in high-temperature conditions, a shrinkage test was performed by drying the membranes at 80°C; the results are shown in Table 1 . The original PVC membrane did not suffer significant shrinkage after exposure to a temperature of 80°C, nor did the blending of PF127 into a polymer solution contribute seriously to the shrinkage of the PVC membrane. As shown in Table 1 , an increase in the additive concentration of up to 7 wt% only has a small impact on the decrease in membrane size. PVC is one of the most widely used polymers in UF membranes, owing to its excellent physical and chemical properties. PVC polymer has a melting point of 212°C, and material fabricated from this polymer can only be degraded at high temperature 23 . Table 1. Shrinkage observation of PVC membrane (n=3 per PF127 concentration). PF127 in PVC membrane (wt%) Shrinkage (%) 0 0.67 1 2.07 3 3.33 5 5.00 7 9.33 Dataset 1. Raw data for water permeability and solute rejection. Dataset 2. Raw data for water contact angle. Dataset 3. Raw data for membrane shrinkage test. Conclusion The fabrication of PVC membrane with PF127 as an additive has been performed in this work. The characteristics and performance of the membrane have been analyzed in terms of the morphology, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, water permeability, and solute rejection, as well as membrane shrinkage. From this recent study, it can be concluded as follows: 1. Morphological analysis using SEM shows the increasing the membrane porosity after addition of PF127. 2. The water permeability of PVC membrane increases from 0.61 to 45.61 l/m 2 .hr.atm after addition of 7wt% PF127. However, the optimum filtration result, water permeability and rejection are found on the membrane with 3wt% addition PF127. It reach 20,2 L/m 2 .h for permeability and 68,66% for solute rejection. 3. The number and length of the macrovoid structure in the center section of the membrane increased and change after the presence of PF127 4. Regarding the water contact angle observation, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the membrane improves as the proportion of PF127 is increased. 5. On the basis of the results of the shrinkage test, it can be concluded that the PVC membrane obtained in this research is able to withstand extreme temperature conditions of up to 80°C. 6. Regarding the experimental results, it can be concluded that PF127 succeeded in improving hydrophilic properties, filtration performance, and maintaining the stability of the membrane. Thus, the PVC-FP127 is useful to be applied in the water treatment industry. Data availability Dataset 1. Raw data for water permeability and solute rejection . DOI: 10.5256/f1000research.15077.d206401 24 . Dataset 2. Raw data for water contact angle . DOI: 10.5256/f1000research.15077.d206402 25 . Dataset 3. Raw data for membrane shrinkage test . DOI: 10.5256/f1000research.15077.d206403 26 . Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Faculty Opinions recommended References 1. Saljoughi E, Mousavi SM: Preparation and characterization of novel polysulfone nanofiltration membranes for removal of cadmium from contaminated water. Sep Purif Technol. 2012; 90 : 22–30. Publisher Full Text 2. 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Mehrparvar A, Rahimpour A, Jahanshahi M: Modified ultrafiltration membranes for humic acid removal. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2013; 45 (1): 275–282. Publisher Full Text 16. Lin J, Ye W, Zhong K, et al. : Enhancement of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane doped by monodisperse Stöber silica for water treatment. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif. 2016; 107 : 194–205. Publisher Full Text 17. Loh CH, Wang R, Shi L, et al. : Fabrication of high performance polyethersulfone UF hollow fiber membranes using amphiphilic Pluronic block copolymers as pore-forming additives. J Memb Sci. 2011; 380 (1–2): 114–123. Publisher Full Text 18. Liu Y, Su Y, Zhao X, et al. : Improved antifouling properties of polyethersulfone membrane by blending the amphiphilic surface modifier with crosslinked hydrophobic segments. J Memb Sci. 2015; 486 : 195–206. Publisher Full Text 19. Bueno CZ, Dias AM, de Sousa HJ, et al. : Control of the properties of porous chitosan–alginate membranes through the addition of different proportions of Pluronic F68. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2014; 44 : 117–125. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 20. Loh CH, Wang R: Fabrication of PVDF hollow fiber membranes: Effects of low-concentration Pluronic and spinning conditions. J Memb Sci. 2014; 466 : 130–141. Publisher Full Text 21. Jalali A, Shockravi A, Vatanpour V, et al. : Preparation and characterization of novel microporous ultrafiltration PES membranes using synthesized hydrophilic polysulfide-amide copolymer as an additive in the casting solution. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2016; 228 : 1–13. Publisher Full Text 22. El-gendi A, Abdallah H, Amin A, et al. : Investigation of polyvinylchloride and cellulose acetate blend membranes for desalination. J Mol Struct. 2017; 1146 : 14–22. Publisher Full Text 23. Xu J, Xu ZL: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes prepared from PVC/additives/solvent. J Membr Sci. 2002; 208 (1–2): 203–212. Publisher Full Text 24. Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY, et al. : Dataset 1 in: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127. F1000Research. 2018. Data Source 25. Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY, et al. : Dataset 2 in: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127. F1000Research. 2018. Data Source 26. Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY, et al. : Dataset 3 in: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127. F1000Research. 2018. Data Source Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 12 Jun 2018 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Nasrul Arahman Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Afrilia Fahrina Roles: Investigation, Methodology Mukramah Yusuf Wahab Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology Umi Fathanah Roles: Resources Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (2) version 2 Revised Published: 10 Jul 2018, 7:726 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.2 version 1 Published: 12 Jun 2018, 7:726 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.1 Copyright © 2018 Arahman N et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY and Fathanah U. Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15077.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 10 Jul 2018 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Adi Putra Z. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35902 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2#referee-response-35902 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 30 Jul 2018 Zulfan Adi Putra , Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35902 The authors have corrected the paper ... Continue reading READ ALL The authors have corrected the paper accordingly. Herewith I recommend accepting this paper. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Adi Putra Z. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35902 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2#referee-response-35902 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Abdallah H. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35903 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2#referee-response-35903 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 11 Jul 2018 Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35903 I recommend ... Continue reading READ ALL I recommend accepting the article Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Membrane technology, Production of polymeric membranes I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Abdallah H. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35903 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2#referee-response-35903 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 12 Jun 2018 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Abdallah H. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34922 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v1#referee-response-34922 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 22 Jun 2018 Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34922 The article studied the effect of addition of pluronic F127 on the PVC membrane morphology and performance. The article needs Minor Revision. Introduction The authors should do a comparison between this ... Continue reading READ ALL The article studied the effect of addition of pluronic F127 on the PVC membrane morphology and performance. The article needs Minor Revision. Introduction The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. In section membrane preparation I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? SEM section SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Membrane hydrophilicity Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Membrane Shrinkage The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Conclusion Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No References 1. Bilad M, Guillen-Burrieza E, Mavukkandy M, Al Marzooqi F, et al.: Shrinkage, defect and membrane distillation performance of composite PVDF membranes. Desalination . 2015; 376 : 62-72 Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Membrane technology, Production of polymeric membranes I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Abdallah H. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34922 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v1#referee-response-34922 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 10 Jul 2018 Nasrul Arahman , Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 10 Jul 2018 Author Response Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and ... Continue reading Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. Response F The comparison between previous works has been added to Introduction at third paragraph. The manuscript is written as follows: The hydrophilic polymers that are frequently used as an additive are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, Brij, Tetronic, and Pluronic 7 , 8 . Of these, Pluronic is used as a surface modifying agent for many hydrophobic polymers. Raslan and Mohammad 9 added Pluronic F127 to a polysulfone membrane. The resulting membrane is resistant to fouling and possesses good pore distribution 9 . The highest flux reached up to around 800 L/m 2 .h at 4,5 bar with 4,8 g addition of PF127. Pluronic has also been used to improve the anti-fouling of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes 10 . The combination of CA polymer and Pluronic surfactant results in a membrane that is more resistant to fouling and has a more stable filtration profile. Hydrophilic surfactant Tween20 and Tween80 has been used to enhance the permeation and antifouling properties of PVC membrane. The surfactants were added as 0; 1; 3; 5; and 7 % to dope membrane. The result showed that higher concentration of the both surfactant resulting higher water flux. The highest water flux is 328,6 L/m2.h with 7% Tween20 addition. Contrary to the rejection performance of BSA, the result showed decreasing rejection value in higher surfactant addition. The BSA rejection by PVC original membrane is about 97%, after addition of surfactant additives the rejection value decreased up to around 86-87,5% at 7% Tween20 and Tween80. Comment 2 I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer F There was a typo and it has been revised in membrane preparation section as follows: The solution was then framed on a glass plate using an automatically adjustable applicator (YBA-3, Yoshimitsu, Japan) at a thickness of 450 µm. Comment 3 Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? Response Fwe have rewrite the script in membrane preparation section To improve the performance of the membrane, PF127 was added at concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% to polymeric solutions and dissolve until homogene. Comment 4 SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Response F The more discussion of finger like formation has been added in the second paragraph of membrane morphology discussion. The finger like structure forms at PVC membrane with 3wt% of PF127 is dominate a half of the crossection area of the membrane. While, in case of the addition of 5 and 7wt% of PF127, the finger-like structure formed in all cross-section area of the membrane Comment 5 Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Response F the more discussion of PEO effects has been written in membrane hydrophilicity section. the hydrophilic nature of PEO chain in Pluronic increased the diffusion rate of non-solvent during membrane formation. The increasing of nonsolvent in-diffusion rate promoted instantaneous demixing, which enhanced macrovoid formation. It has been reported that a rapid precipitation caused by the hydrophilicity of the additive results in higher surface porosity and more porous sublayer, leading to a higher water permeation. C.H. Loh et al. / Journal of Membrane Science 380 (2011) 114–123 Comment 6 The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Response F Thank you for your correction, we agree with your idea that the length of wet membrane has an effect on membrane shrinkage. We, therefore, calculated the membrane shrinkage by measuring the length of the wet cast and the dried membrane. Research group of Bilad (Bilad et al. 2015) designed the shrinkage calculation by measuring of the width of wet cast and the dried membrane. We revised the manuscript as follow: To study the effect of the blending of pluronic additives on the toughness of the PVC/ PF127 membrane, a membrane shrinkage test was performed. The wet cast of membrane at each PF127 concentration was dried in the oven for 24 hours at 80°C. The shrinkage of the membrane was calculated using Equation (3). Membrane shrink (%) = ((L0-L1)/(L0)) x 100 Where L 0 = length of wet membrane (cm) and L 1 = length of dried membrane (cm). Comment 7 Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Response F the conclussion in points has been re-written. The fabrication of PVC membrane with PF127 as an additive has been performed in this work. The characteristics and performance of the membrane have been analyzed in terms of the morphology, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, water permeability, and solute rejection, as well as membrane shrinkage. From this recent study, it can be concluded as follows: Morphological analysis using SEM shows the increasing the membrane porosity after addition of PF127. The water permeability of PVC membrane increases from 0.61 to 45.61 l/m2.hr.atm after addition of 7% PF127. However, the optimum filtration result, water permeability and rejection are found on the membrane with 3% addition PF127. It reach 20,2 L/m2.h for permeability and 68,66% for solute rejection. The number and length of the macrovoid structure in the center section of the membrane increased and change after the presence of PF127 Regarding the water contact angle observation, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the membrane improves as the proportion of PF127 is increased. On the basis of the results of the shrinkage test, it can be concluded that the PVC membrane obtained in this research is able to withstand extreme temperature conditions of up to 80°C. Regarding the experimental results, it can be concluded that PF127 succeeded in improving hydrophilic properties, filtration performance, and maintaining the stability of the membrane. Thus, the PVC-FP127 is useful to be applied in the water treatment industry. Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. Response F The comparison between previous works has been added to Introduction at third paragraph. The manuscript is written as follows: The hydrophilic polymers that are frequently used as an additive are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, Brij, Tetronic, and Pluronic 7 , 8 . Of these, Pluronic is used as a surface modifying agent for many hydrophobic polymers. Raslan and Mohammad 9 added Pluronic F127 to a polysulfone membrane. The resulting membrane is resistant to fouling and possesses good pore distribution 9 . The highest flux reached up to around 800 L/m 2 .h at 4,5 bar with 4,8 g addition of PF127. Pluronic has also been used to improve the anti-fouling of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes 10 . The combination of CA polymer and Pluronic surfactant results in a membrane that is more resistant to fouling and has a more stable filtration profile. Hydrophilic surfactant Tween20 and Tween80 has been used to enhance the permeation and antifouling properties of PVC membrane. The surfactants were added as 0; 1; 3; 5; and 7 % to dope membrane. The result showed that higher concentration of the both surfactant resulting higher water flux. The highest water flux is 328,6 L/m2.h with 7% Tween20 addition. Contrary to the rejection performance of BSA, the result showed decreasing rejection value in higher surfactant addition. The BSA rejection by PVC original membrane is about 97%, after addition of surfactant additives the rejection value decreased up to around 86-87,5% at 7% Tween20 and Tween80. Comment 2 I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer F There was a typo and it has been revised in membrane preparation section as follows: The solution was then framed on a glass plate using an automatically adjustable applicator (YBA-3, Yoshimitsu, Japan) at a thickness of 450 µm. Comment 3 Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? Response Fwe have rewrite the script in membrane preparation section To improve the performance of the membrane, PF127 was added at concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% to polymeric solutions and dissolve until homogene. Comment 4 SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Response F The more discussion of finger like formation has been added in the second paragraph of membrane morphology discussion. The finger like structure forms at PVC membrane with 3wt% of PF127 is dominate a half of the crossection area of the membrane. While, in case of the addition of 5 and 7wt% of PF127, the finger-like structure formed in all cross-section area of the membrane Comment 5 Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Response F the more discussion of PEO effects has been written in membrane hydrophilicity section. the hydrophilic nature of PEO chain in Pluronic increased the diffusion rate of non-solvent during membrane formation. The increasing of nonsolvent in-diffusion rate promoted instantaneous demixing, which enhanced macrovoid formation. It has been reported that a rapid precipitation caused by the hydrophilicity of the additive results in higher surface porosity and more porous sublayer, leading to a higher water permeation. C.H. Loh et al. / Journal of Membrane Science 380 (2011) 114–123 Comment 6 The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Response F Thank you for your correction, we agree with your idea that the length of wet membrane has an effect on membrane shrinkage. We, therefore, calculated the membrane shrinkage by measuring the length of the wet cast and the dried membrane. Research group of Bilad (Bilad et al. 2015) designed the shrinkage calculation by measuring of the width of wet cast and the dried membrane. We revised the manuscript as follow: To study the effect of the blending of pluronic additives on the toughness of the PVC/ PF127 membrane, a membrane shrinkage test was performed. The wet cast of membrane at each PF127 concentration was dried in the oven for 24 hours at 80°C. The shrinkage of the membrane was calculated using Equation (3). Membrane shrink (%) = ((L0-L1)/(L0)) x 100 Where L 0 = length of wet membrane (cm) and L 1 = length of dried membrane (cm). Comment 7 Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Response F the conclussion in points has been re-written. The fabrication of PVC membrane with PF127 as an additive has been performed in this work. The characteristics and performance of the membrane have been analyzed in terms of the morphology, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, water permeability, and solute rejection, as well as membrane shrinkage. From this recent study, it can be concluded as follows: Morphological analysis using SEM shows the increasing the membrane porosity after addition of PF127. The water permeability of PVC membrane increases from 0.61 to 45.61 l/m2.hr.atm after addition of 7% PF127. However, the optimum filtration result, water permeability and rejection are found on the membrane with 3% addition PF127. It reach 20,2 L/m2.h for permeability and 68,66% for solute rejection. The number and length of the macrovoid structure in the center section of the membrane increased and change after the presence of PF127 Regarding the water contact angle observation, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the membrane improves as the proportion of PF127 is increased. On the basis of the results of the shrinkage test, it can be concluded that the PVC membrane obtained in this research is able to withstand extreme temperature conditions of up to 80°C. Regarding the experimental results, it can be concluded that PF127 succeeded in improving hydrophilic properties, filtration performance, and maintaining the stability of the membrane. Thus, the PVC-FP127 is useful to be applied in the water treatment industry. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 10 Jul 2018 Nasrul Arahman , Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 10 Jul 2018 Author Response Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and ... Continue reading Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. Response F The comparison between previous works has been added to Introduction at third paragraph. The manuscript is written as follows: The hydrophilic polymers that are frequently used as an additive are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, Brij, Tetronic, and Pluronic 7 , 8 . Of these, Pluronic is used as a surface modifying agent for many hydrophobic polymers. Raslan and Mohammad 9 added Pluronic F127 to a polysulfone membrane. The resulting membrane is resistant to fouling and possesses good pore distribution 9 . The highest flux reached up to around 800 L/m 2 .h at 4,5 bar with 4,8 g addition of PF127. Pluronic has also been used to improve the anti-fouling of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes 10 . The combination of CA polymer and Pluronic surfactant results in a membrane that is more resistant to fouling and has a more stable filtration profile. Hydrophilic surfactant Tween20 and Tween80 has been used to enhance the permeation and antifouling properties of PVC membrane. The surfactants were added as 0; 1; 3; 5; and 7 % to dope membrane. The result showed that higher concentration of the both surfactant resulting higher water flux. The highest water flux is 328,6 L/m2.h with 7% Tween20 addition. Contrary to the rejection performance of BSA, the result showed decreasing rejection value in higher surfactant addition. The BSA rejection by PVC original membrane is about 97%, after addition of surfactant additives the rejection value decreased up to around 86-87,5% at 7% Tween20 and Tween80. Comment 2 I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer F There was a typo and it has been revised in membrane preparation section as follows: The solution was then framed on a glass plate using an automatically adjustable applicator (YBA-3, Yoshimitsu, Japan) at a thickness of 450 µm. Comment 3 Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? Response Fwe have rewrite the script in membrane preparation section To improve the performance of the membrane, PF127 was added at concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% to polymeric solutions and dissolve until homogene. Comment 4 SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Response F The more discussion of finger like formation has been added in the second paragraph of membrane morphology discussion. The finger like structure forms at PVC membrane with 3wt% of PF127 is dominate a half of the crossection area of the membrane. While, in case of the addition of 5 and 7wt% of PF127, the finger-like structure formed in all cross-section area of the membrane Comment 5 Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Response F the more discussion of PEO effects has been written in membrane hydrophilicity section. the hydrophilic nature of PEO chain in Pluronic increased the diffusion rate of non-solvent during membrane formation. The increasing of nonsolvent in-diffusion rate promoted instantaneous demixing, which enhanced macrovoid formation. It has been reported that a rapid precipitation caused by the hydrophilicity of the additive results in higher surface porosity and more porous sublayer, leading to a higher water permeation. C.H. Loh et al. / Journal of Membrane Science 380 (2011) 114–123 Comment 6 The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Response F Thank you for your correction, we agree with your idea that the length of wet membrane has an effect on membrane shrinkage. We, therefore, calculated the membrane shrinkage by measuring the length of the wet cast and the dried membrane. Research group of Bilad (Bilad et al. 2015) designed the shrinkage calculation by measuring of the width of wet cast and the dried membrane. We revised the manuscript as follow: To study the effect of the blending of pluronic additives on the toughness of the PVC/ PF127 membrane, a membrane shrinkage test was performed. The wet cast of membrane at each PF127 concentration was dried in the oven for 24 hours at 80°C. The shrinkage of the membrane was calculated using Equation (3). Membrane shrink (%) = ((L0-L1)/(L0)) x 100 Where L 0 = length of wet membrane (cm) and L 1 = length of dried membrane (cm). Comment 7 Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Response F the conclussion in points has been re-written. The fabrication of PVC membrane with PF127 as an additive has been performed in this work. The characteristics and performance of the membrane have been analyzed in terms of the morphology, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, water permeability, and solute rejection, as well as membrane shrinkage. From this recent study, it can be concluded as follows: Morphological analysis using SEM shows the increasing the membrane porosity after addition of PF127. The water permeability of PVC membrane increases from 0.61 to 45.61 l/m2.hr.atm after addition of 7% PF127. However, the optimum filtration result, water permeability and rejection are found on the membrane with 3% addition PF127. It reach 20,2 L/m2.h for permeability and 68,66% for solute rejection. The number and length of the macrovoid structure in the center section of the membrane increased and change after the presence of PF127 Regarding the water contact angle observation, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the membrane improves as the proportion of PF127 is increased. On the basis of the results of the shrinkage test, it can be concluded that the PVC membrane obtained in this research is able to withstand extreme temperature conditions of up to 80°C. Regarding the experimental results, it can be concluded that PF127 succeeded in improving hydrophilic properties, filtration performance, and maintaining the stability of the membrane. Thus, the PVC-FP127 is useful to be applied in the water treatment industry. Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. Response F The comparison between previous works has been added to Introduction at third paragraph. The manuscript is written as follows: The hydrophilic polymers that are frequently used as an additive are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, Brij, Tetronic, and Pluronic 7 , 8 . Of these, Pluronic is used as a surface modifying agent for many hydrophobic polymers. Raslan and Mohammad 9 added Pluronic F127 to a polysulfone membrane. The resulting membrane is resistant to fouling and possesses good pore distribution 9 . The highest flux reached up to around 800 L/m 2 .h at 4,5 bar with 4,8 g addition of PF127. Pluronic has also been used to improve the anti-fouling of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes 10 . The combination of CA polymer and Pluronic surfactant results in a membrane that is more resistant to fouling and has a more stable filtration profile. Hydrophilic surfactant Tween20 and Tween80 has been used to enhance the permeation and antifouling properties of PVC membrane. The surfactants were added as 0; 1; 3; 5; and 7 % to dope membrane. The result showed that higher concentration of the both surfactant resulting higher water flux. The highest water flux is 328,6 L/m2.h with 7% Tween20 addition. Contrary to the rejection performance of BSA, the result showed decreasing rejection value in higher surfactant addition. The BSA rejection by PVC original membrane is about 97%, after addition of surfactant additives the rejection value decreased up to around 86-87,5% at 7% Tween20 and Tween80. Comment 2 I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer F There was a typo and it has been revised in membrane preparation section as follows: The solution was then framed on a glass plate using an automatically adjustable applicator (YBA-3, Yoshimitsu, Japan) at a thickness of 450 µm. Comment 3 Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? Response Fwe have rewrite the script in membrane preparation section To improve the performance of the membrane, PF127 was added at concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% to polymeric solutions and dissolve until homogene. Comment 4 SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Response F The more discussion of finger like formation has been added in the second paragraph of membrane morphology discussion. The finger like structure forms at PVC membrane with 3wt% of PF127 is dominate a half of the crossection area of the membrane. While, in case of the addition of 5 and 7wt% of PF127, the finger-like structure formed in all cross-section area of the membrane Comment 5 Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Response F the more discussion of PEO effects has been written in membrane hydrophilicity section. the hydrophilic nature of PEO chain in Pluronic increased the diffusion rate of non-solvent during membrane formation. The increasing of nonsolvent in-diffusion rate promoted instantaneous demixing, which enhanced macrovoid formation. It has been reported that a rapid precipitation caused by the hydrophilicity of the additive results in higher surface porosity and more porous sublayer, leading to a higher water permeation. C.H. Loh et al. / Journal of Membrane Science 380 (2011) 114–123 Comment 6 The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Response F Thank you for your correction, we agree with your idea that the length of wet membrane has an effect on membrane shrinkage. We, therefore, calculated the membrane shrinkage by measuring the length of the wet cast and the dried membrane. Research group of Bilad (Bilad et al. 2015) designed the shrinkage calculation by measuring of the width of wet cast and the dried membrane. We revised the manuscript as follow: To study the effect of the blending of pluronic additives on the toughness of the PVC/ PF127 membrane, a membrane shrinkage test was performed. The wet cast of membrane at each PF127 concentration was dried in the oven for 24 hours at 80°C. The shrinkage of the membrane was calculated using Equation (3). Membrane shrink (%) = ((L0-L1)/(L0)) x 100 Where L 0 = length of wet membrane (cm) and L 1 = length of dried membrane (cm). Comment 7 Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Response F the conclussion in points has been re-written. The fabrication of PVC membrane with PF127 as an additive has been performed in this work. The characteristics and performance of the membrane have been analyzed in terms of the morphology, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, water permeability, and solute rejection, as well as membrane shrinkage. From this recent study, it can be concluded as follows: Morphological analysis using SEM shows the increasing the membrane porosity after addition of PF127. The water permeability of PVC membrane increases from 0.61 to 45.61 l/m2.hr.atm after addition of 7% PF127. However, the optimum filtration result, water permeability and rejection are found on the membrane with 3% addition PF127. It reach 20,2 L/m2.h for permeability and 68,66% for solute rejection. The number and length of the macrovoid structure in the center section of the membrane increased and change after the presence of PF127 Regarding the water contact angle observation, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the membrane improves as the proportion of PF127 is increased. On the basis of the results of the shrinkage test, it can be concluded that the PVC membrane obtained in this research is able to withstand extreme temperature conditions of up to 80°C. Regarding the experimental results, it can be concluded that PF127 succeeded in improving hydrophilic properties, filtration performance, and maintaining the stability of the membrane. Thus, the PVC-FP127 is useful to be applied in the water treatment industry. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Adi Putra Z. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34924 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v1#referee-response-34924 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 21 Jun 2018 Zulfan Adi Putra , Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34924 The work is about adding PF127 as the additive of a PVC membrane. Membrane characteristics and performances are measured. It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? ... Continue reading READ ALL The work is about adding PF127 as the additive of a PVC membrane. Membrane characteristics and performances are measured. It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? No Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Adi Putra Z. Reviewer Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34924 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v1#referee-response-34924 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 10 Jul 2018 Nasrul Arahman , Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 10 Jul 2018 Author Response Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for ... Continue reading Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. Response FIn this experiment, the best membrane is the membrane which has good both of permeability and selectivity. In other words, it has optimum filtration performance. As we know, permeability of membrane has opposite relation to its selectivity. Higher water permeability leads lower selectivity, therefore the optimum value of permeability and selectivity is the best performance of membrane. In this study, the addition of 7% PF127 produced highest water permeability, but it has the lowest rejection. In previous study, Lv (2007) investigated the addition of Pluronic F127 to CA membrane with the concentration 0 ; 4 ; 8 ; 12 ; 16 ; and 20 %. The result showed that the addition of PF127 higher than 8% enhance membrane porosity and decrease solute rejection. So that, in this study the use of PF127 is maximum 7%. The source of previous study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.011 Comment 2 The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? Response F Thank you for the comment. In this experiment, the shrinkage test is designed at 80 degC, and the shrinkage impact is not so significant. Comment 3 For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. Response Fin this experimet, the all of permeability test were conducted in certain setting time. So, For that condition, the graph will be better if consist of the value of permeability and additives concentration. Comment 4 All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Response F the analysis and the conclussion in points has been re-written. Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. Response FIn this experiment, the best membrane is the membrane which has good both of permeability and selectivity. In other words, it has optimum filtration performance. As we know, permeability of membrane has opposite relation to its selectivity. Higher water permeability leads lower selectivity, therefore the optimum value of permeability and selectivity is the best performance of membrane. In this study, the addition of 7% PF127 produced highest water permeability, but it has the lowest rejection. In previous study, Lv (2007) investigated the addition of Pluronic F127 to CA membrane with the concentration 0 ; 4 ; 8 ; 12 ; 16 ; and 20 %. The result showed that the addition of PF127 higher than 8% enhance membrane porosity and decrease solute rejection. So that, in this study the use of PF127 is maximum 7%. The source of previous study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.011 Comment 2 The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? Response F Thank you for the comment. In this experiment, the shrinkage test is designed at 80 degC, and the shrinkage impact is not so significant. Comment 3 For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. Response Fin this experimet, the all of permeability test were conducted in certain setting time. So, For that condition, the graph will be better if consist of the value of permeability and additives concentration. Comment 4 All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Response F the analysis and the conclussion in points has been re-written. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 10 Jul 2018 Nasrul Arahman , Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 10 Jul 2018 Author Response Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for ... Continue reading Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. Response FIn this experiment, the best membrane is the membrane which has good both of permeability and selectivity. In other words, it has optimum filtration performance. As we know, permeability of membrane has opposite relation to its selectivity. Higher water permeability leads lower selectivity, therefore the optimum value of permeability and selectivity is the best performance of membrane. In this study, the addition of 7% PF127 produced highest water permeability, but it has the lowest rejection. In previous study, Lv (2007) investigated the addition of Pluronic F127 to CA membrane with the concentration 0 ; 4 ; 8 ; 12 ; 16 ; and 20 %. The result showed that the addition of PF127 higher than 8% enhance membrane porosity and decrease solute rejection. So that, in this study the use of PF127 is maximum 7%. The source of previous study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.011 Comment 2 The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? Response F Thank you for the comment. In this experiment, the shrinkage test is designed at 80 degC, and the shrinkage impact is not so significant. Comment 3 For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. Response Fin this experimet, the all of permeability test were conducted in certain setting time. So, For that condition, the graph will be better if consist of the value of permeability and additives concentration. Comment 4 All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Response F the analysis and the conclussion in points has been re-written. Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. Response FIn this experiment, the best membrane is the membrane which has good both of permeability and selectivity. In other words, it has optimum filtration performance. As we know, permeability of membrane has opposite relation to its selectivity. Higher water permeability leads lower selectivity, therefore the optimum value of permeability and selectivity is the best performance of membrane. In this study, the addition of 7% PF127 produced highest water permeability, but it has the lowest rejection. In previous study, Lv (2007) investigated the addition of Pluronic F127 to CA membrane with the concentration 0 ; 4 ; 8 ; 12 ; 16 ; and 20 %. The result showed that the addition of PF127 higher than 8% enhance membrane porosity and decrease solute rejection. So that, in this study the use of PF127 is maximum 7%. The source of previous study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.011 Comment 2 The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? Response F Thank you for the comment. In this experiment, the shrinkage test is designed at 80 degC, and the shrinkage impact is not so significant. Comment 3 For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. Response Fin this experimet, the all of permeability test were conducted in certain setting time. So, For that condition, the graph will be better if consist of the value of permeability and additives concentration. Comment 4 All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Response F the analysis and the conclussion in points has been re-written. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 12 Jun 2018 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 2 (revision) 10 Jul 18 read read Version 1 12 Jun 18 read read Zulfan Adi Putra , Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia Heba Abdallah , National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2018 Adi Putra Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 30 Jul 2018 | for Version 2 Zulfan Adi Putra , Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia 0 Views copyright © 2018 Adi Putra Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The authors have corrected the paper accordingly. Herewith I recommend accepting this paper. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Adi Putra Z. Peer Review Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35902) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2#referee-response-35902 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2018 Abdallah H. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 11 Jul 2018 | for Version 2 Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt 0 Views copyright © 2018 Abdallah H. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I recommend accepting the article Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Membrane technology, Production of polymeric membranes I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Abdallah H. Peer Review Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16896.r35903) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v2#referee-response-35903 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2018 Abdallah H. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Jun 2018 | for Version 1 Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt 0 Views copyright © 2018 Abdallah H. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The article studied the effect of addition of pluronic F127 on the PVC membrane morphology and performance. The article needs Minor Revision. Introduction The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. In section membrane preparation I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? SEM section SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Membrane hydrophilicity Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Membrane Shrinkage The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Conclusion Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No References 1. Bilad M, Guillen-Burrieza E, Mavukkandy M, Al Marzooqi F, et al.: Shrinkage, defect and membrane distillation performance of composite PVDF membranes. Desalination . 2015; 376 : 62-72 Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Membrane technology, Production of polymeric membranes I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 10 Jul 2018 Nasrul Arahman, Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Heba Abdallah , Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Comment 1 The authors should do a comparison between this work and other previous work in terms of different surfactant additions, rejection % and permeability. Response F The comparison between previous works has been added to Introduction at third paragraph. The manuscript is written as follows: The hydrophilic polymers that are frequently used as an additive are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, Brij, Tetronic, and Pluronic 7 , 8 . Of these, Pluronic is used as a surface modifying agent for many hydrophobic polymers. Raslan and Mohammad 9 added Pluronic F127 to a polysulfone membrane. The resulting membrane is resistant to fouling and possesses good pore distribution 9 . The highest flux reached up to around 800 L/m 2 .h at 4,5 bar with 4,8 g addition of PF127. Pluronic has also been used to improve the anti-fouling of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes 10 . The combination of CA polymer and Pluronic surfactant results in a membrane that is more resistant to fouling and has a more stable filtration profile. Hydrophilic surfactant Tween20 and Tween80 has been used to enhance the permeation and antifouling properties of PVC membrane. The surfactants were added as 0; 1; 3; 5; and 7 % to dope membrane. The result showed that higher concentration of the both surfactant resulting higher water flux. The highest water flux is 328,6 L/m2.h with 7% Tween20 addition. Contrary to the rejection performance of BSA, the result showed decreasing rejection value in higher surfactant addition. The BSA rejection by PVC original membrane is about 97%, after addition of surfactant additives the rejection value decreased up to around 86-87,5% at 7% Tween20 and Tween80. Comment 2 I think this is wrong - thickness in micrometer (0.450 µm too thin) the wet thickness using most knifes or applicators can reach to 0.45 mm or 450 micrometer F There was a typo and it has been revised in membrane preparation section as follows: The solution was then framed on a glass plate using an automatically adjustable applicator (YBA-3, Yoshimitsu, Japan) at a thickness of 450 µm. Comment 3 Explain where PF127 is added - is it added in polymeric solution or in coagulation bath? Response Fwe have rewrite the script in membrane preparation section To improve the performance of the membrane, PF127 was added at concentrations of 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt% to polymeric solutions and dissolve until homogene. Comment 4 SEM section need more discussion, explain why the addition of 3% PF127 in fig 2b indicates the biggest finger like formation compared to 5 and 7%? Response F The more discussion of finger like formation has been added in the second paragraph of membrane morphology discussion. The finger like structure forms at PVC membrane with 3wt% of PF127 is dominate a half of the crossection area of the membrane. While, in case of the addition of 5 and 7wt% of PF127, the finger-like structure formed in all cross-section area of the membrane Comment 5 Explain how the PEO effects the membrane, with a reference? Response F the more discussion of PEO effects has been written in membrane hydrophilicity section. the hydrophilic nature of PEO chain in Pluronic increased the diffusion rate of non-solvent during membrane formation. The increasing of nonsolvent in-diffusion rate promoted instantaneous demixing, which enhanced macrovoid formation. It has been reported that a rapid precipitation caused by the hydrophilicity of the additive results in higher surface porosity and more porous sublayer, leading to a higher water permeation. C.H. Loh et al. / Journal of Membrane Science 380 (2011) 114–123 Comment 6 The method of measuring shrinkage is not correct, it depends on the length of wet membrane, which means the blend membrane will absorb more water due to hydrophilicity, so I think that can affect the wet length of the membrane. See this reference and repeat your shrinkage experiment: Bilad M et al , 2015 1 Response F Thank you for your correction, we agree with your idea that the length of wet membrane has an effect on membrane shrinkage. We, therefore, calculated the membrane shrinkage by measuring the length of the wet cast and the dried membrane. Research group of Bilad (Bilad et al. 2015) designed the shrinkage calculation by measuring of the width of wet cast and the dried membrane. We revised the manuscript as follow: To study the effect of the blending of pluronic additives on the toughness of the PVC/ PF127 membrane, a membrane shrinkage test was performed. The wet cast of membrane at each PF127 concentration was dried in the oven for 24 hours at 80°C. The shrinkage of the membrane was calculated using Equation (3). Membrane shrink (%) = ((L0-L1)/(L0)) x 100 Where L 0 = length of wet membrane (cm) and L 1 = length of dried membrane (cm). Comment 7 Re-write the conclusion in points to indicate your results clearly. Response F the conclussion in points has been re-written. The fabrication of PVC membrane with PF127 as an additive has been performed in this work. The characteristics and performance of the membrane have been analyzed in terms of the morphology, hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties, water permeability, and solute rejection, as well as membrane shrinkage. From this recent study, it can be concluded as follows: Morphological analysis using SEM shows the increasing the membrane porosity after addition of PF127. The water permeability of PVC membrane increases from 0.61 to 45.61 l/m2.hr.atm after addition of 7% PF127. However, the optimum filtration result, water permeability and rejection are found on the membrane with 3% addition PF127. It reach 20,2 L/m2.h for permeability and 68,66% for solute rejection. The number and length of the macrovoid structure in the center section of the membrane increased and change after the presence of PF127 Regarding the water contact angle observation, it is found that the hydrophilicity of the membrane improves as the proportion of PF127 is increased. On the basis of the results of the shrinkage test, it can be concluded that the PVC membrane obtained in this research is able to withstand extreme temperature conditions of up to 80°C. Regarding the experimental results, it can be concluded that PF127 succeeded in improving hydrophilic properties, filtration performance, and maintaining the stability of the membrane. Thus, the PVC-FP127 is useful to be applied in the water treatment industry. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Abdallah H. Peer Review Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34922) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v1#referee-response-34922 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2018 Adi Putra Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 21 Jun 2018 | for Version 1 Zulfan Adi Putra , Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia 0 Views copyright © 2018 Adi Putra Z. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The work is about adding PF127 as the additive of a PVC membrane. Membrane characteristics and performances are measured. It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? No Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 10 Jul 2018 Nasrul Arahman, Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Comment 1 It is, however, not clear why the addition is only until 7%. Is there any reason for this? Looking at the results, better performance could be obtain for higher concentration of PF127. In this sense, we cannot conclude the way it is concluded now. Response FIn this experiment, the best membrane is the membrane which has good both of permeability and selectivity. In other words, it has optimum filtration performance. As we know, permeability of membrane has opposite relation to its selectivity. Higher water permeability leads lower selectivity, therefore the optimum value of permeability and selectivity is the best performance of membrane. In this study, the addition of 7% PF127 produced highest water permeability, but it has the lowest rejection. In previous study, Lv (2007) investigated the addition of Pluronic F127 to CA membrane with the concentration 0 ; 4 ; 8 ; 12 ; 16 ; and 20 %. The result showed that the addition of PF127 higher than 8% enhance membrane porosity and decrease solute rejection. So that, in this study the use of PF127 is maximum 7%. The source of previous study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.02.011 Comment 2 The same goes with the shrinkage test, where it is only tested at 80 degC. Hence, the respective conclusion is not correct. At 7%, the shrinkage is about 10%, is it not already significant shrinkage? Response F Thank you for the comment. In this experiment, the shrinkage test is designed at 80 degC, and the shrinkage impact is not so significant. Comment 3 For the permeability test, it will be clearer if all various additives are put on the same graph, with the x-axis as the time and y-axis as the permeability. Then, we can see and compare the performance better. Response Fin this experimet, the all of permeability test were conducted in certain setting time. So, For that condition, the graph will be better if consist of the value of permeability and additives concentration. Comment 4 All in all, the analysis of the data and the conclusion need to be revisited. Response F the analysis and the conclussion in points has been re-written. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Adi Putra Z. Peer Review Report For: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127 [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.16418.r34924) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/7-726/v1#referee-response-34924 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Click here to access the data. The problem Spreadsheet data files may not format correctly if your computer is using different default delimiters (symbols used to separate values into separate cells) - a spreadsheet created in one region is sometimes misinterpreted by computers in other regions. You can change the regional settings on your computer so that the spreadsheet can be interpreted correctly. How to fix it Save downloaded CSV file Open spreadsheet program (e.g. Excel) Click the ‘Data’ tab at the top Click the ‘From text’ icon (top left) Browse for downloaded CSV file, click ‘Import’ Ensure ‘Delimited’ radio button is selected, click ‘Next’ Check one of the appropriate delimiter checkboxes (you can visualize the formatting by looking at the data preview below these options) Click ‘Finish’ Downloaded data do not display as expected? Download the data Dataset citation: Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY and Fathanah U. Dataset 1 in: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127. F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15077.d206401) Close Click here to access the data. The problem Spreadsheet data files may not format correctly if your computer is using different default delimiters (symbols used to separate values into separate cells) - a spreadsheet created in one region is sometimes misinterpreted by computers in other regions. You can change the regional settings on your computer so that the spreadsheet can be interpreted correctly. How to fix it Save downloaded CSV file Open spreadsheet program (e.g. Excel) Click the ‘Data’ tab at the top Click the ‘From text’ icon (top left) Browse for downloaded CSV file, click ‘Import’ Ensure ‘Delimited’ radio button is selected, click ‘Next’ Check one of the appropriate delimiter checkboxes (you can visualize the formatting by looking at the data preview below these options) Click ‘Finish’ Downloaded data do not display as expected? Download the data Dataset citation: Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY and Fathanah U. Dataset 2 in: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127. F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15077.d206402) Close Click here to access the data. The problem Spreadsheet data files may not format correctly if your computer is using different default delimiters (symbols used to separate values into separate cells) - a spreadsheet created in one region is sometimes misinterpreted by computers in other regions. You can change the regional settings on your computer so that the spreadsheet can be interpreted correctly. How to fix it Save downloaded CSV file Open spreadsheet program (e.g. Excel) Click the ‘Data’ tab at the top Click the ‘From text’ icon (top left) Browse for downloaded CSV file, click ‘Import’ Ensure ‘Delimited’ radio button is selected, click ‘Next’ Check one of the appropriate delimiter checkboxes (you can visualize the formatting by looking at the data preview below these options) Click ‘Finish’ Downloaded data do not display as expected? Download the data Dataset citation: Arahman N, Fahrina A, Wahab MY and Fathanah U. Dataset 3 in: Morphology and performance of polyvinyl chloride membrane modified with Pluronic F127. F1000Research 2018, 7 :726 (https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.15077.d206403) Close Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. 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