The factors associated with arrhythmia during dialysis course in maintained hemodialysis patients

The factors associated with arrhythmia during dialysis course in maintained hemodialysis patients | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The factors associated with arrhythmia during dialysis course in maintained hemodialysis patients Yongyu Feng, Yisheng Liang, Zhonglin Feng, Shuangxin Liu, Lixia Xu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6162194/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are high in maintained hemodialysis patients. Arrhythmia is known to predispose to sudden cardiac death. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of arrhythmia during dialysis course and analyze the factors of arrhythmia in these patients. Methods Two hundred and seventy-nine maintained hemodialysis patients were assessed by standard examination including heart rate, 12-lead electrocardiography and laboratory tests like electrolytes (Na (+), K (+), Ca (++), phosphate), urea, and creatinine, uric acid, blood glucose at beginning, 2h, ending of HD. The PR intervals, QRS duration and QT intervals for each lead were measured manually by one observer using calipers. Patients with arrhythmia pre-dialysis were excluded. And follow up the patients' prognosis outcomes. Results Arrhythmia was found in 92 patients in the dialysis session. Univariate analysis of the determinants of arrhythmia showed a direct relation with male (P = 0.004), old people (P = 0.000), longer dialysis duration, lower systolic blood pressure before dialysis (P = 0.013), lower diastolic blood pressure in the whole dialysis session (P < 0.05), longer PR interval (P = 0.000), longer QRSd interval (P < 0.05), longer corrected QT interval (QTc) during dialysis (P = 0.018), lower total calcium concentration (P = 0.033) and lower blood glucose concentration (p = 0.016)post-dialysis. The multivariate linear regression model showed that the only independent predictors of arrhythmia were gender (P = 0.001), age (P = 0.000), PR interval > 160mms post-dialysis and QRSd interval post-dialysis (P = 0.000 and p = 0.049 respectively). Followed up to 10 years, 197 patients died and 82 patients alive. The variables associated with all-cause mortality in the Cox model were Heart Failure (HF) (HR,2.4; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.37), coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR,2.78; 95% CI, 1.82to4.24), diabetes (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.69to 3.41), and QTc during dialysis ≥ 470ms (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.14to 2.17). Conclusion Male, old people, patients with PR interval and QRS duration prolongation after dialysis were correlated with attack of arrhythmia in maintained hemodialysis patients. Among patients with HF, diabetes, CHD, QTc during dialysis ≥ 470ms were associated with a substantially increased risk for mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular, and arrhythmic). Arrhythmia Hemodialysis PR interval QRS duration Figures Figure 1 Background Cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, transient ischemic attack or peripheral vascular disease were very common in renal failure and chronic hemodialysis patients [ 1 – 3 ]. All of them continue to be the most important risk factor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. More than 50% maintained hemodialysis patients died because of cardiovascular diseases and complications [ 4 , 5 ]. Sudden cardiac death is prevalent in dialysis center and it is an unexpected death from a cardiovascular cause with or without structural heart disease. It is very often caused by arrhythmia [ 6 , 7 ]. Reasons for great incidences of arrhythmia in dialysis patients are complex. Dialysis treatment can be considered as a risk factor, moreover, dialysis patients are characterized by a pro-arrhythmic substrate because of the high prevalence of ischemic heart disease, autonomic neuropathy disorder, drastic fluid and electrolyte shifts like calcium, potassium, magnesium, metabolic abnormalities and pH changes, which contrasts greatly to the smooth and continuous clearance provided by healthy kidneys, and all predispose to arrhythmic events [ 8 , 9 ]. Although arrhythmia has shown to be elevated in dialysis patients, the moment of highest arrhythmia risk during or after the hemodialysis session have not been so far investigated. At the same time, changes of electrolyte and cardiac electrophysiology in dialysis session of patients have not been addressed yet. Hence, we have undertaken this study of arrhythmias in the short term in order to evaluate the role of the major factors in the genesis of hemodialysis arrhythmias including potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), etc changes during dialysis. Methods Two hundred and seventy-nine patients with end stage renal disease (mean age 60.68 ± 14.87 years) attending routine HD sessions were enrolled in this study. All patients were receiving thrice weekly bicarbonate-based HD sessions lasting between 3.5 to 4 hours. All patient’s dialysis were K 2.0mmol/L and Ca 1.5mmol/L during the sessions. The exclusion criteria were patients with pacemaker, bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study was approved by Guangdong General Hospital. Fifteen minutes before and after HD and 2h during the session, 12-leads standard ECG were recorded using a Mortara instrument ELI 250, sequence 02010, (USA) electrocardiograph at paper speed of 50 mm/s and 10 mm/mV, 0.05-40 Hz, and a blood specimen was obtained at the same time of ECG. The ECGs were performed with the patients lying comfortably in the supine position and to ensure reproducibility of the ECGs before and after HD, the V1-V6 leads were obtained from fixed chest landmarks made, using a skin marker. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. The means and standard deviations (SD) of all variables were calculated. The relationship of the mean of differences between intervals and dispersions in groups (pre-HD during-HD and post-HD) and differences among subgroups were analyzed employed the student's t-test for paired data to determine the significance of differences. Univariate correlation coefficients were examined to assess the risk factor of arrhythmia; logistic regression was used to find the independent factors of arrhythmia. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed throughout the entire cohort to assess the impact of arrhythmia on the clinical outcomes of mortality. And P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Kaplan-Meier curves stratifying patients by arrhythmia was also constructed for selected outcomes. Result Demography data The mean age of the study patients was 60.68 ± 14.87 years. One hundred and fifty-seven patients (56.27%) were male and 122 patients (43.73%) were female. Patients with arrhythmia were more male and significantly older than the non-arrhythmia patients. Compared with non-arrhythmia group, the duration of dialysis was longer in arrhythmia group. But chronic glomerulonephritis ratio of protopathy in arrhythmia group was significantly lower than non-arrhythmia group. The mean systolic pressure of the arrhythmia group before dialysis was a little lower than that of non-arrhythmia group, but it was comparable during and after dialysis. However, the mean diastolic pressure of the arrhythmia group was significantly lower than that of the other group not only before dialysis but also during and after dialysis. (Table 1 ) Table 1 Comparison of patients with and without arrhythmia. total arrhythmia Non-arrhythmia p value gender(M/F) 279(157/122) 92(63/29) 187(94/93) 0.004 age(year) 60.68 ± 14.87 66.51 ± 13.35 57.82 ± 14.78 0.000 duration(mouth) 45(19,70) 49(19,81) 44(18.75,67.25) 0.184 protopathy 0.065 Diabetic kidney disesase(n) 79 29 50 Ischemia renal disease(n) 61 22 39 Chronic glomerulonephritis(n) 107 25 82 Another(n) 32 16 16 Hemoglobin(g/L) 106.50 ± 24.23 105.78 ± 20.02 106.82 ± 25.95 0.758 Albumin(g/L) 32.47 ± 3.85 32.47 ± 3.85 32.42 ± 4.15 0.918 Before dialysis SBP(mmHg) 144.97 ± 26.98 144.97 ± 26.98 153.57 ± 26.83 0.013 DBP(mmHg) 72.88 ± 13.82 72.88 ± 13.82 79.63 ± 14.84 0.000 Heartrate(bpm) 73.01 ± 13.85 73.01 ± 13.85 74.07 ± 9.67 0.514 PR(ms) 186.9 ± 34.96 186.9 ± 34.95 169.07 ± 22.41 0.000 QRSD(ms) 97.66 ± 18.44 97.66 ± 18.44 89.76 ± 10.76 0.000 QT(ms) 429.68 ± 39.86 429.68 ± 39.86 419.24 ± 37.66 0.034 QTc(ms) 465.04 ± 47.48 465.04 ± 47.48 461.63 ± 29.7 0.464 Phosphate(mmol/L) 1.91 ± 0.61 1.91 ± 0.61 1.98 ± 0.62 0.411 SCR(µmol/L) 923.96 ± 274.59 923.96 ± 274.59 1008.17 ± 312.19 0.029 BUN(mmol/L) 26.77 ± 8.97 26.77 ± 8.97 27.06 ± 8.23 0.789 GLU(mmol/L) 8.89 ± 4.02 8.89 ± 4.02 9.22 ± 4.68 0.557 Potassium(mmol/L) 5.00 ± 0.79 5.00 ± 0.79 4.96 ± 0.98 0.747 Na(mmol/L) 137.73 ± 3.72 137.73 ± 3.72 138.18 ± 4.07 0.370 Calcium(mmol/L) 2.19 ± 0.20 2.19 ± 0.20 2.22 ± 0.24 0.301 Total CO 2 (mmol/L) 22.70 ± 7.45 22.70 ± 7.45 22.09 ± 2.99 0.331 During dialysis SBP(mmHg) 146.38 ± 23.61 146.38 ± 23.61 149.75 ± 25.99 0.296 DBP(mmHg) 73.12 ± 12.14 73.12 ± 12.14 77.15 ± 13.63 0.017 Heartrate(bpm) 73.84 ± 16.12 73.84 ± 16.12 72.05 ± 9.97 0.331 PR(ms) 181.51 ± 37.37 181.51 ± 37.37 162.84 ± 20.03 0.000 QRSD(ms) 99.1 ± 19.78 99.1 ± 19.78 90.73 ± 10.32 0.000 QT(ms) 423.08 ± 58.37 423.08 ± 58.36 419.10 ± 34.45 0.547 QTc(ms) 467 ± 36.26 467 ± 36.26 456.87 ± 31.96 0.018 Phosphate(mmol/L) 1.02 ± 0.32 1.02 ± 0.32 1.01 ± 0.31 0.743 SCR(µmol/L) 521.51 ± 170.01 521.51 ± 170.01 553.86 ± 192.57 0.172 BUN(mmol/L) 13.37 ± 4.94 13.37 ± 4.94 13.22 ± 4.56 0.803 GLU(mmol/L) 5.72 ± 2.37 5.72 ± 2.37 6.19 ± 2.40 0.121 k(mmol/L) 4.04 ± 0.56 4.04 ± 0.56 3.93 ± 0.58 0.139 Na(mmol/L) 138.4 ± 2.93 138.4 ± 2.93 138.58 ± 3.44 0.656 Calcium(mmol/L) 2.35 ± 0.15 2.35 ± 0.15 2.38 ± 0.18 0.298 Total CO 2 (mmol/L) 25.14 ± 2.41 25.14 ± 2.41 24.82 ± 2.79 0.342 After dialysis SBP(mmHg) 147.77 ± 25.05 147.77 ± 25.05 152.76 ± 25.51 0.123 DBP(mmHg) 74.64 ± 13.13 74.64 ± 13.13 78.77 ± 14.27 0.020 Heartrate(bpm) 75.92 ± 14.94 75.92 ± 14.94 75.04 ± 11.34 0.586 PR(ms) 182.65 ± 35.08 182.65 ± 35.08 162.12 ± 22.3 0.000 QRSD(ms) 98.99 ± 18.03 98.99 ± 18.03 91.94 ± 10.90 0.001 QT(ms) 421.15 ± 38.49 421.15 ± 38.49 413.56 ± 49.12 0.195 QTc(ms) 468.85 ± 38.77 468.85 ± 38.76 461.54 ± 34.03 0.109 Phosphate(mmol/L) 0.86 ± 0.25 0.86 ± 0.25 0.88 ± 0.26 0.535 SCR(µmol/L) 380.35 ± 136.14 380.35 ± 136.14 396.95 ± 149.59 0.370 BUN(mmol/L) 8.28 ± 3.73 8.28 ± 3.73 8.2 ± 3.40 0.858 GLU(mmol/L) 5.55 ± 2.26 5.55 ± 2.26 6.32 ± 2.61 0.016 k(mmol/L) 3.67 ± 0.51 3.67 ± 0.51 3.67 ± 0.59 0.948 Na(mmol/L) 138.51 ± 3.43 138.51 ± 3.43 138.34 ± 3.28 0.683 Calcium(mmol/L) 2.47 ± 0.21 2.44 ± 0.16 2.49 ± 0.23 0.033 Total CO 2 (mmol/L) 26.08 ± 2.66 26.08 ± 2.66 25.63 ± 2.72 0.199 Abbreviations: F = female, M = male, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, QRSD = QRS duration, QTc = corrected QT interval, SCR = serum creatinine, BUN = Blood Urea Nitrogen, GLU = glucose Table 2 Multivariable Analysis of Associations Between Clinical Characteristics and Arrhythmia Unadjusted OR (95%) Adjusted OR (95%CI) p value Age(years) 1.05(1.03–1.07) 1.05(1.02–1.07) 0.000 Sex(female) 0.47(0.28–0.79) 0.35(0.19–0.65) 0.001 PR(After) > 160ms 4.50(2.45–8.92) 4.58(2.234–8.99) 0.000 QTc(during) ≥ 470ms 1.759(1.03–2.95) 1.84(1.00-3.37) 0.049 |ΔDBP| 1.90(1.08–3.33) 2.40(1.26–4.56) 0.008 Abbreviation: |ΔDBP|=the absolute value of the diastolic pressure difference between during dialysis and after dialysis Laboratory parameter of patients The albumin and hemoglobin were comparable between the two groups. The electrolytic ion concentration was detected at the before, during and after dialysis. As Table 1 was shown, K, Na, Ca, P, blood urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide combining power, were comparable between the two groups in the whole session. However, the creatinine before dialysis, Ca and glucose after dialysis were significantly lower in arrhythmia group. Electrocardiogram change in patients There is no difference in the heart rate between two groups. But the mean PR interval and QRS duration were significantly longer in arrhythmia in the whole dialysis session and the QT interval before dialysis and corrected QT interval during dialysis were longer too. Factors associated with arrhythmia Univariate analysis of the determinants of arrhythmia showed a direct relation with male (P = 0.004), old people (P = 0.000), longer dialysis duration, lower systolic blood pressure before dialysis (P = 0.013), lower diastolic blood pressure in the whole dialysis session (P < 0.05), longer PR interval (P = 0.000), longer QRSD interval (P < 0.05), longer QTc during dialysis (P = 0.018), higher total calcium concentration after dialysis (P = 0.033), higher blood glucose concentration after dialysis (P = 0.016) and higher serum creatinine before dialysis (P = 0.029). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the only independent predictors of arrhythmia were male (P = 0.001), old (P = 0.000), PR interval > 160ms post-dialysis(P = 0.000), corrected QT interval during dialysis and the absolute value of the diastolic pressure difference between during dialysis and after dialysis |ΔDBP| (P = 0.049 and P = 0.008 respectively) (Table 3 ). Table 3 Comparison of living patients and death patients. total Living (82) Death (197) p value gender(m/f) 279(157/122) 82(45/37) 197(112/85) 0.762 age(year) 60.68 ± 14.87 47.76 ± 12.59 66.06 ± 12.21 0.000 Arrhythmia(n) 92 17 75 0.005 protopathy 0.000 Diabetic kidney disesase 79 9 70 Ischemia renal disease 61 12 49 Chronic glomerulonephritis 107 55 52 another 32 6 26 Hemoglobin(g/L) 106.50 ± 24.23 108.27 ± 18.37 105.75 ± 26.34 0.758 Albumin(g/L) 32.47 ± 3.85 32.99 ± 5.11 32.2 ± 3.5 0.315 Before dialysis SBP(mmHg) 144.97 ± 26.98 148.82 ± 28.58 151.53 ± 26.54 0.449 DBP(mmHg) 72.88 ± 13.82 83.85 ± 14.77 74.72 ± 14.04 0.000 Heartrate(bpm) 73.01 ± 13.85 73.78 ± 10.39 73.7 ± 11.56 0.958 PR(ms) 186.9 ± 34.96 168.47 ± 23.5 177.65 ± 29.84 0.014 QRSD(ms) 97.66 ± 18.44 89.97 ± 9.2 93.36 ± 15.78 0.026 QT(ms) 429.68 ± 39.86 418.05 ± 38.73 424.61 ± 38.54 0.197 QTc(ms) 465.04 ± 47.48 457.74 ± 28.08 464.84 ± 39.33 0.139 Phosphate(mmol/L) 1.91 ± 0.61 2.02 ± 0.61 1.93 ± 0.61 0.231 SCR(µmol/L) 923.96 ± 274.59 1141.28 ± 313.47 913.43 ± 271.62 0.000 BUN(mmol/L) 26.77 ± 8.97 28.42 ± 8.7 26.36 ± 8.32 0.064 GLU(mmol/L) 8.89 ± 4.02 7.69 ± 3.51 9.7 ± 4.69 0.000 k(mmol/L) 5.00 ± 0.79 5.00 ± 0.89 4.96 ± 0.93 0.686 Na(mmol/L) 137.73 ± 3.72 139.2 ± 3.92 137.55 ± 3.88 0.001 Calcium(mmol/L) 2.19 ± 0.20 2.22 ± 0.24 2.21 ± 0.22 0.950 Total CO 2 (mmol/L) 22.7 ± 7.45 22.09 ± 3.29 22.38 ± 5.46 0.663 During dialysis SBP(mmHg) 146.38 ± 23.61 147.07 ± 24.59 149.29 ± 25.54 0.504 DBP(mmHg) 73.12 ± 12.14 81.39 ± 14.29 73.51 ± 12.13 0.000 Heartrate(bpm) 73.84 ± 16.12 69.73 ± 10.19 73.85 ± 12.97 0.011 PR(ms) 181.51 ± 37.37 164.8 ± 23.76 170.74 ± 29.91 0.110 QRSD(ms) 99.1 ± 19.78 91.41 ± 10.14 94.35 ± 16.12 0.128 QT(ms) 423.08 ± 58.37 419.22 ± 36.75 420.9 ± 46.41 0.770 QTc(ms) 467 ± 36.26 448.86 ± 31.14 464.93 ± 33.69 0.000 Phosphate(mmol/L) 1.02 ± 0.32 0.98 ± 0.28 1.03 ± 0.33 0.305 SCR(µmol/L) 521.51 ± 170.01 617.54 ± 192.73 512.25 ± 174.11 0.000 BUN(mmol/L) 13.37 ± 4.94 13.82 ± 5.07 13.04 ± 4.50 0.203 GLU(mmol/L) 5.72 ± 2.37 5.46 ± 1.58 6.27 ± 2.63 0.002 k(mmol/L) 4.04 ± 0.56 3.90 ± 0.50 4.00 ± 0.60 0.211 Na(mmol/L) 138.4 ± 2.93 139.33 ± 3.69 138.19 ± 3.04 0.007 Calcium(mmol/L) 2.35 ± 0.15 2.40 ± 0.18 2.36 ± 0.17 0.052 Total CO 2 (mmol/L) 25.14 ± 2.41 25.22 ± 3.16 24.8 ± 2.44 0.235 After dialysis SBP(mmHg) 147.77 ± 25.05 148.28 ± 24.33 152.3 ± 25.83 0.229 DBP(mmHg) 74.64 ± 13.13 81.63 ± 15.5 75.65 ± 12.99 0.001 Heartrate(bpm) 75.92 ± 14.94 73.69 ± 13.19 76.01 ± 12.34 0.163 PR(ms) 182.65 ± 35.08 163.35 ± 30.89 171.19 ± 27.63 0.038 QRSD(ms) 98.99 ± 18.03 91.98 ± 10.49 95.22 ± 15.19 0.079 QT(ms) 421.15 ± 38.49 406.98 ± 57.56 419.84 ± 39.72 0.033 QTc(ms) 468.85 ± 38.77 452.05 ± 31.97 468.9 ± 36.16 0.000 Phosphate(mmol/L) 0.86 ± 0.25 0.89 ± 0.24 0.87 ± 0.27 0.494 CREA(µmol/L) 380.35 ± 136.14 439.32 ± 160.32 371.56 ± 133.98 0.000 BUN(mmol/L) 8.28 ± 3.73 8.61 ± 3.79 8.06 ± 3.38 0.232 GLU(mmol/L) 5.55 ± 2.26 5.52 ± 1.88 6.30 ± 2.72 0.006 k(mmol/L) 3.67 ± 0.51 3.7 ± 0.61 3.66 ± 0.54 0.512 Na(mmol/L) 138.51 ± 3.43 138.88 ± 3.5 138.19 ± 3.24 0.117 Calcium(mmol/L) 2.47 ± 0.21 2.44 ± 0.01 2.55 ± 0.03 0.000 Total CO 2 (mmol/L) 26.08 ± 2.66 25.67 ± 2.74 25.82 ± 2.69 0.663 Analyses of Mortality Patients were followed up to 10 years, during this period, 197 patients died with an average age of (66.06 ± 12.21) years, 82 patients alive with an average age of (47.76 ± 12.59) years. Of the 197 patients, 56.27% was male, 38% had arrhythmia, 35.5% had Diabetic kidney disease. The mean diastolic pressure of death group was lower in the whole dialysis session, and the QT interval after dialysis and corrected QT interval during dialysis were longer (Table 3 ). We independently analyzed the association between arrhythmia and survival. Mean survival was 15 years for patients’ non-arrhythmia and 11 years for patients with arrhythmia; all-cause mortality was higher among patients with arrhythmia (log rank = 6.48; P = 0.011). The survival curves show a clear difference between the patients with and without arrhythmia (Fig. 1 ). However, arrhythmia is no longer statistically significant after add other variables. The variables associated with all-cause mortality in the Cox model were HF (HR,2.4; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.37), CHD (HR,2.78; 95% CI, 1.82to4.24), diabetes (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.69to 3.41), and QTc during dialysis ≥ 470mms (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.14to 2.17) (Table 4 ). Table 4 Cox proportional hazards analysis for Death. RR 95%CI P value HF 2.4 1.32–4.37 0.004 CHD 2.78 1.82–4.24 0.000 Diabetes 2.4 1.69–3.41 0.000 QTc(during) ≥ 470mms 1.57 1.14–2.17 0.006 Discussion Despite remarkable advancements in dialysis technology, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in maintenance dialysis patients [ 5 ]. Data from the Guangdong Dialysis Registry reveal that nearly 60% of deaths in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are attributable to CVD. The high prevalence of comorbid conditions—including diabetes mellitus, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hypertension—collectively contributes to cardiac structural remodeling. Furthermore, hemodynamic stress and electrolyte flux during dialysis sessions exacerbate the risk of clinically significant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. This retrospective study identified arrhythmias in 33.09% of hemodialysis patients during dialysis sessions. Despite comparable hemoglobin, albumin, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels between groups, male sex, advanced age, and post-dialysis prolongation of PR interval and QRS duration (QRSD) demonstrated significant associations with arrhythmia development. Multivariate analysis revealed male gender (OR = 0.35) and aging (OR = 1.05/year) as independent risk factors. The gender disparity may reflect testosterone-mediated myocardial fibrosis and sympathetic activation in males versus cardioprotective estrogen effects in females [ 10 ]. Age-related cardiovascular remodeling, characterized by cardiomyocyte phenotypic alterations and progressive collagen deposition, likely underlies the elevated arrhythmia risk in elderly patients [ 11 ]. Although post-dialysis potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) levels showed no intergroup differences, the arrhythmia cohort exhibited significantly lower post-dialysis glucose (GLU) and Ca²⁺ concentrations. This metabolic profile may correlate with insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorders in MHD patients [ 12 ]. Experimental evidence links insulin-induced hypoglycemia to QT prolongation via sympathoadrenal activation and increased myocardial automaticity [ 13 – 14 ]. Concurrent hypocalcemia potentiates arrhythmogenesis by impairing myocardial repolarization through delayed action potential phase 3 [ 15 ]. The synergistic interaction between hypocalcemia (prolonging QT interval) and hypoglycemia (elevating sympathetic tone) may amplify transmural repolarization heterogeneity. Additionally, hypocalcemia-induced vascular smooth muscle hypotonia compromises blood pressure regulation, exacerbating dialysis-associated hemodynamic instability. Acute blood pressure fluctuations independently correlate with arrhythmia risk, potentially mediated by mechano-electric feedback mechanisms involving stretch-activated cation channels (e.g., TRPV, TREK) that alter action potential duration (APD) and repolarization dispersion [ 16 – 17 ]. Prolonged post-dialysis PR interval and QRSD in the arrhythmia group suggest underlying atrial and ventricular conduction abnormalities, despite optimal correction of fluid overload and metabolic acidosis. Electrocardiographic parameters offer practical, cost-effective biomarkers for structural cardiac changes. HD patients frequently exhibit left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial fibrosis [ 18 ], which disrupt electrical homogeneity and create anatomical substrates for reentrant arrhythmias. While prior research predominantly focused on QTc and QT dispersion, this study highlights the clinical relevance of PR interval alterations. The mean PR interval in Chinese MHD patients (exceeding 160 ms in males and 154 ms in females) significantly surpasses normative values [ 19 ]. Uremic toxin accumulation and calcium-phosphate dysregulation in CKD accelerate atrial apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis, impairing atrioventricular conduction [ 20 ]. PR prolongation reflects atrial electrical remodeling and correlates with increased risks of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and all-cause mortality [ 21 ]. QRSD prolongation in the arrhythmia group (post-dialysis QRSD ≥ 470 ms) may signify ventricular conduction defects secondary to LV structural abnormalities. Epidemiological studies associate QRS widening (> 100 ms) with incident heart failure in asymptomatic populations [ 22 ], while QRS ≥ 120 ms predicts adverse outcomes in atrial fibrillation cohorts [ 23 ]. Notably, pre-dialysis QRSD was significantly prolonged in deceased patients (Table 3 ), reinforcing its prognostic value. Both PR interval and QRSD independently predict renal function decline in general populations, correlating inversely with eGFR trajectory [ 24 ]. Multivariate analysis identified post-dialysis PR > 160 ms and intra-dialysis QRSD ≥ 470 ms as independent arrhythmia predictors. Adjusted models demonstrate that maximal PR/QRS quartiles confer 2-fold higher mortality risk versus minimal quartiles [ 25 ]. Repolarization disturbances (e.g., QTc prolongation ≥ 470 ms) predicted 57% increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.14–2.17) over 10-year follow-up (Log-rank p = 0.011). QTc prolongation reflects enhanced ventricular repolarization dispersion, a recognized precursor of torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death [ 26 ]. However, arrhythmia-mortality associations lost significance after multivariable adjustment, suggesting mediation through QTc prolongation. Larger cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings. QT dispersion—calculated as maximal-minimal QT interval across leads—remains controversial due to measurement variability and lack of standardized thresholds [ 27 – 28 ]. While it theoretically reflects spatial repolarization heterogeneity, its clinical utility requires further validation against gold-standard modalities. Conclusion This study establishes PR interval and QRSD as accessible biomarkers for arrhythmia risk stratification in MHD patients. The synergistic interplay between metabolic derangements, structural remodeling, and electrical instability underscores the need for integrative management strategies targeting both cardiovascular and renal pathologies. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong General Hospital (Approval No.:KY2024-616-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Author details Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Funding information This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution Yongyu Feng was responsible for design of the work，the acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data; Yisheng Liang, Zhonglin Feng, Shuangxin Liu contributed to writing and correcting the manuscript；Lixia Xu have drafted the work or substantively revised it. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and the participation of the patients in this study. Availability of data and materials The data will not be shared because the informed consent from subjects regarding the public availability for their data was not obtained. References Remppis A, Ritz E: Cardiac problems in the dialysis patient: beyond coronary disease. 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Nephrol Dial Transplant , 37 (5), 817-824. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa284 Soliman, E. Z., Alonso, A., Misialek, J. R., Jain, A., Watson, K. E., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Lima, J., Shea, S., Burke, G. L., & Heckbert, S. R. (2013). Reference ranges of PR duration and P-wave indices in individuals free of cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). J Electrocardiol , 46 (6), 702-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2013.05.006 Ali, Z. S., Bhuiyan, A., Vyas, P., Miranda-Arboleda, A. F., Tse, G., Bazoukis, G., Burak, C., Abuzeid, W., Lee, S., Gupta, S., Meghdadi, A., & Baranchuk, A. PR prolongation as a predictor of atrial fibrillation onset: A state-o f-the-art review. Current problems in cardiology , 49 (4), 102469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102469 Schumacher, K., Büttner, P., Dagres, N., Sommer, P., Dinov, B., Hindricks, G., Bollmann, A., & Kornej, J. (2018). 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Europace , 16 (6), 803-811. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eut335 Majima, S., Tanaka, M., Okada, H., Senmaru, T., Asano, M., Yamazaki, M., Toda, H., Oda, Y., Hasegawa, G., Nakamura, N., & Fukui, M. (2015). The PR interval and QRS duration could be predictors of renal function decline. Atherosclerosis , 240 (1), 105-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.001 Flueckiger, P., Pastan, S., Goyal, A., McClellan, W. W., & Patzer, R. E. (2014). Associations of ECG interval prolongations with mortality among ESRD patients evaluated for renal transplantation. Ann Transplant , 19 , 257-268. https://doi.org/10.12659/aot.889927 Moss, A. J. QTc prolongation and sudden cardiac death: the association is in the d etail. Journal of the American College of Cardiology , 47 (2), 368-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.024 Morris, S. T., Galiatsou, E., Stewart, G. A., Rodger, R. S., & Jardine, A. G. (1999). QT dispersion before and after hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol , 10 (1), 160-163. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.V101160 Day, C. P., McComb, J. M., & Campbell, R. W. (1990). QT dispersion: an indication of arrhythmia risk in patients with long QT intervals. Br Heart J , 63 (6), 342-344. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.63.6.342 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6162194","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":434116261,"identity":"292a19cf-463c-4bd2-a931-80df433565df","order_by":0,"name":"Yongyu Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":434116262,"identity":"5f634f63-c024-494e-92ad-866d225be1ba","order_by":1,"name":"Yisheng Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yisheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":434116264,"identity":"50a1bb68-a50f-4076-9a2d-ff2a3fc8d1f8","order_by":2,"name":"Zhonglin Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhonglin","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":434116265,"identity":"da99c4cb-d039-4874-96e0-121c3c4a9ac9","order_by":3,"name":"Shuangxin Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shuangxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":434116267,"identity":"3516e5da-b072-4d3c-bb33-818a27e1475e","order_by":4,"name":"Lixia Xu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5oYDDAYMcgwMCWzEamEEazEmTQuITGwgWovBjcTGwzwFdunz3XOPPWCouGfXwH72AF4tkjMSGw7OMEjO3XjmXboBw5ni5AaevAS8WvglEhsOfDBgzt04I8dMgrEtIZlBgscArxY2kJYEg/p0Q6K1QG05nCAvAdFiR1CLZM9DkF+OG27geZcmkXAmIYGNJwe/FoPjyYc/8/yplpdvzz0m8aEiwZ6f/Qx+LQi9B3iAsQmMoDbi1AOBfAMPmLYnWscoGAWjYBSMGAAAdYdEGBvAUOoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lixia","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-05 11:38:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6162194/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6162194/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79830869,"identity":"db2bd9b0-1cff-43e5-8ed5-5408b780243a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 10:29:03","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45614,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan –Meier curves for death by arrhythmia.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6162194/v1/7f0f830251a22116a6f15d2a.png"},{"id":81758855,"identity":"275188fc-caa5-415a-b9f1-c6f543267682","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-01 09:46:33","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":964806,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6162194/v1/50db20f1-4465-427d-a87a-52eab4742d32.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The factors associated with arrhythmia during dialysis course in maintained hemodialysis patients","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eCardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, transient ischemic attack or peripheral vascular disease were very common in renal failure and chronic hemodialysis patients [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. All of them continue to be the most important risk factor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. More than 50% maintained hemodialysis patients died because of cardiovascular diseases and complications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Sudden cardiac death is prevalent in dialysis center and it is an unexpected death from a cardiovascular cause with or without structural heart disease. It is very often caused by arrhythmia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReasons for great incidences of arrhythmia in dialysis patients are complex. Dialysis treatment can be considered as a risk factor, moreover, dialysis patients are characterized by a pro-arrhythmic substrate because of the high prevalence of ischemic heart disease, autonomic neuropathy disorder, drastic fluid and electrolyte shifts like calcium, potassium, magnesium, metabolic abnormalities and pH changes, which contrasts greatly to the smooth and continuous clearance provided by healthy kidneys, and all predispose to arrhythmic events [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough arrhythmia has shown to be elevated in dialysis patients, the moment of highest arrhythmia risk during or after the hemodialysis session have not been so far investigated. At the same time, changes of electrolyte and cardiac electrophysiology in dialysis session of patients have not been addressed yet. Hence, we have undertaken this study of arrhythmias in the short term in order to evaluate the role of the major factors in the genesis of hemodialysis arrhythmias including potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), etc changes during dialysis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eTwo hundred and seventy-nine patients with end stage renal disease (mean age 60.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.87 years) attending routine HD sessions were enrolled in this study. All patients were receiving thrice weekly bicarbonate-based HD sessions lasting between 3.5 to 4 hours. All patient\u0026rsquo;s dialysis were K 2.0mmol/L and Ca 1.5mmol/L during the sessions. The exclusion criteria were patients with pacemaker, bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study was approved by Guangdong General Hospital. Fifteen minutes before and after HD and 2h during the session, 12-leads standard ECG were recorded using a Mortara instrument ELI 250, sequence 02010, (USA) electrocardiograph at paper speed of 50 mm/s and 10 mm/mV, 0.05-40 Hz, and a blood specimen was obtained at the same time of ECG.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ECGs were performed with the patients lying comfortably in the supine position and to ensure reproducibility of the ECGs before and after HD, the V1-V6 leads were obtained from fixed chest landmarks made, using a skin marker.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. The means and standard deviations (SD) of all variables were calculated. The relationship of the mean of differences between intervals and dispersions in groups (pre-HD during-HD and post-HD) and differences among subgroups were analyzed employed the student's t-test for paired data to determine the significance of differences. Univariate correlation coefficients were examined to assess the risk factor of arrhythmia; logistic regression was used to find the independent factors of arrhythmia. P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed throughout the entire cohort to assess the impact of arrhythmia on the clinical outcomes of mortality. And P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Kaplan-Meier curves stratifying patients by arrhythmia was also constructed for selected outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Result","content":"\u003cp\u003eDemography data\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean age of the study patients was 60.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.87 years. One hundred and fifty-seven patients (56.27%) were male and 122 patients (43.73%) were female. Patients with arrhythmia were more male and significantly older than the non-arrhythmia patients. Compared with non-arrhythmia group, the duration of dialysis was longer in arrhythmia group. But chronic glomerulonephritis ratio of protopathy in arrhythmia group was significantly lower than non-arrhythmia group. The mean systolic pressure of the arrhythmia group before dialysis was a little lower than that of non-arrhythmia group, but it was comparable during and after dialysis. However, the mean diastolic pressure of the arrhythmia group was significantly lower than that of the other group not only before dialysis but also during and after dialysis. (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of patients with and without arrhythmia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003earrhythmia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-arrhythmia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egender(M/F)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e279(157/122)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92(63/29)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187(94/93)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eage(year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eduration(mouth)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45(19,70)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49(19,81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(18.75,67.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprotopathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic kidney disesase(n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIschemia renal disease(n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic glomerulonephritis(n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother(n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin(g/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;24.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbumin(g/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.918\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore dialysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeartrate(bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.514\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e169.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;22.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e429.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e429.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e419.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e465.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;47.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e465.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;47.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e461.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;29.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphate(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.411\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSCR(\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e923.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;274.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e923.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;274.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1008.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;312.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGLU(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.557\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotassium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.747\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.370\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring dialysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.296\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeartrate(bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e423.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;58.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e423.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;58.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e419.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.547\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e467\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e467\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e456.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphate(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.743\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSCR(\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e521.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;170.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e521.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;170.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e553.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;192.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGLU(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ek(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.656\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.298\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter dialysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeartrate(bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.586\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;35.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;35.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;22.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e421.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e421.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e413.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;49.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.195\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e468.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e468.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e461.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphate(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.535\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSCR(\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;136.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;136.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e396.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;149.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.370\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.858\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGLU(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ek(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.948\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.683\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eAbbreviations: F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;female, M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;male, SBP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;systolic blood pressure, DBP\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;diastolic blood pressure, QRSD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;QRS duration, QTc\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;corrected QT interval, SCR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;serum creatinine, BUN\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Blood Urea Nitrogen, GLU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;glucose\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariable Analysis of Associations Between Clinical Characteristics and Arrhythmia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnadjusted OR (95%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjusted OR (95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge(years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05(1.03\u0026ndash;1.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05(1.02\u0026ndash;1.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex(female)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.47(0.28\u0026ndash;0.79)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35(0.19\u0026ndash;0.65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(After)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160ms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.50(2.45\u0026ndash;8.92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.58(2.234\u0026ndash;8.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(during)\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470ms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.759(1.03\u0026ndash;2.95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.84(1.00-3.37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e|ΔDBP|\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.90(1.08\u0026ndash;3.33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.40(1.26\u0026ndash;4.56)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eAbbreviation: |ΔDBP|=the absolute value of the diastolic pressure difference between during dialysis and after dialysis\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaboratory parameter of patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe albumin and hemoglobin were comparable between the two groups. The electrolytic ion concentration was detected at the before, during and after dialysis. As Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e was shown, K, Na, Ca, P, blood urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide combining power, were comparable between the two groups in the whole session. However, the creatinine before dialysis, Ca and glucose after dialysis were significantly lower in arrhythmia group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrocardiogram change in patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is no difference in the heart rate between two groups. But the mean PR interval and QRS duration were significantly longer in arrhythmia in the whole dialysis session and the QT interval before dialysis and corrected QT interval during dialysis were longer too.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors associated with arrhythmia\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis of the determinants of arrhythmia showed a direct relation with male (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004), old people (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), longer dialysis duration, lower systolic blood pressure before dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.013), lower diastolic blood pressure in the whole dialysis session (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), longer PR interval (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), longer QRSD interval (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), longer QTc during dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.018), higher total calcium concentration after dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.033), higher blood glucose concentration after dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016) and higher serum creatinine before dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.029). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the only independent predictors of arrhythmia were male (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), old (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), PR interval\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160ms post-dialysis(P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), corrected QT interval during dialysis and the absolute value of the diastolic pressure difference between during dialysis and after dialysis |ΔDBP| (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.049 and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008 respectively) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of living patients and death patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiving (82)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeath (197)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egender(m/f)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e279(157/122)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82(45/37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197(112/85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.762\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eage(year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrhythmia(n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprotopathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic kidney disesase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIschemia renal disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic glomerulonephritis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eanother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin(g/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;24.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbumin(g/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.315\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore dialysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;26.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeartrate(bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;29.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e429.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e418.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e424.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e465.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;47.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e457.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphate(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.231\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSCR(\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e923.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;274.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1141.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;313.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e913.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;271.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGLU(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ek(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.686\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e139.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.950\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring dialysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;24.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeartrate(bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;29.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e423.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;58.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e419.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e420.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;46.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.770\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e467\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e448.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;33.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphate(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSCR(\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e521.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;170.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e617.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;192.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e512.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;174.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGLU(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ek(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e139.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.235\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter dialysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;24.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBP(mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeartrate(bpm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePR(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;35.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;30.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e421.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e406.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e419.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(ms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e468.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e452.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e468.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphate(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCREA(\u0026micro;mol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;136.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e439.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;160.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e371.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;133.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.232\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGLU(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ek(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.512\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalyses of Mortality\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients were followed up to 10 years, during this period, 197 patients died with an average age of (66.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.21) years, 82 patients alive with an average age of (47.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.59) years. Of the 197 patients, 56.27% was male, 38% had arrhythmia, 35.5% had Diabetic kidney disease. The mean diastolic pressure of death group was lower in the whole dialysis session, and the QT interval after dialysis and corrected QT interval during dialysis were longer (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). We independently analyzed the association between arrhythmia and survival. Mean survival was 15 years for patients\u0026rsquo; non-arrhythmia and 11 years for patients with arrhythmia; all-cause mortality was higher among patients with arrhythmia (log rank\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.48; P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011). The survival curves show a clear difference between the patients with and without arrhythmia (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). However, arrhythmia is no longer statistically significant after add other variables. The variables associated with all-cause mortality in the Cox model were HF (HR,2.4; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.37), CHD (HR,2.78; 95% CI, 1.82to4.24), diabetes (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.69to 3.41), and QTc during dialysis\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470mms (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.14to 2.17) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCox proportional hazards analysis for Death.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95%CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u0026ndash;4.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCHD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82\u0026ndash;4.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.69\u0026ndash;3.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTc(during)\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470mms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14\u0026ndash;2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eDespite remarkable advancements in dialysis technology, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in maintenance dialysis patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Data from the Guangdong Dialysis Registry reveal that nearly 60% of deaths in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are attributable to CVD. The high prevalence of comorbid conditions\u0026mdash;including diabetes mellitus, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and hypertension\u0026mdash;collectively contributes to cardiac structural remodeling. Furthermore, hemodynamic stress and electrolyte flux during dialysis sessions exacerbate the risk of clinically significant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis retrospective study identified arrhythmias in 33.09% of hemodialysis patients during dialysis sessions. Despite comparable hemoglobin, albumin, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels between groups, male sex, advanced age, and post-dialysis prolongation of PR interval and QRS duration (QRSD) demonstrated significant associations with arrhythmia development. Multivariate analysis revealed male gender (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.35) and aging (OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.05/year) as independent risk factors. The gender disparity may reflect testosterone-mediated myocardial fibrosis and sympathetic activation in males versus cardioprotective estrogen effects in females [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Age-related cardiovascular remodeling, characterized by cardiomyocyte phenotypic alterations and progressive collagen deposition, likely underlies the elevated arrhythmia risk in elderly patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough post-dialysis potassium (K⁺) and calcium (Ca\u0026sup2;⁺) levels showed no intergroup differences, the arrhythmia cohort exhibited significantly lower post-dialysis glucose (GLU) and Ca\u0026sup2;⁺ concentrations. This metabolic profile may correlate with insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorders in MHD patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Experimental evidence links insulin-induced hypoglycemia to QT prolongation via sympathoadrenal activation and increased myocardial automaticity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Concurrent hypocalcemia potentiates arrhythmogenesis by impairing myocardial repolarization through delayed action potential phase 3 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. The synergistic interaction between hypocalcemia (prolonging QT interval) and hypoglycemia (elevating sympathetic tone) may amplify transmural repolarization heterogeneity. Additionally, hypocalcemia-induced vascular smooth muscle hypotonia compromises blood pressure regulation, exacerbating dialysis-associated hemodynamic instability. Acute blood pressure fluctuations independently correlate with arrhythmia risk, potentially mediated by mechano-electric feedback mechanisms involving stretch-activated cation channels (e.g., TRPV, TREK) that alter action potential duration (APD) and repolarization dispersion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProlonged post-dialysis PR interval and QRSD in the arrhythmia group suggest underlying atrial and ventricular conduction abnormalities, despite optimal correction of fluid overload and metabolic acidosis. Electrocardiographic parameters offer practical, cost-effective biomarkers for structural cardiac changes. HD patients frequently exhibit left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial fibrosis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], which disrupt electrical homogeneity and create anatomical substrates for reentrant arrhythmias.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile prior research predominantly focused on QTc and QT dispersion, this study highlights the clinical relevance of PR interval alterations. The mean PR interval in Chinese MHD patients (exceeding 160 ms in males and 154 ms in females) significantly surpasses normative values [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Uremic toxin accumulation and calcium-phosphate dysregulation in CKD accelerate atrial apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis, impairing atrioventricular conduction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. PR prolongation reflects atrial electrical remodeling and correlates with increased risks of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and all-cause mortality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQRSD prolongation in the arrhythmia group (post-dialysis QRSD\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470 ms) may signify ventricular conduction defects secondary to LV structural abnormalities. Epidemiological studies associate QRS widening (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;100 ms) with incident heart failure in asymptomatic populations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e], while QRS\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;120 ms predicts adverse outcomes in atrial fibrillation cohorts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Notably, pre-dialysis QRSD was significantly prolonged in deceased patients (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), reinforcing its prognostic value.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoth PR interval and QRSD independently predict renal function decline in general populations, correlating inversely with eGFR trajectory [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Multivariate analysis identified post-dialysis PR\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160 ms and intra-dialysis QRSD\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470 ms as independent arrhythmia predictors. Adjusted models demonstrate that maximal PR/QRS quartiles confer 2-fold higher mortality risk versus minimal quartiles [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepolarization disturbances (e.g., QTc prolongation\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470 ms) predicted 57% increased all-cause mortality (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.57, 95%CI 1.14\u0026ndash;2.17) over 10-year follow-up (Log-rank p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011). QTc prolongation reflects enhanced ventricular repolarization dispersion, a recognized precursor of torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. However, arrhythmia-mortality associations lost significance after multivariable adjustment, suggesting mediation through QTc prolongation. Larger cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQT dispersion\u0026mdash;calculated as maximal-minimal QT interval across leads\u0026mdash;remains controversial due to measurement variability and lack of standardized thresholds [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. While it theoretically reflects spatial repolarization heterogeneity, its clinical utility requires further validation against gold-standard modalities.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study establishes PR interval and QRSD as accessible biomarkers for arrhythmia risk stratification in MHD patients. The synergistic interplay between metabolic derangements, structural remodeling, and electrical instability underscores the need for integrative management strategies targeting both cardiovascular and renal pathologies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":" \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong General Hospital (Approval No.:KY2024-616-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAuthor details\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDepartment of Nephrology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People\u0026rsquo;s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding information\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eYongyu Feng was responsible for design of the work，the acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data; Yisheng Liang, Zhonglin Feng, Shuangxin Liu contributed to writing and correcting the manuscript；Lixia Xu have drafted the work or substantively revised it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors gratefully acknowledge the support and the participation of the patients in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data will not be shared because the informed consent from subjects regarding the public availability for their data was not obtained.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemppis A, Ritz E: Cardiac problems in the dialysis patient: beyond coronary disease. 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Associations of ECG interval prolongations with mortality among ESRD patients evaluated for renal transplantation. \u003cem\u003eAnn Transplant\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 19\u003c/em\u003e, 257-268. https://doi.org/10.12659/aot.889927 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoss, A. J. QTc prolongation and sudden cardiac death: the association is in the d etail. \u003cem\u003eJournal of the American College of Cardiology\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 47\u003c/em\u003e(2), 368-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.024 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMorris, S. T., Galiatsou, E., Stewart, G. A., Rodger, R. S., \u0026amp; Jardine, A. G. (1999). QT dispersion before and after hemodialysis. \u003cem\u003eJ Am Soc Nephrol\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 10\u003c/em\u003e(1), 160-163. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.V101160 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDay, C. P., McComb, J. M., \u0026amp; Campbell, R. W. (1990). QT dispersion: an indication of arrhythmia risk in patients with long QT intervals. \u003cem\u003eBr Heart J\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e 63\u003c/em\u003e(6), 342-344. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.63.6.342 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Arrhythmia, Hemodialysis, PR interval, QRS duration","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6162194/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6162194/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular mortality and morbidity are high in maintained hemodialysis patients. Arrhythmia is known to predispose to sudden cardiac death. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of arrhythmia during dialysis course and analyze the factors of arrhythmia in these patients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo hundred and seventy-nine maintained hemodialysis patients were assessed by standard examination including heart rate, 12-lead electrocardiography and laboratory tests like electrolytes (Na (+), K (+), Ca (++), phosphate), urea, and creatinine, uric acid, blood glucose at beginning, 2h, ending of HD. The PR intervals, QRS duration and QT intervals for each lead were measured manually by one observer using calipers. Patients with arrhythmia pre-dialysis were excluded. And follow up the patients' prognosis outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eArrhythmia was found in 92 patients in the dialysis session. Univariate analysis of the determinants of arrhythmia showed a direct relation with male (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004), old people (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), longer dialysis duration, lower systolic blood pressure before dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.013), lower diastolic blood pressure in the whole dialysis session (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), longer PR interval (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), longer QRSd interval (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), longer corrected QT interval (QTc) during dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.018), lower total calcium concentration (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.033) and lower blood glucose concentration (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.016)post-dialysis. The multivariate linear regression model showed that the only independent predictors of arrhythmia were gender (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), age (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000), PR interval\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;160mms post-dialysis and QRSd interval post-dialysis (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000 and p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.049 respectively). Followed up to 10 years, 197 patients died and 82 patients alive. The variables associated with all-cause mortality in the Cox model were Heart Failure (HF) (HR,2.4; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.37), coronary heart disease (CHD) (HR,2.78; 95% CI, 1.82to4.24), diabetes (HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.69to 3.41), and QTc during dialysis\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470ms (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.14to 2.17).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale, old people, patients with PR interval and QRS duration prolongation after dialysis were correlated with attack of arrhythmia in maintained hemodialysis patients. Among patients with HF, diabetes, CHD, QTc during dialysis\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;470ms were associated with a substantially increased risk for mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular, and arrhythmic).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The factors associated with arrhythmia during dialysis course in maintained hemodialysis patients","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-03 10:20:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6162194/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"be4fdb11-39ae-488c-8727-fd266df7bdd9","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-01T09:38:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-03 10:20:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6162194","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6162194","identity":"rs-6162194","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}