Ecology, Culture and Tourism Integration Efficiency, Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors in Chinese Provinces

Ecology, Culture and Tourism Integration Efficiency, Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors in Chinese Provinces | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Ecology, Culture and Tourism Integration Efficiency, Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors in Chinese Provinces Ruihan ZHENG, Yufei ZHANG This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781011/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To gain a deeper understanding of the development trends in the integration efficiency of ecology, culture and tourism in China, as well as the regional disparities that arise during this process, this study employs a Super-SBM model with undesirable outputs to assess the integration efficiency of ecology, culture and tourism. Kernel density estimation (KDE) and standard deviational ellipse analysis (SDSEA) are used to examine the dynamic spatial distribution and migration trends of the integration efficiency. Additionally, a Tobit regression analysis is conducted to identify the primary factors contributing to regional differences in integration efficiency. The findings reveal that the integration efficiency of ecological culture and tourism initially declined, followed by a recovery. The spatial dynamic distribution has transitioned through phases characterized by decreasing disparities from an imbalanced state, a coexistence of slowed efficiency and gradient effects, and an eventual increase in efficiency alongside a weakening of the multipolarization phenomenon. The spatial agglomeration of national integration efficiency has gradually increased, with the center of gravity shifting eastward, primarily located in Henan Province. During the study period, the driving mechanism of integration efficiency shifted from traditional economic-driven forces to a dual focus on innovation and institutional coordination, with the pandemic accelerating the differentiation and restructuring of system vulnerabilities and resilience factors. Economic development and market openness positively influence overall integration efficiency, whereas transportation conditions hinder it. This paper offers targeted recommendations based on regional differences, aiming to make a marginal contribution to the sustainable development of ecology, culture, and tourism integration. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences/Environmental impact Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Environmental economics Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Sustainability Ecology-Culture-Tourism system Integration Efficiency Super-SBM model Sustainable development Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 09 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5781011","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":438969818,"identity":"c043a886-6285-438f-9a40-7c12a86fc4f4","order_by":0,"name":"Ruihan ZHENG","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruihan","middleName":"","lastName":"ZHENG","suffix":""},{"id":438969819,"identity":"23179e75-d586-4840-99fa-1bc43fdac24b","order_by":1,"name":"Yufei ZHANG","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQjFz8DMfECCwQbETiBOi2QDM1uCBEMaSVoYeAyI0yI/u/nZw69thyX42Xk+3uZJsGHgZ88xYPi5A7cWxjnHzI1lgVokm3k3W/MkpDFI9rwxYOw9g1sLs0SCmbRk2+E6g8O826R5fxxmMLiRY8DM2IZbC5tE+jeQFgn7wzzPpHkS/jPYE9LCI5FjJvkRqMWAmYcNqOUAg4EEAS0SEjll0gzn0iUkDrMZW85JSOaROPOs4GAvHi3yM9K3Sf4os5bg7z/88MabBDs5/vbkjQ9+4tECDgJeNiSXgogD+DUAA/rHH0JKRsEoGAWjYEQDAGT4SHwKP8A2AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Dongbei University of Finance and Economics","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yufei","middleName":"","lastName":"ZHANG","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-07 11:53:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781011/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781011/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80033614,"identity":"d7fc2e7e-7494-4fea-9dca-f7e0ea6ab94b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-07 08:02:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1242245,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5781011/v1_covered_d4d23fcd-5fbd-4883-a206-3e4d7991b769.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Ecology, Culture and Tourism Integration Efficiency, Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors in Chinese Provinces","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ecology-Culture-Tourism system, Integration Efficiency, Super-SBM model, Sustainable development","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781011/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781011/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo gain a deeper understanding of the development trends in the integration efficiency of ecology, culture and tourism in China, as well as the regional disparities that arise during this process, this study employs a Super-SBM model with undesirable outputs to assess the integration efficiency of ecology, culture and tourism. 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