Recent Developments in Photonic Integration: Reservoir Computing in Photonics using Silicon Microring Nonlinearities

Recent Developments in Photonic Integration: Reservoir Computing in Photonics using Silicon Microring Nonlinearities | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Recent Developments in Photonic Integration: Reservoir Computing in Photonics using Silicon Microring Nonlinearities SANIKA ATUL INAMDAR This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6467495/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rapid evolution of integrated photonics is revolutionizing the landscape of high-speed, energy-efficient computing. One of the most promising frontiers in this domain is Photonic Reservoir Computing (PRC) , a neuromorphic paradigm that leverages the inherent dynamics and parallelism of photonic systems. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of reservoir computing implemented through nonlinear effects in silicon microring resonators (MRRs) —a scalable and CMOS-compatible platform for optical information processing. We examine the fundamental physical processes, such as two-photon absorption, free carrier dispersion, and thermal-optic phenomena, that facilitate nonlinear transformation and short-term memory essential for RC operations. Recent advances in photonic integration are surveyed, highlighting how MRR-based architectures support time-multiplexed virtual node generation and can be effectively deployed for complex signal processing tasks. A simulation framework in MATLAB is presented to model the nonlinear carrier dynamics and evaluate the RC system on a distorted QPSK signal with chromatic dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity . Results demonstrate accurate symbol recovery through a simple linear readout, validating the feasibility of silicon microrings for high-performance PRC. We further discuss emerging applications in AI-on-Chip inference engines, fiber-optic communications, and neuromorphic sensor fusion , and outline challenges and opportunities in scaling and enhancing photonic reservoir systems. This work positions silicon microring-based PRC as a compelling solution for next-generation integrated photonic computing. Photonic Reservoir Computing Silicon Microring Nonlinear Optics Time-Multiplexing Neuromorphic Computing Integrated Photonics QPSK Equalization Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6467495","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":453611776,"identity":"6d1a426d-4b23-4b45-9675-2e78b7758042","order_by":0,"name":"SANIKA ATUL INAMDAR","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC+QYGhoNAzMDGzNj4ACYqgU+LwQGIFgl+9uZmA5hq/FqAmBGkRbLneJsEcVrYzx48OKPGrs7gRmJbxQeGO3UGB5gP3uZhqLNrwOWXnryEgxuOJUuAtNycwfBMwuAAW7I1D8PhZFxaGA7kGBx8wMYM1gI0/DBQC4+ZNA/DgWScLjv/BqjlXz1YS/EfsBb+b0Atdbi13ADasrHtMND7B9uYGSC2sAG1MNvh9P4NoC0z+45L9rM3Nkv2GByWnHmYzdhyjsHhBFxa5PtzjD/2fKvmZ2Nmf/jhR8Vhfr7jzQ9vvKmos8fpMDRLgZgZwkhsIFIPAhBryygYBaNgFAx/AAAzjFwMOI9f4wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Nanyang Technological University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"SANIKA","middleName":"ATUL","lastName":"INAMDAR","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-17 03:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6467495/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6467495/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83884280,"identity":"64cde013-5ce8-4424-bc0a-8d3ce7109f6f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-04 06:23:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":603732,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RecentDevelopmentsinPhotonicIntegrationReservoirComputinginPhotonicsusingSiliconMicroringNonlinearities.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6467495/v1_covered_c2c2d9d4-de81-44ee-8f40-2a5581dd26db.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Recent Developments in Photonic Integration: Reservoir Computing in Photonics using Silicon Microring Nonlinearities","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Photonic Reservoir Computing, Silicon Microring, Nonlinear Optics, Time-Multiplexing, Neuromorphic Computing, Integrated Photonics, QPSK Equalization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6467495/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6467495/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe rapid evolution of integrated photonics is revolutionizing the landscape of high-speed, energy-efficient computing. One of the most promising frontiers in this domain is \u003cstrong\u003ePhotonic Reservoir Computing (PRC)\u003c/strong\u003e, a neuromorphic paradigm that leverages the inherent dynamics and parallelism of photonic systems. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of \u003cstrong\u003ereservoir computing implemented through nonlinear effects in silicon microring resonators (MRRs)\u003c/strong\u003e—a scalable and CMOS-compatible platform for optical information processing. We examine the fundamental physical processes, such as two-photon absorption, free carrier dispersion, and thermal-optic phenomena, that facilitate nonlinear transformation and short-term memory essential for RC operations. Recent advances in \u003cstrong\u003ephotonic integration\u003c/strong\u003e are surveyed, highlighting how MRR-based architectures support \u003cstrong\u003etime-multiplexed virtual node generation\u003c/strong\u003eand can be effectively deployed for complex signal processing tasks. A simulation framework in MATLAB is presented to model the nonlinear carrier dynamics and evaluate the RC system on a \u003cstrong\u003edistorted QPSK signal with chromatic dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity\u003c/strong\u003e. Results demonstrate accurate symbol recovery through a simple linear readout, validating the feasibility of silicon microrings for high-performance PRC. We further discuss emerging applications in \u003cstrong\u003eAI-on-Chip inference engines, fiber-optic communications, and neuromorphic sensor fusion\u003c/strong\u003e, and outline challenges and opportunities in scaling and enhancing photonic reservoir systems. 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