Influence of low transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumable on microstructure and deformation behavior of welded joint

Influence of low transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumable on microstructure and deformation behavior of welded joint | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of low transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumable on microstructure and deformation behavior of welded joint WenJia Xiang, Jin Di, Hongtan Zeng, Jiang Zheng, Jie Wang, Weiyin Song, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8105587/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumables significantly influence mechanical properties. This work investigates the effect of LTT welding consumables on the microstructure and tensile deformation behavior of welded joints. The results show that, compared with conventional joint (C joint), LTT joint exhibits comparable strength but superior ductility. The elongation of the LTT joint (10.5%) is approximately 50% higher than that of the C joint (7%). In both joints, the weld zone exhibits the highest microhardness, while the outer heat affected zone (OHAZ) shows the lowest, promoting strain localization. Compared with the C joint, the OHAZ in the LTT joint contains a lower volume fraction of ferrite, resulting in a smaller microhardness difference between the weld zone and OHAZ. This reduced hardness difference reduces strain localization and enhances the ductility. Furthermore, stress concentrations caused by dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries in the OHAZ are likely the primary cause of failure in both joint types. welding LTT welding consumable microhardness strain localization ductility Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8105587","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":548549712,"identity":"cfbe878a-9738-475a-a097-99e21e85dc4d","order_by":0,"name":"WenJia Xiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"WenJia","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiang","suffix":""},{"id":548549713,"identity":"fc435631-1c6c-4691-88fa-ee733e02d0ee","order_by":1,"name":"Jin Di","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing 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joint","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"welding, LTT welding consumable, microhardness, strain localization, ductility","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8105587/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8105587/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLow transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumables significantly influence mechanical properties. This work investigates the effect of LTT welding consumables on the microstructure and tensile deformation behavior of welded joints. The results show that, compared with conventional joint (C joint), LTT joint exhibits comparable strength but superior ductility. The elongation of the LTT joint (10.5%) is approximately 50% higher than that of the C joint (7%). In both joints, the weld zone exhibits the highest microhardness, while the outer heat affected zone (OHAZ) shows the lowest, promoting strain localization. Compared with the C joint, the OHAZ in the LTT joint contains a lower volume fraction of ferrite, resulting in a smaller microhardness difference between the weld zone and OHAZ. This reduced hardness difference reduces strain localization and enhances the ductility. Furthermore, stress concentrations caused by dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries in the OHAZ are likely the primary cause of failure in both joint types.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Influence of low transformation temperature (LTT) welding consumable on microstructure and deformation behavior of welded joint","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-27 17:39:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8105587/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8628db3b-309f-4ebc-91c7-1717fc907f2f","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-24T06:52:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-27 17:39:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8105587","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8105587","identity":"rs-8105587","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}