Digital Enrichment of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Viruses from a Natural Hot Spring Reveals Local Diversification in Response to Host CRISPR-immunity

Digital Enrichment of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Viruses from a Natural Hot Spring Reveals Local Diversification in Response to Host CRISPR-immunity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Digital Enrichment of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Viruses from a Natural Hot Spring Reveals Local Diversification in Response to Host CRISPR-immunity Rachel Whitaker, Thomas Cowell, Changyi Zhang, Jiayue Yang, Chih-Lin Chen, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9151609/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Despite recent advances in metagenomics, recovering the strain-level diversity of viral communities remains a challenging and laborious process. Metagenomic sequencing approaches are limited by incomplete genome assembly and low coverage for all but the most abundant viral species in a sample. Here, we extend droplet microfluidic cultivation techniques facilitate targeted enrichment of the archaeon Sulfolobus (now Saccharolobus) islandicus and its associated lytic virus S. islandicus rod-shaped virus (SIRV) to enhance viral metagenomics. By compartmentalizing the natural diversity of a Yellowstone hot spring sample into single virus droplets, we eliminate inter-strain competition and preserve population-level diversity during enrichment of the focal viral species. Sequence analysis of enriched metagenomes confirmed that selective enrichment recovered mostly SIRVs, while drop-compartmentalization outperformed a traditional liquid culture to recover the deep local diversity of a lytic viral population from a natural hot spring. Analysis of SIRV variants revealed selective forces shaping the viral population, including local adaptation in response to host CRISPR-immune selection for viral escape mutations. Biological sciences/Ecology/Biodiversity Biological sciences/Microbiology/Virology/Virus–host interactions Biological sciences/Microbiology/Archaea/Archaeal genomics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementatryInformation.docx Digital Enrichment of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal Viruses from a Natural Hot Spring Reveals Local Diversification in Response to Host CRISPR-immunity Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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