Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation in SWBC MIMO SC-WDMA System Using CAZBAR

Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation in SWBC MIMO SC-WDMA System Using CAZBAR | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation in SWBC MIMO SC-WDMA System Using CAZBAR Marwa Samara This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7524166/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A carrier frequency offset (CFO) technique for a space-wavelet block code single-carrier wavelet-division multiple access (SWBC-SC-WDMA) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver is proposed. This paper aims to demonstrate how the proposed SWBC-SC-WDMA system performs better at time synchronization and estimating carrier frequency than the standard MIMO SC-frequency division multiple access (MIMO SC-FDMA) system using the CAZBAR sequence. The CAZBAR sequence is known for its improved autocorrelation, which has a larger peak without a ripple at zero shift. Applying the CAZBAR sequence, it can easily detect the beginning of the frame (time synchronization). This improves the proposed system's performance by studying the bit error rate (BER). In the BPSK modulation scheme at BER 10 − 3 , the SNR improved by 5dB. CAZBAR sequence. Frequency offset compensation. MIMO SWBC-SC-WDMA Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 19 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7524166","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":524445301,"identity":"d9479ba9-1f22-4608-9b31-bf66b7a468a0","order_by":0,"name":"Marwa 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CAZBAR","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-personal-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wire","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Personal Communications](https://www.springer.com/journal/11277)","snPcode":"11277","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11277/3","title":"Wireless Personal Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"CAZBAR sequence. Frequency offset compensation. MIMO SWBC-SC-WDMA","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7524166/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7524166/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA carrier frequency offset (CFO) technique for a space-wavelet block code single-carrier wavelet-division multiple access (SWBC-SC-WDMA) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver is proposed. This paper aims to demonstrate how the proposed SWBC-SC-WDMA system performs better at time synchronization and estimating carrier frequency than the standard MIMO SC-frequency division multiple access (MIMO SC-FDMA) system using the CAZBAR sequence. The CAZBAR sequence is known for its improved autocorrelation, which has a larger peak without a ripple at zero shift. Applying the CAZBAR sequence, it can easily detect the beginning of the frame (time synchronization). This improves the proposed system's performance by studying the bit error rate (BER). In the BPSK modulation scheme at BER 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e, the SNR improved by 5dB.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation in SWBC MIMO SC-WDMA System Using CAZBAR","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-06 14:26:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7524166/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-19T07:52:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"215029288867055320624508813596600948655","date":"2025-09-26T00:53:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"140006491400529280532330529570244779376","date":"2025-09-24T11:15:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T20:55:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-11T14:13:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-11T14:10:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Wireless Personal Communications","date":"2025-09-03T07:38:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-personal-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wire","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Personal Communications](https://www.springer.com/journal/11277)","snPcode":"11277","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11277/3","title":"Wireless Personal Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b39f6fd4-dec5-43c7-bff8-2cc4d2b4534a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T14:26:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-06 14:26:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7524166","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7524166","identity":"rs-7524166","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}