Mineralogy and thermobarometry of marbles unravel retrogression and hydrothermal imprint of a polymetamorphic terrane (Făgăraș Unit, Southern Carpathians, Romania)

Mineralogy and thermobarometry of marbles unravel retrogression and hydrothermal imprint of a polymetamorphic terrane (Făgăraș Unit, Southern Carpathians, Romania) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mineralogy and thermobarometry of marbles unravel retrogression and hydrothermal imprint of a polymetamorphic terrane (Făgăraș Unit, Southern Carpathians, Romania) Gelu Costin, Maria-Laura Tîrlă, Relu-Dumitru Roban, Ionuț-Cornel Mirea This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6115109/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This thermobarometry study employs calcite-dolomite solvus thermometry and thermodynamic pseudosections applied to marbles in the Făgăraș Unit, the uppermost unit of the Variscan metamorphic basement of the Alpine Supragetic units, Central Southern Carpathians. The marbles exhibit extensive relict granoblastic dolomitic bands and quartz inclusions, indicating formation through the metasomatic replacement of dolomite by calcite, aided by a hydrothermal F-rich fluid. The data reveal a thermal history ranging from amphibolite facies (572°–617°C) to greenschist and sub-greenschist facies (~ 435°C) during polyphasic metamorphism, followed by late-stage hydrothermal activity (105°–195°C). Mineral assemblages in the marbles suggest equilibration at 435 ± 40°C and 0.42 ± 0.12 GPa, with the CO₂/H₂O ratio influencing reactions. Talc formation indicates fluid interactions, while tectonic processes controlled hydrothermal fluid flow and pathways. This study quantitatively confirms and refines earlier P-T estimates regarding the metamorphic and hydrothermal evolution of the Făgăraș Unit. The results also reveal a distinct P-T history compared to other metamorphic units within the Alpine nappe stacking in the Făgăraș Mountains and support the interpretation of a complex nappe-stacking system composed of pre-Alpine units juxtaposed during the Variscan orogeny. These units were subsequently thrust during the Alpine orogeny over the Lerești-Călușu Unit, a low-grade metamorphic unit with no marbles and no evidence of polymetamorphism. The observed mineralogical composition, microtextures, and distinct P-T signatures of the dolomitic and calcitic marbles highlight their potential to preserve diagnostic geochemical and isotopic signals, offering valuable insights into the geologic evolution of the host petrologic assemblage. mineralogy marbles solvus thermometry PT pseudosections PT path Făgăraș Mountains Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 1. Introduction The mineralogy of marbles is generally simple, consisting of calcite and/or dolomite (major mineral contributors). These two carbonates are known for being stable in a wide variety of pressure (P) – Temperature (T) conditions, and they do not drastically change their mineralogy during crossing metamorphic grades. For this reason, marbles are largely ignored in thermobarometry studies. However, the existence of calcite-dolomite solvus makes marbles a key contributor to understanding the PT evolution of a metamorphic unit (Mizuochi et al. 2010 ). Calcite-dolomite solvus is a simple and accurate geothermometer, first calibrated by Goldsmith and Heard ( 1961 ), of particular interest for the study of marbles, or calc-silicate rocks coexisting with calcite and dolomite (Spear 1989 ; Letargo et al. 1995 ). The thermometry methods applicable to marbles are far more restrictive compared to the variety of methods that can be applied to silicate rocks. This is mostly related to the fact that: i) ion exchange reactions (e.g., widely used Mg–Fe 2+ exchange in silicates, very sensitive to temperature changes), are less expected in a simple CaO–MgO–CO 2 system; ii) net transfer reactions dependent on P or/and T (mostly involving silicates) are not common, except for calc-silicates. However, with increasing SiO 2 in the carbonate system, even at very low concentrations of FeO and Al 2 O 3 , these types of reactions become available. One of the most common methods used for temperature estimation in carbonate systems is the solvus method. A lot of effort has been paid in order to experimentally constrain the extent of solvus in between calcite and dolomite (Harker and Tuttle 1955 ; Graf and Goldsmith 1958 ; Goldsmith and Heard 1961 ; Grummon 1977 ; Byrnes and Wyllie 1981 ; Anovitz and Essene 1987 ), calcite and siderite (Goldsmith et al. 1962 ; Rosenberg 1963 ), or dolomite and magnesite (Goldsmith and Heard 1961 ; Irving and Wyllie 1975 ; Byrnes and Wyllie 1981 ). Thermobarometry modeling using pseudosections (PT, TX and PX) realized with specialized software (Theriak-Dommino, Perplex or others) are very useful to i) estimate the extension of the PT stability fields of mineral assemblages containing silicates associated with carbonates and ii) compare the succession of mineral assemblages observed in the marbles with the succession of the assemblages in the PT fields on the pseudosections, so that a PT path can be estimated. The Făgăraș terrane is one of the building blocks of the Southern Carpathians (Median Dacides sensu Săndulescu 1984 , or Dacia Mega-unit cf. Schmid et al. 2020 ). Its pre-Mesozoic basement has a distinct tectono-metamorphic composition, consisting of several distinct structural groups amalgamated into a pre-Alpine (Variscan) nappe stack identified in the Central Southern Carpathians, namely the Sebeș, the Cumpăna, and the Făgăraș groups (Iancu and Mărunțiu 1994 ; Iancu et al. 1998 ). New petrologic-mineralogical data and isotopic ages added precise arguments concerning the existence of contrasting litho-tectonic and metamorphic history (Balintoni et al. 2009 , 2014 ; Ducea et al. 2018 ; Iancu and Seghedi 2017 and references therein). Petrologic architecture and lithologic assemblage of the Făgăraș Group mostly consist of micaschists and plagiogneisses with banded to lentiform amphibolites and marbles (from hereafter referred to as the Făgăraș marbles), different from those of the adjacent pre-Upper Carboniferous lithostructural units (Sebeș and Cumpăna). All these evolved in contraction/collision stages as pre-Mesozoic terranes (sensu Balintoni et al. 2014 ) incorporated into the Getic-Supragetic nappe complex in the polyphase (mid- and late Cretaceous) Alpine orogeny (Iancu et al. 2005a ). The metamorphic evolution of the Southern Carpathians, including the Făgăraș Group, has previously been estimated by the study of mineral parageneses (e.g., Savu and Schuster 1971 ; Giușcă et al. 1977; Iancu et al. 2005 and referenced therein). Furthermore, Ciulavu et al ( 2008 ) constrained in more detail the metamorphic evolution of the Danubian Window by adding illite Kübler index measurements and organic matter reflectance data. Reiser et al. ( 2017 ) applied calcite-dolomite geothermometry for the first time in the Romanian Carpathians on the marbles of the Biharia Nappe System (Apuseni Mountains). This is the first thermobarometry study on marbles conducted in the Southern Carpathians. Also, no thermobarometry study on the Făgăraș Unit currently exists. The rock pile was described to be retromorphic from amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions based on thin section petrography. Savu and Schuster ( 1971 ) gave an estimation of pressure and temperature for the Făgăraș Group to be P ≤ 4 kbar and T ≤ 450°C, respectively. Yet, no type of calculation method was provided, whereas other thermobarometrical estimations do not seem to be available in the published literature. The Făgăraș marbles have barely been studied by now (e.g., Gheuca 1988 , Savu 2012 ), and a closer thermobarometry approach promises to deliver substantial evidence on the metamorphic and hydrothermal evolution of their host unit. We applied herein the synthesis of several solvus experiments (pressure corrected) in the system calcite-dolomite done by Anovitz and Essene ( 1987 ) and we calculated pseudosections (PT, TX and PX) on one dolomitic and one calcitic marble, using Theriak-Domino (de Capitani and Petrakakis 2010 ). The results could help understand better (a) the PT conditions that controlled mineral reactions in marbles and (b) the polymetamorphic history of the Făgăraș Group, delivering a better-constrained evolutionary framework within its host terrane. 2. Geological background 2.1 Structural units and lithology The widely accepted structural model of the Median Dacides in the Southern Carpathians (e.g., Săndulescu 1984 and references therein; Iancu et al. 2005; currently part of the Dacia Mega-unit, sensu Schmid et al. and references therein) identifies three major Alpine nappe systems. From the lowest to the highest structural position, these are: the Danubian nappes (divided into Lower and Upper Danubian), the Severin and Arjana nappes, and the Getic and Supragetic nappes (Fig. 1 ). The Danubian nappes (Berza et al. 1994) are composed of Proterozoic medium-grade metamorphic rocks and large igneous (granitic) bodies (Liégeois et al. 1996 ), along with low-grade Paleozoic meta-sedimentary formations, overlain by Late Carboniferous to Permian and Mesozoic sediments (Berza and Iancu 1994 ; Iancu et al. 2005b ). These rock assemblages are characterized by Variscan (pre-Late Carboniferous) very low- to low-grade regional metamorphism (Iancu et al. 1990 ; Iancu et al. 2005b ) and Alpine retrograde metamorphism (reactivation). The middle Alpine units, Severin and Arjana nappes, consist of Late Jurassic mafic and ultramafic rocks and Azuga-type, deep sea deposits, along with Early Cretaceous turbidites (Sinaia Formation) (Codarcea 1940 ; Năstăseanu et al. 1981 ; Iancu et al. 1990 ). Arjana nappes also comprise bimodal alkaline igneous rocks indicating an intraplate rift-related geotectonic setting, marking the beginning of Jurassic rifting (Russo-Săndulescu et al. 1996 ). The Severin Nappe contains ultramafic rocks (Mărunțiu 1987 ; Mărunțiu and Seghedi 1983 ) and EMORB-type basalts (i.e., mid-ocean ridge basalts slightly enriched in incompatible elements) (Roban et al. 2024 ). The Getic and Supragetic are often referred to as the Getic Realm or Getic-Supragetic nappe complex (e.g., Iancu et al. 1998 , 2005a ). The Supragetic nappes were thrust over the Getic nappe during two tectonic stages, the Middle Cretaceous (Aptian) and Upper Cretaceous (Senonian) according to Balintoni et al. ( 1986 ) for Făgăraș and Lotru Mountains, and to Iancu ( 1986 ) in the western Banat-Poiana Ruscă Mountains. The Getic-Supragetic nappe complex was further thrust over the Severinides and Danubian in the late Cretaceous (Senonian) tectogenetic phase (Codarcea 1940 ; Săndulescu 1984 ; Iancu et al. 2005a ). Subsequently, the imbricated Getic-Supragetic and Severin-Arjana nappes as well as the Danubian nappes (Berza et al. 1994 and references therein) were thrust (intra-Miocene) over the Moesian Platform with Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary formations (Codarcea 1940 ; Săndulescu 1984 ; Balintoni 1997 ; Iancu et al. 2005a ). In the hinterland of the Southern Carpathians, post-Mesozoic (Tertiary) deposits form a discontinuous post-nappe cover, filling sedimentary basins during various tectonic episodes (Balintoni 1997 ; Iancu et al. 2005a ; Săndulescu 1984 ). Based on metamorphism and lithologic associations, the Getic-Supragetic Alpine nappes' basement is subdivided into pre-Alpine units, although boundaries and naming conventions have been debated (e.g., Balintoni 1997 ; Iancu et al. 2003 ; Iancu and Mărunțiu 1994 ; Kräutner 1993 ; Medaris et al. 2003 ). Balintoni ( 1997 ) proposed that the Getic-Supragetic unit (“Getides”) contains distinct terranes with unique lithological, deformational, and metamorphic histories. Complex petrologic studies and deep-seated shear zones identified and mapped by Iancu and Mărunțiu ( 1994 ) and Iancu et al. ( 2005b ) led to litho-tectonic and tectono-metamorphic Variscan units inside of the so-called terranes. From metamorphic point of view these are grouped into: (1) medium-grade metamorphic terranes with high-pressure rock bodies associated (Sebeș and Cumpăna units) as well as lacking HP rocks (Făgăraş and Bocşiţa-Dirmoxa units or groups), and (2) low- to medium-grade metamorphic terranes (prograde epidote-amphibolite to greenschist facies outcropping in Leaota and Banat Mountains). Polystage retrograde metamorphism of low-grade areas are extended inside of the Făgăraș and Bocșița-Drimoxa units, as well as spatially related to some tectonic contacts. The Făgăraș Massif comprises the easternmost Supragetic units (Fig. 1 b). It features several structural metamorphic units separated by Variscan tectonic lines, many of which were reworked during Alpine thrusting (Iancu and Mărunțiu 1994 ; Iancu et al. 1998 ). According to Iancu and Mărunțiu ( 1994 ) and Iancu et al. ( 1998 ), the Făgăraş Massif includes the Cumpăna, Sebeș and Făgăraș groups (Fig. 2 ). The Cumpăna Group consists of plagioclase gneisses and amphibolites, with Variscan crystallization ages of 330–340 Ma (Ar-Ar dating; Dallmeyer et al. 1998 ), and 358 Ma (Sm/Nd ages of HP mafic rocks; Medaris et al. 2003 ). Metagranitoid (augen gneiss) bodies were dated as Ordovician, with ages of 458.9 ± 3.5 and 466.0 ± 4.2 Ma (Balintoni et al. 2014 and references herein). The Făgăraş Group comprises plagioclase gneisses, amphibolites, micaschists, and marbles, showing retrogression from amphibolite to greenschist facies (e.g. Savu and Schuster 1971 ; Giușcă et al. 1977; Balintoni et al. 1986 ; Kräutner 1993 ). This petrographic assemblage indicates a protolithic affinity to epicontinental platformtype sediments and volcanic rocks (Iancu et al. 1998 ). The absence of eclogites shows that the Făgăraș terrane escaped subduction process during the pre-Alpine nappe stacking (Iancu et al. 1998 ). Structurally, the Făgăraș Group was assigned to the Făgăraș Unit by Kräutner (1978) and to the Moldoveanu Nappe by Balintoni et al. ( 1986 ). In the nearby Leaota Massif, Iancu et al. ( 2005b ) identified distinct units, including the following units (from bottom to the top of the pile): Voinești (upper amphibolite facies containing eclogites). Lerești (epidote-amphibolite facies rocks), and Călușu (greenschist facies metasedimentary rocks). 2.2 Geologic evolution The current geological structure likely represents an amalgamation of pre-Variscan terranes, primarily of Cadomian age (Balintoni et al. 2009 , 2010a , 2010b , 2014 ; Drăguşanu and Tanaka 1999 ; Ducea 1999 ; Pană et al. 2002 ). These terranes are thought to be fragments of micro-continents that originated from Paleo-Northern Gondwana and were accreted into the Variscan belt of Southern and Central Europe through two main processes: (a) Andean-type subduction of oceanic crust during the latest Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian interval (c. 570–520 Ma), and (b) subsequent continental collision during the Devonian-Carboniferous (Neubauer 2002 ; Nance et al. 2008 ). In the case of the Făgăraș and Leaota Massifs, subduction is thought to have led to the formation of eclogites and the generation of crustal melts [such as the eclogites associated with the Albești granites in the Bughea tectonic boundary (shear zone and tectonic mélange cf. Iancu and Seghedi 2017 and references herein) of the Leaota Massif, and kyanite eclogites from the Cp1 Unit in the Topolog valley of the Făgăraș Massif]. The formation of these granites has been dated to the Ordovician (U-Pb zircon ages—Balintoni 2009, 2010). These rocks were later amalgamated, compressed, and uplifted during the collisional phase that followed subduction. This collision resulted in: (a) significant thrusting, visible as mylonitic contacts between amalgamated fragments in the Făgăraș Massif, caused by crustal shortening, and (b) widespread regional metamorphism, predominantly under garnet amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. Variscan crystallization ages of 330–340 Ma (Ar-Ar dating on micas and amphibole) have been documented for the Cumpăna Group, and extensive old Mesozoic retrogressive overprint (ca. 200 Ma) has been found for the Făgăraș Group from the mylonitic quartzites outcropping in the Bâlea Valley, as shown by Dallmeyer et al. ( 1998 ). Axente et al. ( 2008 ) documented Variscan ages of 357–352, 354–335 and 337–331 Ma on amphiboles and micas from the Leaota tectonic complex (Voinești Unit, considered metamorphic equivalent to Cumpăna, Lerești and Călușu units). Scarce data exists on the protolith age of the meta-sedimentary rocks in the Făgăraș Group. One detrital zircon data from Podragu paragneiss suggests a Late Cambrian to Ordovician age, likely formed in a back-arc setting (Balintoni et al. 2014 ). The association with the Cumpăna terrane and older zircon ages indicate a peri-Gondwanan, North African origin for the marbles, dating from the Neo-Proterozoic to the Late Cambrian-Ordovician (Balintoni and Balica 2013 ). 3. Materials and methods 3.1 Sampling Twenty-three hand specimens of marble and country rock were collected from outcrops of the Făgăraș unit across the central ridge of the Făgăraș Mountains for thin-section microscopy and microprobe analysis (Table 1 , Figs. 3 , 4 , & 5 ). The sampling strategy prioritized the spatial distribution of marble bands across the orogen in a north-south direction, ranging from the northernmost marble band in the Bâlea glacial valley to the southern areas in the Lespezi, Piscu Negru, and Mușeteica mounts. This approach enabled the assessment of geochemical variations across the entire carbonate sequence of the central Făgăraș Unit. In total, eight lentiform carbonate rock bodies spread over an area of approximately 6 km² were examined. Table 1 Sample location and petrographic types of the Făgăraș marbles No. Sample Location Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Petrographic type 1 VBL-1 Bâlea Valley (N) 45°36’25” 24°36’54” Dolomite marble 2 VBL-3 Bâlea Valley (N) 45°36’26” 24°36’52” Dolomite marble 3 BL-1 Bâlea Lake (N) 45°36’11” 24°36’56” Dolomite marble 4 BL-3 Bâlea Lake (N) 45°36’16” 24°37’01” Dolomite marble 5 CT-1 Bâlea Tunnel (N) 45°35’27” 24°37’08” Dolomite marble 6 CT-2 Bâlea Tunnel (N) 45°35’27” 24°37’08” Dolomite marble 7 FCp-4 Fundu Caprei (N) 45°35’39” 24°38’21” Dolomite marble 8 FCp-5 Fundu Caprei (N) 45°35’39” 24°38’21” Talc-zeolite-bearing dolomite 9 IS-1 Mount Lespezi (W) 45°33’51” 24°35’27” Dolomite marble 10 MPN-2 Piscu Negru Mine (W) 45°33’32” 24°35’46” Dolomite marble 11 MPN-3 Piscu Negru Mine (W) 45°33’32” 24°35’46” Dolomite marble 12 PN-1 Mount Lespezi (W) 45°33’50” 24°35’19” Dolomite marble 13 M3R2-1 Mount Mușeteica (E) 45°34’26” 24°39’03” Calcite marble 14 PN-7 Mount Lespezi (W) 45°33’50” 24°35’19” Calcite marble 15 PN-4 Mount Lespezi (W) 45°33’50” 24°35’19” Impure calcite marble 16 M1-2 Mount Mușeteica (E) 45°34’02” 24°38’25” Impure calcite marble 17 M5-3 Mount Mușeteica (E) 45°34’23” 24°39’01” Impure calcite marble 18 CPR-2 Capra Lake (N) 45°35’54” 24°37’42” Impure dolomite marble 19 M1-4 Mount Mușeteica (E) 45°34’2” 24°38’25” Impure dolomite marble 20 MPN-1 Piscu Negru Mine (S) 45°33’32” 24°35’46” Impure dolomite marble 21 PND-1 Capra Valley (S) 45°33’35” 24°36’13” Impure dolomite marble 22 PND-2 Capra Valley (S) 45°33’35” 24°36’13” Impure dolomite marble Table 2 Selected electron microprobe data of calcitic and dolomitic marbles. Full table goes as SupplTable S1 (electronic appendix). Sample Rock type Mineral n SiO 2 CaO FeO MnO MgO SrO BaO CO 2 * Total Ca Fe Mn Mg C Si XMgCO 3 MPN-1 Impure dolomitic marble Dol 34 0.06 30.33 0.86 0.07 20.91 0.00 0.01 47.75 100.00 1.000 0.022 0.002 0.959 2.006 0.001 0.98 St dev 0.24 0.31 0.12 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.35 1.28 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.011 0.010 0.004 0.01 MPN-1 Cal 16 0.01 55.12 0.09 0.03 0.65 0.00 0.00 44.09 100.00 1.963 0.003 0.001 0.032 2.000 0.000 0.03 St Dev 0.01 0.48 0.04 0.02 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.29 0.022 0.001 0.001 0.012 0.007 0.000 0.01 PND-2 Impure dolomitic marble Dol 12 0.05 30.48 0.65 0.04 21.06 0.00 0.00 47.72 100.00 1.005 0.017 0.001 0.966 2.004 0.001 0.98 St dev 0.12 0.34 0.38 0.02 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.014 0.010 0.001 0.024 0.015 0.002 0.01 PND-2 Cal 2 0.01 55.37 0.03 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.00 44.27 100.00 1.969 0.001 0.000 0.016 2.007 0.000 0.02 St Dev 0.01 0.15 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.00 PN-4 Impure calcitic marble Dol 7 0.00 30.54 0.51 0.03 21.43 0.00 0.01 47.48 100.00 1.008 0.013 0.001 0.984 1.997 0.000 0.99 St Dev 0.00 0.23 0.08 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.22 0.009 0.002 0.000 0.010 0.006 0.000 0.01 PN-4 Cal 9 0.01 55.23 0.04 0.02 0.84 0.00 0.00 43.86 100.00 1.970 0.001 0.000 0.042 1.993 0.000 0.04 St Dev 0.04 0.43 0.03 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.022 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.009 0.001 0.00 IS-1 Dolomitic marble Dol 23 0.01 30.48 0.80 0.07 20.84 0.02 0.01 47.78 100.00 1.005 0.021 0.002 0.956 2.008 0.000 0.98 St dev 0.01 0.28 0.13 0.02 0.23 0.02 0.01 0.36 0.012 0.003 0.001 0.012 0.010 0.000 0.01 CP-1 Dolomitic marble Dol 22 0.00 30.75 0.65 0.03 20.82 0.01 0.01 47.73 100.00 1.015 0.017 0.001 0.955 2.006 0.000 0.97 St Dev 0.01 1.08 0.22 0.03 0.78 0.01 0.01 0.50 0.041 0.006 0.001 0.034 0.011 0.000 0.04 CP-1 Cal 1 0.00 56.26 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.06 0.01 43.38 100.00 2.018 0.001 0.000 0.013 1.983 0.000 0.01 St Dev 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 MPN-2 Dolomitic marble Dol 23 0.00 30.56 0.69 0.07 20.59 0.01 0.01 48.07 100.00 1.006 0.018 0.002 0.943 2.016 0.000 0.97 St Dev 0.01 0.93 0.07 0.04 0.75 0.01 0.02 0.82 0.037 0.002 0.001 0.035 0.021 0.000 0.03 MPN-2 Cal 10 0.00 53.78 0.72 0.05 0.46 0.03 0.04 44.94 100.00 1.903 0.020 0.001 0.023 2.026 0.000 0.02 St Dev 0.00 0.40 0.13 0.03 0.23 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.017 0.004 0.001 0.012 0.007 0.000 0.01 M3R2-1 Calcitic marble Cal 4 0.03 55.21 0.04 0.01 0.64 0.02 0.05 44.00 100.00 1.968 0.001 0.000 0.032 1.998 0.001 0.03 St Dev 0.03 0.15 0.01 0.02 0.21 0.03 0.02 0.16 0.007 0.000 0.001 0.010 0.004 0.001 0.01 M1-2 Impure cal. marble Cal 27 0.04 54.75 0.37 0.04 0.51 0.01 0.04 44.24 100.00 1.948 0.010 0.001 0.025 2.006 0.001 0.03 St Dev 0.04 0.50 0.07 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.57 0.028 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.015 0.001 0.00 CPR-2 Impure dolomitic marble Dol 28 0.01 30.82 0.86 0.09 20.34 0.02 0.02 47.85 100.00 1.017 0.022 0.002 0.934 2.012 0.000 0.96 St Dev 0.02 0.51 0.10 0.03 0.49 0.02 0.01 0.54 0.021 0.003 0.001 0.024 0.015 0.000 0.02 CPR-2 Cal 16 0.07 54.27 0.16 0.07 0.97 0.08 0.04 44.32 100.00 1.927 0.005 0.002 0.048 2.006 0.001 0.05 St Dev 0.18 0.51 0.05 0.05 0.18 0.03 0.01 0.48 0.027 0.001 0.001 0.009 0.013 0.004 0.01 VBL-1 Dolomitic marble Dol 20 0.14 30.62 0.86 0.09 19.84 0.01 0.01 48.43 100.00 1.006 0.022 0.002 0.907 2.027 0.003 0.95 St Dev 0.23 1.26 0.10 0.02 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.86 0.047 0.003 0.001 0.055 0.023 0.004 0.05 VBL-1 Cal 6 0.20 53.94 0.15 0.06 1.14 0.09 0.03 44.39 100.00 1.912 0.004 0.002 0.056 2.005 0.004 0.06 St Dev 0.36 0.59 0.02 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.02 0.17 0.027 0.001 0.001 0.010 0.006 0.007 0.01 BL-1 Dolomitic marble Dol 9 0.30 30.23 1.10 0.10 20.00 0.02 0.02 48.22 100.00 0.994 0.028 0.003 0.915 2.020 0.005 0.96 St Dev 0.45 0.43 0.23 0.03 0.53 0.02 0.01 0.47 0.018 0.006 0.001 0.028 0.012 0.008 0.01 CT-2 Dolomitic marble Dol 63 0.01 30.37 0.41 0.05 20.83 0.02 0.01 48.29 100.00 0.997 0.011 0.001 0.951 2.019 0.000 0.98 St Dev 0.02 0.32 0.05 0.03 0.50 0.02 0.01 0.59 0.014 0.001 0.001 0.026 0.016 0.000 0.01 Cation number normalized to 6 Oxygen atoms; XMgCO 3 is the proportion of MgCO 3 in dolomite; for excluding the Fe and Mn effect, XMgCO 3 = 2*Mg/(Mg + Ca) * CO 2 was estimated by difference; **mixed analyses, Carbon (cation) > 2.05; not used in solvus calculation; abbr: c (pure calcitic, ic (impure calcitic), d (pure dolomitic), id (impure dolomitic), n = number of analyses. 3.2 Sample preparation and optical microscopy A total of 30 thin sections of marble and host rock samples were prepared at the Lithos Research Centre, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, following Barker’s ( 1998 ) guidelines. The sections were cut perpendicular to the foliation plane, ground to a final thickness of approximately 30 µm, and then examined for mineralogy using a Nikon Eclipse E200 polarized microscope. Some sections were stained with Alizarin Red S and potassium ferricyanide to differentiate between dolomite (white), low-magnesium calcite (LMC, pink), high-magnesium calcite (HMC, pale pink), and ferroan calcite (blue) following Dickson ( 1965 ). Based on staining we grouped our samples in dolomitic and calcitic marbles. Further, based on the proportion of quartz and other silicates we categorized our samples into pure marbles (less than 5% quartz and/or other silicates) and impure marbles (more than 5% quartz and/or other silicates). 3.3 EPMA quantitative analysis EPMA data acquisition, which included Secondary Electron (SE) and Back-scattered Electron (BSE) imaging, quantitative Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry (WDS) point analysis, and WDS quantitative element mapping, was conducted at the Department of Earth, Environment, and Planetary Science, Rice University, using a Jeol JXA 8530F Hyperprobe. This instrument features a field emission-assisted thermo-ionic (Schottky) emitter and is equipped with five Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometers (WDS). For quantitative analysis of carbonates, the operating conditions included a 15 kV acceleration voltage, 10 nA beam current, and a defocused beam size of 1–5 microns, depending on the carbonate grain size. Quantification was performed using the PRZ (JEOL) matrix correction method. X-ray counting times were 20 seconds per peak for each element (10 seconds for the peak and 5 seconds for both lower and upper background), except for Sr and Ba, where the counting times were 30 seconds per peak and 20 seconds for each background. The standards used for quantification included natural minerals: olivine (Fo93) for Si (Kα) and Fe (Kα), dolomite for Mg (Kα) and Ca (Kα), rhodonite for Mn (Kα), celestine for Sr (Lα), and barite for Ba (Lα). Carbon weight percentage (wt%) was estimated by difference. In some sessions, plagioclase was used for Ca and olivine for Mg. Each microprobe session began with calibration and the analysis of secondary standards, achieving reproducibility with errors below 2% for carbonates and silicates. Data reduction involved calculating cation numbers normalized to six oxygen atoms [e.g., the general carbonate formula AB(CO 3 ) 2 ]. Silicon was analyzed alongside other elements to assess the combined effects of carbonate and quartz or other silicates in the analytical volume. 3.4 Thermobarometry The solvus calcite-dolomite geothermometer (Anovitz and Essene 1987 ) was used to estimate the P-T-X conditions during the metamorphic evolution of the Făgăraș marbles. We generated equilibrium pseudosections (P-T, T-X, and P-X) for two representative marble samples (dolomite and calcite, respectively) using thermodynamic modeling applied to the CaCO 3 –MgCO 3 –FeCO 3 system in the Theriak-Domino software (de Capitani and Petrakakis 2010 ). The thermodynamic database and the H 2 O–CO 2 solution were taken from Holland and Powell ( 1998 ). Details on the phases and solid solution models are mentioned in each diagram. 3.4.1 Calcite-Dolomite solvus thermometry A solvus thermometer principle in the calcite-dolomite system assumes that a complex (Ca x Mg y ) 2 (CO 3 ) 2 solid solution stable at higher temperatures can exsolve at lower temperatures a CaCO 3 -rich and a CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 -rich carbonate, respectively, and temperature controls the MgCO 3 exchange between calcite and dolomite. One problem in applying the solvus method in calcite-dolomite bearing rocks is that calcite and dolomite should be in thermal equilibrium. There are two situations in which the equilibrium can be assumed: i) textural equilibrium, and ii) similar temperature estimates for co-existing calcite and dolomite. If calcite and dolomite provide different solvus temperatures, then the two minerals are not in equilibrium. However, if the rocks are poor in Ca-Mg-silicates and Ca and Mg were not partitioned between calcite/dolomite and another silicate phase, then we can assume that the individual solvus temperature estimated for calcite and dolomite, respectively, signify the temperatures of two different thermal carbonate assemblages. We use herein the synthesis of several solvus experiments (pressure corrected) in the system calcite-dolomite done by Anovitz and Essene ( 1987 ). The effect of siderite (FeCO 3 ) on calcite-dolomite solvus was ignored herein, due to the small Fe concentration found in the analyzed carbonates and its insignificant effect on the calcite-dolomite solvus (Sheppard 1966 ; Sheppard and Schwarcz 1970 ). For example, Sheppard and Schwarcz ( 1970 ) stated that calcite with 1 mole % FeCO 3 in equilibrium with Fe-dolomite increases the solvus temperature with 8°C at 600°C, and at temperatures lower than 600°C, this error decreases. Concentrations smaller than 1–2 mole% of SrCO 3 and MnCO 3 have a similar insignificant effect on the calcite-dolomite solvus, and therefore Sr and Mn were also neglected in our solvus calculations. For a detailed discussion on the use of calcite-dolomite solvus thermometry, visit the supplementary text A1 in the electronic appendix. 3.4.2 Equilibrium phase diagrams (P-T, T-X and P-X pseudosections) With increasing SiO 2 and X H2O in the carbonate system, the number of possible net-transfer reactions increases, allowing the identification of univariant lines and bivariant PT equilibrium fields for various assemblages. However, the thermodynamic calculations must be interpreted with caution, as they are usually approximative due to the simplistic ways in which some solid solutions are treated in the thermodynamic database. For example, the thermodynamic database treats mica solid solution as a mixture of phengite, paragonite and celadonite, whereas margarite is considered a pure phase. However, we consider herein the margarite as a Ca end-member with very limited solubility in muscovite. Carbonates are considered solid solutions between calcite and dolomite by the Holland and Powell ( 1998 ) database, and they are marked with the same abbreviation (CCDO) in the resulting diagrams, even if the carbonate is calcite-rich or dolomite-rich. The composition of carbonates is calculated by Theriak-Domino software (de Capitani and Petrakakis 2010 ), and they are calcite-rich in calcitic marbles and dolomite-rich in dolomitic marbles, and marked accordingly in the explanation of the figures. The Fe end-member (siderite) and Ca-Fe-end member (ankerite) of carbonate solid solution are treated by Holland and Powell ( 1998 ) database as pure phases, even though it is obvious that siderite or/and ankerite cannot be present as pure phases in equilibrium with calcitic and/or dolomitic carbonates. We consider herein siderite and ankerite as very limited end-members of the carbonate, as the concentration of FeO in the carbonates from Făgăraş marbles is very low. Keeping in mind these approximations, we must understand the calculated results as a mere approximative prediction. We ran several Theriak-Domino calculations and constructed Pressure-Temperature (PT) pseudosections and Temperature-Composition (T-X) diagrams (de Capitani and Brown 1987 ) for both calcitic and dolomitic marbles, respectively (Figs. 9 , 10 , 11 , S2&S4). The thermodynamic database of Holland and Powell ( 1998 ) was employed. The calculations take into consideration the Margules parameters for ordered and disordered calcite, dolomite, and phengite marked by (1) and (2) in front of the appropriate abbreviations (see list of abbreviations in Fig. 10 , supplementary text Figs S2&S4). The PT pseudosections were completed with a PT field constrained by two extremes of continental geothermal gradients: 22ºC cold geothermal gradient, typical for orogenic belts during a collision, and 30ºC geothermal gradient, characteristic for the continental crust with late-orogenic igneous activity. We consider that the realistic thermal gradient during the metamorphism of the studied rocks should fit in between these two extremes. Therefore, the intersection of calculated bivariant fields of stable assemblages with continental thermal gradient field can better constrain the PT shape of realistic assemblages in the Făgăraş marbles (see Discussion). The presence of hydrated phases such as mica (phengitic muscovite or phlogopite), as well as the presence of high fluorine concentrations in both mica and apatite indicate that H 2 O was a present volatile phase during the metamorphism of the marbles. To constrain the PT assemblages as a function of variable volatile composition, the T-X diagrams were calculated for a bulk composition of the PN-4 and VBL-1 marble samples with a range of X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) ratio between 0 and 0.35 and 0.5, respectively. 4. Results 4.1 Mineralogy Based on the proportion of carbonate minerals vs. quartz and silicates, we differentiated four petrographic types of marbles in our samples: a) (pure) dolomitic marbles; b) impure dolomitic marbles; c) (pure) calcitic marbles; and d) impure calcitic marbles. Dolomitic marbles are dominant in the entire ridge crest area, with a differentiation between pure and impure in the Bâlea and Capra areas, respectively, whereas at Piscu Negru both types were identified. Calcitic marbles, either pure or impure, are typically found as a thin bands comprised within dolomitic marbles in the Lespezi area, and a more consistent pile in the Mușeteica Mount, here comprised between dolomitic marbles and amphibolite schists. A more detailed description of these samples is provided below. The marbles outcropping at Piscu Negru consist of alternating calcite and dolomite bands (MPN-1, MPN-2, MPN-3, PND-1, PND-2, PN-4, IS-1, IS-2, and CP-1). Optical analysis shows that both types contain varying amounts of polygranular quartz aggregates and occasional muscovite, with quartz displaying undulose extinction and recrystallization. Inclusions within dolomite and quartz contain opaque minerals and possibly apatite, zircon, or titanite (Fig. 5 a-h). Dolomite grains in some samples, especially those from the Lespezi (West) and Mușeteica (East) areas, are rich in fluid inclusions. Fluorine-rich muscovite was also identified, with up to 1.8 wt.% MgO (M5-3, M1-2, BL-1). Dolomite bands are composed of fine grains with rare larger, zoned grains. In some samples, "exsolution-like" lamellae are visible, with brighter lamellae containing more Fe and traces of Ba (Fig. S2). Quartz and fluorapatite grains are present within dolomite, along with interstitial calcite. Muscovite aligns with carbonate banding and is more common in dolomite layers, determining foliation of marbles (samples IS-1 and IS-2). At calcite-dolomite contacts, dolomite grains are included in calcite. Fe-oxides, mainly hematite, are frequent throughout the layers, with high-contrast BSE images revealing Fe-depleted rims on dolomite grains. Calcite marbles containing relict dolomite are dominant in Mount Mușeteica. M3R2-1 has a coarse-grained, interlocking matrix with dispersed dolomite crystals, anhedral quartz inclusions and rare muscovite flakes (Fig. 6 a). In M5-3, taken from mixed calcitic-dolomitic marbles adjoining a greenschist band, dolomite and silicate mineral inclusions are more abundant (Fig. 6 b-c). In the vicinity of actinolite schists, retrogressed from amphibolites, calcite marbles show transition towards more Fe- and silicate-rich bands. M1-2 contains dispersed grains of quartz, muscovite and frequent small anhedral fluorapatite grains (Figs. 6 d& 7 ). Quartz-muscovite-albite-phlogopite aggregates and ferroan calcite are present in some marbles (Fig. 5 f). The marbles in the Capra area are fine-grained dolomites with rare calcite, quartz inclusions and higher FeO content (FCp-4). A talc-zeolite-rich band is also present between gneiss and dolomitic marbles in the Fundul Caprei area. Sample FCp-5 displays relict euhedral dolomite grains surrounded by finely grained dolomite and talc megacrystals. Talc also occurs as veinlets and dispersed crystals within the dolomitic marbles at 2000 Peak and Bâlea Lake (CT-2 and BL-1). Isolated Fe-oxide (hematite) grains partially transformed to pyrite on the rim float in the dolomite matrix of CT-2 (2000 Peak marbles). In the marbles from Capra Lake (CPR-2), dolomitic rocks contain veins of late magnesian calcite and talc, with late euhedral pyrite grains (Fig. 8 ). At Bâlea Lake, dolomitic marbles contain small grains of fluorapatite, Ba-rich muscovite, and pyrite, with widespread transformation of pyrite into oxides. In sample BL-1, Ba-rich muscovite and fluorapatite crystals are associated with and have the same orientation as the quartz-rich bands, which are also parallel with the main banding/foliation of the rocks (Fig. 6 e). Cerussite (PbCO 3 ) was identified in this sample, as well as rutile associated with partially chloritized Ba-rich mica. These marbles also contain talc veins associated with rare calcite grains (BL-3). The northernmost marble bands from Bâlea Valley (VBL-1) are dolomitic, with rare clinochlore relics and trails of small graphite inclusions. Rare cavities with KCl crystals were identified in this band (Fig. 6 f). 4.2 Calcite–dolomite solvus thermometry Herein we use the calibration solvus by the curve of Anovitz and Essene ( 1987 ). Figure 10 a&b illustrates the two sides of the solvus (towards calcite and dolomite end-members, respectively). Based on the best fit logarithmic curve for our EPMA data, an equation was deduced for each side of the curve, from which temperature can be estimated based on X MgCO3 content in calcite and dolomite, respectively. The equations that we propose for temperature estimation in marbles are based on XMgCO 3 in calcite and dolomite, respectively. For calcitic marbles (T is the temperature in Celsius degrees): T = 192.67 ln (X MgCO3 ) calcite + 992.77 (1) For dolomitic marbles: T = 5357.6–5001.1 (X MgCO3 ) dolomite (2) The results (Table 3 and Figs. 9 a&b) indicate disequilibrium between co-existing calcite and dolomite, except for sample PN-4, which shows a temperature of ~ 410°C, within the error of both calcite and dolomite. Temperature estimates on calcite are much lower than those obtained from co-existing dolomite, fitting the textural observation of secondary calcite. We notice that the error of temperature estimations is generally higher in dolomite, probably because dolomite in most cases is a (non-stoichiometric) calcitic dolomite. Table 3 Solvus temperatures (˚C) of marbles in the Făgăraş Mountains Sample Petrography T dolomite Error T dol T calcite Error T cal MPN-1 Impure dolomitic 462 ± 30 336 ± 73 PND-1 Impure dolomitic 457 ± 55 196 ± 49 PN-4 Impure calcitic 417 ± 35 377 ± 23 IS-1 Pure dolomitic 482 ± 35 - - CP-1 Pure dolomitic 507 ± 180 105 ± 19 MPN-2 Pure dolomitic 517 ± 150 274 ± 105 M3R2-1 Pure calcitic - - 330 ± 62 M1-2 Impure calcitic - - 290 ± 29 CPR-2 Impure dolomitic 572 ± 85 416 ± 39 VBL-1 Pure dolomitic 617 ± 245 441 ± 34 BL-1 Pure dolomitic 557 ± 50 - - CT-2 Pure dolomitic 472 ± 65 - - The temperatures recorded by dolomite and calcite are highest (572°C and 617°C – dolomite; 416°C and 441°C – calcite) in samples CPR-1 and VBL-1, respectively. The lowest temperature recorded by dolomite (417 ± 35°C) in sample PN-4, matches, within the error, the temperature recorded by calcite. The lowest temperature estimations in calcite are below 200°C (196 ± 49°C and 105 ± 19°C for samples PND-1 and CP-1, respectively). 4.3 P-T, T-X and P-X pseudosections The compositions selected for calculations were: PN-4 (impure calcitic marble), as both calcite and co-existing dolomite showed similar solvus temperatures, suggesting equilibrium between carbonates, and VBL-1 (impure dolomitic marble), as it showed the highest temperatures recorded in both calcite and co-existing dolomite. The T-X diagram for impure calcitic marble PN-4 (SupplFig. S2) was calculated for P = 0.4 GPa and shows a sharp transition between horizontal fields (carbonate-bearing assemblages) and vertical fields (no carbonate minerals). This transition is given by the total consumption of CO 2 in mineral reaction (no free CO 2 ). At ratios of X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) 0.5, the reactions are drastically controlled by the volatile ratio for large temperature intervals. The P-X diagram was calculated for a temperature of 410°C and it also shows the same transition between horizontal and vertical fields, but the transition appears at much lower X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) ratios, of ~ 0.3 (SupplFig. S3). We notice that the calcite-mica-quartz-H 2 O-CO 2 field in the T-X and P-X diagrams appears at a lower X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) ratio, only (horizontal fields). By intersecting the corresponding fields of the same assemblage in both T-X and P-X diagrams, we obtain a PT field and a X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) ratio characteristic for the equilibration conditions of the PN-4 impure calcitic marble; T = 390–500°C, P = 0.24–0.55 GPa, X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) = 0–0.3. The PT field which would correspond to the observed mineral assemblage in the calcitic marbles PN-4 is calcite-mica-quartz-H 2 O-CO 2 (Fig. 10 ), and this field is delimited by the univariant lines marking the appearance of pyrophyllite towards lower temperature, the appearance of feldspar at lower temperatures, and the appearance of kyanite at higher pressure. By the intersection of this field with the continental geothermal field, the PT range in which this assemblage is stable is 0.25–0.5 GPa and ~ 350–500°C. The PT pseudosection (Fig. 11 ) shows the observed assemblages in sample VBL-1 (dolomite-chlorite-quartz and dolomite-chlorite-talc-quartz, respectively) as two narrow neighbor PT bands, with the talc assemblage situated at a little higher temperature and pressures exclusively smaller than 0.5 GPa. The thermal limit between ordered and disordered dolomite is situated at ~ 460°C within the limits of the dolomite-chlorite-quartz assemblage. By intersecting the above-mentioned assemblages with the continental geothermal gradient field, we obtain a possible interval of equilibration defined by the range T = 375–575°C and P = 0.375–0.7 GPa. The arrows 1 and 2 show possible PT evolution paths of dolomitic marbles and will be discussed later in the text. The results from T-X (calculated for P = 0.4 GPa) and P-X (calculated for T = 450°C) diagrams (SupplFigs S4 and S5, respectively) better constrain the interval T = 395–475°C and P = 0.3–0.55 GPa for the mineral assemblages observed in sample VBL-1. The sharp transition between the mineral assemblages containing free CO 2 (horizontal fields) and those CO 2 -free (vertical fields) shows that for both T-X and P-X diagrams, the observed assemblages in sample VBL-1 can form at X H2O /(X H2O +X CO2 ) < 0.375. 5. Discussion 5.1 Mineralogy of metamorphosed carbonates 5.1.1 Origin of mineral assemblages Wan et al. ( 2017 ) experimentally showed that dolomite reacts with a silica-rich fluid to form talc, calcite, and CO 2 (reaction 4) at ≤ 200°C and low p CO 2 . The reaction rate increases with increasing temperature and decreases with rising p CO 2 . Therefore, high temperatures and the presence of a conduit to release CO 2 will promote the formation of talc. If the releasing of CO 2 is not possible, the CO 2 production decreases H 2 O activity and hence, the reaction ceases, and the amount of talc formed remains low. 3CaMg (CO) + 4SiO + HO → Mg (SiO)(OH) + 3CaCO + 3CO (3) An important observation regarding this reaction is that SiO 2 is dissolved in a fluid, and it is not a quartz. This is the reason why we do not observe the widespread formation of talc at the contact between quartz included in dolomite and the dolomite host. However, the digesting of quartz in our samples is obvious, and this has probably to do with temperature higher than 200°C and/or more alkaline p H of the solutions, controlled by the dissolution of SiO 2 concomitantly with the deposition of secondary calcite. This observation suggests that the replacement of dolomite + quartz by calcite developed mostly outside of the talc stability field. Low-temperature conditions for talc formation, together with the observations that talc was identified to be associated with calcite along veinlets cross-cutting the foliation/banding suggest that this talc associated with calcite formed late, related to rather brittle conditions, and precipitated from a hydrothermal fluid. The presence of late calcite veins is associated with other mineral phases that are typical for hydrothermal processes: Ba-F-rich muscovite, F-rich phlogopite, fluorapatite, secondary quartz, and pyrite. The presence of talc-clinochlore schists at the contact between some dolomites and silicate country rocks (e.g., sample FCp-5) and not inside the marble bands suggests that the fluids that resulted from dehydration during retromorphism were expelled from the silicate schists to the contact between marbles and schists. This strongly indicates that talc-clinochlore schists formed by a syn-metamorphic reaction between the silicate and carbonatic bands along the contact between them. By late cooling and fluid percolation, late zeolites filled in some cavities and microfractures. One question emerges: are all the pure calcitic marbles secondary, or not? The largest body of marble in Făgăraș Mts is represented by calcitic marbles (Mușeteica area). In most cases, pure calcitic marbles show REE patterns like pure dolomitic marbles, suggesting that we could consider the large Mușeteica calcitic marble band as a primary carbonate rock. However, a closer look disproves this interpretation. The Mușeteica Mt calcitic marbles (samples M3R2-1 and M5-3) contain ellipsoidal and elongated dolomitic bands. These dolomites appear to be relict inside the calcitic body. Within the calcitic body, relics of anhedral and digested dolomite grains are also relatively common. Quartz relics, as well as subhedral or euhedral fluorapatite, and small F-rich muscovite flakes floating within the calcitic marble, suggest that the calcitic marbles are secondary and not primary mineral assemblages. Within the large calcitic marble thin quartz bands parallel to the banding/foliation are present, where quartz is partially digested by calcite. In one such quartz grains a zircon inclusion was identified, suggesting once more the relict character of quartz with respect to crystallization of calcite. Therefore, the presence of relict and digested dolomite and quartz grains in calcitic mass, which is associated with other typical hydrothermal phases shows that all calcitic marbles in Făgăraș Mts are secondary rocks, resulted by metasomatically replacement of dolomite through a hydrothermal F-rich fluid. Pure and impure calcitic bands seem to be intimately associated (e.g., samples M1-2 and M1-4; M3R2-1, M3R2-2 and M5-3 in Mușeteica site, as well as the samples from Piscu Negru site). Moreover, the occurrence of calcitic marbles appears to be restricted to the southernmost area, in the base of the studied rock pile, close to the presumed tectonic contact between Cp and Fg groups. 5.1.2 Textural relationships Texturally, the studied marbles show disequilibrium between calcite and dolomite. The secondary character of calcite is clear in almost all samples (calcite digesting dolomite, veins of calcite cross-cutting dolomite grains), except for sample PN-4 (impure calcitic marble) which, except rare secondary calcite veins, is made of a fine-grained mosaic “tiling” of calcite grains spotted with rare dolomite grains and rare quartz, where calcite and dolomite show textural thermal re-equilibration (granoblastic texture). Quartz does not show any reaction with carbonates. High contrast BSE imaging shows exsolution-like lamellae with almost no chemical difference between darker and lighter lamellae (SupplFig. S1 ). Very probably, the observed exsolution-like lamellae do not represent compositional unmixing but phase-antiphase (order-disorder) domains, or polysynthetic twinning of dolomite. For a more detailed discussion on these domains see Suppl. Text in the electronic appendix (“Exsolution lamellae and non-stoichiometric carbonates”). The formation of talc can occur at temperatures above 200°C. The PT stability field of talc is drastically controlled by the composition of the system and by the concentration of CO 2 . In ultrabasic systems, talc can be stable up to 700–750°C in the presence of forsterite (at P between 0.1 to 1–1.5 GPa) and with enstatite at P > 1.5 GPa. In talc-schists, characterized by the assemblage talc-phengite-kyanite-pyrope-quartz/coesite, talc can be stable up to ~ 700°C and P as high as 4.0 GPa (Massonne and Schreyer 1989 ). If talc is associated with tremolite/actinolite and quartz (± chlorite and albite), the thermal stability field should be higher than 200°C, but cannot surpass the condition of greenschists facies conditions (T < 550°C). Sample FCp-5 from Fundu Caprei site shows cca 0.5 m thick talc-clinochlore-zeolite schist at the contacts between gneisses and dolomitic marble bands. At temperatures below 630°C, talc (or/and other OH-bearing silicates) in equilibrium with carbonate form at H 2 O/(H 2 O + CO 2 ) ratio below 0.375 in impure dolomite marbles (sample VBL-1, Fig. S4). Carbonate breaks down at ratios higher than 0.375 to form lime (CaO) and CO 2 . In calcitic marbles, the same OH-silicates form in equilibrium with carbonate at H 2 O/(H 2 O + CO 2 ) below 0.47 (sample PN-4, Fig. S2). This shows that with increasing X CO2 , the activity of H 2 O is continuously decreasing, and the modal proportion of talc (and other OH-minerals) is continuously diminishing until it disappears from the assemblage. We suggest this is the reason why talc and chlorite cannot develop as reactions between a dolomite host and silicate inclusions. Therefore, the formation of talc is restricted to specific PTX and H 2 O/(H 2 O + CO 2 ) conditions, and to Path 2 in the PT diagram (Fig. 11 ), the only path to cross the stability field of talc 5.2 A possible PT path evolution of the Făgăraș marbles Corroborating our thermobarometry data of the calculated solvus temperatures in calcite and dolomite and the results from PT pseudosections and T–X and P–X diagrams for impure calcitic and dolomitic marbles, we can constrain both the most probable equilibration PT conditions for the observed mineral assemblages, and to discuss possible PT paths of the metamorphic evolution of Făgăraş marbles. The alternating and neighbor calcitic and dolomitic marbles, with no significant deformation planes in between them clearly indicate that they all experienced together the same metamorphic conditions. Intersecting the PT fields found for the observed assemblages in impure calcitic and dolomitic marbles, respectively, we can more realistically constrain a PT field in which the observed rocks last equilibrated, which is T = 435 ± 40°C and P = 0.42 ± 0.12 GPa. These values are estimations for a thermal gradient of ~ 25–26°C/km (an average value of the two extreme continental thermal gradients considered in our estimations), while the upper and lower values considering the errors are valid for hotter and colder thermal gradients, respectively. The estimated conditions reflect greenschist facies conditions. However, the solvus temperature calculations identified high temperatures in some dolomitic marbles (572° and 617°C), suggesting relict amphibolite facies conditions recorded by these rocks. On the other hand, some calcitic marbles recorded solvus temperatures as low as 195º and even 105°C, suggesting a clear hydrothermal evolution of these rocks. Plotting the solvus temperatures in a complete T–X MgCO3 diagram of Anovitz and Essene ( 1987 ) (Fig. 12 ) it is obvious that the studied marbles recorded thermal conditions which spanned from (relict) amphibolite facies, to greenschist and sub-greenschist facies, and (late) hydrothermal conditions. Considering the areal distribution of the samples, we notice from the solvus diagram that the dolomitic marbles from Bâlea Lake (north of the studied area) record the highest temperatures in both dolomite and calcite. The calcitic marbles, mostly present in the South of the area record the lowest temperatures, supporting the textural observations, that they are late recrystallized calcite, characteristic for greenschist and sub-greenschist facies conditions. The late mobilization and reprecipitation or re-equilibration of calcite creates a significant disequilibrium between the carbonates in Făgăraş marbles. Dolomite appears not to change its composition (X MgCO3 ) at temperatures below 400°C. At these low temperatures, calcite is the carbonate which changes its composition from magnesian calcite to pure calcite with decreasing temperature. The only sample showing textural equilibrium between calcite and dolomite, which also recorded similar solvus temperatures by both calcite and co-existing dolomite, is the impure calcitic marble PN-4 from Piscu Negru. The occurrence of talc in the presence of dolomite, chlorite and quartz constrains the pressure to values below 0.5 GPa. However, talc presence in this assemblage also implies equilibrium temperatures higher than the temperatures required for the equilibrium of dolomite-chlorite-quartz (+ H 2 O + CO 2 ). The PT path evolution is intuitive from textures, mineral compositions and thermobarometrical results. The relict aspect of dolomite (digested by late Mg-calcite), higher temperature recorded by relict dolomite, together with late veins of Mg-poor calcite constrain the metamorphic evolution to be retrograde, from amphibolite to greenschists and sub-greenschists facies conditions. Very probably, the calcitic marbles represent metamorphic segregations from more complex dolomitic marbles, a process realized during the amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. Late, post-deformational veinlets of calcite prove that pre-existing calcite was dissolved and reprecipitated during late percolation of hydrothermal fluids. Through the arrows 1 and 2 in the pseudosection for impure dolomitic marble (Fig. 11 ) we suggest two possible ways in which the marbles could have evolved during the retrograde evolution. Arrow 1 suggests a retrograde evolution along the continental geothermal gradient, produced during coupled uplift and erosion, where the only transformation is of the ordering of carbonate. Arrow 2 represents tectonic uplift, which produced an almost adiabatic decompression, taking the marbles towards the talc-bearing assemblage, from where the rock pile stopped uplift and suffered an isobaric thermal relaxation towards the local thermal gradient. The marbles recording the highest temperatures are present in the North of the studied area, while the identified greenschist and sub-greenschist facies temperatures seem to indicate a decrease of temperatures from North to South. The temperatures characteristic for hydrothermal activity recorded by calcite are mostly pervasive in marbles from the South of the studied area. However, very probably, the hydrothermal effect is present in all marbles in the studied area, but in a more reduced and localized manner, while in the South, the hydrothermal effect is major, and also associates with the presence of more developed secondary calcitic marble bands. It is interesting to mention here that in the South the calcitic marbles represent the top of the Fg Group, and the marker of the boundary between the Fg and Cp groups. Geometrically, the Cp Group finds itself (in reference to the foliation planes) above the top of the Fg Group. If this contact is tectonic or not it is still a matter of controversy to date. However, it is interesting to observe herein that the intensity of the hydrothermal circulation/precipitation is localized in the Fg Group just near the contact between the two groups. This observation strongly supports the interpretation (also obvious from the geometrical positions of the two groups) that Cp Group overthrusted the Fg Group along a tectonic plane, which later controlled the circulation of hydrothermal fluids, and was also re-worked by brittle tectonics during the Alpine orogeny. The presence of relict dolomite at Bâlea Lake, which records a metamorphic temperature of approximately 620°C, confirms that the original mineral assemblages in the marbles formed at temperatures higher than greenschist-facies conditions. This clearly indicates a polymetamorphic evolution. Additional evidence for this comes from the presence of relict mica and apatite, as well as late-stage calcite and talc textures in the marbles. The low PT metamorphic conditions of the Făgăraș Unit (as shown in Figs. 11 and 12 ), stand in contrast to the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions reported for the neighboring Cumpăna and Sebeș units. The Cumpăna Unit contains eclogites, for which Medaris et al. ( 2003 ) estimated peak metamorphic conditions of 700–800°C and 2.0–2.5 GPa. The Sebeș Unit, characterized by garnet (± staurolite ± kyanite) micaschists, is also considered a high-pressure unit similar to Cumpăna (Iancu and Seghedi 2017 ), though without definitive evidence of pressures exceeding 1.0–1.2 GPa. Both units exhibit only limited retrogression to greenschist-facies conditions. In contrast, the polymetamorphic Făgăraș Unit differs from the low-temperature units of the Călușu–Lerești Unit (Leaota Mts), which was metamorphosed under greenschist- to epidote-amphibolite-facies conditions and does not exhibit signs of polymetamorphism. During Middle to Late-Alpine orogeny, the Cumpăna–Sebeș–Făgăraș pre-Alpine tectonic stacking were altogether thrusted over Leaota units along the Supragetic Nappe, so that Cp3 Unit overthrusted Lerești Unit. The Alpine orogeny was mostly brittle in the Făgăraș and Leaota Mts, suggesting that the thrusting were relatively shallow, without producing a penetrative metamorphism. During Late Alpine orogeny, some reverse faults (quasi parallel to the orogenic axis) reactivated or affected older tectonic joints. The Făgăraș Unit likely represents carbonate and volcano-sedimentary deposits formed in a back-arc setting related to a peri-Gondwanan microcontinent. During the Variscan orogeny, this microcontinent drifted away from Gondwana and, in the late Variscan period (as suggested by Ar-Ar mica ages; Dalmeyer et al. 1998), was uplifted and tectonically juxtaposed between slices of the Sebeș Unit, along shear zones. Around the same late Variscan time (Axente et al. 2008 ), the Lerești–Călușu Unit—likely also derived from a peri-Gondwanan back-arc basin (Balintoni et al. 2009 , 2010a )—was obducted and metamorphosed under greenschist- to epidote-amphibolite-facies conditions. It was obducted together with fragments of high PT conditions (Voinești Unit, similar to Cumpăna Unit, containing eclogites) that mostly escape the low PT metamorphism. Unlike the Făgăraș Unit, the Lerești–Călușu Unit contains no marbles and shows no evidence of polymetamorphism. 6. Conclusions Optical microscopy and ion microprobe analysis of marbles in the Făgăraș Mountains confirm the presence of two dominant carbonate minerals: calcite and dolomite. Further, a detailed microscopic examination allowed distinction between pure and impure marbles (> 95% and < 95% carbonate, respectively). The calcitic marbles show relict dolomitic bands and quartz inclusions, indicating that they are secondary, formed by metasomatic replacement of dolomite by a hydrothermal F-rich fluid. Calcite-dolomite solvus thermometry indicates that the studied marbles experienced a range of thermal conditions, from relict amphibolite facies (572°–617°C) to greenschist and sub-greenschist facies (~ 435°C), followed by late-stage hydrothermal activity (as low as 195° to 105°C). Impure calcitic marbles show stable mineral assemblages (calcite-mica-quartz-H 2 O-CO 2 ) at pressures of 0.25–0.5 GPa and temperatures of 350–500°C. The presence of free CO 2 or water strongly influenced reactions, depending on the volatile ratios. The impure marbles (VBL-1) showed dolomite-chlorite-quartz and dolomite-chlorite-talc-quartz assemblages, stable at 375–575°C and 0.375–0.6 GPa, with a sharp transition between CO 2 -bearing and CO 2 -free assemblages. Corroborating the solvus thermometry and the pseudosections for calcitic and dolomitic marbles we show that these rocks equilibrated at around 435 ± 40°C and 0.42 ± 0.12 GPa, indicating greenschist facies conditions. However, some dolomitic marbles show relict amphibolite facies conditions (~ 575°C and 0.5–0.6 GPa), while calcitic marbles reveal a hydrothermal evolution at lower temperatures. The marbles in the Făgăraș area display a temperature gradient, with higher temperatures in the north (up to 617°C) and lower temperatures in the south, where late hydrothermal activity and secondary calcitic bands are present. Dolomite remains stable at lower temperatures, while calcite changes, leading to disequilibrium between the carbonates. The textures and mineral assemblages in marbles indicate a retrograde metamorphic path from amphibolite to greenschist facies, with the presence of talc suggesting equilibrium at pressures below 0.5 GPa. This makes marbles valuable petrological contributors to the knowledge of the metamorphic evolution of a unit, as well as other traditionally used petrographic types. The formation of talc-clinochlore schists at the contact between dolomites and silicate rocks suggests fluid interactions during metamorphism. These reactions occurred at the contact between silicate and carbonate bands, forming schists. Talc formation is restricted to particular pressure–temperature–composition (PTX) and water/CO 2 conditions. The presence of talc along veinlets, associated with calcite and other hydrothermal minerals, indicates a late-stage hydrothermal process. Cooling and fluid flow later resulted in zeolites filling fractures. Hydrothermal fluid circulation was likely controlled by tectonic processes, with the southern marbles showing more intense hydrothermal effects near the boundary between the Făgăraș and Sebeș groups, suggesting that the latter may have overthrust the Făgăraș Group along a tectonic plane, reworked during the Alpine orogeny. The Făgăraș Group exhibits a polymetamorphic evolution, evidenced by relict dolomite with equilibration temperature of ~ 620°C, various relics (plagioclase, zircon, rutile), oriented inclusions of mica and apatite, and texturally late calcite, and talc. The marble mineral assemblages provide low PT conditions (greenschist facies). In contrast, the neighboring Cumpăna and Sebeș groups experienced high-pressure, high-temperature conditions, while both showed limited retrogression. Unlike the polymetamorphic Făgăraș Group containing frequent marbles, the Lerești–Călușu Group shows no signs of polymetamorphism and contains no marbles. The Făgăraș Group likely represents carbonate and volcano-sedimentary deposits from a peri-Gondwanan microcontinent, which drifted away from Gondwana during the Variscan orogeny and was tectonically juxtaposed and sanwhiched between two slices of the Sebeș Group, and all juxtaposed to the Cumpăna Group in late Variscan. The resulted stacking pile (Cumpăna–Sebeș–Făgăraș groups) were tectonically thrusted over Lerești–Călușu Group during Middle to late Alpine Orogeny along the Supragetic Nappe. This thrusting was mostly brittle, suggesting that the thrusting was relatively shallow, without producing a penetrative metamorphism. Declarations Competing interests The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Funding This research was financially supported by a Young Researchers grant from the Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), project no. YR 13055/2017 (to MLT), and grants of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (CNCS–UEFISCDI), project numbers PCE 197/2016 (CARPATHEMS); MC 480/2019 to MLT; and PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0901 (DEVOBAS) to RRD. Author Contribution G.C. and M.L.T. designed the research and wrote the main manuscript text. M.L.T. prepared the figures. M.L.T. and R.R.D. secured funding for this study. 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Geol Soc Sp 297:345–383. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP297.17 Năstăseanu S, Bercia I, Iancu V, Vlad Ș, Hârtopanu I (1981) The Structure of the South Carpathians (Mehedinți-Banat Area). Guide to Excursion B2 at the 12 th Congress of the Carpatho-Balkan Geol. Assoc. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Bucharest. Neubauer F (2002) Evolution of late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic tectonic elements in Central and Southeast European Alpine mountain belts: review and synthesis. Tectonophysics 352:87–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00190-7 Pană D, Balintoni I, Heaman L, Creaser R (2002) The U-Pb and Sm-Nd dating of the main lithotectonic assemblages of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. Geol Carpath 53:177–180 Reiser MK, Schuster R, Tropper P, Fügenschuh B (2017) Constraints on the depositional age and tectonometamorphic evolution of marbles from the Biharia Nappe System (Apuseni Mountains, Romania). Geologica Carpathica 68:147–166. https://doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0012 Roban R-D, Luffi PI, Ducea MN, Lazăr I, Costin G, Munteanu I, Barbu V, Ene V-V, Melinte-Dobrinescu MC (2024) Deciphering the early-stage evolution of relict marine basins: the case of the Ceahlău-Severin Ocean of the Romanian Carpathians. IAS 2024, Aberdeen, Ireland (abstract). Roeder DG (2012) Convergent margins and orogenic belts. In: Roeder DG, Bally AW (eds) Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis, pp 112–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53042-4.00006-6 Rosenberg PE (1963) Subsolidus relations in the system CaCO 3 –FeCO 3 . Am J Sci 261:683–689 Russo-Săndulescu D, Udrescu C, Stoian M (1996) Jurassic alkaline and subalkaline magmatites from the inner Danubian Domain: geochemistry and evolution. An Inst Geol Rom, Part I 69:150–153 Savu H (2012) Evolution of carbonate rocks during the regional metamorphism in South Carpathians and genesis of associated „reaction skarns”. Proc Rom Acad (Series B) 2:151–155 Savu H, Schuster AC (1971) Structura și petrologia șisturilor cristaline din regiunea Șinca Nouă-Holbav (Munții Făgăraș). DS Inst Geol Geofiz 57:89–114 Săndulescu M (1984) Geotectonics of Romania. Technical Press, Bucharest Schmid SM, Fügenschuh B, Kounov A, Maţenco L, Nievergelt P, Oberhänsli R, Pleuger J, Schefer S, Schuster R, Tomljenović B, Ustaszewski K, van Hinsbergen DJJ (2020) Tectonic units of the Alpine collision zone between Eastern Alps and western Turkey. Gondwana Res 78:308–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.005 Sheppard SMF (1966) Carbon and oxygen isotope studies in marbles. PhD Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton (Ontario) Sheppard SMF, Schwarcz HP (1970) Fractionation of carbon and oxygen isotopes and magnesium between coexisting metamorphic calcite and dolomite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 26:161–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373200 Spear FS (1989) Petrologic determination of metamorphic pressure-temperature-time paths. In: Spear FS, Peacock SM (eds) Metamorphic Pressure‐Temperature‐Time Paths. American Geophysical Union, pp 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1029/SC007p0001 Wan Y, Wang Xiaolin, Chou IM, Hu W, Zhang Y, Wang, Xiaoyu (2017) An experimental study of the formation of talc through CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O interaction at 100–200°C and vapor-saturation pressures. Geofluids:3942826. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3942826 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementaryinformation.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 06 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Feb, 2025 First submitted to journal 26 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6115109","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":422185910,"identity":"abd9a11c-ebee-4e33-bd4f-8349ba6a0ebb","order_by":0,"name":"Gelu Costin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rice University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gelu","middleName":"","lastName":"Costin","suffix":""},{"id":422185911,"identity":"7e433d26-cf6e-4225-80f0-cc22d375529b","order_by":1,"name":"Maria-Laura Tîrlă","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgbGAwwVUE5iAxE6eJgZGA4wnCFJCxAfYGyD8hiJ0WLPzvvgwM95tXL8DDxmDx7uOCzPIH34AAGHsRsc7N123FiygcfcIPHMYcMGvrQEAlrYGA7wbjuWuOEAj5lEYtvhBAYeHgOCWg7+nXOsnjQth3kbahIMiNdyGKhF5tgBw5nNbGUSiWfSDdt42PD7hb3/GOPDNzV18vzszdskf+6wlufnYT6AVwsUHAYlAwhgI0Y9ENQRqW4UjIJRMApGJAAAT5g94PNk7TAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bucharest","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maria-Laura","middleName":"","lastName":"Tîrlă","suffix":""},{"id":422185912,"identity":"ef2704b4-11ef-4b69-ad85-f59ca9abe49b","order_by":2,"name":"Relu-Dumitru Roban","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bucharest","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Relu-Dumitru","middleName":"","lastName":"Roban","suffix":""},{"id":422185913,"identity":"62cbd41a-1fcc-43f0-80a4-a4c6a4ba3243","order_by":3,"name":"Ionuț-Cornel Mirea","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Romanian Academy","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ionuț-Cornel","middleName":"","lastName":"Mirea","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-26 17:08:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6115109/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6115109/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77630877,"identity":"052b36a5-6b81-49bc-863d-81b5ff729610","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:29:49","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":362642,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeological setting of the Făgăraș Mountains within the framework of the Southern Carpathians (SC): \u003c/strong\u003ea) Position of the SC in the Carpathian Orogen;\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eb) Alpine structures of the SC, with thrust and fault systems compiled from Costin (2001) and Ducea and Roban (2016); c) Synthetic cross-section through the Southern Carpathians\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e(adapted and simplified from Iancu 1986; Balintoni et al. 1986; Berza and Iancu 1994).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/1e3843dced957046e9ee1f51.png"},{"id":77629572,"identity":"213d1bee-9ebf-4dd9-9750-0c60a0446a49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":164407,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePre-Alpine metamorphic units of the Făgăraș Mountains and structural relationships with the adjoining Getic Unit in the Leaota Group [simplified from Iancu and Mărunțiu (1994) and Costin (2000), Fig. 12]. The exact position of the eastern limit of the Sebeș window in the ridge crest area is not known, and it is illustrated here with a dashed line. The inset shows the exact position of the map in Figure 3, showing the sampling area.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/781ee461ff854619f4c6a542.png"},{"id":77629569,"identity":"a90e1005-7546-418e-8c21-e492e00bbd49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":523775,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGeological map of the Făgăraș Unit in the area of interest, scale 1:200,000 (modified from Dessila-Codarcea and Dimitrescu 1968), with the location of sampling outcrops indicated by sample codes. This is the only available published map showing both lithology and structure in the study area; the geological sheet at the scale of 1:50,000 is still in progress. Based on the dominant carbonate mineral determined in our samples, we differentiated on this map between the calcitic and dolomitic marble stripes.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/e789bb20da96f9072b693f65.png"},{"id":77629955,"identity":"99375023-48c4-40c0-961d-714c555045d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:21:49","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":544435,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eOutcrop pics of the sampling sites. a) General view of the Făgăraș ridge crest in the Buda-Mușeteica marble area; b) the northernmost dolomitic (dol) marbles in the Bâlea Valley (samples VBL-1 to VBL-3); c) dol marbles from Bâlea Lake (sample BL-1); d) dol marbles at the contact with greenschists at capra Lake (sample CPR-2); e) dol marbles from Fundu Caprei (sample FCp-2); f) dol marbles from Piscu Negru-Lespezi area (samples CP-1, PN-4, PN-7); g) greenschist band intercalated in the mixed calcitic-dolomitic marbles from Mușeteica area.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/7c3f2a8c4b514e89313045e0.png"},{"id":77629578,"identity":"69c58ca9-2ad2-4392-95ac-0c782e301b3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":564378,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(a-h).\u003c/strong\u003eSelected photomicrographs of mineral inclusions and banded quartz aggregates in Piscu Negru marbles: a) Qz aggregates in dolomitic marble (MPN-2); b-c) Fine-grained elongated Qz aggregates, lots of opaque and high-relief inclusions (MPN-1); d) Mineral and fluid inclusions in Qz grain (MPN-2); e) Qz aggregates elongated along foliation (MPN-3); f) Ms-Ab-Qz-Chl aggregates ~20% vol. (M1-4); g-h) Coarse-grained elongated Qz aggregates in fine-grained dolomitic marble (PND-1).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/89d5b21c39a777595e6eaeb4.png"},{"id":77629577,"identity":"cdbe1ced-8833-438a-8da9-a4daf8278b61","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":296048,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCalcitic and dolomitic marble samples from Mușeteica and Bâlea Lake, respectively (BSE images): a) Dispersed dolomite grains surrounded by calcite (M3R2-1); b) The same reaction was recorded by marbles adjoining a greenschist band, showing a higher dolomite percentage left (M5-3); c) Close-up view of calcite-dolomite consuming reaction, with calcite veinlets developed between dolomite grains. Small fluorapatite grain near dolomite (M5-3); d) Fluorapatite, muscovite and quartz dispersed in calcite band (M1-2); e) Bands with anhedral quartz, Ba-rich mica, and fluorapatite in dolomite (BL-1, Bâlea Lake); f) KCl crystals in dolomite voids (VBL-1, Bâlea Valley).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/e2f3059487e0b7bde951730e.png"},{"id":77629580,"identity":"82fd6cc0-1e62-4c3f-8325-3d867fd18b41","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":295762,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMuscovite and apatite inclusions, and digested quartz in calcite marbles, sample M1-2. Semi-quantitative WDS elemental map (scale in wt. %): a) K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO ; b) MgO; c) SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e; d) CaO; e) Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e; f) P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e. Ms: muscovite; Cal: calcite; Qz: quartz; Ap: apatite.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/ce7aa7c5c93739ce8515aa38.png"},{"id":77629574,"identity":"f07b5bed-21f5-4ae3-9bf0-11b386794ba0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":378122,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMagnesian calcite and talc veins in dolomitic marble, sample CPR-2. Semi-quantitative WDS map: a) MgO; b) SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e; c) CaO; d) Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. Tc: talc; Cal: calcite; Dol: dolomite.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/51ed541824b31a703f8c1ec7.png"},{"id":77629576,"identity":"b40d0099-9b80-4183-ab29-ee4d6ccaa9c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":99187,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTemperature vs. X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e in calcite (a) and in dolomite (b) in the analyzed Făgăraș marbles using the calibration solvus by the curve of Anovitz and Essene (1987).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/f962b8f71ed19e4d21380519.png"},{"id":77629592,"identity":"de344f3a-4a78-480e-ac64-dc72b3b725c7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:13:49","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":171507,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePT pseudosection for impure calcitic marble (sample PN-4).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/64cf047231fdb599137a64ba.png"},{"id":77629963,"identity":"9d0d450d-58db-4c52-a57a-710dbf5e1931","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:21:49","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":227656,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePT pseudosection for impure dolomitic marble (sample VBL-1, Bâlea Valley). The arrows indicate possible PT evolution paths of dolomitic marbles.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/87b143f769e928ebe0e86470.png"},{"id":77630899,"identity":"0968e206-c11c-40de-90f5-697e594c7546","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:29:49","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":126276,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTemperature–X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e diagram sowing solvus temperatures for the Făgăraș marbles (selected samples). See explanation in the text.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/dc023a805f31c1f2c3ce781f.png"},{"id":77632112,"identity":"fa6c0453-9c61-45f1-b564-c9466ec081b7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:45:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":5124046,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/d4db38cc-a0c4-4867-bc2a-bdeccb677330.pdf"},{"id":77629954,"identity":"b38c4a1f-99ad-4db5-8e9d-cee7274b8e5d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 17:21:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":526005,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementaryinformation.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6115109/v1/b5b557822ce9bd22a7e5480d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Mineralogy and thermobarometry of marbles unravel retrogression and hydrothermal imprint of a polymetamorphic terrane (Făgăraș Unit, Southern Carpathians, Romania)","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe mineralogy of marbles is generally simple, consisting of calcite and/or dolomite (major mineral contributors). These two carbonates are known for being stable in a wide variety of pressure (P) \u0026ndash; Temperature (T) conditions, and they do not drastically change their mineralogy during crossing metamorphic grades. For this reason, marbles are largely ignored in thermobarometry studies. However, the existence of calcite-dolomite solvus makes marbles a key contributor to understanding the PT evolution of a metamorphic unit (Mizuochi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Calcite-dolomite solvus is a simple and accurate geothermometer, first calibrated by Goldsmith and Heard (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e), of particular interest for the study of marbles, or calc-silicate rocks coexisting with calcite and dolomite (Spear \u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e; Letargo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e). The thermometry methods applicable to marbles are far more restrictive compared to the variety of methods that can be applied to silicate rocks. This is mostly related to the fact that: i) ion exchange reactions (e.g., widely used Mg\u0026ndash;Fe\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e exchange in silicates, very sensitive to temperature changes), are less expected in a simple CaO\u0026ndash;MgO\u0026ndash;CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e system; ii) net transfer reactions dependent on P or/and T (mostly involving silicates) are not common, except for calc-silicates. However, with increasing SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e in the carbonate system, even at very low concentrations of FeO and Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, these types of reactions become available.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the most common methods used for temperature estimation in carbonate systems is the solvus method. A lot of effort has been paid in order to experimentally constrain the extent of solvus in between calcite and dolomite (Harker and Tuttle \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1955\u003c/span\u003e; Graf and Goldsmith \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1958\u003c/span\u003e; Goldsmith and Heard \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e; Grummon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1977\u003c/span\u003e; Byrnes and Wyllie \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e; Anovitz and Essene \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e), calcite and siderite (Goldsmith et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1962\u003c/span\u003e; Rosenberg \u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1963\u003c/span\u003e), or dolomite and magnesite (Goldsmith and Heard \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1961\u003c/span\u003e; Irving and Wyllie \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1975\u003c/span\u003e; Byrnes and Wyllie \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermobarometry modeling using pseudosections (PT, TX and PX) realized with specialized software (Theriak-Dommino, Perplex or others) are very useful to i) estimate the extension of the PT stability fields of mineral assemblages containing silicates associated with carbonates and ii) compare the succession of mineral assemblages observed in the marbles with the succession of the assemblages in the PT fields on the pseudosections, so that a PT path can be estimated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Făgăraș terrane is one of the building blocks of the Southern Carpathians (Median Dacides sensu Săndulescu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e, or Dacia Mega-unit cf. Schmid et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Its pre-Mesozoic basement has a distinct tectono-metamorphic composition, consisting of several distinct structural groups amalgamated into a pre-Alpine (Variscan) nappe stack identified in the Central Southern Carpathians, namely the Sebeș, the Cumpăna, and the Făgăraș groups (Iancu and Mărunțiu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). New petrologic-mineralogical data and isotopic ages added precise arguments concerning the existence of contrasting litho-tectonic and metamorphic history (Balintoni et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Ducea et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu and Seghedi \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e and references therein). Petrologic architecture and lithologic assemblage of the Făgăraș Group mostly consist of micaschists and plagiogneisses with banded to lentiform amphibolites and marbles (from hereafter referred to as the Făgăraș marbles), different from those of the adjacent pre-Upper Carboniferous lithostructural units (Sebeș and Cumpăna). All these evolved in contraction/collision stages as pre-Mesozoic terranes (sensu Balintoni et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) incorporated into the Getic-Supragetic nappe complex in the polyphase (mid- and late Cretaceous) Alpine orogeny (Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005a\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe metamorphic evolution of the Southern Carpathians, including the Făgăraș Group, has previously been estimated by the study of mineral parageneses (e.g., Savu and Schuster \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1971\u003c/span\u003e; Giușcă et al. 1977; Iancu et al. 2005 and referenced therein). Furthermore, Ciulavu et al (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) constrained in more detail the metamorphic evolution of the Danubian Window by adding illite K\u0026uuml;bler index measurements and organic matter reflectance data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReiser et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) applied calcite-dolomite geothermometry for the first time in the Romanian Carpathians on the marbles of the Biharia Nappe System (Apuseni Mountains).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is the first thermobarometry study on marbles conducted in the Southern Carpathians. Also, no thermobarometry study on the Făgăraș Unit currently exists. The rock pile was described to be retromorphic from amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions based on thin section petrography. Savu and Schuster (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1971\u003c/span\u003e) gave an estimation of pressure and temperature for the Făgăraș Group to be P\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;4 kbar and T\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;450\u0026deg;C, respectively. Yet, no type of calculation method was provided, whereas other thermobarometrical estimations do not seem to be available in the published literature. The Făgăraș marbles have barely been studied by now (e.g., Gheuca \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e, Savu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e), and a closer thermobarometry approach promises to deliver substantial evidence on the metamorphic and hydrothermal evolution of their host unit. We applied herein the synthesis of several solvus experiments (pressure corrected) in the system calcite-dolomite done by Anovitz and Essene (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e) and we calculated pseudosections (PT, TX and PX) on one dolomitic and one calcitic marble, using Theriak-Domino (de Capitani and Petrakakis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The results could help understand better (a) the PT conditions that controlled mineral reactions in marbles and (b) the polymetamorphic history of the Făgăraș Group, delivering a better-constrained evolutionary framework within its host terrane.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Geological background","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Structural units and lithology\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe widely accepted structural model of the Median Dacides in the Southern Carpathians (e.g., Săndulescu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e and references therein; Iancu et al. 2005; currently part of the Dacia Mega-unit, sensu Schmid et al. and references therein) identifies three major Alpine nappe systems. From the lowest to the highest structural position, these are: the Danubian nappes (divided into Lower and Upper Danubian), the Severin and Arjana nappes, and the Getic and Supragetic nappes (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The Danubian nappes (Berza et al. 1994) are composed of Proterozoic medium-grade metamorphic rocks and large igneous (granitic) bodies (Li\u0026eacute;geois et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1996\u003c/span\u003e), along with low-grade Paleozoic meta-sedimentary formations, overlain by Late Carboniferous to Permian and Mesozoic sediments (Berza and Iancu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005b\u003c/span\u003e). These rock assemblages are characterized by Variscan (pre-Late Carboniferous) very low- to low-grade regional metamorphism (Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005b\u003c/span\u003e) and Alpine retrograde metamorphism (reactivation). The middle Alpine units, Severin and Arjana nappes, consist of Late Jurassic mafic and ultramafic rocks and Azuga-type, deep sea deposits, along with Early Cretaceous turbidites (Sinaia Formation) (Codarcea \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1940\u003c/span\u003e; Năstăseanu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e). Arjana nappes also comprise bimodal alkaline igneous rocks indicating an intraplate rift-related geotectonic setting, marking the beginning of Jurassic rifting (Russo-Săndulescu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1996\u003c/span\u003e). The Severin Nappe contains ultramafic rocks (Mărunțiu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e; Mărunțiu and Seghedi \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1983\u003c/span\u003e) and EMORB-type basalts (i.e., mid-ocean ridge basalts slightly enriched in incompatible elements) (Roban et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Getic and Supragetic are often referred to as the Getic Realm or Getic-Supragetic nappe complex (e.g., Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005a\u003c/span\u003e). The Supragetic nappes were thrust over the Getic nappe during two tectonic stages, the Middle Cretaceous (Aptian) and Upper Cretaceous (Senonian) according to Balintoni et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e) for Făgăraș and Lotru Mountains, and to Iancu (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e) in the western Banat-Poiana Ruscă Mountains. The Getic-Supragetic nappe complex was further thrust over the Severinides and Danubian in the late Cretaceous (Senonian) tectogenetic phase (Codarcea \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1940\u003c/span\u003e; Săndulescu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005a\u003c/span\u003e). Subsequently, the imbricated Getic-Supragetic and Severin-Arjana nappes as well as the Danubian nappes (Berza et al. 1994 and references therein) were thrust (intra-Miocene) over the Moesian Platform with Paleozoic to Mesozoic sedimentary formations (Codarcea \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1940\u003c/span\u003e; Săndulescu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e; Balintoni \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005a\u003c/span\u003e). In the hinterland of the Southern Carpathians, post-Mesozoic (Tertiary) deposits form a discontinuous post-nappe cover, filling sedimentary basins during various tectonic episodes (Balintoni \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005a\u003c/span\u003e; Săndulescu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e). Based on metamorphism and lithologic associations, the Getic-Supragetic Alpine nappes' basement is subdivided into pre-Alpine units, although boundaries and naming conventions have been debated (e.g., Balintoni \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu and Mărunțiu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Kr\u0026auml;utner \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e; Medaris et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e). Balintoni (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e) proposed that the Getic-Supragetic unit (\u0026ldquo;Getides\u0026rdquo;) contains distinct terranes with unique lithological, deformational, and metamorphic histories. Complex petrologic studies and deep-seated shear zones identified and mapped by Iancu and Mărunțiu (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e) and Iancu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005b\u003c/span\u003e) led to litho-tectonic and tectono-metamorphic Variscan units inside of the so-called terranes. From metamorphic point of view these are grouped into: (1) medium-grade metamorphic terranes with high-pressure rock bodies associated (Sebeș and Cumpăna units) as well as lacking HP rocks (Făgăraş and Bocşiţa-Dirmoxa units or groups), and (2) low- to medium-grade metamorphic terranes (prograde epidote-amphibolite to greenschist facies outcropping in Leaota and Banat Mountains). Polystage retrograde metamorphism of low-grade areas are extended inside of the Făgăraș and Bocșița-Drimoxa units, as well as spatially related to some tectonic contacts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Făgăraș Massif comprises the easternmost Supragetic units (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eb). It features several structural metamorphic units separated by Variscan tectonic lines, many of which were reworked during Alpine thrusting (Iancu and Mărunțiu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e; Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). According to Iancu and Mărunțiu (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1994\u003c/span\u003e) and Iancu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e), the Făgăraş Massif includes the Cumpăna, Sebeș and Făgăraș groups (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The Cumpăna Group consists of plagioclase gneisses and amphibolites, with Variscan crystallization ages of 330\u0026ndash;340 Ma (Ar-Ar dating; Dallmeyer et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e), and 358 Ma (Sm/Nd ages of HP mafic rocks; Medaris et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e). Metagranitoid (augen gneiss) bodies were dated as Ordovician, with ages of 458.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.5 and 466.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2 Ma (Balintoni et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e and references herein). The Făgăraş Group comprises plagioclase gneisses, amphibolites, micaschists, and marbles, showing retrogression from amphibolite to greenschist facies (e.g. Savu and Schuster \u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1971\u003c/span\u003e; Giușcă et al. 1977; Balintoni et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e; Kr\u0026auml;utner \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e). This petrographic assemblage indicates a protolithic affinity to epicontinental platformtype sediments and volcanic rocks (Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). The absence of eclogites shows that the Făgăraș terrane escaped subduction process during the pre-Alpine nappe stacking (Iancu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). Structurally, the Făgăraș Group was assigned to the Făgăraș Unit by Kr\u0026auml;utner (1978) and to the Moldoveanu Nappe by Balintoni et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e). In the nearby Leaota Massif, Iancu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005b\u003c/span\u003e) identified distinct units, including the following units (from bottom to the top of the pile): Voinești (upper amphibolite facies containing eclogites). Lerești (epidote-amphibolite facies rocks), and Călușu (greenschist facies metasedimentary rocks).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Geologic evolution\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe current geological structure likely represents an amalgamation of pre-Variscan terranes, primarily of Cadomian age (Balintoni et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010b\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Drăguşanu and Tanaka \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Ducea \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Pană et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e). These terranes are thought to be fragments of micro-continents that originated from Paleo-Northern Gondwana and were accreted into the Variscan belt of Southern and Central Europe through two main processes: (a) Andean-type subduction of oceanic crust during the latest Neoproterozoic\u0026ndash;Early Cambrian interval (c. 570\u0026ndash;520 Ma), and (b) subsequent continental collision during the Devonian-Carboniferous (Neubauer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e; Nance et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the case of the Făgăraș and Leaota Massifs, subduction is thought to have led to the formation of eclogites and the generation of crustal melts [such as the eclogites associated with the Albești granites in the Bughea tectonic boundary (shear zone and tectonic m\u0026eacute;lange cf. Iancu and Seghedi \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e and references herein) of the Leaota Massif, and kyanite eclogites from the Cp1 Unit in the Topolog valley of the Făgăraș Massif]. The formation of these granites has been dated to the Ordovician (U-Pb zircon ages\u0026mdash;Balintoni 2009, 2010). These rocks were later amalgamated, compressed, and uplifted during the collisional phase that followed subduction. This collision resulted in: (a) significant thrusting, visible as mylonitic contacts between amalgamated fragments in the Făgăraș Massif, caused by crustal shortening, and (b) widespread regional metamorphism, predominantly under garnet amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. Variscan crystallization ages of 330\u0026ndash;340 Ma (Ar-Ar dating on micas and amphibole) have been documented for the Cumpăna Group, and extensive old Mesozoic retrogressive overprint (ca. 200 Ma) has been found for the Făgăraș Group from the mylonitic quartzites outcropping in the B\u0026acirc;lea Valley, as shown by Dallmeyer et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). Axente et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) documented Variscan ages of 357\u0026ndash;352, 354\u0026ndash;335 and 337\u0026ndash;331 Ma on amphiboles and micas from the Leaota tectonic complex (Voinești Unit, considered metamorphic equivalent to Cumpăna, Lerești and Călușu units).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScarce data exists on the protolith age of the meta-sedimentary rocks in the Făgăraș Group. One detrital zircon data from Podragu paragneiss suggests a Late Cambrian to Ordovician age, likely formed in a back-arc setting (Balintoni et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). The association with the Cumpăna terrane and older zircon ages indicate a peri-Gondwanan, North African origin for the marbles, dating from the Neo-Proterozoic to the Late Cambrian-Ordovician (Balintoni and Balica \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Sampling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwenty-three hand specimens of marble and country rock were collected from outcrops of the Făgăraș unit across the central ridge of the Făgăraș Mountains for thin-section microscopy and microprobe analysis (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u0026amp; \u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). The sampling strategy prioritized the spatial distribution of marble bands across the orogen in a north-south direction, ranging from the northernmost marble band in the B\u0026acirc;lea glacial valley to the southern areas in the Lespezi, Piscu Negru, and Mușeteica mounts. This approach enabled the assessment of geochemical variations across the entire carbonate sequence of the central Făgăraș Unit. In total, eight lentiform carbonate rock bodies spread over an area of approximately 6 km\u0026sup2; were examined.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample location and petrographic types of the Făgăraș marbles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLatitude (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLongitude (E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePetrographic type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVBL-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u0026acirc;lea Valley (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;25\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;54\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVBL-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u0026acirc;lea Valley (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;26\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;52\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBL-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u0026acirc;lea Lake (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;11\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;56\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBL-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u0026acirc;lea Lake (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;16\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;37\u0026rsquo;01\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCT-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u0026acirc;lea Tunnel (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;27\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;37\u0026rsquo;08\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCT-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u0026acirc;lea Tunnel (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;27\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;37\u0026rsquo;08\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFCp-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundu Caprei (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;39\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;38\u0026rsquo;21\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFCp-5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundu Caprei (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;39\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;38\u0026rsquo;21\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTalc-zeolite-bearing dolomite\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIS-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Lespezi (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;51\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;27\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiscu Negru Mine (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;32\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;46\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiscu Negru Mine (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;32\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;46\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePN-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Lespezi (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;50\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;19\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM3R2-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Mușeteica (E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;34\u0026rsquo;26\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;39\u0026rsquo;03\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePN-7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Lespezi (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;50\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;19\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePN-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Lespezi (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;50\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;19\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure calcite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM1-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Mușeteica (E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;34\u0026rsquo;02\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;38\u0026rsquo;25\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure calcite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM5-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Mușeteica (E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;34\u0026rsquo;23\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;39\u0026rsquo;01\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure calcite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCPR-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapra Lake (N)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;54\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;37\u0026rsquo;42\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM1-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMount Mușeteica (E)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;34\u0026rsquo;2\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;38\u0026rsquo;25\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiscu Negru Mine (S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;32\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;46\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePND-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapra Valley (S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;35\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;13\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePND-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapra Valley (S)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026deg;33\u0026rsquo;35\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;13\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomite marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected electron microprobe data of calcitic and dolomitic marbles. Full table goes as SupplTable \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e (electronic appendix).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"20\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRock type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMnO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMgO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSrO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMn\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSi\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eXMgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emarble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.959\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.24\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.31\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.12\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.20\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.35\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.013\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.003\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.011\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.010\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.963\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.48\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.04\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.25\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.29\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.022\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.012\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.007\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePND-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emarble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.966\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.12\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.34\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.38\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.47\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.56\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.014\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.010\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.024\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.015\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePND-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.15\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.08\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.006\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePN-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure calcitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.984\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.997\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.08\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.20\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.22\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.009\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.010\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.006\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePN-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.970\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.993\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIS-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.28\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.36\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.012\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.003\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.012\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.010\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCP-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.955\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSt Dev\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCP-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.983\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.93\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.07\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.04\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.75\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.82\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.037\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.035\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.021\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPN-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.903\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.40\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.13\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.017\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.012\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.007\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM3R2-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.968\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.998\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.15\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.21\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.16\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.007\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.010\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM1-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure cal. marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.948\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.04\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.50\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.07\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.08\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.57\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.028\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.015\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.00\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCPR-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.51\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.49\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.54\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.021\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.003\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.024\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.015\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCPR-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.927\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.18\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.51\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.18\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.48\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.027\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.009\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.013\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVBL-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.907\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.26\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.10\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1.20\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.86\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.047\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.003\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.055\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.023\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVBL-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.912\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.36\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.59\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.21\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.17\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.027\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.010\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.006\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.007\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBL-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.994\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.915\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.45\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.43\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.23\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.53\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.47\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.018\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.006\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.028\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.012\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.008\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCT-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDolomitic marble\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.997\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.951\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSt Dev\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.32\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.05\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.03\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.50\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.02\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.59\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.014\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.026\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.016\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.000\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.01\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"20\"\u003eCation number normalized to 6 Oxygen atoms; XMgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e is the proportion of MgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in dolomite; for excluding the Fe and Mn effect, XMgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2*Mg/(Mg\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Ca)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"20\"\u003e* CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e was estimated by difference; **mixed analyses, Carbon (cation)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2.05; not used in solvus calculation;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"20\"\u003eabbr: c (pure calcitic, ic (impure calcitic), d (pure dolomitic), id (impure dolomitic),\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"20\"\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;number of analyses.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Sample preparation and optical microscopy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 30 thin sections of marble and host rock samples were prepared at the Lithos Research Centre, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest, following Barker\u0026rsquo;s (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) guidelines. The sections were cut perpendicular to the foliation plane, ground to a final thickness of approximately 30 \u0026micro;m, and then examined for mineralogy using a Nikon Eclipse E200 polarized microscope. Some sections were stained with Alizarin Red S and potassium ferricyanide to differentiate between dolomite (white), low-magnesium calcite (LMC, pink), high-magnesium calcite (HMC, pale pink), and ferroan calcite (blue) following Dickson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1965\u003c/span\u003e). Based on staining we grouped our samples in dolomitic and calcitic marbles. Further, based on the proportion of quartz and other silicates we categorized our samples into pure marbles (less than 5% quartz and/or other silicates) and impure marbles (more than 5% quartz and/or other silicates).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 EPMA quantitative analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEPMA data acquisition, which included Secondary Electron (SE) and Back-scattered Electron (BSE) imaging, quantitative Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry (WDS) point analysis, and WDS quantitative element mapping, was conducted at the Department of Earth, Environment, and Planetary Science, Rice University, using a Jeol JXA 8530F Hyperprobe. This instrument features a field emission-assisted thermo-ionic (Schottky) emitter and is equipped with five Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometers (WDS). For quantitative analysis of carbonates, the operating conditions included a 15 kV acceleration voltage, 10 nA beam current, and a defocused beam size of 1\u0026ndash;5 microns, depending on the carbonate grain size. Quantification was performed using the PRZ (JEOL) matrix correction method. X-ray counting times were 20 seconds per peak for each element (10 seconds for the peak and 5 seconds for both lower and upper background), except for Sr and Ba, where the counting times were 30 seconds per peak and 20 seconds for each background. The standards used for quantification included natural minerals: olivine (Fo93) for Si (Kα) and Fe (Kα), dolomite for Mg (Kα) and Ca (Kα), rhodonite for Mn (Kα), celestine for Sr (Lα), and barite for Ba (Lα). Carbon weight percentage (wt%) was estimated by difference. In some sessions, plagioclase was used for Ca and olivine for Mg. Each microprobe session began with calibration and the analysis of secondary standards, achieving reproducibility with errors below 2% for carbonates and silicates. Data reduction involved calculating cation numbers normalized to six oxygen atoms [e.g., the general carbonate formula AB(CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e]. Silicon was analyzed alongside other elements to assess the combined effects of carbonate and quartz or other silicates in the analytical volume.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Thermobarometry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe solvus calcite-dolomite geothermometer (Anovitz and Essene \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e) was used to estimate the P-T-X conditions during the metamorphic evolution of the Făgăraș marbles. We generated equilibrium pseudosections (P-T, T-X, and P-X) for two representative marble samples (dolomite and calcite, respectively) using thermodynamic modeling applied to the CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026ndash;MgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026ndash;FeCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e system in the Theriak-Domino software (de Capitani and Petrakakis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The thermodynamic database and the H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026ndash;CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e solution were taken from Holland and Powell (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e). Details on the phases and solid solution models are mentioned in each diagram.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4.1 Calcite-Dolomite solvus thermometry\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA solvus thermometer principle in the calcite-dolomite system assumes that a complex (Ca\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eMg\u003csub\u003ey\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e solid solution stable at higher temperatures can exsolve at lower temperatures a CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-rich and a CaMg(CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-rich carbonate, respectively, and temperature controls the MgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e exchange between calcite and dolomite.\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne problem in applying the solvus method in calcite-dolomite bearing rocks is that calcite and dolomite should be in thermal equilibrium. There are two situations in which the equilibrium can be assumed: i) textural equilibrium, and ii) similar temperature estimates for co-existing calcite and dolomite. If calcite and dolomite provide different solvus temperatures, then the two minerals are not in equilibrium. However, if the rocks are poor in Ca-Mg-silicates and Ca and Mg were not partitioned between calcite/dolomite and another silicate phase, then we can assume that the individual solvus temperature estimated for calcite and dolomite, respectively, signify the temperatures of two different thermal carbonate assemblages.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe use herein the synthesis of several solvus experiments (pressure corrected) in the system calcite-dolomite done by Anovitz and Essene (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e). The effect of siderite (FeCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) on calcite-dolomite solvus was ignored herein, due to the small Fe concentration found in the analyzed carbonates and its insignificant effect on the calcite-dolomite solvus (Sheppard \u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1966\u003c/span\u003e; Sheppard and Schwarcz \u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e). For example, Sheppard and Schwarcz (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1970\u003c/span\u003e) stated that calcite with 1 mole % FeCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in equilibrium with Fe-dolomite increases the solvus temperature with 8\u0026deg;C at 600\u0026deg;C, and at temperatures lower than 600\u0026deg;C, this error decreases. Concentrations smaller than 1\u0026ndash;2 mole% of SrCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and MnCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e have a similar insignificant effect on the calcite-dolomite solvus, and therefore Sr and Mn were also neglected in our solvus calculations. For a detailed discussion on the use of calcite-dolomite solvus thermometry, visit the supplementary text A1 in the electronic appendix.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4.2 Equilibrium phase diagrams (P-T, T-X and P-X pseudosections)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith increasing SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e in the carbonate system, the number of possible net-transfer reactions increases, allowing the identification of univariant lines and bivariant PT equilibrium fields for various assemblages. However, the thermodynamic calculations must be interpreted with caution, as they are usually approximative due to the simplistic ways in which some solid solutions are treated in the thermodynamic database. For example, the thermodynamic database treats mica solid solution as a mixture of phengite, paragonite and celadonite, whereas margarite is considered a pure phase. However, we consider herein the margarite as a Ca end-member with very limited solubility in muscovite.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbonates are considered solid solutions between calcite and dolomite by the Holland and Powell (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) database, and they are marked with the same abbreviation (CCDO) in the resulting diagrams, even if the carbonate is calcite-rich or dolomite-rich. The composition of carbonates is calculated by Theriak-Domino software (de Capitani and Petrakakis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), and they are calcite-rich in calcitic marbles and dolomite-rich in dolomitic marbles, and marked accordingly in the explanation of the figures. The Fe end-member (siderite) and Ca-Fe-end member (ankerite) of carbonate solid solution are treated by Holland and Powell (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) database as pure phases, even though it is obvious that siderite or/and ankerite cannot be present as pure phases in equilibrium with calcitic and/or dolomitic carbonates. We consider herein siderite and ankerite as very limited end-members of the carbonate, as the concentration of FeO in the carbonates from Făgăraş marbles is very low. Keeping in mind these approximations, we must understand the calculated results as a mere approximative prediction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe ran several Theriak-Domino calculations and constructed Pressure-Temperature (PT) pseudosections and Temperature-Composition (T-X) diagrams (de Capitani and Brown \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e) for both calcitic and dolomitic marbles, respectively (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan refid=\"Fig10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan refid=\"Fig11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, S2\u0026amp;S4). The thermodynamic database of Holland and Powell (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e) was employed. The calculations take into consideration the Margules parameters for ordered and disordered calcite, dolomite, and phengite marked by (1) and (2) in front of the appropriate abbreviations (see list of abbreviations in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, supplementary text Figs S2\u0026amp;S4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe PT pseudosections were completed with a PT field constrained by two extremes of continental geothermal gradients: 22\u0026ordm;C cold geothermal gradient, typical for orogenic belts during a collision, and 30\u0026ordm;C geothermal gradient, characteristic for the continental crust with late-orogenic igneous activity. We consider that the realistic thermal gradient during the metamorphism of the studied rocks should fit in between these two extremes. Therefore, the intersection of calculated bivariant fields of stable assemblages with continental thermal gradient field can better constrain the PT shape of realistic assemblages in the Făgăraş marbles (see Discussion).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presence of hydrated phases such as mica (phengitic muscovite or phlogopite), as well as the presence of high fluorine concentrations in both mica and apatite indicate that H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO was a present volatile phase during the metamorphism of the marbles. To constrain the PT assemblages as a function of variable volatile composition, the T-X diagrams were calculated for a bulk composition of the PN-4 and VBL-1 marble samples with a range of X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e) ratio between 0 and 0.35 and 0.5, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Mineralogy\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on the proportion of carbonate minerals vs. quartz and silicates, we differentiated four petrographic types of marbles in our samples: a) (pure) dolomitic marbles; b) impure dolomitic marbles; c) (pure) calcitic marbles; and d) impure calcitic marbles. Dolomitic marbles are dominant in the entire ridge crest area, with a differentiation between pure and impure in the B\u0026acirc;lea and Capra areas, respectively, whereas at Piscu Negru both types were identified. Calcitic marbles, either pure or impure, are typically found as a thin bands comprised within dolomitic marbles in the Lespezi area, and a more consistent pile in the Mușeteica Mount, here comprised between dolomitic marbles and amphibolite schists. A more detailed description of these samples is provided below.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe marbles outcropping at Piscu Negru consist of alternating calcite and dolomite bands (MPN-1, MPN-2, MPN-3, PND-1, PND-2, PN-4, IS-1, IS-2, and CP-1). Optical analysis shows that both types contain varying amounts of polygranular quartz aggregates and occasional muscovite, with quartz displaying undulose extinction and recrystallization. Inclusions within dolomite and quartz contain opaque minerals and possibly apatite, zircon, or titanite (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003ea-h). Dolomite grains in some samples, especially those from the Lespezi (West) and Mușeteica (East) areas, are rich in fluid inclusions. Fluorine-rich muscovite was also identified, with up to 1.8 wt.% MgO (M5-3, M1-2, BL-1).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDolomite bands are composed of fine grains with rare larger, zoned grains. In some samples, \u0026quot;exsolution-like\u0026quot; lamellae are visible, with brighter lamellae containing more Fe and traces of Ba (Fig. S2). Quartz and fluorapatite grains are present within dolomite, along with interstitial calcite. Muscovite aligns with carbonate banding and is more common in dolomite layers, determining foliation of marbles (samples IS-1 and IS-2). At calcite-dolomite contacts, dolomite grains are included in calcite. Fe-oxides, mainly hematite, are frequent throughout the layers, with high-contrast BSE images revealing Fe-depleted rims on dolomite grains.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCalcite marbles containing relict dolomite are dominant in Mount Mușeteica. M3R2-1 has a coarse-grained, interlocking matrix with dispersed dolomite crystals, anhedral quartz inclusions and rare muscovite flakes (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003ea). In M5-3, taken from mixed calcitic-dolomitic marbles adjoining a greenschist band, dolomite and silicate mineral inclusions are more abundant (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eb-c). In the vicinity of actinolite schists, retrogressed from amphibolites, calcite marbles show transition towards more Fe- and silicate-rich bands. M1-2 contains dispersed grains of quartz, muscovite and frequent small anhedral fluorapatite grains (Figs. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003ed\u0026amp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Quartz-muscovite-albite-phlogopite aggregates and ferroan calcite are present in some marbles (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003ef).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe marbles in the Capra area are fine-grained dolomites with rare calcite, quartz inclusions and higher FeO content (FCp-4). A talc-zeolite-rich band is also present between gneiss and dolomitic marbles in the Fundul Caprei area. Sample FCp-5 displays relict euhedral dolomite grains surrounded by finely grained dolomite and talc megacrystals. Talc also occurs as veinlets and dispersed crystals within the dolomitic marbles at 2000 Peak and B\u0026acirc;lea Lake (CT-2 and BL-1). Isolated Fe-oxide (hematite) grains partially transformed to pyrite on the rim float in the dolomite matrix of CT-2 (2000 Peak marbles). In the marbles from Capra Lake (CPR-2), dolomitic rocks contain veins of late magnesian calcite and talc, with late euhedral pyrite grains (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAt B\u0026acirc;lea Lake, dolomitic marbles contain small grains of fluorapatite, Ba-rich muscovite, and pyrite, with widespread transformation of pyrite into oxides. In sample BL-1, Ba-rich muscovite and fluorapatite crystals are associated with and have the same orientation as the quartz-rich bands, which are also parallel with the main banding/foliation of the rocks (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003ee). Cerussite (PbCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) was identified in this sample, as well as rutile associated with partially chloritized Ba-rich mica. These marbles also contain talc veins associated with rare calcite grains (BL-3). The northernmost marble bands from B\u0026acirc;lea Valley (VBL-1) are dolomitic, with rare clinochlore relics and trails of small graphite inclusions. Rare cavities with KCl crystals were identified in this band (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003ef).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Calcite\u0026ndash;dolomite solvus thermometry\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHerein we use the calibration solvus by the curve of Anovitz and Essene (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e). Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003ea\u0026amp;b illustrates the two sides of the solvus (towards calcite and dolomite end-members, respectively). Based on the best fit logarithmic curve for our EPMA data, an equation was deduced for each side of the curve, from which temperature can be estimated based on X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e content in calcite and dolomite, respectively. The equations that we propose for temperature estimation in marbles are based on XMgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in calcite and dolomite, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor calcitic marbles (T is the temperature in Celsius degrees):\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;192.67 ln (X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003ecalcite\u003c/sub\u003e + 992.77 (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor dolomitic marbles:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5357.6\u0026ndash;5001.1 (X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003edolomite\u003c/sub\u003e (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003ea\u0026amp;b) indicate disequilibrium between co-existing calcite and dolomite, except for sample PN-4, which shows a temperature of ~\u0026thinsp;410\u0026deg;C, within the error of both calcite and dolomite. Temperature estimates on calcite are much lower than those obtained from co-existing dolomite, fitting the textural observation of secondary calcite. We notice that the error of temperature estimations is generally higher in dolomite, probably because dolomite in most cases is a (non-stoichiometric) calcitic dolomite.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSolvus temperatures (˚C) of marbles in the Făgăraş Mountains\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePetrography\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003edolomite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eError T\u003csub\u003edol\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003ecalcite\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eError T\u003csub\u003ecal\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMPN-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e462\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePND-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e457\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePN-4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpure calcitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIS-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e482\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCP-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMPN-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e517\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM3R2-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure calcitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e330\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM1-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpure calcitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCPR-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVBL-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e617\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e441\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBL-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e557\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCT-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePure dolomitic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe temperatures recorded by dolomite and calcite are highest (572\u0026deg;C and 617\u0026deg;C \u0026ndash; dolomite; 416\u0026deg;C and 441\u0026deg;C \u0026ndash; calcite) in samples CPR-1 and VBL-1, respectively. The lowest temperature recorded by dolomite (417\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;35\u0026deg;C) in sample PN-4, matches, within the error, the temperature recorded by calcite. The lowest temperature estimations in calcite are below 200\u0026deg;C (196\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;49\u0026deg;C and 105\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u0026deg;C for samples PND-1 and CP-1, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e4.3 P-T, T-X and P-X pseudosections\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe compositions selected for calculations were: PN-4 (impure calcitic marble), as both calcite and co-existing dolomite showed similar solvus temperatures, suggesting equilibrium between carbonates, and VBL-1 (impure dolomitic marble), as it showed the highest temperatures recorded in both calcite and co-existing dolomite.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe T-X diagram for impure calcitic marble PN-4 (SupplFig. S2) was calculated for P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4 GPa and shows a sharp transition between horizontal fields (carbonate-bearing assemblages) and vertical fields (no carbonate minerals). This transition is given by the total consumption of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e in mineral reaction (no free CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e). At ratios of X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.5, the reactions are strongly influenced by the presence of free CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, and the assemblages are strictly controlled by temperature, whereas at ratios X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.5, the reactions are drastically controlled by the volatile ratio for large temperature intervals. The P-X diagram was calculated for a temperature of 410\u0026deg;C and it also shows the same transition between horizontal and vertical fields, but the transition appears at much lower X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e) ratios, of ~\u0026thinsp;0.3 (SupplFig. S3). We notice that the calcite-mica-quartz-H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO-CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e field in the T-X and P-X diagrams appears at a lower X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e) ratio, only (horizontal fields). By intersecting the corresponding fields of the same assemblage in both T-X and P-X diagrams, we obtain a PT field and a X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e) ratio characteristic for the equilibration conditions of the PN-4 impure calcitic marble; T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;390\u0026ndash;500\u0026deg;C, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.24\u0026ndash;0.55 GPa, X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0\u0026ndash;0.3.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe PT field which would correspond to the observed mineral assemblage in the calcitic marbles PN-4 is calcite-mica-quartz-H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO-CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e), and this field is delimited by the univariant lines marking the appearance of pyrophyllite towards lower temperature, the appearance of feldspar at lower temperatures, and the appearance of kyanite at higher pressure. By the intersection of this field with the continental geothermal field, the PT range in which this assemblage is stable is 0.25\u0026ndash;0.5 GPa and ~\u0026thinsp;350\u0026ndash;500\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe PT pseudosection (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e) shows the observed assemblages in sample VBL-1 (dolomite-chlorite-quartz and dolomite-chlorite-talc-quartz, respectively) as two narrow neighbor PT bands, with the talc assemblage situated at a little higher temperature and pressures exclusively smaller than 0.5 GPa. The thermal limit between ordered and disordered dolomite is situated at ~\u0026thinsp;460\u0026deg;C within the limits of the dolomite-chlorite-quartz assemblage. By intersecting the above-mentioned assemblages with the continental geothermal gradient field, we obtain a possible interval of equilibration defined by the range T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;375\u0026ndash;575\u0026deg;C and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.375\u0026ndash;0.7 GPa. The arrows 1 and 2 show possible PT evolution paths of dolomitic marbles and will be discussed later in the text.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results from T-X (calculated for P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4 GPa) and P-X (calculated for T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;450\u0026deg;C) diagrams (SupplFigs S4 and S5, respectively) better constrain the interval T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;395\u0026ndash;475\u0026deg;C and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3\u0026ndash;0.55 GPa for the mineral assemblages observed in sample VBL-1. The sharp transition between the mineral assemblages containing free CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (horizontal fields) and those CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-free (vertical fields) shows that for both T-X and P-X diagrams, the observed assemblages in sample VBL-1 can form at X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e/(X\u003csub\u003eH2O\u003c/sub\u003e+X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.375.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.1 Mineralogy of metamorphosed carbonates\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.1.1 Origin of mineral assemblages\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWan et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) experimentally showed that dolomite reacts with a silica-rich fluid to form talc, calcite, and CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (reaction 4) at \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;200\u0026deg;C and low \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. The reaction rate increases with increasing temperature and decreases with rising \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. Therefore, high temperatures and the presence of a conduit to release CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e will promote the formation of talc. If the releasing of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e is not possible, the CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e production decreases H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO activity and hence, the reaction ceases, and the amount of talc formed remains low.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3CaMg (CO) + 4SiO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;HO \u0026rarr; Mg (SiO)(OH) + 3CaCO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;3CO (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn important observation regarding this reaction is that SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e is dissolved in a fluid, and it is not a quartz. This is the reason why we do not observe the widespread formation of talc at the contact between quartz included in dolomite and the dolomite host. However, the digesting of quartz in our samples is obvious, and this has probably to do with temperature higher than 200\u0026deg;C and/or more alkaline \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003eH of the solutions, controlled by the dissolution of SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e concomitantly with the deposition of secondary calcite. This observation suggests that the replacement of dolomite\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;quartz by calcite developed mostly outside of the talc stability field. Low-temperature conditions for talc formation, together with the observations that talc was identified to be associated with calcite along veinlets cross-cutting the foliation/banding suggest that this talc associated with calcite formed late, related to rather brittle conditions, and precipitated from a hydrothermal fluid. The presence of late calcite veins is associated with other mineral phases that are typical for hydrothermal processes: Ba-F-rich muscovite, F-rich phlogopite, fluorapatite, secondary quartz, and pyrite.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe presence of talc-clinochlore schists at the contact between some dolomites and silicate country rocks (e.g., sample FCp-5) and not inside the marble bands suggests that the fluids that resulted from dehydration during retromorphism were expelled from the silicate schists to the contact between marbles and schists. This strongly indicates that talc-clinochlore schists formed by a syn-metamorphic reaction between the silicate and carbonatic bands along the contact between them. By late cooling and fluid percolation, late zeolites filled in some cavities and microfractures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne question emerges: are all the pure calcitic marbles secondary, or not? The largest body of marble in Făgăraș Mts is represented by calcitic marbles (Mușeteica area). In most cases, pure calcitic marbles show REE patterns like pure dolomitic marbles, suggesting that we could consider the large Mușeteica calcitic marble band as a primary carbonate rock. However, a closer look disproves this interpretation. The Mușeteica Mt calcitic marbles (samples M3R2-1 and M5-3) contain ellipsoidal and elongated dolomitic bands. These dolomites appear to be relict inside the calcitic body. Within the calcitic body, relics of anhedral and digested dolomite grains are also relatively common. Quartz relics, as well as subhedral or euhedral fluorapatite, and small F-rich muscovite flakes floating within the calcitic marble, suggest that the calcitic marbles are secondary and not primary mineral assemblages. Within the large calcitic marble thin quartz bands parallel to the banding/foliation are present, where quartz is partially digested by calcite. In one such quartz grains a zircon inclusion was identified, suggesting once more the relict character of quartz with respect to crystallization of calcite. Therefore, the presence of relict and digested dolomite and quartz grains in calcitic mass, which is associated with other typical hydrothermal phases shows that all calcitic marbles in Făgăraș Mts are secondary rocks, resulted by metasomatically replacement of dolomite through a hydrothermal F-rich fluid. Pure and impure calcitic bands seem to be intimately associated (e.g., samples M1-2 and M1-4; M3R2-1, M3R2-2 and M5-3 in Mușeteica site, as well as the samples from Piscu Negru site). Moreover, the occurrence of calcitic marbles appears to be restricted to the southernmost area, in the base of the studied rock pile, close to the presumed tectonic contact between Cp and Fg groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.1.2 Textural relationships\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTexturally, the studied marbles show disequilibrium between calcite and dolomite. The secondary character of calcite is clear in almost all samples (calcite digesting dolomite, veins of calcite cross-cutting dolomite grains), except for sample PN-4 (impure calcitic marble) which, except rare secondary calcite veins, is made of a fine-grained mosaic \u0026ldquo;tiling\u0026rdquo; of calcite grains spotted with rare dolomite grains and rare quartz, where calcite and dolomite show textural thermal re-equilibration (granoblastic texture). Quartz does not show any reaction with carbonates.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh contrast BSE imaging shows exsolution-like lamellae with almost no chemical difference between darker and lighter lamellae (SupplFig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e). Very probably, the observed exsolution-like lamellae do not represent compositional unmixing but phase-antiphase (order-disorder) domains, or polysynthetic twinning of dolomite. For a more detailed discussion on these domains see Suppl. Text in the electronic appendix (\u0026ldquo;Exsolution lamellae and non-stoichiometric carbonates\u0026rdquo;).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe formation of talc can occur at temperatures above 200\u0026deg;C. The PT stability field of talc is drastically controlled by the composition of the system and by the concentration of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. In ultrabasic systems, talc can be stable up to 700\u0026ndash;750\u0026deg;C in the presence of forsterite (at P between 0.1 to 1\u0026ndash;1.5 GPa) and with enstatite at P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1.5 GPa. In talc-schists, characterized by the assemblage talc-phengite-kyanite-pyrope-quartz/coesite, talc can be stable up to ~\u0026thinsp;700\u0026deg;C and P as high as 4.0 GPa (Massonne and Schreyer \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1989\u003c/span\u003e). If talc is associated with tremolite/actinolite and quartz (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;chlorite and albite), the thermal stability field should be higher than 200\u0026deg;C, but cannot surpass the condition of greenschists facies conditions (T\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;550\u0026deg;C).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample FCp-5 from Fundu Caprei site shows cca 0.5 m thick talc-clinochlore-zeolite schist at the contacts between gneisses and dolomitic marble bands. At temperatures below 630\u0026deg;C, talc (or/and other OH-bearing silicates) in equilibrium with carbonate form at H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) ratio below 0.375 in impure dolomite marbles (sample VBL-1, Fig. S4). Carbonate breaks down at ratios higher than 0.375 to form lime (CaO) and CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. In calcitic marbles, the same OH-silicates form in equilibrium with carbonate at H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) below 0.47 (sample PN-4, Fig. S2). This shows that with increasing X\u003csub\u003eCO2\u003c/sub\u003e, the activity of H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO is continuously decreasing, and the modal proportion of talc (and other OH-minerals) is continuously diminishing until it disappears from the assemblage. We suggest this is the reason why talc and chlorite cannot develop as reactions between a dolomite host and silicate inclusions. Therefore, the formation of talc is restricted to specific PTX and H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/(H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) conditions, and to Path 2 in the PT diagram (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e), the only path to cross the stability field of talc\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.2 A possible PT path evolution of the Făgăraș marbles\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorroborating our thermobarometry data of the calculated solvus temperatures in calcite and dolomite and the results from PT pseudosections and T\u0026ndash;X and P\u0026ndash;X diagrams for impure calcitic and dolomitic marbles, we can constrain both the most probable equilibration PT conditions for the observed mineral assemblages, and to discuss possible PT paths of the metamorphic evolution of Făgăraş marbles.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe alternating and neighbor calcitic and dolomitic marbles, with no significant deformation planes in between them clearly indicate that they all experienced together the same metamorphic conditions. Intersecting the PT fields found for the observed assemblages in impure calcitic and dolomitic marbles, respectively, we can more realistically constrain a PT field in which the observed rocks last equilibrated, which is T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;435\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;40\u0026deg;C and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12 GPa. These values are estimations for a thermal gradient of ~\u0026thinsp;25\u0026ndash;26\u0026deg;C/km (an average value of the two extreme continental thermal gradients considered in our estimations), while the upper and lower values considering the errors are valid for hotter and colder thermal gradients, respectively. The estimated conditions reflect greenschist facies conditions. However, the solvus temperature calculations identified high temperatures in some dolomitic marbles (572\u0026deg; and 617\u0026deg;C), suggesting relict amphibolite facies conditions recorded by these rocks. On the other hand, some calcitic marbles recorded solvus temperatures as low as 195\u0026ordm; and even 105\u0026deg;C, suggesting a clear hydrothermal evolution of these rocks. Plotting the solvus temperatures in a complete T\u0026ndash;X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e diagram of Anovitz and Essene (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e) it is obvious that the studied marbles recorded thermal conditions which spanned from (relict) amphibolite facies, to greenschist and sub-greenschist facies, and (late) hydrothermal conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsidering the areal distribution of the samples, we notice from the solvus diagram that the dolomitic marbles from B\u0026acirc;lea Lake (north of the studied area) record the highest temperatures in both dolomite and calcite. The calcitic marbles, mostly present in the South of the area record the lowest temperatures, supporting the textural observations, that they are late recrystallized calcite, characteristic for greenschist and sub-greenschist facies conditions. The late mobilization and reprecipitation or re-equilibration of calcite creates a significant disequilibrium between the carbonates in Făgăraş marbles. Dolomite appears not to change its composition (X\u003csub\u003eMgCO3\u003c/sub\u003e) at temperatures below 400\u0026deg;C. At these low temperatures, calcite is the carbonate which changes its composition from magnesian calcite to pure calcite with decreasing temperature. The only sample showing textural equilibrium between calcite and dolomite, which also recorded similar solvus temperatures by both calcite and co-existing dolomite, is the impure calcitic marble PN-4 from Piscu Negru.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe occurrence of talc in the presence of dolomite, chlorite and quartz constrains the pressure to values below 0.5 GPa. However, talc presence in this assemblage also implies equilibrium temperatures higher than the temperatures required for the equilibrium of dolomite-chlorite-quartz (+\u0026thinsp;H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe PT path evolution is intuitive from textures, mineral compositions and thermobarometrical results. The relict aspect of dolomite (digested by late Mg-calcite), higher temperature recorded by relict dolomite, together with late veins of Mg-poor calcite constrain the metamorphic evolution to be retrograde, from amphibolite to greenschists and sub-greenschists facies conditions. Very probably, the calcitic marbles represent metamorphic segregations from more complex dolomitic marbles, a process realized during the amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. Late, post-deformational veinlets of calcite prove that pre-existing calcite was dissolved and reprecipitated during late percolation of hydrothermal fluids. Through the arrows 1 and 2 in the pseudosection for impure dolomitic marble (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e) we suggest two possible ways in which the marbles could have evolved during the retrograde evolution. Arrow 1 suggests a retrograde evolution along the continental geothermal gradient, produced during coupled uplift and erosion, where the only transformation is of the ordering of carbonate. Arrow 2 represents tectonic uplift, which produced an almost adiabatic decompression, taking the marbles towards the talc-bearing assemblage, from where the rock pile stopped uplift and suffered an isobaric thermal relaxation towards the local thermal gradient.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe marbles recording the highest temperatures are present in the North of the studied area, while the identified greenschist and sub-greenschist facies temperatures seem to indicate a decrease of temperatures from North to South. The temperatures characteristic for hydrothermal activity recorded by calcite are mostly pervasive in marbles from the South of the studied area. However, very probably, the hydrothermal effect is present in all marbles in the studied area, but in a more reduced and localized manner, while in the South, the hydrothermal effect is major, and also associates with the presence of more developed secondary calcitic marble bands. It is interesting to mention here that in the South the calcitic marbles represent the top of the Fg Group, and the marker of the boundary between the Fg and Cp groups. Geometrically, the Cp Group finds itself (in reference to the foliation planes) above the top of the Fg Group. If this contact is tectonic or not it is still a matter of controversy to date. However, it is interesting to observe herein that the intensity of the hydrothermal circulation/precipitation is localized in the Fg Group just near the contact between the two groups. This observation strongly supports the interpretation (also obvious from the geometrical positions of the two groups) that Cp Group overthrusted the Fg Group along a tectonic plane, which later controlled the circulation of hydrothermal fluids, and was also re-worked by brittle tectonics during the Alpine orogeny.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe presence of relict dolomite at B\u0026acirc;lea Lake, which records a metamorphic temperature of approximately 620\u0026deg;C, confirms that the original mineral assemblages in the marbles formed at temperatures higher than greenschist-facies conditions. This clearly indicates a polymetamorphic evolution. Additional evidence for this comes from the presence of relict mica and apatite, as well as late-stage calcite and talc textures in the marbles. The low PT metamorphic conditions of the Făgăraș Unit (as shown in Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e), stand in contrast to the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions reported for the neighboring Cumpăna and Sebeș units. The Cumpăna Unit contains eclogites, for which Medaris et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e) estimated peak metamorphic conditions of 700\u0026ndash;800\u0026deg;C and 2.0\u0026ndash;2.5 GPa. The Sebeș Unit, characterized by garnet (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;staurolite\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;kyanite) micaschists, is also considered a high-pressure unit similar to Cumpăna (Iancu and Seghedi \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), though without definitive evidence of pressures exceeding 1.0\u0026ndash;1.2 GPa. Both units exhibit only limited retrogression to greenschist-facies conditions. In contrast, the polymetamorphic Făgăraș Unit differs from the low-temperature units of the Călușu\u0026ndash;Lerești Unit (Leaota Mts), which was metamorphosed under greenschist- to epidote-amphibolite-facies conditions and does not exhibit signs of polymetamorphism. During Middle to Late-Alpine orogeny, the Cumpăna\u0026ndash;Sebeș\u0026ndash;Făgăraș pre-Alpine tectonic stacking were altogether thrusted over Leaota units along the Supragetic Nappe, so that Cp3 Unit overthrusted Lerești Unit. The Alpine orogeny was mostly brittle in the Făgăraș and Leaota Mts, suggesting that the thrusting were relatively shallow, without producing a penetrative metamorphism. During Late Alpine orogeny, some reverse faults (quasi parallel to the orogenic axis) reactivated or affected older tectonic joints.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Făgăraș Unit likely represents carbonate and volcano-sedimentary deposits formed in a back-arc setting related to a peri-Gondwanan microcontinent. During the Variscan orogeny, this microcontinent drifted away from Gondwana and, in the late Variscan period (as suggested by Ar-Ar mica ages; Dalmeyer et al. 1998), was uplifted and tectonically juxtaposed between slices of the Sebeș Unit, along shear zones. Around the same late Variscan time (Axente et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), the Lerești\u0026ndash;Călușu Unit\u0026mdash;likely also derived from a peri-Gondwanan back-arc basin (Balintoni et al. \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010a\u003c/span\u003e)\u0026mdash;was obducted and metamorphosed under greenschist- to epidote-amphibolite-facies conditions. It was obducted together with fragments of high PT conditions (Voinești Unit, similar to Cumpăna Unit, containing eclogites) that mostly escape the low PT metamorphism. Unlike the Făgăraș Unit, the Lerești\u0026ndash;Călușu Unit contains no marbles and shows no evidence of polymetamorphism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eOptical microscopy and ion microprobe analysis of marbles in the Făgăraș Mountains confirm the presence of two dominant carbonate minerals: calcite and dolomite. Further, a detailed microscopic examination allowed distinction between pure and impure marbles (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;95% and \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;95% carbonate, respectively). The calcitic marbles show relict dolomitic bands and quartz inclusions, indicating that they are secondary, formed by metasomatic replacement of dolomite by a hydrothermal F-rich fluid. Calcite-dolomite solvus thermometry indicates that the studied marbles experienced a range of thermal conditions, from relict amphibolite facies (572\u0026deg;\u0026ndash;617\u0026deg;C) to greenschist and sub-greenschist facies (~\u0026thinsp;435\u0026deg;C), followed by late-stage hydrothermal activity (as low as 195\u0026deg; to 105\u0026deg;C).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpure calcitic marbles show stable mineral assemblages (calcite-mica-quartz-H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO-CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) at pressures of 0.25\u0026ndash;0.5 GPa and temperatures of 350\u0026ndash;500\u0026deg;C. The presence of free CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e or water strongly influenced reactions, depending on the volatile ratios. The impure marbles (VBL-1) showed dolomite-chlorite-quartz and dolomite-chlorite-talc-quartz assemblages, stable at 375\u0026ndash;575\u0026deg;C and 0.375\u0026ndash;0.6 GPa, with a sharp transition between CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-bearing and CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-free assemblages. Corroborating the solvus thermometry and the pseudosections for calcitic and dolomitic marbles we show that these rocks equilibrated at around 435\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;40\u0026deg;C and 0.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12 GPa, indicating greenschist facies conditions. However, some dolomitic marbles show relict amphibolite facies conditions (~\u0026thinsp;575\u0026deg;C and 0.5\u0026ndash;0.6 GPa), while calcitic marbles reveal a hydrothermal evolution at lower temperatures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe marbles in the Făgăraș area display a temperature gradient, with higher temperatures in the north (up to 617\u0026deg;C) and lower temperatures in the south, where late hydrothermal activity and secondary calcitic bands are present. Dolomite remains stable at lower temperatures, while calcite changes, leading to disequilibrium between the carbonates. The textures and mineral assemblages in marbles indicate a retrograde metamorphic path from amphibolite to greenschist facies, with the presence of talc suggesting equilibrium at pressures below 0.5 GPa. This makes marbles valuable petrological contributors to the knowledge of the metamorphic evolution of a unit, as well as other traditionally used petrographic types.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe formation of talc-clinochlore schists at the contact between dolomites and silicate rocks suggests fluid interactions during metamorphism. These reactions occurred at the contact between silicate and carbonate bands, forming schists. Talc formation is restricted to particular pressure\u0026ndash;temperature\u0026ndash;composition (PTX) and water/CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e conditions. The presence of talc along veinlets, associated with calcite and other hydrothermal minerals, indicates a late-stage hydrothermal process. Cooling and fluid flow later resulted in zeolites filling fractures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrothermal fluid circulation was likely controlled by tectonic processes, with the southern marbles showing more intense hydrothermal effects near the boundary between the Făgăraș and Sebeș groups, suggesting that the latter may have overthrust the Făgăraș Group along a tectonic plane, reworked during the Alpine orogeny.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Făgăraș Group exhibits a polymetamorphic evolution, evidenced by relict dolomite with equilibration temperature of ~\u0026thinsp;620\u0026deg;C, various relics (plagioclase, zircon, rutile), oriented inclusions of mica and apatite, and texturally late calcite, and talc. The marble mineral assemblages provide low PT conditions (greenschist facies). In contrast, the neighboring Cumpăna and Sebeș groups experienced high-pressure, high-temperature conditions, while both showed limited retrogression. Unlike the polymetamorphic Făgăraș Group containing frequent marbles, the Lerești\u0026ndash;Călușu Group shows no signs of polymetamorphism and contains no marbles.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Făgăraș Group likely represents carbonate and volcano-sedimentary deposits from a peri-Gondwanan microcontinent, which drifted away from Gondwana during the Variscan orogeny and was tectonically juxtaposed and sanwhiched between two slices of the Sebeș Group, and all juxtaposed to the Cumpăna Group in late Variscan. The resulted stacking pile (Cumpăna\u0026ndash;Sebeș\u0026ndash;Făgăraș groups) were tectonically thrusted over Lerești\u0026ndash;Călușu Group during Middle to late Alpine Orogeny along the Supragetic Nappe. This thrusting was mostly brittle, suggesting that the thrusting was relatively shallow, without producing a penetrative metamorphism.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research was financially supported by a Young Researchers grant from the Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), project no. YR 13055/2017 (to MLT), and grants of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (CNCS\u0026ndash;UEFISCDI), project numbers PCE 197/2016 (CARPATHEMS); MC 480/2019 to MLT; and PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0901 (DEVOBAS) to RRD.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eG.C. and M.L.T. designed the research and wrote the main manuscript text. M.L.T. prepared the figures. M.L.T. and R.R.D. secured funding for this study. M.L.T. and I.C.M performed the fieldwork. All authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors are grateful to P. Luffi for constructive critical discussions on the thermobarometry section and to V. Iancu for providing improvements on the regional geology framework. A. Pantia performed X-ray diffraction of one marble sample at the Geological Institute of Romania.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData are available through \u0026rdquo;Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Făgăraș marbles (Southern Carpathians, Romania)\u0026rdquo; repository at https://data.mendeley.com/preview/f9cdtgfbd8?a=8c5c7d32-8a2e-4ee0-87d1-0423ef717cd1.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnders E, Ebihara, M (1982) Solar-system abundances of the elements. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:2363\u0026ndash;2380. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90208-3\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnovitz LM, Essene EJ (1987) Phase equilibria in the system CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-MgCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-FeCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. J Petrol 28:389\u0026ndash;415. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/28.2.389\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAxente V, Maluski H, Iancu V (2008) \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003eAr geochronology of the eastern part of the South Carpathians: evidence for preAalpine tectonothermal history. Rev Roum G\u0026eacute;ologie 48\u0026ndash;49:3\u0026ndash;27\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalintoni I (1997) Geotectonics of the Romanian metamorphic terranes. Carpatica Press, Cluj-Napoca\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalintoni I, Balica C (2013) Avalonian, Ganderian and East Cadomian terranes in South Carpathians, Romania, and Pan-African events recorded in their basement. Miner Petrol 107:709\u0026ndash;725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-012-0206-x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalintoni I, Hann H-P, Gheuca I, Nedelcu L, Conovici M, Dumitrașcu G, Gridan T (1986) Considerations on a preliminary structural model of the South Carpathians crystalline East of the Olt River. DS Inst Geol Geofiz 70\u0026ndash;71:23\u0026ndash;44\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalintoni I, Balica C, Ducea MN, Chen F, Hann HP, Şabliovschi V (2009) Late Cambrian\u0026ndash;Early Ordovician Gondwanan terranes in the Romanian Carpathians: A zircon U\u0026ndash;Pb provenance study. Gondwana Res 16:119\u0026ndash;133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.01.007\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBalintoni I, Balica C, Ducea MN, Hann HP, Şabliovschi V (2010a) The anatomy of a Gondwanan terrane: The Neoproterozoic\u0026ndash;Ordovician basement of the pre-Alpine Sebeş\u0026ndash;Lotru composite terrane (South Carpathians, Romania). 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Mineral Petrol 63:173\u0026ndash;198. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01164150 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIancu V, Berza T, Balintoni I, Mărunțiu M, Seghedi A, Hann HP, Gheuca I, Dinica I (2003) The South Carpathians: Variscan and Pan-African inheritance. The 4\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Stephan Mueller Conference of the European Geosciences Union. Geodynamic and Tectonic Evolution of the Carpathian Arc and Its Foreland: Environmental Tectonics and Continental Topography. Retezat Mountains, Southern Carpathians, Romania. pp 73\u0026ndash;75\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIancu V, Berza T, Seghedi A, Gheuca I, Hann H-P (2005a) Alpine polyphase tectono-metamorphic evolution of the South Carpathians: A new overview. 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An Com Geol Geofiz LVII:229\u0026ndash;296.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKr\u0026auml;utner HG (1993) Pre-Alpine evolution in the Southern Carpathians and adjacent areas. Geol Carpath 44:203\u0026ndash;212\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetargo CMR, Lamb WM, Park J-S (1995) Comparison of calcite + dolomite thermometry and carbonate + silicate equilibria; constraints on the conditions of metamorphism of the Llano Uplift, central Texas, USA. Am Mineral 80:131\u0026ndash;143. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-1995-1-213 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi\u0026eacute;geois JP, Berza T, Tatu M, Duchesne JC (1996) The Neoproterozoic Pan-African basement from the Alpine Lower Danubian nappe system (South Carpathians, Romania). Precambrian Res 80:281\u0026ndash;301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9268(96)00019-8\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMassonne HJ, Schreyer W (1989) Stability field of the high-pressure assemblage, talc + phengite and two new phengite barometers. Eur J Mineral 1:391\u0026ndash;410. https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/1/3/0391\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMărunțiu M (1987) Complex geological study of ultrabasic rocks from South Carpathians, Romania. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bucharest (in Romanian).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMărunțiu M, Seghedi A (1983) New data concerning the metamorphic rocks and metamorphic processes in the Eastern Almăj Mountains. Rev Roum G\u0026eacute;ol G\u0026eacute;ophys G\u0026eacute;ogr (G\u0026eacute;ol) 27:29\u0026ndash;37.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMedaris G, Ducea M, Ghent E, Iancu V (2003) Conditions and timing of high-pressure Variscan metamorphism in the South Carpathians, Romania. Lithos 70:141\u0026ndash;161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(03)00096-3\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMizuochi H, Satish-Kumar M, Motoyoshi Y, Michibayashi K (2010) Exsolution of dolomite and application of calcite\u0026ndash;dolomite solvus geothermometry in high-grade marbles: an example from Skallevikshalsen, East Antarctica. J Metamorph Geol 28:509\u0026ndash;526. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00877.x\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNance RD, Murphy JB, Strachan RA, Keppie JD, Guti\u0026eacute;rrez-Alonso G, Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Su\u0026aacute;rez J, Quesada C, Linnemann U, D\u0026rsquo;lemos R, Pisarevsky SA (2008) Neoproterozoic-early Palaeozoic tectonostratigraphy and palaeogeography of the peri-Gondwanan terranes: Amazonian v. West African connections. 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Geol Carpath 53:177\u0026ndash;180\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReiser MK, Schuster R, Tropper P, F\u0026uuml;genschuh B (2017) Constraints on the depositional age and tectonometamorphic evolution of marbles from the Biharia Nappe System (Apuseni Mountains, Romania). Geologica Carpathica 68:147\u0026ndash;166. https://doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0012\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoban R-D, Luffi PI, Ducea MN, Lazăr I, Costin G, Munteanu I, Barbu V, Ene V-V, Melinte-Dobrinescu MC (2024) Deciphering the early-stage evolution of relict marine basins: the case of the Ceahlău-Severin Ocean of the Romanian Carpathians. IAS 2024, Aberdeen, Ireland (abstract). \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoeder DG (2012) Convergent margins and orogenic belts. In: Roeder DG, Bally AW (eds) Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis, pp 112\u0026ndash;177. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53042-4.00006-6\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRosenberg PE (1963) Subsolidus relations in the system CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026ndash;FeCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. Am J Sci 261:683\u0026ndash;689\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRusso-Săndulescu D, Udrescu C, Stoian M (1996) Jurassic alkaline and subalkaline magmatites from the inner Danubian Domain: geochemistry and evolution. An Inst Geol Rom, Part I 69:150\u0026ndash;153\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSavu H (2012) Evolution of carbonate rocks during the regional metamorphism in South Carpathians and genesis of associated \u0026bdquo;reaction skarns\u0026rdquo;. Proc Rom Acad (Series B) 2:151\u0026ndash;155\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSavu H, Schuster AC (1971) Structura și petrologia șisturilor cristaline din regiunea Șinca Nouă-Holbav (Munții Făgăraș). DS Inst Geol Geofiz 57:89\u0026ndash;114\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSăndulescu M (1984) Geotectonics of Romania. Technical Press, Bucharest\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchmid SM, F\u0026uuml;genschuh B, Kounov A, Maţenco L, Nievergelt P, Oberh\u0026auml;nsli R, Pleuger J, Schefer S, Schuster R, Tomljenović B, Ustaszewski K, van Hinsbergen DJJ (2020) Tectonic units of the Alpine collision zone between Eastern Alps and western Turkey. Gondwana Res 78:308\u0026ndash;374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.005\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheppard SMF (1966) Carbon and oxygen isotope studies in marbles. PhD Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton (Ontario)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheppard SMF, Schwarcz HP (1970) Fractionation of carbon and oxygen isotopes and magnesium between coexisting metamorphic calcite and dolomite. Contrib Mineral Petrol 26:161\u0026ndash;198. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373200 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpear FS (1989) Petrologic determination of metamorphic pressure-temperature-time paths. In: Spear FS, Peacock SM (eds) Metamorphic Pressure‐Temperature‐Time Paths. American Geophysical Union, pp 1\u0026ndash;55. https://doi.org/10.1029/SC007p0001\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWan Y, Wang Xiaolin, Chou IM, Hu W, Zhang Y, Wang, Xiaoyu (2017) An experimental study of the formation of talc through CaMg(CO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026ndash;SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026ndash;H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO interaction at 100\u0026ndash;200\u0026deg;C and vapor-saturation pressures. Geofluids:3942826. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3942826\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"mineralogy-and-petrology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"mipe","sideBox":"Learn more about [Mineralogy and Petrology](http://link.springer.com/journal/710)","snPcode":"710","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/710/3","title":"Mineralogy and Petrology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"mineralogy, marbles, solvus thermometry, PT pseudosections, PT path, Făgăraș Mountains","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6115109/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6115109/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis thermobarometry study employs calcite-dolomite solvus thermometry and thermodynamic pseudosections applied to marbles in the Făgăraș Unit, the uppermost unit of the Variscan metamorphic basement of the Alpine Supragetic units, Central Southern Carpathians. The marbles exhibit extensive relict granoblastic dolomitic bands and quartz inclusions, indicating formation through the metasomatic replacement of dolomite by calcite, aided by a hydrothermal F-rich fluid. The data reveal a thermal history ranging from amphibolite facies (572\u0026deg;\u0026ndash;617\u0026deg;C) to greenschist and sub-greenschist facies (~\u0026thinsp;435\u0026deg;C) during polyphasic metamorphism, followed by late-stage hydrothermal activity (105\u0026deg;\u0026ndash;195\u0026deg;C). Mineral assemblages in the marbles suggest equilibration at 435\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;40\u0026deg;C and 0.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.12 GPa, with the CO₂/H₂O ratio influencing reactions. Talc formation indicates fluid interactions, while tectonic processes controlled hydrothermal fluid flow and pathways. This study quantitatively confirms and refines earlier P-T estimates regarding the metamorphic and hydrothermal evolution of the Făgăraș Unit. The results also reveal a distinct P-T history compared to other metamorphic units within the Alpine nappe stacking in the Făgăraș Mountains and support the interpretation of a complex nappe-stacking system composed of pre-Alpine units juxtaposed during the Variscan orogeny. These units were subsequently thrust during the Alpine orogeny over the Lerești-Călușu Unit, a low-grade metamorphic unit with no marbles and no evidence of polymetamorphism. The observed mineralogical composition, microtextures, and distinct P-T signatures of the dolomitic and calcitic marbles highlight their potential to preserve diagnostic geochemical and isotopic signals, offering valuable insights into the geologic evolution of the host petrologic assemblage.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mineralogy and thermobarometry of marbles unravel retrogression and hydrothermal imprint of a polymetamorphic terrane (Făgăraș Unit, Southern Carpathians, Romania)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-03 17:13:44","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6115109/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-03-06T12:40:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-06T12:37:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-02-28T08:38:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Mineralogy and Petrology","date":"2025-02-26T16:54:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"mineralogy-and-petrology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"mipe","sideBox":"Learn more about [Mineralogy and Petrology](http://link.springer.com/journal/710)","snPcode":"710","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/710/3","title":"Mineralogy and Petrology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0478fa2a-43ad-4bfe-9fcd-ed4feeb5c36a","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-20T17:23:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-03 17:13:44","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6115109","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6115109","identity":"rs-6115109","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}