Transient overvoltage analysis of photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid systems during lightning strikes

Transient overvoltage analysis of photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid systems during lightning strikes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Transient overvoltage analysis of photovoltaic-energy storage hybrid systems during lightning strikes Yingjie Zhang, Xiaolei Bi, Mengbai Ma, Xuan Liu, Hui Jiang, Yunlong Zhang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8866741/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper investigates the transient overvoltage caused by lightning in a photovoltaic (PV) - battery energy storage (BESS) hybrid system. A hybrid system model was established under the EMTP software environment. High-frequency models for components in the PV- BESS hybrid system, including PV cells, inverters, cables, transformers, energy storage batteries, PCS converters, and arresters, were established. Two types of overvoltages caused by lightning strikes on the PV array and on the high-voltage interconnection line were studied in depth. The transient overvoltage distribution at key components within the PV- BESS hybrid system was obtained. The dynamic attenuation process of electrical surge propagation from multi-terminal sources and loads (grid, PV) within the energy storage system and the most dangerous path leading to damage of internal key components were elucidated. The failure mechanisms of key components (low-voltage side of the energy storage transformer, high-voltage side of the PCS filter) were identified, providing technical support for overvoltage protection of core devices in PV- BESS systems. Photovoltaic- battery energy storage hybrid system Lightning strike Transient overvoltage EMTP simulation Surge protection Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 13 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 18 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 12 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8866741","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":638326090,"identity":"dfa10448-77a9-47df-965b-a6b0bd745d63","order_by":0,"name":"Yingjie Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yingjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":638326091,"identity":"408001e4-2c8b-438c-83fd-d766be8557ab","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaolei 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