KAP study on Breastfeeding and Weaning in a Low Socio-economic Area in Sudan, 2020-2021

KAP study on Breastfeeding and Weaning in a Low Socio-economic Area in Sudan, 2020-2021 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article KAP study on Breastfeeding and Weaning in a Low Socio-economic Area in Sudan, 2020-2021 Rahma Abdelseed, Islam Ahmed, Mohamed Abdelseed, Manal Gabani, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4331724/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant and young child feeding and an essential factor for their health and overall well-being. This study aims to assess the influence of socio-economic determinants on knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding and weaning among mothers of children aged two years and below in the suburbs of Khartoum locality. Materials and Methods : A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 196 mothers of children selected through systematic random sampling. Results: Around 53% of participants had good knowledge on breastfeeding and weaning, and 60% of respondent had positive attitude towards breastfeeding and weaning. With regards to practice; breastfeeding initiation during the first hour was practiced by 94%, approximately 8% of participants had given pre-lacteal feed, colostrum feeding was done by 86.7%, around22% of women fed their child from one side until the whole breast is emptied out, 41% of mothers practicing breastfeeding on demand, 45% mothers had practiced or were currently practicing exclusive breastfeeding, almost 29% started introducing complementary food after the age of 6 month, and the most common types of complementary food introduced were boiled vegetables (94%). Socio-economic status significantly associated with poor knowledge were age below 25 years (p=0.007), primary education and below (p= 0.000) and mothers working in marginal business (p=0.008). While negative attitude was significantly associated with primary school education and below (p =0.04) and income of < or =10 000 Sudanese pounds per months (p =0.05). Mothers on marginal business jobs were more likely to have poor knowledge when compared to employed women (OR= 7.3, p 0.034). Those of primary education and below were likely to have poor knowledge than those with education level of secondary school and above (OR=4.8, p= 0.000). Whereas, those younger than 25years were more likely to have poor knowledge than older mothers (OR=2, p 0.026). Mothers who delivered at home had lower knowledge levels as to those who gave birth in a health institute (OR=2, p=0.019). Conclusion and recommendation: There is a need for mass education campaigns to promote optimal breastfeeding and weaning practices coupled with counseling during antenatal and postnatal periods Breastfeeding weaning low socio-economic area knowledge attitude practice Sudan Figures Figure 1 1.Introduction Breast milk is a precious gift for children and mothers alike. containing a wide variety of essential nutrients and immunological factors. [1,2] Breastfeeding is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as " an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants " Additionally, breast milk is hailed as an effective instrument in advancing the Global Women's, Children's, and Adolescent's Health (2016–2030) agenda, which was initiated alongside the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals serve as a roadmap towards eliminating preventable mortality within a generation. [3] Within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Goal 3 prioritizes the reduction of the global maternal mortality ratio and the eradication of preventable deaths among newborns and children under 5 years of age, placing these objectives at the forefront of the agenda. [4] Furthermore, breastfeeding is endorsed by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as the optimal infant feeding practice [5,6] Beyond the nutritional advantages, breastfeeding provides a broad array of benefits to both mother and child, spanning from physiological to psychological realms, with effects that are both immediate and long-lasting [7, 8,9,10,11,12] As per the 2020 report from the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), over 5 million children passed away before reaching the age of 5, primarily because they lacked access to basic, inexpensive interventions such as exclusive breastfeeding and proper feeding practices.[13] The perceptions and behaviors surrounding breastfeeding and weaning are shaped by various socio-economic factors, such as the mother's literacy level, socio-cultural norms, maternal age, family income, and social status, among others. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, there have been limited studies conducted in Sudan that comprehensively examine the impact of socio-economic factors on breastfeeding and weaning practices. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and pinpoint gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices within this economically disadvantaged group. The findings of this research can provide an invaluable basis for policymakers and decision-makers develop evidence-based interventions aimed at enhancing breastfeeding practices among vulnerable segments of society. 2. Methods 2.1 Study design : Community-based analytical cross-sectional study design. 2.2 Study area : The study was conducted in Soba station neighborhood, located in southern outskirts of Khartoum state. 2.3 Study duration: 2020–2021 2.4 Study population : According to Soba administrative Units’ statistics an estimated total population of soba station inhabitants is approximately 6840 persons. Because of the absence of precise statistics regarding the exact number of children in the region, the researcher relied on estimated figures provided by the State Ministry of Health 2.5. Sample size and sampling technique : 2.5.1 Sample size :​ Sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan formula (1970) After applying the above formula, the resultant sample size: N = 196 2.5.2 Sampling techniques : The systematic sampling techniques. The interval of sampling was calculated by dividing the total number of houses by sample size. Interval = 1000/196 = 5 The first house was selected randomly using simple random sampling. 2.6. Inclusion criteria: All mothers of children aged 2 years and below are included in the study. 2.7. Exclusion criteria : Mothers whose children have died. Mothers of children with cleft lip with/without cleft palate. Mothers who refused to participate in the study. 2.8 Data collection tools and methods. The data was collected using a well-structured mixed questionnaire comprising four primary sections: Socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude, and feeding and weaning practices. Data collection involved direct face-to-face interviews with mothers conducted by two trained data collectors. These collectors ensured adherence to all protective measures against the COVID-19 pandemic. During household visits, if no child under the age of two years was present, the next eligible household meeting the inclusion criteria was selected. The questionnaire underwent a pilot phase, during which necessary adjustments and corrections were made based on feedback received. 2 .9 Data management and analysis : Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Data was presented in tables and figures. Multinomial regression test was used to test for predicators of knowledge, attitude and practice at a significant level of 0.05. 2.10 Ethical consideration: Ethical and scientific approval was obtained from the Research Committee at the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum. Subsequently, informed written consent was obtained from all participants before conducting the interviews. The confidentiality of the data has been strictly maintained, and it has only been utilized for the purpose of this research. 3.Results A total of 196 mothers with children aged ≤ 2 years residing in the low socio-economic area of Soba Almahta (Soba station), located in the southern outskirts of the capital city, Khartoum, were interviewed for this study. In terms of socio-economic data, the average age of mothers was 28.7806 years with a standard deviation of 5.80608. The majority of mothers fell within the age range of 26–30 years. Regarding education levels, 7.7% of mothers were illiterate, while 48.5% had completed primary school education. The vast majority (83.2%) of respondents were housewives, and 70% reported a monthly income of less than 10,000 Sudanese pounds. Regarding the site of delivery of children, deliveries were almost evenly distributed between home and institutional settings, each accounting for around 50% of cases. However, vaginal delivery was by far the most common mode of delivery, accounting for 87% (170) of births. Table (1): Knowledge about breast-feeding and weaning : variable No % Best food for the child Breast feeding 184 93.9 Industrial feeding 12 6.1 Advantages of Breastfeeding for the Child Increases immunity and prevent diseases 68 34.7 Increases intelligence 10 5.1 Help in early teeth eruption 7 3.6 Strengthens mother-child relationship 18 9.2 I don’t know 122 62.2 Advantages of breastfeeding for Mother Cheap 1 0.5 Strengthens mother-child relationship 17 8.7 Natural contraceptive method 9 4.6 Protects mother from cancer 24 12.2 I don’t know 152 77.6 Optimum time for initiation of breastfeeding 1/2 − 1 hour after delivery 183 93.4 more than one hour 12 6.1 I don't know 1 0.5 Exclusive breastfeeding duration less than 4 months 20 10.2 up to 4 months 76 38.8 up to 6 months 82 41.8 more than 6 months 15 7.7 I don't know 3 1.5 Breastfeeding Age less than 1 year 3 1.5 less than 2 years 29 14.8 Until 2 years 162 82.7 I don't know 2 1.0 Humans have colostrum yes 163 83.2 no 2 1.0 I don't know 31 15.8 Colostrum Beneficent yes 155 79.1 no 6 3.1 I don't know 35 17.9 Thoughts about night feeding important 165 84.2 not important 5 2.6 tiring 20 10.2 I don't know 6 3.1 Definition of weaning stop breast feeding 156 79.6 added other food type beside breast milk 37 18.9 I don't know 3 1.5 Suitable age of baby to start introducing supplementary feeding. less than 4 months 20 10.2 4–6 months 83 42.3 after 6 months 91 46.4 I don't know 2 1.0 The majority of women, comprising 94% (184), recognized breastfeeding as the best nutrition for their child. However, there was uncertainty regarding the specific benefits of breastfeeding for both the child and mother. When asked about the optimal timing for initiating breastfeeding, the duration of breastfeeding, the definition of weaning, the benefits of colostrum feeding, and the importance of night feeds, the most common responses were accurate. However, there was ambiguity regarding the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, with almost equal proportions of respondents suggesting up to 4 months (39% or 76) and up to 6 months (42% or 82) respectively. Similarly, confusion was noted regarding the appropriate time to introduce supplementary feeding, where participants were mainly split between “4–6 months” and after 6 months at 42% (83) and 46% (91) respectively. Check table (1). The attitude towards breastfeeding was generally positive. However, in some areas around a third of the participants had a negative attitude particularly; the notion that breastfeeding is an old fashion practice 35% (68) see table (2). Regarding breastfeeding practices, the majority of participants reported adhering to best practices such as initiating breastfeeding promptly, abstaining from feeding the child anything before the first breastfeeding, providing colostrum feeds, practicing night feeding, and continuing breastfeeding after introducing complementary foods. However, 59% (116) breastfed on a schedule, half of the participants (51% or 99) breastfed for less than 6 months, and a little over half (51% or 100) introduced complementary feedings at 6 months of age. Table (3). variable No. % Breastfeeding prevents the child from infection agree 160 81.6 I don't agree 28 14.3 I don't know 8 4.1 Breastfeeding is an old fashion agree 68 34.7 I don't agree 124 63.3 I don't know 4 2.0 Breastfeeding is more beneficial for infants agree 191 97.4 I don't agree 4 2.0 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding is embarrassing agree 19 9.7 I don't agree 177 90.3 Breastfeeding strengthening mother-child relationship agree 187 95.4 I don't agree 8 4.1 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding prevents you from going to work agree 64 32.7 I don't agree 131 66.8 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding should be stopped during mother illness agree 68 34.7 I don't agree 127 64.8 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding should be avoided during child illness agree 11 5.6 I don't agree 185 94.4 I don't know 0 0 Table (2): Attitude towards breast-feeding and weaning : In terms of knowledge, the majority of participants, accounting for 53%, demonstrated good knowledge and scored above the mean knowledge score in this study. Concerning attitude, the majority of respondents, comprising 60%, exhibited a positive attitude and scored above the mean attitude mark. Table (3) Mother's practice towards breastfeeding and weaning : Variable No Percentage Start breastfeeding immediately after delivery 184 93.9 during the first 24 hours 10 5.1 after 24 hours 2 1.0 Child receive any meal before the first breastfeeding yes 16 8.2 no 180 91.8 Child receive any of the colostrum yes 170 86.7 no 5 2.6 I don’t know 21 10.7 Breast feed time Scheduled 116 59.1 On demand 80 40.8 Breastfeeding style used commonly from one breast 43 21.9 from both breasts 153 78.1 Duration of exclusive breastfeeding < 6 months 99 50.5 6 months 48 24.5 more than 6 months 10 5.1 Still on exclusive breastfeeding 39 19.9 Night feeds yes 194 99.0 no 2 1.0 Start complimentary feeding less than 4 months 20 10.2 4–6 months 80 40.8 after 6 months 57 29.1 Not yet 39 19.9 Continuation of breast feeding after introducing complimentary feeding yes 154 78.6 no 3 1.5 Still on exclusive breastfeeding 39 19.9 Figure (1): Bar chart showing types of complimentary feeding practice. Among mothers who introduced supplementary food to their child (n = 157), the majority initiated with boiled vegetables (94%), legumes (92%), and mashed cereals (92%). figure (1) Table (4): Socio-economic risk factors influencing Knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding and weaning Knowledge Factors Reference P OR Lower Upper = 25 years 0.026 2.169 1.095 4.295 Primary school and below Above primary school 0.000 4.795 2.495 9.212 housewives Employed women 0.043 5.063 1.051 24.397 Independently employed Employed women 0.034 7.907 1.169 53.743 Reference category good knowledge Attitude Home delivery Institutional delivery 0.019 2.08 1.130 3.828 Factors Reference P OR Lower Upper Primary school and below Above primary school 0.712 2.5 0.697 2.977 = 10 000 0.324 1.441 0.697 2.977 Reference category positive attitude Regarding socio-economic factors predicting knowledge, all factors - age, education, and site of delivery - initially showed significant associations in the chi-square test. However, after running the variables in a single multinomial regression model, only employment status emerged as a statistically significant predictor. Mothers in independent jobs were found to be 7.9 times more likely to have poor knowledge compared to employed women, with a p-value of 0.034. Similarly, housewives exhibited 5 times less knowledge than employed women, with a p-value of 0.043 refer to Table (4). Participants with primary education or below were 4.8 times more likely to have poor knowledge compared to those with higher education levels, with a p-value of 0.000. Additionally, women younger than 25 years were found to be 2 times more likely to have poor knowledge compared to older women, with a p-value of 0.026. Moreover, mothers who delivered at home had knowledge levels that were 2 times lower than those who gave birth in a health institute. Table (4) Regarding attitude, the only significant factors in Chi-square test were education and income levels. However, when these variables were tested using a multinomial regression model, none of them emerged as significant predictors of attitude. Table (4) 4. Discussion Breastfeeding stands as the gold standard for infant and young child feeding, playing a pivotal role in shaping the long-term health of newborns and infants. The study specifically targeted the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breastfeeding and weaning among mothers with children aged two years and below in a low socio-economic area where low income, education and marginal occupation domains were expected. The average age of mothers in this study was 28.8 years with a standard deviation of 5.81, a figure quite similar to that observed in Egypt by Mohammed et al. in 2016, which reported an average age of 28.4 years with a similar standard deviation. Interestingly, in the current study, 93% of participants had at least primary education, a significantly higher proportion compared to Egypt where only 44.3% of mothers were literate. [15] Conversely, in Ethiopia, the percentage of mothers with primary education and above was much lower at 31.3%.[16] In terms of employment status, 83.2% of mothers in the current study were housewives, slightly lower than the figure reported in El-Minia, Egypt (93.2%). Conversely, in the United Arab Emirates, the percentage of unemployed mothers was lower than both the current study and that of El-Minia, Egypt, standing at 60.4%.[17] In this study, the proportion of children delivered by caesarean section was five times higher compared to Ethiopia, with rates of 13.3% and 2.5% respectively. Furthermore, concerning the number of children, 62.8% of participants in the current study had more than two children, whereas in Ethiopia, this figure was higher at 79.2%. However, it's essential to note that this difference could be attributed to the methodology employed in data collection. This research gathered data on the number of alive children, while the study in Ethiopia focused on the number of parities, which includes both alive and deceased children. [16] Ninety-four percent of interviewed mothers in this study acknowledged breastfeeding as the best nutrition for children under 2 years. However, this percentage was lower compared to findings in a rural area in El-Minia governorate, Egypt, where it was reported as 100%. Furthermore, in the current study, a significant proportion (62.2%) of participants failed to accurately identify the specific benefits of breastfeeding for the child. Only 34.7% mentioned that breastfeeding strengthens immunity and prevents diseases, contrasting sharply with the findings in El-Minia, Egypt, where 97.7% of participants recognized the impact of breastfeeding on immunity and disease prevention. [15] Regarding the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother, a noteworthy percentage (77.6%) of study participants in this research were unaware of any advantages. Moreover, only a small fraction (9.2%) of participants recognized the benefit of breastfeeding in fostering mother-child bonding, which sharply contrasts with the findings in El-Minia, Egypt, where 95.8% of participants acknowledged this advantage. On the other hand, concerning the protective effect of breastfeeding on breast cancer, a higher percentage of participants in this study (12.2%) mentioned it compared to the research in Egypt (4.6%). [15] Ninety-three percent of participants in this study were aware of the optimal time for initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery, which is higher than the figures reported in the study by Mohammed et al. in Egypt (83.7%) [15], and the study by Chavan et al. in India (79.1%).[18] Regarding the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), 41.8% of participants knew that EBF should be continued until 6 months of age, which is higher compared to the findings in El-Mina, Egypt (32.2%).[15] Furthermore, the awareness of the duration of EBF in this study was even higher than that of respondents from France, Britain, and the United States (35.5%, 29.8%, and 23.4% respectively) in the study by Wei Chun Wang, 2017, [19] nonetheless lower when compared to the findings in Italy where 71% of participants responded correctly to the optimum duration of breastfeeding. [20]. In this study, 79% of participants recognized colostrum feeding as important, which is lower compared to a study in India where all participants (100%) were aware of its importance. [21] Furthermore, the figure is even lower in a systematic review in East Africa, which found that only 52.1% of participants agree that colostrum is important. [22] These discrepancies could be attributed to cultural differences across the countries, which are geographically distant from each other. Cultural beliefs and practices regarding infant feeding may vary widely, influencing levels of awareness and understanding regarding colostrum feeding. Regarding weaning, approximately 80% of mothers in this study had a misconception of weaning as complete cessation of breastfeeding, which is similar to the findings of a study by Kiran Bala et al., in India where 80.3% of participants also falsely defined weaning. [21] This misconception was even more prevalent among Egyptians, with as high as 92% defining weaning as complete cessation of breastfeeding in the study by El-Minia. [15] In terms of attitude, 35% of participants in this study agreed that breastfeeding should be stopped during the mother's sickness, whereas in Egypt, this figure was as high as 83%.[15] Additionally, around 10% of participants in this study found breastfeeding embarrassing, while 80% of Egyptians found it embarrassing. [15] This difference could be attributed to the relative normalization of breastfeeding in the daily lives of Sudanese women. Furthermore, participants in this study showed a more positive attitude towards continuing breastfeeding for a sick child compared to their Egyptian counterparts [15], with 94% and 80% respectively. Regarding breastfeeding practice, 94% of participants initiated breastfeeding during the first hour, which is high in relation to 81.8% in Ethiopia, [16] and approximately 60% in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. [17] Pre-lacteal feed was not common and only 8% of participants gave pre-lacteal feed to their children which is low compared to about two third 66% in the study of Kiran Bala et al.[21] Colostrum feeding was done by 86.7% which is high compared to many other studies like that in Pakistan by Moazzam Ali Khan et al, 2016 in which colostrum feeding was 73% [23] and of El-Minia Egypt which was 74%.[15] Only 21.9% of women fed their child from one side until the whole breast is emptied out so that the baby gets hind milk which is important for the brain development. This was relatively high compared to 17.3% in the study of Mohammed et al. [15] Breastfeeding on demand was rather unpopular in our study with around 41% of mothers practicing it, unlike the research of Mohammed et al, Egypt in which almost 96% breastfed on demand. This could be due to that there were a higher percentage of employed mothers in this study, hence less availability to breastfeed on demand. Prolactin is secreted after feed to produce next feed. As secretion of prolactin is more at night, suckling at night is encouraged. In the current study 99% of mother’s night-fed their children which is high compared to 72%in. Mohammed et al. study. [15] Furthermore, in this study, 45% of the respondents had practiced or were currently practicing exclusive breastfeeding, which is lower (81.7%) compared to a study conducted in Brazil by Morais et al. in 2016, [24]. This rate was very close to that found in Abu Dhabi, UAE, where 44% of children < 6 months were exclusively breastfed. [17] Conversely, in a study in Italy by Cascone et al, approximately 33% of mothers breastfed exclusively [19], while in Western Saudi Arabia, the rate was 28%.[25] Moreover, in the current study, only 29% introduced complementary feed after the age of six-months. Unfortunately, this rate was even lower in the research conducted by Bala et al. in 2020 in India, where only 18% of mothers introduced complementary food after this age. [21] The most common types of complementary food introduced were boiled vegetables (94%) which was similar to that of Panting Lu et al in China (98%) for cereals and potatoes.[26] Furthermore, cow milk was introduced to 40% of children as complimentary feeding. Whereas in Brazil, an increased cow milk consumption from (31.1%) during the first 6 months of age to (81.7%) during the second year of life. [24] Regarding occupation, mothers on independent jobs(marginal business) were 7.9 times more likely to have poor knowledge when compared to employed women at p-value of 0.034, Housewives showed a 5 times less knowledge than women employed p-value 0.043.This could be due to that employment in the formal sector requires that employees to be of a certain minimum level of education. Those of primary education and below were 4.8 times likely to have poor knowledge than those with education level higher than primary school, at p-value 0.000. This could be due to the exposure to breastfeeding and nutrition lessons during their education journey whereas; those younger than 25 years were 2 times more likely to have poor knowledge than older women with a p-value 0.026 this could be explained by the years of cumulative knowledge gained by elder women. Mothers who delivered at home had 2 times lower knowledge levels than those who gave birth in a health institute this could be explained by the possible exposure of those who delivered at institute to instruction and counseling by a trained health personnel on the importance of breastfeeding. With respect to attitude, the only significant attributable factor was education and income level; and when these variables were tested using multinomial regression model none of them was a significant predicator of attitude. 5. Conclusion According to the findings of the present study, it was concluded that the majority of mothers from the studied low socio-economic area had good knowledge and positive attitudes. However, some practices were suboptimal. Knowledge about breastfeeding was less especially among mothers who were younger less educated, working in marginal businesses or who delivered at home. Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical and scientific approval was obtained from the Research Committee at the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum. Subsequently, informed written consent was obtained from all participants before conducting the interviews. The confidentiality of the data has been strictly maintained, and it has only been utilized for the purpose of this research. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Availability of data and materials: Data is provided within supplementary information files Competing interests: I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. Funding source: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Authors’ contributions : R. A. and I. A. wrote main manuscript text M. A. and M. G. prepared tables and figures H. A. contributed to results and analysis All authors reviewed the manuscript Acknowledgement: First and foremost, praises and thanks to God for his blessings throughout my research work to complete this research successfully. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my colleague Amani Idris who accompanied me through the journey of data collection. Finally, last but by no means least; I want to thank my friends, family and my husband for encouragement and support. References Boix-Amorós A, Collado M, Vant Land B, Calvert A, Le Doare K, Garssen J et al. Reviewing the evidence on breast milk composition and immunological outcomes. Nutrition Reviews. 2019;77(8):541-556. Mosca F, Giannì M. Human milk: composition and health benefits. 2021. What is the Global Strategy? [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2021 [cited 26 March 2021]. 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Morais M, Cardoso A, Lazarini T, Mosquera E, Mallozi M. HÁBITOS E ATITUDES DE MÃES DE LACTENTES EM RELAÇÃO AO ALEITAMENTO NATURAL E ARTIFICIAL EM 11 CIDADES BRASILEIRAS. Revista Paulista de Pediatria. 2017;35(1):39-45. Hegazi M, Allebdi M, Almohammadi M, Alnafie A, Al-Hazmi L, Alyoubi S. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in relation to knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding mothers in Rabigh community, Western Saudi Arabia. World Journal of Pediatrics. 2019;15(6):601-609. Lu P, Wang J, Jiang W, Qian C, Li N, Zhu X, Wang Y. Feeding status of 0~ 23-month-old infants in poor rural areas of Gansu Province from 2018 to 2019. Wei Sheng yan jiu= Journal of Hygiene Research. 2020 Sep 1;49(5):731-43. Tables Table ( 1): Knowledge about breast-feeding and weaning : variable No % Best food for the child Breast feeding 184 93.9 Industrial feeding 12 6.1 Advantages of Breastfeeding for the Child Increases immunity and prevent diseases 68 34.7 Increases intelligence 10 5.1 Help in early teeth eruption 7 3.6 Strengthens mother-child relationship 18 9.2 I don’t know 122 62.2 Advantages of breastfeeding for Mother Cheap 1 0.5 Strengthens mother-child relationship 17 8.7 Natural contraceptive method 9 4.6 Prevents post-partum hemorrhage 4 2 Protects mother from cancer 24 12.2 I don’t know 152 77.6 Optimum time for initiation of breastfeeding 1/2 -1 hour after delivery 183 93.4 more than one hour 12 6.1 I don't know 1 0.5 Exclusive breastfeeding duration less than 4 months 20 10.2 up to 4 months 76 38.8 up to 6 months 82 41.8 more than 6 months 15 7.7 I don't know 3 1.5 Breastfeeding Age less than 1 year 3 1.5 less than 2 years 29 14.8 Until 2 years 162 82.7 I don't know 2 1.0 Humans have colostrum yes 163 83.2 no 2 1.0 I don't know 31 15.8 Colostrum Beneficent yes 155 79.1 no 6 3.1 I don't know 35 17.9 Thoughts about night feeding important 165 84.2 not important 5 2.6 tiring 20 10.2 I don't know 6 3.1 Definition of weaning stop breast feeding 156 79.6 added other food type beside breast milk 37 18.9 I don't know 3 1.5 Suitable age of baby to start introducing supplementary feeding. less than 4 months 20 10.2 4-6 months 83 42.3 after 6 months 91 46.4 I don't know 2 1.0 Table ( 2 ): Attitude towards breast-feeding and weaning : variable No. % Breastfeeding prevents the child from infection agree 160 81.6 I don't agree 28 14.3 I don't know 8 4.1 Breastfeeding is an old fashion agree 68 34.7 I don't agree 124 63.3 I don't know 4 2.0 Breastfeeding is more beneficial for infants agree 191 97.4 I don't agree 4 2.0 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding is embarrassing agree 19 9.7 I don't agree 177 90.3 Breastfeeding strengthening mother-child relationship agree 187 95.4 I don't agree 8 4.1 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding prevents you from going to work agree 64 32.7 I don't agree 131 66.8 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding should be stopped during mother illness agree 68 34.7 I don't agree 127 64.8 I don't know 1 .5 Breastfeeding should be avoided during child illness agree 11 5.6 I don't agree 185 94.4 I don't know 0 0 Table ( 3 ) Mother's practice towards breastfeeding and weaning: Variable No Percentage Start breastfeeding immediately after delivery 184 93.9 during the first 24 hours 10 5.1 after 24 hours 2 1.0 Child receive any meal before the first breastfeeding yes 16 8.2 no 180 91.8 Child receive any of the colostrum yes 170 86.7 no 5 2.6 I don’t know 21 10.7 Breast feed time Scheduled 116 59.1 On demand 80 40.8 Breastfeeding style used commonly from one breast 43 21.9 from both breasts 153 78.1 Duration of exclusive breastfeeding <6 months 99 50.5 6 months 48 24.5 more than 6 months 10 5.1 Still on exclusive breastfeeding 39 19.9 Night feeds yes 194 99.0 no 2 1.0 Start complimentary feeding less than 4 months 20 10.2 4-6 months 80 40.8 after 6 months 57 29.1 Not yet 39 19.9 Continuation of breast feeding after introducing complimentary feeding yes 154 78.6 no 3 1.5 Still on exclusive breastfeeding 39 19.9 Table (4): Socio-economic risk factors influencing Knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding and weaning Knowledge Factors Reference P OR Lower Upper =25 years 0.026 2.169 1.095 4.295 Primary school and below Above primary school 0.000 4.795 2.495 9.212 housewives Employed women 0.043 5.063 1.051 24.397 Independently employed Employed women 0.034 7.907 1.169 53.743 Reference category good knowledge Attitude Home delivery Institutional delivery 0.019 2.08 1.130 3.828 Factors Reference P OR Lower Upper Primary school and below Above primary school 0.712 2.5 0.697 2.977 =10 000 0.324 1.441 0.697 2.977 Reference category positive attitude Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files DataSet.xlsx questionnaireRahma.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4331724","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":300388803,"identity":"93b76612-cafe-485a-b70b-08876d0a5346","order_by":0,"name":"Rahma Abdelseed","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABC0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHiA+cICBj5nB8MGHChsgj7HxAFFa2JgZjA1nnEkDaWkgUgsDg5k0b8thsBheLebtZ49u+HHmjjwbO/MGyZkN5+3Wth8G2lJjE41Li8yZvLSbPTeeGbYxsxUYfNxxO3nbmUSglmNpuQ04tEgw5Jjd4PlwmLGNmccgceaZ28lmB4BaGBsO49bC/8bs5p8Ph+1BWg7ztp1LNjv/kIAWiRyz2zw3DicCtRg287YdsDO7QcgWiTdmt2XOHE4G+qWYccaZ5ASzG0BbEvD5hT/H7OabY4dt+/kPb//xocLO3ux8+sMHH2pscGrBAIlglQnEKgcBe1IUj4JRMApGwcgAAAnnbJf85DWWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rahma","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdelseed","suffix":""},{"id":300388804,"identity":"aa54ec02-b56e-4d9d-81a7-2f83c7850ec1","order_by":1,"name":"Islam Ahmed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sudan Medical Specialization Board","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Islam","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""},{"id":300388805,"identity":"fc8ce115-d161-4f4d-ab84-61ba9ea3a9cc","order_by":2,"name":"Mohamed Abdelseed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ministry of Health","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdelseed","suffix":""},{"id":300388806,"identity":"cba3ef68-5171-459c-b65b-6099c281be59","order_by":3,"name":"Manal Gabani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mycetoma Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manal","middleName":"","lastName":"Gabani","suffix":""},{"id":300388808,"identity":"d5d91c7c-e2d5-4d5f-82ef-c9af0ab0b146","order_by":4,"name":"Haidar Abu Ahmed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haidar","middleName":"Abu","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-26 22:25:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4331724/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4331724/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56395758,"identity":"373ebade-129c-40a2-81be-79afb88de5f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:41:57","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49542,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBar chart showing types of complimentary feeding practice.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4331724/v1/0460a45d4b17705b9319f8f2.png"},{"id":62343317,"identity":"5d6c511d-0df5-49ab-8162-0c247ad68cac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-13 06:53:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1590857,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4331724/v1/9627d808-c9e1-490c-9153-5325c202d579.pdf"},{"id":56395757,"identity":"360b0b5f-0ca0-46f8-9873-89be4dc71bf9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:41:57","extension":"xlsx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":61128,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DataSet.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4331724/v1/c77ad36e6fd3f8358c738d77.xlsx"},{"id":56395759,"identity":"efd91dac-0f67-484a-9691-7d2266eff4ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-13 15:41:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":94231,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"questionnaireRahma.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4331724/v1/d58b560ef9278b6f8f672e8c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"KAP study on Breastfeeding and Weaning in a Low Socio-economic Area in Sudan, 2020-2021","fulltext":[{"header":"1.Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eBreast milk is a precious gift for children and mothers alike. containing a wide variety of essential nutrients and immunological factors. [1,2] Breastfeeding is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as \"\u003cem\u003ean unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants\u003c/em\u003e\" Additionally, breast milk is hailed as an effective instrument in advancing the Global Women's, Children's, and Adolescent's Health (2016\u0026ndash;2030) agenda, which was initiated alongside the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These goals serve as a roadmap towards eliminating preventable mortality within a generation. [3] Within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Goal 3 prioritizes the reduction of the global maternal mortality ratio and the eradication of preventable deaths among newborns and children under 5 years of age, placing these objectives at the forefront of the agenda. [4] Furthermore, breastfeeding is endorsed by both the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as the optimal infant feeding practice [5,6] Beyond the nutritional advantages, breastfeeding provides a broad array of benefits to both mother and child, spanning from physiological to psychological realms, with effects that are both immediate and long-lasting [7, 8,9,10,11,12]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs per the 2020 report from the United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), over 5\u0026nbsp;million children passed away before reaching the age of 5, primarily because they lacked access to basic, inexpensive interventions such as exclusive breastfeeding and proper feeding practices.[13]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe perceptions and behaviors surrounding breastfeeding and weaning are shaped by various socio-economic factors, such as the mother's literacy level, socio-cultural norms, maternal age, family income, and social status, among others. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, there have been limited studies conducted in Sudan that comprehensively examine the impact of socio-economic factors on breastfeeding and weaning practices. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and pinpoint gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices within this economically disadvantaged group. The findings of this research can provide an invaluable basis for policymakers and decision-makers develop evidence-based interventions aimed at enhancing breastfeeding practices among vulnerable segments of society.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.1 Study design\u003c/b\u003e: Community-based analytical cross-sectional study design.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.2 Study area\u003c/b\u003e: The study was conducted in Soba station neighborhood, located in southern outskirts of Khartoum state.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.3 Study duration: 2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.4 Study population\u003c/b\u003e: According to Soba administrative Units\u0026rsquo; statistics an estimated total population of soba station inhabitants is approximately 6840 persons. Because of the absence of precise statistics regarding the exact number of children in the region, the researcher relied on estimated figures provided by the State Ministry of Health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.5. Sample size and sampling technique\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.5.1 Sample size\u003c/b\u003e:​\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan formula (1970)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter applying the above formula, the resultant sample size: N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;196\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.5.2 Sampling techniques\u003c/b\u003e: The systematic sampling techniques. The interval of sampling was calculated by dividing the total number of houses by sample size.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterval\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1000/196\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first house was selected randomly using simple random sampling.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.6. Inclusion criteria:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll mothers of children aged 2 years and below are included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003e2.7. Exclusion criteria\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eMothers whose children have died.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eMothers of children with cleft lip with/without cleft palate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eMothers who refused to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.8 Data collection tools and methods.\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data was collected using a well-structured mixed questionnaire comprising four primary sections: Socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude, and feeding and weaning practices. Data collection involved direct face-to-face interviews with mothers conducted by two trained data collectors. These collectors ensured adherence to all protective measures against the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring household visits, if no child under the age of two years was present, the next eligible household meeting the inclusion criteria was selected. The questionnaire underwent a pilot phase, during which necessary adjustments and corrections were made based on feedback received.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2\u003cb\u003e.9 Data management and analysis\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData was entered, cleaned and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Data was presented in tables and figures. Multinomial regression test was used to test for predicators of knowledge, attitude and practice at a significant level of 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.10 Ethical consideration:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthical and scientific approval was obtained from the Research Committee at the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum. Subsequently, informed written consent was obtained from all participants before conducting the interviews. The confidentiality of the data has been strictly maintained, and it has only been utilized for the purpose of this research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3.Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 196 mothers with children aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;2 years residing in the low socio-economic area of Soba Almahta (Soba station), located in the southern outskirts of the capital city, Khartoum, were interviewed for this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of socio-economic data, the average age of mothers was 28.7806 years with a standard deviation of 5.80608. The majority of mothers fell within the age range of 26\u0026ndash;30 years. Regarding education levels, 7.7% of mothers were illiterate, while 48.5% had completed primary school education. The vast majority (83.2%) of respondents were housewives, and 70% reported a monthly income of less than 10,000 Sudanese pounds. Regarding the site of delivery of children, deliveries were almost evenly distributed between home and institutional settings, each accounting for around 50% of cases. However, vaginal delivery was by far the most common mode of delivery, accounting for 87% (170) of births.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;(1): Knowledge about breast-feeding and weaning\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBest food for the child\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustrial feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdvantages of Breastfeeding for the Child\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreases immunity and prevent diseases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreases intelligence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelp in early teeth eruption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrengthens mother-child relationship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdvantages of breastfeeding for Mother\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheap\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrengthens mother-child relationship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural contraceptive method\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtects mother from cancer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOptimum time for initiation of breastfeeding\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1/2\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1 hour after delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emore than one hour\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExclusive breastfeeding duration\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eless than 4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eup to 4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eup to 6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emore than 6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding Age\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eless than 1 year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eless than 2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUntil 2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHumans have colostrum\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eColostrum Beneficent\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThoughts about night feeding\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eimportant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enot important\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etiring\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDefinition of weaning\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003estop breast feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eadded other food type beside breast milk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSuitable age of baby to start introducing supplementary feeding.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eless than 4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eafter 6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of women, comprising 94% (184), recognized breastfeeding as the best nutrition for their child. However, there was uncertainty regarding the specific benefits of breastfeeding for both the child and mother. When asked about the optimal timing for initiating breastfeeding, the duration of breastfeeding, the definition of weaning, the benefits of colostrum feeding, and the importance of night feeds, the most common responses were accurate. However, there was ambiguity regarding the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, with almost equal proportions of respondents suggesting up to 4 months (39% or 76) and up to 6 months (42% or 82) respectively. Similarly, confusion was noted regarding the appropriate time to introduce supplementary feeding, where participants were mainly split between \u0026#147;4\u0026ndash;6 months\u0026#148; and after 6 months at 42% (83) and 46% (91) respectively. Check \u003cem\u003etable (1).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe attitude towards breastfeeding was generally positive. However, in some areas around a third of the participants had a negative attitude particularly; the notion that breastfeeding is an old fashion practice 35% (68) see \u003cem\u003etable (2).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding breastfeeding practices, the majority of participants reported adhering to best practices such as initiating breastfeeding promptly, abstaining from feeding the child anything before the first breastfeeding, providing colostrum feeds, practicing night feeding, and continuing breastfeeding after introducing complementary foods. However, 59% (116) breastfed on a schedule, half of the participants (51% or 99) breastfed for less than 6 months, and a little over half (51% or 100) introduced complementary feedings at 6 months of age. \u003cem\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;(3).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding prevents the child from infection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding is an old fashion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding is more beneficial for infants\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding is embarrassing\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding strengthening mother-child relationship\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding prevents you from going to work\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding should be stopped during mother illness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreastfeeding should be avoided during child illness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don't know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;(2): Attitude towards breast-feeding and weaning\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of knowledge, the majority of participants, accounting for 53%, demonstrated good knowledge and scored above the mean knowledge score in this study. Concerning attitude, the majority of respondents, comprising 60%, exhibited a positive attitude and scored above the mean attitude mark.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;(3) Mother's practice towards breastfeeding and weaning\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStart breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eimmediately after delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eduring the first 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eafter 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChild receive any meal before the first breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChild receive any of the colostrum\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreast feed time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScheduled\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn demand\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding style used commonly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efrom one breast\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efrom both breasts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emore than 6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStill on exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNight feeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStart complimentary feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eless than 4 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eafter 6 months\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot yet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuation of breast feeding after introducing complimentary feeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStill on exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eFigure (1): Bar chart showing types of complimentary feeding practice.\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong mothers who introduced supplementary food to their child (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;157), the majority initiated with boiled vegetables (94%), legumes (92%), and mashed cereals (92%). \u003cem\u003efigure (1)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;(4): Socio-economic risk factors influencing Knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding and weaning\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabd\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLower\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpper\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e=\u0026lt; 25 years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.295\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary school and below\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbove primary school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.795\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.495\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ehousewives\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed women\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.397\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndependently employed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed women\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.907\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.743\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference category good knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAttitude\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHome delivery\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstitutional delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.828\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFactors\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReference\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLower\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUpper\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary school and below\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbove primary school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.977\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e=\u0026lt; 10 000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10 000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.441\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.977\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference category positive attitude\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding socio-economic factors predicting knowledge, all factors - age, education, and site of delivery - initially showed significant associations in the chi-square test. However, after running the variables in a single multinomial regression model, only employment status emerged as a statistically significant predictor. Mothers in independent jobs were found to be 7.9 times more likely to have poor knowledge compared to employed women, with a p-value of 0.034. Similarly, housewives exhibited 5 times less knowledge than employed women, with a p-value of 0.043 refer to Table\u0026nbsp;(4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants with primary education or below were 4.8 times more likely to have poor knowledge compared to those with higher education levels, with a p-value of 0.000. Additionally, women younger than 25 years were found to be 2 times more likely to have poor knowledge compared to older women, with a p-value of 0.026. Moreover, mothers who delivered at home had knowledge levels that were 2 times lower than those who gave birth in a health institute. Table\u0026nbsp;(4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding attitude, the only significant factors in Chi-square test were education and income levels. However, when these variables were tested using a multinomial regression model, none of them emerged as significant predictors of attitude. Table\u0026nbsp;(4)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding stands as the gold standard for infant and young child feeding, playing a pivotal role in shaping the long-term health of newborns and infants. The study specifically targeted the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breastfeeding and weaning among mothers with children aged two years and below in a low socio-economic area where low income, education and marginal occupation domains were expected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe average age of mothers in this study was 28.8 years with a standard deviation of 5.81, a figure quite similar to that observed in Egypt by Mohammed et al. in 2016, which reported an average age of 28.4 years with a similar standard deviation. Interestingly, in the current study, 93% of participants had at least primary education, a significantly higher proportion compared to Egypt where only 44.3% of mothers were literate. [15] Conversely, in Ethiopia, the percentage of mothers with primary education and above was much lower at 31.3%.[16] In terms of employment status, 83.2% of mothers in the current study were housewives, slightly lower than the figure reported in El-Minia, Egypt (93.2%). Conversely, in the United Arab Emirates, the percentage of unemployed mothers was lower than both the current study and that of El-Minia, Egypt, standing at 60.4%.[17]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, the proportion of children delivered by caesarean section was five times higher compared to Ethiopia, with rates of 13.3% and 2.5% respectively. Furthermore, concerning the number of children, 62.8% of participants in the current study had more than two children, whereas in Ethiopia, this figure was higher at 79.2%. However, it's essential to note that this difference could be attributed to the methodology employed in data collection. This research gathered data on the number of alive children, while the study in Ethiopia focused on the number of parities, which includes both alive and deceased children. [16]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNinety-four percent of interviewed mothers in this study acknowledged breastfeeding as the best nutrition for children under 2 years. However, this percentage was lower compared to findings in a rural area in El-Minia governorate, Egypt, where it was reported as 100%. Furthermore, in the current study, a significant proportion (62.2%) of participants failed to accurately identify the specific benefits of breastfeeding for the child. Only 34.7% mentioned that breastfeeding strengthens immunity and prevents diseases, contrasting sharply with the findings in El-Minia, Egypt, where 97.7% of participants recognized the impact of breastfeeding on immunity and disease prevention. [15]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother, a noteworthy percentage (77.6%) of study participants in this research were unaware of any advantages. Moreover, only a small fraction (9.2%) of participants recognized the benefit of breastfeeding in fostering mother-child bonding, which sharply contrasts with the findings in El-Minia, Egypt, where 95.8% of participants acknowledged this advantage. On the other hand, concerning the protective effect of breastfeeding on breast cancer, a higher percentage of participants in this study (12.2%) mentioned it compared to the research in Egypt (4.6%). [15]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNinety-three percent of participants in this study were aware of the optimal time for initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery, which is higher than the figures reported in the study by Mohammed et al. in Egypt (83.7%) [15], and the study by Chavan et al. in India (79.1%).[18] Regarding the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), 41.8% of participants knew that EBF should be continued until 6 months of age, which is higher compared to the findings in El-Mina, Egypt (32.2%).[15] Furthermore, the awareness of the duration of EBF in this study was even higher than that of respondents from France, Britain, and the United States (35.5%, 29.8%, and 23.4% respectively) in the study by Wei Chun Wang, 2017, [19] nonetheless lower when compared to the findings in Italy where 71% of participants responded correctly to the optimum duration of breastfeeding. [20].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, 79% of participants recognized colostrum feeding as important, which is lower compared to a study in India where all participants (100%) were aware of its importance. [21] Furthermore, the figure is even lower in a systematic review in East Africa, which found that only 52.1% of participants agree that colostrum is important. [22]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese discrepancies could be attributed to cultural differences across the countries, which are geographically distant from each other. Cultural beliefs and practices regarding infant feeding may vary widely, influencing levels of awareness and understanding regarding colostrum feeding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding weaning, approximately 80% of mothers in this study had a misconception of weaning as complete cessation of breastfeeding, which is similar to the findings of a study by Kiran Bala et al., in India where 80.3% of participants also falsely defined weaning. [21] This misconception was even more prevalent among Egyptians, with as high as 92% defining weaning as complete cessation of breastfeeding in the study by El-Minia. [15]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of attitude, 35% of participants in this study agreed that breastfeeding should be stopped during the mother's sickness, whereas in Egypt, this figure was as high as 83%.[15] Additionally, around 10% of participants in this study found breastfeeding embarrassing, while 80% of Egyptians found it embarrassing. [15] This difference could be attributed to the relative normalization of breastfeeding in the daily lives of Sudanese women. Furthermore, participants in this study showed a more positive attitude towards continuing breastfeeding for a sick child compared to their Egyptian counterparts [15], with 94% and 80% respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding breastfeeding practice, 94% of participants initiated breastfeeding during the first hour, which is high in relation to 81.8% in Ethiopia, [16] and approximately 60% in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. [17] Pre-lacteal feed was not common and only 8% of participants gave pre-lacteal feed to their children which is low compared to about two third 66% in the study of Kiran Bala et al.[21]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColostrum feeding was done by 86.7% which is high compared to many other studies like that in Pakistan by Moazzam Ali Khan et al, 2016 in which colostrum feeding was 73% [23] and of El-Minia Egypt which was 74%.[15] Only 21.9% of women fed their child from one side until the whole breast is emptied out so that the baby gets hind milk which is important for the brain development. This was relatively high compared to 17.3% in the study of Mohammed et al. [15] Breastfeeding on demand was rather unpopular in our study with around 41% of mothers practicing it, unlike the research of Mohammed et al, Egypt in which almost 96% breastfed on demand. This could be due to that there were a higher percentage of employed mothers in this study, hence less availability to breastfeed on demand. Prolactin is secreted after feed to produce next feed. As secretion of prolactin is more at night, suckling at night is encouraged. In the current study 99% of mother\u0026rsquo;s night-fed their children which is high compared to 72%in. Mohammed et al. study. [15]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, in this study, 45% of the respondents had practiced or were currently practicing exclusive breastfeeding, which is lower (81.7%) compared to a study conducted in Brazil by Morais et al. in 2016, [24]. This rate was very close to that found in Abu Dhabi, UAE, where 44% of children\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;6 months were exclusively breastfed. [17] Conversely, in a study in Italy by Cascone et al, approximately 33% of mothers breastfed exclusively [19], while in Western Saudi Arabia, the rate was 28%.[25]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, in the current study, only 29% introduced complementary feed after the age of six-months. Unfortunately, this rate was even lower in the research conducted by Bala et al. in 2020 in India, where only 18% of mothers introduced complementary food after this age. [21]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most common types of complementary food introduced were boiled vegetables (94%) which was similar to that of Panting Lu et al in China (98%) for cereals and potatoes.[26] Furthermore, cow milk was introduced to 40% of children as complimentary feeding. Whereas in Brazil, an increased cow milk consumption from (31.1%) during the first 6 months of age to (81.7%) during the second year of life. [24]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding occupation, mothers on independent jobs(marginal business) were 7.9 times more likely to have poor knowledge when compared to employed women at p-value of 0.034, Housewives showed a 5 times less knowledge than women employed p-value 0.043.This could be due to that employment in the formal sector requires that employees to be of a certain minimum level of education.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThose of primary education and below were 4.8 times likely to have poor knowledge than those with education level higher than primary school, at p-value 0.000. This could be due to the exposure to breastfeeding and nutrition lessons during their education journey whereas; those younger than 25 years were 2 times more likely to have poor knowledge than older women with a p-value 0.026 this could be explained by the years of cumulative knowledge gained by elder women. Mothers who delivered at home had 2 times lower knowledge levels than those who gave birth in a health institute this could be explained by the possible exposure of those who delivered at institute to instruction and counseling by a trained health personnel on the importance of breastfeeding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith respect to attitude, the only significant attributable factor was education and income level; and when these variables were tested using multinomial regression model none of them was a significant predicator of attitude.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the findings of the present study, it was concluded that the majority of mothers from the studied low socio-economic area had good knowledge and positive attitudes. However, some practices were suboptimal. Knowledge about breastfeeding was less especially among mothers who were younger less educated, working in marginal businesses or who delivered at home.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval and consent to participate:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEthical and scientific approval was obtained from the Research Committee at the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum. Subsequently, informed written consent was obtained from all participants before conducting the interviews. The confidentiality of the data has been strictly maintained, and it has only been utilized for the purpose of this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData is provided within supplementary information files\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eI declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding source:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions :\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eR. A. and I. A. wrote main manuscript text\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM. A. and M. G. prepared tables and figures\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH. A. contributed to results and analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors reviewed the manuscript\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cu\u003eAcknowledgement:\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst and foremost, praises and thanks to God for his blessings throughout my research work to complete this research successfully.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI would like to express my sincere gratitude to\u0026nbsp;my\u0026nbsp;colleague Amani Idris who accompanied me through the journey of data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, last but by no means least; I want to thank my friends, family and my husband for encouragement and support.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoix-Amor\u0026oacute;s A, Collado M, Vant Land B, Calvert A, Le Doare K, Garssen J et al. 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Globalbreastfeedingcollective.org. 2021 [cited 26 March 2021]. Available from: https://www.globalbreastfeedingcollective.org/\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBreastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. PEDIATRICS. 2012;129(3):e827-e841.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrol K, Grossmann T. Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz. 2018;61(8):977-985.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDel Ciampo L, Del Ciampo I. Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women\u0026apos;s Health. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u0026iacute;cia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2018;40(06):354-359.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchwarz EB, Nothnagle M. The maternal health benefits of breastfeeding. American family physician. 2015 May 1;91(9):602-4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlimoradi F, Javadi M, Barikani A, Kalantari N, Ahmadi M. An Overview of Importance of Breastfeeding. Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics. 2014;5(2).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlack R, Allen L, Bhutta Z, Caulfield L, de Onis M, Ezzati M et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. The Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-260.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevels and Trends in Child Mortality - UNICEF DATA [Internet]. UNICEF DATA. 2021 [cited 26 March 2021]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/resources/levels-and-trends-in-child-mortality/\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDror D, Allen L. Overview of Nutrients in Human Milk. Advances in Nutrition. 2018;9(suppl_1):278S-294S.45. Heck K, Braveman P, Cubbin C, Ch\u0026aacute;vez G, Kiely J. Socioeconomic Status and Breastfeeding Initiation among California Mothers. Public Health Reports. 2006;121(1):51-59.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMohammed E, Ghazawy E, Hassan E. 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International Breastfeeding Journal. 2020;15(1)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnatolitou F. Human milk benefits and breastfeeding. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM). 2012 Oct 23;1(1):11-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMorais M, Cardoso A, Lazarini T, Mosquera E, Mallozi M. H\u0026Aacute;BITOS E ATITUDES DE M\u0026Atilde;ES DE LACTENTES EM RELA\u0026Ccedil;\u0026Atilde;O AO ALEITAMENTO NATURAL E ARTIFICIAL EM 11 CIDADES BRASILEIRAS. Revista Paulista de Pediatria. 2017;35(1):39-45.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHegazi M, Allebdi M, Almohammadi M, Alnafie A, Al-Hazmi L, Alyoubi S. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in relation to knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding mothers in Rabigh community, Western Saudi Arabia. World Journal of Pediatrics. 2019;15(6):601-609.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLu P, Wang J, Jiang W, Qian C, Li N, Zhu X, Wang Y. Feeding status of 0~ 23-month-old infants in poor rural areas of Gansu Province from 2018 to 2019. Wei Sheng yan jiu= Journal of Hygiene Research. 2020 Sep 1;49(5):731-43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1):\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge about breast-feeding and weaning\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003evariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBest food for the child\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndustrial feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages of Breastfeeding for the Child\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncreases immunity and prevent diseases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncreases intelligence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHelp in early teeth eruption\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrengthens mother-child relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages of breastfeeding for Mother\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCheap\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrengthens mother-child relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNatural contraceptive method\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrevents post-partum hemorrhage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProtects mother from cancer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimum time for initiation of breastfeeding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1/2 -1 hour after delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emore than one hour\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExclusive breastfeeding duration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless than 4 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eup to 4 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eup to 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emore than 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding Age\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless than 1 year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless than 2 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUntil 2 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHumans have colostrum\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eColostrum Beneficent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThoughts about night feeding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eimportant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enot important\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etiring\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition of weaning\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estop breast feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eadded other food type beside breast milk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuitable age of baby to start introducing supplementary feeding.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless than 4 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eafter 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.863849765258216%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.80281690140845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eTable (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e): Attitude towards breast-feeding and weaning\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding prevents the child from infection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;agree \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding is an old fashion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding is more beneficial for infants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding is embarrassing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding strengthening mother-child relationship\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding prevents you from going to work\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding should be stopped during mother illness\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBreastfeeding should be avoided during child illness\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026apos;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eTable (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e) Mother\u0026apos;s practice towards breastfeeding and weaning:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"654\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStart breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eimmediately after delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eduring the first 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eafter 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChild receive any meal before the first breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChild receive any of the colostrum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast feed time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScheduled\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOn demand\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreastfeeding style used commonly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efrom one breast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efrom both breasts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDuration of exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emore than 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStill on exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNight feeds\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStart complimentary feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless than 4 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4-6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eafter 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot yet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContinuation of breast feeding after introducing complimentary feeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStill on exclusive breastfeeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.12977099236641%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"33.43511450381679%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (4): Socio-economic risk factors influencing Knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding and weaning\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.96153846153846%\" rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.871794871794872%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.42948717948718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.012820512820513%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.173076923076923%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.455128205128204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.4807692307692308%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e=\u0026lt; 25 years\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.295\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary school and below\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove primary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.795\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.495\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehousewives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed women\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.051\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.397\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndependently employed\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed women\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.169\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"99.51923076923077%\" colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Reference category good knowledge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.4807692307692308%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.96153846153846%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitude\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.871794871794872%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHome delivery\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.42948717948718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInstitutional delivery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.012820512820513%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.173076923076923%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.615384615384615%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.455128205128204%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.828\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.4807692307692308%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReference\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLower\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUpper\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary school and below\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove primary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.977\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.83982683982684%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e=\u0026lt; 10 000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.89177489177489%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;10 000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.822510822510823%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.324\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.03896103896104%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.441\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.987012987012987%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.770562770562771%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.977\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.6493506493506493%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"99.51923076923077%\" colspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Reference category positive attitude\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"0.4807692307692308%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Breastfeeding, weaning, low socio-economic area, knowledge, attitude, practice, Sudan","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4331724/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4331724/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Breastfeeding is the gold standard of infant and young child feeding and an essential factor for their health and overall well-being. This study aims to assess the influence of socio-economic determinants on knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding and weaning among mothers of children aged two years and below in the suburbs of Khartoum locality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and Methods\u003c/strong\u003e: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 196 mothers of children selected through systematic random sampling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Around 53% of participants had good knowledge on breastfeeding and weaning, and 60% of respondent had positive attitude towards breastfeeding and weaning. With regards to practice; breastfeeding initiation during the first hour was practiced by 94%, approximately 8% of participants had given pre-lacteal feed, colostrum feeding was done by 86.7%, around22% of women fed their child from one side until the whole breast is emptied out, 41% of mothers practicing breastfeeding on demand, 45% mothers had practiced or were currently practicing exclusive breastfeeding, almost 29% started introducing complementary food after the age of 6 month, and the most common types of complementary food introduced were boiled vegetables (94%). Socio-economic status significantly associated with poor knowledge were age below 25 years (p=0.007), primary education and below (p= 0.000) and mothers working in marginal business (p=0.008). While negative attitude was significantly associated with primary school education and below (p =0.04) and income of \u0026lt; or =10 000 Sudanese pounds per months (p =0.05). Mothers on marginal business jobs were more likely to have poor knowledge when compared to employed women (OR= 7.3, p 0.034). Those of primary education and below were likely to have poor knowledge than those with education level of secondary school and above (OR=4.8, p= 0.000). Whereas, those younger than 25years were more likely to have poor knowledge than older mothers (OR=2, p 0.026). Mothers who delivered at home had lower knowledge levels as to those who gave birth in a health institute (OR=2, p=0.019).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion and recommendation: \u003c/strong\u003eThere is a need for mass education campaigns to promote optimal breastfeeding and weaning practices coupled with counseling during antenatal and postnatal periods\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"KAP study on Breastfeeding and Weaning in a Low Socio-economic Area in Sudan, 2020-2021","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-13 15:41:52","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4331724/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"45265dff-bfba-4f3a-9d6a-878967873121","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-13T06:45:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-13 15:41:52","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4331724","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4331724","identity":"rs-4331724","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}