Hybrid multi-mode atmospheric coefficients of secondary cosmic muons measured with portable muon telescope at DEASA, Agra

Hybrid multi-mode atmospheric coefficients of secondary cosmic muons measured with portable muon telescope at DEASA, Agra | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Hybrid multi-mode atmospheric coefficients of secondary cosmic muons measured with portable muon telescope at DEASA, Agra Surjeet Baghel, Shivam Kulshrestha, Sonali Bhatnagar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7009413/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study examines how atmospheric conditions - pressure, temperature, and humidity influence cosmic ray (CR) muons using daily and monthly data collected with portable muon detectors at the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, from 2016 onward. Two detector setups were used, with solid angles of 0.06 sr and 0.15 sr, both maintaining a 15 cm separation. The first setup collected data in 2019, before COVID-19, and the second recorded data in 2022, post-COVID-19. The study examines how atmospheric factors such as pressure, temperature, and humidity influence cosmic ray (CR) muon intensity over different time scales, including daily and monthly variations. The results show that both pressure and temperature have a negative effect on muon intensity, whereas relative humidity has a positive effect. A comparison with Thailand neutron monitor data indicates that neutron-muon flux correlations with a weak correlation coefficient $0.06\ %/\text{mbar}$ in 2019. and strong correlation $0.16\ %/\text{mbar}$ in 2022. These changes can be associated with Solar Cycle 24 (low solar activity, higher muon flux) to Solar Cycle 25( increasing solar activity, stronger solar modulation). These findings highlight the necessity of accurate atmospheric corrections in cosmic ray research and enhance our understanding of how environmental factors influence muon flux variations. Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Physics Earth and environmental sciences/Space physics Cosmic rays muon flux Pressure temperature relative humidity Multivariate analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7009413","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":484317901,"identity":"4781b88a-33df-4db5-8ee5-b55191198067","order_by":0,"name":"Surjeet Baghel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Surjeet","middleName":"","lastName":"Baghel","suffix":""},{"id":484317902,"identity":"b5dc7f72-c695-4857-9d63-3d486d77a025","order_by":1,"name":"Shivam Kulshrestha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shivam","middleName":"","lastName":"Kulshrestha","suffix":""},{"id":484317903,"identity":"05ee6030-356d-4dd3-8006-de1b71048c94","order_by":2,"name":"Sonali Bhatnagar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABE0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBwYHEmBsOYYDjA0gBg9eLQkgLWwQtjGRWhgQWhIbDhBwk3x778EPCQV38vjn9x78+KXmXnrf8eYGhh81DDLmOLQYnDmXLJFg8KxY4hhfsrTMseLcmWcONjD2HGPgsWzAoUUixwCo5XBiwzEeA2kJtoTcDTcSGxh4Gxh4DHC4UH5GjvEPkJb5x3iMf0v8S0g3uP+wgfEvHi0MN3LMwLZsOMZjJvmxLSHB4AZjAzM+WwzOnDGzAPolceOxHDNrxr4Ew5lnEhsOyxyTwO2w9h7jGx/+3Emcd/iM8c0f3xLk+Y4ff/jwTY2NPU6HIQNmWPQBFUsQoR4IGH8Qp24UjIJRMApGGAAAl85lYpjWec0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Dayalbagh Educational Institute","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sonali","middleName":"","lastName":"Bhatnagar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-30 10:23:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7009413/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7009413/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89943201,"identity":"d53205aa-f91d-444b-9bd0-60ce912110b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-26 16:31:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2431575,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ScientificRep.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7009413/v1_covered_15b3ff04-30fd-44b4-ad2b-cbc9332a7a3a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Hybrid multi-mode atmospheric coefficients of secondary cosmic muons measured with portable muon telescope at DEASA, Agra","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cosmic rays, muon flux, Pressure, temperature, relative humidity, Multivariate analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7009413/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7009413/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study examines how atmospheric conditions - pressure, temperature, and humidity influence cosmic ray (CR) muons using daily and monthly data collected with portable muon detectors at the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, from 2016 onward. 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