Spiritual care needs attributes among hospitalized patients with breast cancer based on Kano model approach: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Purpose: To qualitatively analyze spiritual care needs attributes among hospitalized patients with breast cancer based on Kano model approach, in order to provide a reference for formulating intervention measures to meet their spiritual care needs. Methods: A descriptive design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used as the foundation of the study. The sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, and an questionnaire on spiritual care needs attributes among hospitalized patients with breast cancer based on Kano model approach were used. A total of 357 hospitalized patients with breast cancer from three tertiary grade-A hospitals in China were investigated by using convenience sampling. Descriptive, maximum frequency, importance-satisfaction matrix, and blue-sea strategy analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the 12 items of spiritual care needs among hospitalized patients with breast cancer, 3 items (25.0%) were attractive attributes, all of which were located in reserving zone IV; 5 items (41.7%) were one-dimensional attributes, of which 3 were located in predominance zone I, 2 were located in improving zone II; 2 items (16.7%) were must-be attributes, all of which were located in improving zone II; 2 items (16.7%) were indifference attributes, all of which were located in secondary improving zone III. Conclusion: The must-be and one-dimensional attributes of spiritual care needs among 357 hospitalized patients with breast cancer mainly focus on creating a good atmosphere and sharing self-perception dimensions, while attractive attributes of needs mainly focus on sharing self-perception and helping thinking dimensions. It is suggested that hospital managers should develop and innovate attractive attributes of needs on the basis of maintaining and perfecting must-be and one-dimensional attributes of needs, and objectively analyze and optimize indifference attributes of needs.