Stillbirth, prevalence and related factors: suggestions for interventions

Stillbirth, prevalence and related factors: suggestions for interventions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Stillbirth, prevalence and related factors: suggestions for interventions Razhan Chehreh, Elham Alizadeh, Fatema Ghiasvand, Zolaykha Karamelahi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5870285/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the rate of stillbirth and its related factors in Ilam province. METHODS In this retrospective study, all cases related to stillbirths in the entire province of Ilam were evaluated in the period of March 2018-February 2022. Sampling was done by census method and using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 32 questions in the field of demographic, maternal, medical history and fetal factors. After completing the questionnaire; the data were analyzed by SPSS software and using descriptive statistics of frequency (percentage), mean and statistical tests of chi-score, Fisher's exact test and multiple linear logistic regressions. RESULTS Out of a total of 29,787 births, 29,575 live births and 212 stillbirths were recorded. The Rate of stillbirth in Ilam province was 7/1 per 1000 live Birth. The results showed that stillbirth was significantly associated with factors such as parents' age, education, gestational age, and history of stillbirths, number and types of prenatal care, care providers, mother's blood group, underlying disease, medical disorders, amniotic fluid abnormalities, birth weight, fetal abnormalities and history of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Since the improvement of important health indicators leads to the improvement of the health of society; therefore, paying special attention to the very important group of pregnant mothers can help in achieving this goal. Providing the most accurate and better care before and during pregnancy according to the existing guidelines; It can help identify cases of stillbirth. It is suggested to establish health insurance for all covered mothers, communicate with mothers in hard-to-reach areas and identify mothers in need; necessary arrangements in existing guidelines to be included. Stillbirth Care Prevalence pregnancy Figures Figure 1 Introduction Stillbirth, with numerous and significant complications, imposes a heavy burden on families and communities. Stillbirth is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of care before, during and after delivery.1 The stillbirth rate varies considerably in different countries. Worldwide in 2015, about 2.6 million (ranges from 2.08 million to 3.79 million) women; have experienced stillbirth, 1.3 million of which occurred during childbirth. Also, 98% of stillbirths occurred in low- and middle-income countries.2, 3 The stillbirth rate in the Middle East has varied from 10 to 20 per 1000 births. Also, in high-income countries, one out of 200 pregnancies leads to stillbirth.4 Although stillbirth rates have declined in high-income countries, rates have remained stable or declined slightly in these countries over the past 2 decades.5 In many cases, it is difficult to determine the exact cause of fetal death and therefore the cause of death is classified as "unexplained". The prevalence of stillbirth of unknown cause ranges from 25–60%.6 Identifiable causes can be attributed to maternal, fetal, and placental conditions. Previous studies have reported various factors related to stillbirth. The old age of the mother, high body mass index before pregnancy, smoking, less than four visits before pregnancy, restriction of intrauterine fetal growth, low socio-economic status, low birth weight, maternal anemia, maternal malnutrition, poor antenatal care, multiparity, maternal fever, antepartum hemorrhage and maternal infections are mentioned.7–11 In the study by Khalili et al. (2020), which evaluated the data of the Iranian maternal and newborn center between 2014 and 2016, the stillbirth rate in 2014 was 7.40 per 1000 births, and 7.22 and 7.63 per 1000 births in 2015 and 2016 respectively.2 Jahani et al. (2015), evaluated the causes related to the stillbirth rate, reported a stillbirth rate of 11.7 per 1000 births, which is related to factors such as gender, the number of fetuses in multiple pregnancies, congenital abnormalities and maternal diseases during pregnancy.12 Mobasri et al. (2016) also reported the stillbirth rate as 19.8 per 1000 births in the results of their study, and asphyxia with the highest percentage was the most important cause of stillbirth.13 Stillbirth leads to severe psychosocial consequences for parents, including anxiety, long-term depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.14, 15 Also, the risk of stillbirth is higher in women with a previous history of stillbirth.16, 17 Therefore, reducing the global burden of stillbirth requires a clear understanding of the cause and factors related to it through strategic interventions.18 Studies on the investigation of risk factors are considered as prerequisite for preventing the increase of health-threatening events in communities, so they can be helpful in reviewing care or designing appropriate health interventions. Given that stillbirth is one of the important health indicators in society and its rate in developing and low-income countries is the most important problem affecting the health of mothers and children, this study aims to answer the question "What is the rate of stillbirth and what are the most important factors associated with it?" and provide a suitable guide for examining care and designing effective interventions. Material & Methods This retrospective study was conducted between March 2018 and February 2021(a 4 years’ period), on all birth records of maternity hospitals and public and private birth centers in Ilam province. All records and information on stillbirth cases were extracted using from the checklist and questionnaires made by the researcher in 3 sections, demographic information, medical history, fertility and information related to stillbirth. Demographic variables included age, education level, employment status, blood type, place of residence, economic status, and ethnicity. Medical history, drug used, and reproductive records including the number of pregnancies, births, abortions, live children, stillbirths, fetuses, and infant deaths. In the third part of the questionnaire, information related to stillbirth was recorded. This section includes gestational age, type of pregnancy (spontaneous/infertility treatment), care before and during pregnancy, number of cares, medical risk factors in the current pregnancy, drug and non-drug interventions before and during delivery, type of delivery (cesarean section). Gestational age more than 20 weeks based on LMP or NT ultrasound was the inclusion criteria, and ambiguity in the gestational age, defects in the record information, were the exclusion criteria. Content validity of the of the researcher-made questionnaire, was don via given it to 10 faculty members of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, and after making corrections, it was used for sampling. Also, to determine the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the internal correlation. The reliability of this tool was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 83%. After completing the questionnaires, the data using SPSS software version 19 and descriptive statistics of frequency (percentage), mean and standard deviation; Chi-score statistical tests, Fisher's exact test and single and multivariate regression were analyzed. This study was conducted based on the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences under the number IR.MEDILAM.REC.1400.145. All participants were assured that their information would remain confidential. Informed written consent was obtained from all the participants who completed the questionnaires. In this study, participants' personal information collected during the consent/data collection processes is stored securely. sampling size and sampling method In this study, sampling was done through census method. All birth records in public and private maternity hospitals and birth centers in Ilam province were reviewed over a 4-year period from March 2018 and February 2021. Results Out of a total of 29,787 births in a period of 4 years in Ilam province, 29,575 live births and 212 stillbirths were recorded. The prevalence of stillbirth in Ilam province was 0.71%. Prevalence in the cities of Ilam 0.76%, Ivan 0.73%, Chardavel 0.65%, Dareh Shahr 0.88%, Abdanan 0.64%, Dehlaran 0.45%, Mehran 0.22% had stillbirths (Table 1) ). The results showed that out of 212 cases of stillbirth, 75% were related to Ilam city, 8% to Dareh Shahr, 4.7% to Dehloran, 4.2% to Shirvan Chardavel, 3.8% to Ivan, 3.3% to Abdanan and 1.4% to Mehran. (Chart No. 1). The rate of stillbirth in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 was 6.3, 6.3, 9.2, 6.7 per thousand live births, respectively. The mean age of mothers in the stillbirth group was 33.42 ± 6.45 and in the control group were 30.78 ± 6.18 years. The mean age of fathers in the stillbirth group was 37.44 ± 7.14 years and in the control, group were 34.42 ± 5.62 years. Stillbirth was more in women older than 30 years. Also, stillbirth was higher in women whose husbands were older than 50 years. Stillbirths were more common among women who had a diploma or lower education than those who had a university education. The findings showed that the age and education level of women and their husbands had a statistically significant relationship with stillbirth (P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of race, mother's employment status, and economic status. The results of multiple logistic regressions on stillbirth showed that demographic variables had no significant effect on stillbirth. (Table No. 3). The mean of pregnancies in the stillbirth group was 2.6 ± 1.4 and in the control group 2.3 ± 1.1 pregnancies. Stillbirths were more common in multiparous women. The mean of gestational age in the stillbirth group was 29.2 ± 5.6 weeks and in the control, group was 38.7 ± 1.3 weeks. The majority (90%) of stillbirths occurred in pregnancies with an age of less than 37 weeks, this rate was 10% in term pregnancies. The results showed that 62.8% of mothers in the stillbirth group had not received prenatal care, and this rate was 11.3% in the control group. In the stillbirth group, 7.5% of cases did not receive any care during pregnancy, while all the mothers in the control group received prenatal care. The findings showed that about 20% of the mothers in the stillbirth group had received 5 cares or mre, and this rate was 99% in the control group. Therefore, 72.5% of the mothers in the stillbirth group had received care less than the standard for the gestational age. In the control group, 86% of the mothers received counseling and prenatal care from health centers and gynecologists, but in the stillbirth group, this rate was 45%. The results showed parity (P = 0.006), gestational age (P < 0.001), pre-pregnancy counseling and care (P < 0.001), start of prenatal care (P < 0.001), number of prenatal care (P < 0.001) and the caregiver (P < 0.001) have a statistically significant relationship with the stillbirth rate (Table 3). The two groups had statistically significant differences in terms of history of stillbirth (P < 0.001). The results showed that 25.5% of the mothers of the stillbirth group and 18.9% of the control group had a history of abortion. In both groups, the majority of births were performed by natural birth, so the two groups had no statistically significant difference in terms of history of abortion (P = 0.06) and delivery method (P = 0.124). The results of multiple regression showed that the risk of stillbirth in Mothers with a gestational age of 38–42 weeks are significantly 75% less than mothers with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks (Table 3). The results showed that 30.2% of stillbirths were associated with amniotic fluid volume disorder (oligo and polyhydramnios), while this rate was 9.4% in the control group. Also, 21.7% of stillbirths had meconium amniotic fluid and 10% had bloody amniotic fluid, while in the control group 11.8 cases of meconium amniotic fluid and no blood cases were reported. Therefore, the two groups had statistically significant differences in terms of amniotic fluid volume and status (P < 0.001). Premature rupture of membranes, the number and the gender of fetuses, were not statistically significantly different in the two groups (Table 4). The results showed that 47.6% of the stillbirth group and 27.4% in the control group had medical disorders respectively. The most common medical disorders were hypothyroidism (19.8%), gestational hypertension (10.4%), diabetes (8%), history of infertility (3.7%), thalassemia (2.8%), preeclampsia (8%). 2.2%) and kidney disease (1.9%). The prevalence of stillbirth in mothers with O blood type (46.2%) was higher than other blood groups. The two groups had statistically significant differences in terms of medical history (P < 0.001) and blood type (P = 0.05). In the stillbirth and control group, 14.2% and 4.2% of mothers were infected with the corona virus during pregnancy, and the two groups had statistically significant difference in terms of getting CVID 19 (P < 0.001) (Table 4). None of the research samples had a history of taking drugs and smoking before and during pregnancy. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of stillbirth in women with a history of coronavirus infection was 2.98 times that of women without infection after controlling for other effects of maternal and neonatal factors. (Table 5). The results showed that in about 80% of the cases, the cause of stillbirth was unknown, and in 13.3% of the cases, fetal diseases and disorders were recorded as the cause of death..(Table 5). Discussion The present study was conducted as the first multicenter study in western Iran with the aim of investigating the prevalence of stillbirth and its related factors. In this study, there were 212 stillbirths among 29,575 live births. After analyzing the data, the prevalence of stillbirth was estimated at 0.72 per thousand live births. This finding is comparable with the results of the study by Khalili et al., who declared the stillbirth rate in Iran to be 7.4 per thousand births2 and also with the study by Konjachen et al., who reported the stillbirth rate in the Middle East to be 7.81 per thousand.19 The rate of stillbirth in different parts of Iran has been reported differently. For example, the stillbirth rate ranges from 88.7 cases per thousand births in Zahedan, 40 cases per thousand births in Ahvaz, 19.8 cases per thousand births in Arak, 11.7 cases in Babil, 9.88 cases per thousand births have been reported in Khorasan provinces ( 3 – 7 ). In Latin America, the stillbirth rate is 14.4 per thousand live births20, 33.3 in Asian countries, and 23.8 cases per thousand live births in African countries.21 The difference in the rate of stillbirth in different parts of Iran and other countries can be caused by the difference in the sample size and the number of investigated centers, the economic-social, cultural status and the difference in the education level of women. Also, the presence of different peaks of the corona pandemic in the mentioned time period can be one of the reasons for the increase in the rate of stillbirths. Also, the results of the present study showed that one of the risk factors for stillbirth is age of the parents. This finding is consistent with the results of the study of Gozide Kar et al., Tesma et al., Jamieh et al., Chipo et al. 22–25 The reasons for the increase in stillbirth rates with increasing maternal age are currently unclear. A possible explanation for this association could be chronic diseases. With increasing age, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes increases.26, 27 Also, as a woman's age increases, both the mother and the baby face the risk of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia, gestational thromboplastin disease, twin pregnancy, and changes such as the increased risk of Down syndrome, which can increase the risk of stillbirth.28, 29 The results showed that the lower the education level of the parents, the higher the stillbirth rate and this relationship is statistically significant. This finding is in line with the results of Auger et al. study in Canada and Simbos et al.'s study in Greece30, 31 and it is contrary to the results of Gozide Kar et al., Iran. 25 Studies show that people with higher education due to higher income, have better health. 30, 32, 33 It seems that in this study, with the increase in the level of education, people's awareness and their access to health services and prenatal care were better than parents with a lower level of education. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between the rate of stillbirth and the care received before and during pregnancy. Failure to receive care or receiving insufficient or late care, and less than standard has increased the rate of stillbirths. This conclusion is consistent with the findings of several other studies. 34–37 Providing care before and during pregnancy can increase diagnosis and management of diseases such as high blood pressure, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes, as well as referral of affected pregnant women to receive more specialized care regarding the type of delivery; help to reduce the rate of stillbirth. 38 In addition, health care providers can educate mothers about the prevention of malformations, prescribe folic acid and also consider prescribing supplements during pregnancy. Screening for congenital abnormalities, as a part of prenatal car, can help reduce the rate of stillbirth.39 The results showed that the rate of stillbirth was higher in pregnant women who received care only from a health care centers compared to mothers who received care from both a health care center and a gynecologist. Most of the research samples had a low economic and income level and received services only from health centers. A possible explanation for the higher rate of stillbirth in these women is the lack of financial ability to visit at the same time, lack of health insurance, or lack of knowledge of necessary specialized care due to not visiting health care centers, because some cases require referral to specialized levels for correct diagnosis and timely treatment. Also, in the investigation of the risk factors of stillbirth, the results of the present study showed that the history of stillbirth is one of the important risk factors for increasing stillbirth. Similar results have been reported in other studies.40, 41 In a systematic review conducted by Lamont et al., it has been shown that the history of stillbirth increases the risk of its recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.41 especially in the early stages (22–28 weeks) has been mentioned in the study of Nijkamp et al. 42 In women who have a history of stillbirth, if they do not receive follow-up care, the possibility of repeating stillbirth is higher due to the lack of diagnosis of its cause, so the need for accurate monitoring of these women in subsequent pregnancies is highlighted. The results of the present study showed that the risk of stillbirth increases in pregnancies less than 28 weeks. This finding is contrary to the results of other studies.43, 44 The results of these studies show that the risk of stillbirth is higher during the end of pregnancy especially if the gestational age is over 40 weeks, this risk will be higher due to the increase of fetal complications. In the present study, the increased risk of stillbirth at gestational ages below 28 weeks may be due to excessive fetal prematurity. Also, the results of the present study showed that the risk of stillbirth is higher in multiparous women, which is consistent with some studies 45, 46 and contrary to others. 44, 47, 48 Since the results of the present study reported a significant relationship between prenatal cares, mother's age, the care givers and stillbirth, a possible explanation may be due to the quality of health care, trained health personnel and the use of different standard protocols for management of health care services from pregnancy to delivery. Also, due to increasing age, multiparous women face more medical disorders that can endanger the health of the fetus, and for this reason, another result obtained from this study was the higher rate of stillbirth in pregnant women who have hypothyroidism and blood pressure disorders. In line with this finding, other studies have been conducted. 23, 49, 50 And in other studies, conflicting results have been obtained 22, 51 that in this study, most of the samples have received high-quality care. In the results of some studies, the rate of stillbirth in women with hypertensive disorders and hypothyroidism has been reported to be twice. 52–54 Blood pressure disorders in pregnancy by affecting the placenta and fetal blood circulation can lead to an increase in the risk of stillbirth. In a study that examined a sample of 1000 pregnant women, it was shown that pregnant women, who had a history of stillbirth, had a history of obvious hypothyroidism more than others.42 Hypothyroidism during pregnancy leads to placental abruption, prematurity and low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies and stillbirth.55 In addition, thyroid disease is very common in Iran, especially among women, and many women of reproductive age are unaware of their disease, despite being infected. Therefore, failure to receive timely and sufficient care and failure to refer to higher specialized levels can lead to non-identification of these mothers and their hypothyroidism can lead to an increase in stillbirths. Amniotic fluid disorders were among other factors related to the increase in stillbirth rate in this study. This finding is in line with the results obtained from other studies.52, 56 In a study, it has been shown that mothers who had polyhydramnios are 13.43 times more at risk of death due to stillbirth than mothers who did not have polyhydramnios.56 In amniotic fluid disorders, the increase in complications such as umbilical cord prolapses, premature birth, fetal distress can lead to an increase in stillbirths. Also, the results of the present study showed that the mother's blood type is one of the risk factors for increasing stillbirth. This finding is consistent with some studies57, 58 and contradicts with others57, 59 Studies have described various reasons for the effects of blood group on pregnancy outcomes. First, blood group antigens play a role in cell signaling, cell recognition, and cell adhesion. As a result, they affect pregnancy outcomes. Second, the risk of certain diseases and infections is related to blood type. This infection may have adverse effects on the health of pregnant women, which can affect pregnancy outcomes. Third, some ABO blood group gene polymorphisms are associated with high levels of some immune and inflammatory mediators that are created in the early implantation of the fetus and subsequent implantation of the placenta.60 Also, due to the above reasons, the incidence of ABO incompatibility is higher in mothers with blood type O, and as a result, fetal consequences can lead to stillbirth. The results of the present study showed that the history of covid-19 infection was one of the risk factors in increasing the stillbirth rate, while the two investigated groups did not have a significant difference in terms of vaccine injection. This finding is in line with the results of the study of Pasternak et al. and Ashish et al. 61, 62 Quarantine following covid-19 has led to changes in healthcare services and thus a profound impact on the general well-being of pregnant women and their pregnancy monitoring. Following this issue, the lack of access to specialized and sub-specialized services, as observed in the studied pregnant women, has led to premature births, low birth weight, and increased stillbirth rates. Strengths and limitations The most important strength of this study is that it was conducted for the first time and can be a valuable basis for future studies. Also, the most important limitation of this study was the lack of access to complete information regarding some stillbirth cases. Also, autopsies are not performed in all cases of stillbirth, and if an autopsy was performed in certain cases at the request of the parents, the information was not available in the hospital records. Conclusion The prevalence of stillbirth in Ilam province (western Iran) is relatively high. The age of the parents and their level of education, not receiving care or receiving insufficient and less than standard prenatal care and late receiving these cares increase the rate of stillbirth. Also, the history of stillbirth, deliveries with an age of less than 28 weeks, multiparity, blood pressure and hypothyroid disorders, amniotic fluid disorders, blood type O, experience with covid-19 are risk factors in increasing the rate of stillbirth. Declarations Suggestion for intervention It is suggested to establish health insurance for all covered mothers, communicate with mothers in hard-to-reach areas and identify mothers in need; necessary arrangements in existing guidelines to be included. Acknowledgments The authors express their gratitude and appreciation to the various vice-chancellors of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Kausar, Qaim and Zagrosaf hospitals, officials and employees of public maternity hospitals and maternity centers in Ilam province, and the participants in this research. Ethics approval and consent to participate The present study was the result of a research project and obtained ethics approval from the code of ethics (IR.MEDILAM.REC.1400.145) from the ethics committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences and obtaining the necessary permits, and then informed consent was obtained from the participants. Data availability Data is provided within the manuscript. Conflict of interest The authors have no conflict of interest in submitting or publishing this article. Contribution of the authors The ideation and design of the work, was done by R, Ch and Z,K. Data collection was done by E, A and F, Gh. Also, the manuscript was written by R, Ch. 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Patel O, Pradhan P, Das P, Mishra SK, Das P Jr. Placental Pathology and Maternal Risk Factors for Stillbirth: A Case-Control Study. Cureus. 2023;15(5). Lamont K, Scott NW, Jones GT, Bhattacharya S. Risk of recurrent stillbirth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;350. Nijkamp JW, Ravelli AC, Groen H, Erwich JJH, Mol BWJ. Stillbirth and neonatal mortality in a subsequent pregnancy following stillbirth: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):11. Rosenstein MG, Cheng YW, Snowden JM, Nicholson JM, Caughey AB. Risk of stillbirth and infant death stratified by gestational age. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(1):76. Lindegren L, Stuart A, Herbst A, Källén K. Stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post-menstrual weeks in relation to gestational duration in pregnancies at 39 weeks of gestation or beyond: the impact of parity and body mass index. A national cohort study. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;129(5):761–8. Dasa TT, Okunlola MA, Dessie Y. Effect of grand multiparity on the adverse birth outcome: A hospital-based prospective cohort study in Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Int J Women's Health. 2022:363–72. Thekrallah F. Obstetrics and perinatal outcome of grand multiparity in Jordan: a case-control study. 2019. Ajong AB, Agbor VN, Simo LP, Noubiap JJ, Njim T. Grand multiparity in rural Cameroon: prevalence and adverse maternal and fetal delivery outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):1–7. Yimer NB, Tenaw Z, Gedefaw A. Pregnancy outcomes in Grand multiparous women: Does parity matter? A comparative study. Ethiop J Reproductive Health. 2020;12(1):11. Ezugwu EC, Eleje GU, Mba SG, Ajah L, Enechukwu C, Ugwu G, et al. The prevalence of stillbirths and the probable causes in low resource settings in south-east Nigeria. Int J Med Health Dev. 2022;27(1):52. Sarani A, Gharibi M, Noori N, Mirparsa F. Evaluation the associated factors with abortion and stillbirth in pregnant women referring to Ali-ebne Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Beyhagh. 2019;24(4):13–24. Turunen S, Vääräsmäki M, Männistö T, Hartikainen A-L, Lahesmaa-Korpinen A-M, Gissler M, et al. Pregnancy and perinatal outcome among hypothyroid mothers: a population-based cohort study. Thyroid. 2019;29(1):135–41. Maleki Z, Ghaem H, Seif M, Foruhari S. Incidence and maternal-fetal risk factors of stillbirth: A population-based historical cohort and a nested case-control study. 2019. Xiong T, Mu Y, Liang J, Zhu J, Li X, Li J, et al. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and stillbirth rates: a facility-based study in China. Bull World Health Organ. 2018;96(8):531. Basta M, Hanif K, Zafar S, Khabazeh A, Amin F, Khan SS et al. Impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on stillbirth and other perinatal outcomes: a multi-center retrospective study. Cureus. 2022;14(3). Han Y, Gao X, Wang X, Zhang C, Gong B, Peng B, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with isolated hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy. Thyroid. 2023;33(5):603–14. Tasew H, Zemicheal M, Teklay G, Mariye T. Risk factors of stillbirth among mothers delivered in public hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci. 2019;19(2):1930–7. Klebanoff MA, Lynch CD. Maternal ABO blood group and stillbirth: a prospective cohort investigation. J Reprod Med. 2014;59(9–10):496–500. Yu J-Y, Jiang B, Zhang X-J, Wei S-S, He W-C. Relationship between maternal ABO blood groups and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Dongguan, China. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2023;43(2):2243508. Chen D, Mao X, Zhang J, Wu L. The impact of maternal ABO blood type on obstetric and perinatal outcomes after frozen embryo transfer. Reprod Biomed Online. 2023;46(4):767–77. Zhao J, Yao Z, Hao J, Xu B, Wang Y, Li Y. Association of ABO blood groups with ovarian reserve, and outcomes after assisted reproductive technology: systematic review and meta-analyses. Reproductive Biology Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):1–10. Pasternak B, Neovius M, Söderling J, Ahlberg M, Norman M, Ludvigsson JF, et al. Preterm birth and stillbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden: a nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(6):873–5. Ashish K, Gurung R, Kinney MV, Sunny AK, Moinuddin M, Basnet O, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study. lancet Global health. 2020;8(10):e1273–81. Tables Table(1): Distribution of stillbirth frequency in Ilam province Total Dehlran, Abdanan Darashahr Mehran Shirvan- Cherdavel Ivan Ilam Annual distribution of stillbirths [k1] / Ilam 8721 592 378 647 343 452 3 5986 All births 2018 55 2 3 4 0 7 305 36 stillbirth 7513 488 260 330 338 327 3 5465 All births 2019 48 2 1 1 1 1 240 39 stillbirth 6896 294 297 503 309 299 1 4811 All births 2021 2020 64 6 1 7 1 1 219 48 stillbirth 6657 601 149 440 362 306 1 4580 All births 2022 2021 45 0 2 5 1 0 1087 36 stillbirth 29787 2175 1084 1920 1352 1384 8 20842 All births total 212 10 7 17 3 9 3 159 stillbirth Table (2): Frequency distribution of demographic characteristics of mothers in two groups variable Stillbirth group control group p-value P=value N (%) N (%) mother's age (years) Less than 20 years 20-30 years 31-40 years More than 40 years (9/1)4 (1/31)66 (7/55)118 (3/11)24 (7/4)10 (2/38)81 (4/51)109 (7/5)12 037/0 Father's age (years) 45/6±42/33 18/6±78/30 001/0 Mother's average age (years) 20-30 years 31-40 years old 41-50 years 50 years older (4/1)3 (4/1020)22 (4/52)111 (8/35)76 (0)0 (8/20)44 (4/56)126 (8/19)42 001/0 Average age of father (years) [k2] [H3] 14/7±44/37 62/5±42/34 001/0 nationality Curd Non-Kurdish (8/86)184 (2/13)28 (0/91)193 (0/9) 19 164/0 Mother's education level illiterate High school diploma university (1/7)15 (8/35)76 (4/27)58 (7/29)63 (8/3)8 (7/13)29 (2/38)81 (3/44)94 001/0 Father's education level illiterate High school diploma university (8/3)8 (73/37)79 (1/31)66 (8/27)59 (0)0 (7/13)29 (2/32)68 (2/54)115 001/0 Mother's employment status employed housewife (3/11)24 (7/88)188 (0/8)17 (0/92)195 25/0 The economic situation weak medium Good (5/33)71 (8/52)113 (7/13)29 (6/40)86 (5/49)105 (9/9)21 239/0 Relative Yes no (1/24)51 (9/75)161 (5/24)52 (5/75)160 50/0 Table (3): Factors related to stillbirth according to demographic characteristics of mothers in two groups (regression) variable Stillbirth group control group OR %95 CI for OR p-value P=value N (%) N (%) mother's age (years) Less than 20 years 20-30 years 31-40 years More than 40 years (9/1)4 (1/31)66 (7/55)118 (3/11)24 (7/4)10 (2/38)81 (4/51)109 (7/5)12 - 0 22/1 72/1 - - 89/7- 19/0 79/8-34/0 - 99/0 83/0 52/0 Father's age (years) 45/6±42/33 18/6±78/30 Mother's average age (years) 20-30 years 31-40 years old 41-50 years 50 years older (4/1)3 (4/1020)22 (4/52)111 (8/35)76 (0)0 (8/20)44 (4/56)126 (8/19)42 - 0 74/0 67/1 - 0 57/4- 12/0 41/4 – 63/0 - 99/0 75/0 30/0 Average age of father (years) 14/7±44/37 62/5±42/34 nationality Curd Non-Kurdish (8/86)184 (2/13)28 (0/91)193 (0/9) 19 Mother's education level illiterate High school diploma university (1/7)15 (8/35)76 (4/27)58 (7/29)63 (8/3)8 (7/13)29 (2/38)81 (3/44)94 - 33/2 15/1 42/0 - 48/13-4/0 64/3 – 37/0 29/1 – 14/0 - 35/0 81/0 13/0 Father's education level illiterate High school diploma university (8/3)8 (73/37)79 (1/31)66 (8/27)59 (0)0 (7/13)29 (2/32)68 (2/54)115 - 18/2 90/0 57/1 - 12/20-24/0 18/3 – 25/0 22/4 – 58/0 - 49/0 87/0 37/0 Mother's employment status employed housewife (3/11)24 (7/88)188 (0/8)17 (0/92)195 25/0 The economic situation weak medium Good (5/33)71 (8/52)113 (7/13)29 (6/40)86 (5/49)105 (9/9)21 - - 89/7- 19/0 79/8-34/0 239/0 Relative Yes no (1/24)51 (9/75)161 (5/24)52 (5/75)160 50/0 Table (4): Frequency distribution of fertility records and maternal and newborn factors in two groups of stillbirth and control variable Stillbirth group N(%) control group N(%) P=value Number of pregnancies 1 Pregnancy 2-3 pregnancies Pregnancy 4 and above (20/22)47 (9/51)110 (9/25)55 (4/27)58 (0/59) 115 (7/13)29 006/0 Average number of pregnancies 4/1±6/2 1/1±3/2 009/0 History of abortion no Yes (5/74)158 (5/25)54 (1/81)172 (9/18)40 06/0 History of stillbirth no Yes (9/84)180 (1/15)32 (0/100)212 (0)0 001/0 gestational age (weeks) Less than 28 weeks 28-38 weeks 38-42 weeks (2/55)117 (0/34) 72 (8/10)23 (0)0 (4.9)20 (6/90)192 001/0 Average gestational age (weeks) LMP sonography 6/5±2/29 6/5±6/28 3/1±7/38 3/1±4/38 001/0 Pre-pregnancy care no Yes (7/37)80 (3/62)132 (7/88)188 (3/11)24 001/0 during pregnancy Care no Yes (5/92)196 (5/7) 16 (0/100)212 (0)0 001/0 Number of cares during pregnancy without care 1 time 2 times 3 times 4 times 5 times and more (5/7)16 (54/6)14 (5/25)54 (5/25)54 (1/15)32 (7/19)42 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)0 (9/0)2 (1/99)210 001/0 Time to start pregnancy care 6-10 weeks old After 10 weeks (1/54)106 (9/45)90 (6/90)192 (4/9)20 001/0 Caring person Health Center Gynecologist and health center Gynecologist without care (6/40)84 (3/45)96 (6/6)14 (5/7)16 (7/13)29 (3/86)183 (0)0 (0)0 001/0 Type of delivery vaginal Cesarean section Childbirth after caesarean section (4/68)154 (8/28)61 (8/2)6 (9/75)161 (1/24)51 (0)0 124/0 Mother's blood group A B AB O (7/29)63 (4/19)41 (7/4)10 (2/46)98 (1/24)51 (1/24)51 (7/12)27 (1/39)83 05/0 Mother's underlying disease Yes no (6/47)101 (4/52)111 (4/27)58 (6/72)154 001/0 Maternal medical disorders Hypothyroidism Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy blood pressure Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia kidney disease Thalassemia History of infertility (8/19)42 (0/8)17 (4/10)22 (8/2)6 (9/1)4 (8/2)6 (7/3)8 (7/12)27 (7/5)12 (7/5)12 (4/2)5 (0)0 (0)0 (0) 001/0 Amniotic fluid volume disorders normal Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios (8/68)148 (1/23)49 (1/7)15 (6/90)192 (2/5)11 (2/4)9 001/0 Premature rupture of fetal membranes Yes no (4/10)22 (6/89)190 (5/7)16 (5/92)196 376/0 Amniotic fluid status bloody meconium Clear (8/10)23 (7/21)46 (5/67)143 (0)0 (8/11)25 (2/88)187 001/0 Gender of the female male (8/53)114 (2/46)98 (1/48)102 (9/51)110 24/0 baby birth weight Less than 2500 grams 2500-4000 grams More than 4000 grams (3/78)166 (3/20)43 (4/1) 3 (7/5)12 (8/86)184 (5/7)16 001/0 The number of fetuses Singleton twins (2/96)204 (8/3)8 (1/98)208 (9/1)4 241/0 Getting infected with covid-19 in pregnancy Yes no (2/14)30 (8/85)182 (2/4)9 (8/95)203 001/0 Corona vaccine injection Sinopharm strzanka Pfizer No injection and exon (5/24)52 (9/0)2 (2/4)9 (3/70)149 (7/21)46 (8/1)4 (2/5)11 (3/71)151 141/0 Table (5): Logistic regression results of maternal and neonatal factors on the risk of stillbirth variable Stillbirth group N(%) control group N(%) OR %95 CI for OR P=value Number of pregnancies 1 Pregnancy 2-3 pregnancies Pregnancy 4 and above (20/22)47 (9/51)110 (9/25)55 (4/27)58 (0/59) 115 (7/13)29 - - - - - - - - - History of abortion no Yes (5/74)158 (5/25)54 (1/81)172 (9/18)40 - 66/1 - 86/3- 71/0 - 24/0 History of stillbirth no Yes (9/84)180 (1/15)32 (0/100)212 (0)0 gestational age (weeks) Less than 28 weeks 28-38 weeks 38-42 weeks (2/55)117 (0/34) 72 (8/10)23 (0)0 (4.9)20 (6/90)192 - 42/1 26/0 - 49/3- 57/0 93/0- 07/0 - 45/0 04/0 Pre-pregnancy care no Yes (7/37)80 (3/62)132 (7/88)188 (3/11)24 22/0 - 63/0- 07/0 - 005/0 - during pregnancy Care no Yes (5/92)196 (5/7) 16 (0/100)212 (0)0 20/1 - 73/485- 003/0 - 95/0 - Time to start pregnancy care 6-10 weeks old After 10 weeks (1/54)106 (9/45)90 (6/90)192 (4/9)20 - 38/6 - 13/263- 02/0 - 55/0 Caring person Health Center Gynecologist and health center Gynecologist without care (6/40)84 (3/45)96 (6/6)14 (5/7)16 (7/13)29 (3/86)183 (0)0 (0)0 85/7 84/0 0 - 20/56- 10/1 07/2- 34/0 0 - 04/0 7/0 99/0 - Mother's blood group A B AB O (7/29)63 (4/19)41 (7/4)10 (2/46)98 (1/24)51 (1/24)51 (7/12)27 (1/39)83 93/5- 13/0 0 05/14- 25/0 - 91/0 99/0 54/0 - Maternal medical disorders Hypothyroidism Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy blood pressure Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia kidney disease Thalassemia History of infertility (8/19)42 (0/8)17 (4/10)22 (8/2)6 (9/1)4 (8/2)6 (7/3)8 (7/12)27 (7/5)12 (7/5)12 (4/2)5 (0)0 (0)0 (0) 51/2-05/0 0 49/3-04/0 82/5- 04/0 99/56-19/0 78/1- 02/0 - 29/0 99/0 39/0 55/0 41/0 15/0 - Amniotic fluid volume disorders Normal Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios (8/68)148 (1/23)49 (1/7)15 (6/90)192 (2/5)11 (2/4)9 - 0 0 - 1 1 Premature rupture of fetal membranes Yes no (4/10)22 (6/89)190 (5/7)16 (5/92)196 Amniotic fluid status Bloody meconium Clear (8/10)23 (7/21)46 (5/67)143 (0)0 (8/11)25 (2/88)187 baby birth weight Less than 2500 grams 2500-4000 grams More than 4000 grams (3/78)166 (3/20)43 (4/1) 3 (7/5)12 (8/86)184 (5/7)16 - 0 0 - 1 1 The number of fetuses Singleton twins (2/96)204 (8/3)8 (1/98)208 (9/1)4 Getting infected with covid-19 in pregnancy Yes no (2/14)30 (8/85)182 (2/4)9 (8/95)203 72/8-01/ -1 047/0 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5870285","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":447186817,"identity":"f2a57eb7-2305-4566-82dc-2f097c96e639","order_by":0,"name":"Razhan Chehreh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Razhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Chehreh","suffix":""},{"id":447186820,"identity":"e6ee363f-5ec5-4dfa-ac2c-683883ce0cc6","order_by":1,"name":"Elham Alizadeh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Elham","middleName":"","lastName":"Alizadeh","suffix":""},{"id":447186823,"identity":"a1704059-77d1-4915-992a-fe37271da89b","order_by":2,"name":"Fatema Ghiasvand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatema","middleName":"","lastName":"Ghiasvand","suffix":""},{"id":447186824,"identity":"fe5d3d7a-9198-4672-b5c5-72da70b6da17","order_by":3,"name":"Zolaykha Karamelahi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHhDBLMfGzNhw4AOQycZOpBZjfnbmgwdngLQwE6klcWY/W/JhCJuABt323oOfbtRYM244zGNw2ObXNnk+ZgbGDx9zcGsxO3MuWTrnWDqzAUhLbt9twzZmBmbJmdvwaLmRYyCdw3aYDaKl5zYjUAsbMy9+Lca/c/6B1AORZc9te2K0mEnnth2WkGxmSzjM8ON2ImEtZ86YWef2pRvwMzMfONjbcDu5jZmxGb9fjvcY3875Zl3fxn+w+cOPP7dt57c3H/zwEY8WVMDYBiYbiFUPAn9IUTwKRsEoGAUjBQAA3QVTu3rfeHcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zolaykha","middleName":"","lastName":"Karamelahi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-21 05:23:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5870285/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5870285/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82072649,"identity":"d815e37f-a502-474d-b1fe-5c85e720c951","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-06 13:25:23","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":189631,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChart (1): Provincial distribution of stillbirth frequency.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5870285/v1/31c207db6a849abd38c8301e.jpeg"},{"id":89476685,"identity":"77e2c0ed-0318-497d-9967-2ce47e010c53","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-20 10:47:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1960735,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5870285/v1/ddf22795-38b0-459b-8c72-03503d8f7cd3.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Stillbirth, prevalence and related factors: suggestions for interventions","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eStillbirth, with numerous and significant complications, imposes a heavy burden on families and communities. Stillbirth is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of care before, during and after delivery.1 The stillbirth rate varies considerably in different countries. Worldwide in 2015, about 2.6\u0026nbsp;million (ranges from 2.08\u0026nbsp;million to 3.79\u0026nbsp;million) women; have experienced stillbirth, 1.3\u0026nbsp;million of which occurred during childbirth. Also, 98% of stillbirths occurred in low- and middle-income countries.2, 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe stillbirth rate in the Middle East has varied from 10 to 20 per 1000 births. Also, in high-income countries, one out of 200 pregnancies leads to stillbirth.4 Although stillbirth rates have declined in high-income countries, rates have remained stable or declined slightly in these countries over the past 2 decades.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn many cases, it is difficult to determine the exact cause of fetal death and therefore the cause of death is classified as \"unexplained\". The prevalence of stillbirth of unknown cause ranges from 25\u0026ndash;60%.6 Identifiable causes can be attributed to maternal, fetal, and placental conditions. Previous studies have reported various factors related to stillbirth. The old age of the mother, high body mass index before pregnancy, smoking, less than four visits before pregnancy, restriction of intrauterine fetal growth, low socio-economic status, low birth weight, maternal anemia, maternal malnutrition, poor antenatal care, multiparity, maternal fever, antepartum hemorrhage and maternal infections are mentioned.7\u0026ndash;11\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the study by Khalili et al. (2020), which evaluated the data of the Iranian maternal and newborn center between 2014 and 2016, the stillbirth rate in 2014 was 7.40 per 1000 births, and 7.22 and 7.63 per 1000 births in 2015 and 2016 respectively.2 Jahani et al. (2015), evaluated the causes related to the stillbirth rate, reported a stillbirth rate of 11.7 per 1000 births, which is related to factors such as gender, the number of fetuses in multiple pregnancies, congenital abnormalities and maternal diseases during pregnancy.12 Mobasri et al. (2016) also reported the stillbirth rate as 19.8 per 1000 births in the results of their study, and asphyxia with the highest percentage was the most important cause of stillbirth.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStillbirth leads to severe psychosocial consequences for parents, including anxiety, long-term depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.14, 15 Also, the risk of stillbirth is higher in women with a previous history of stillbirth.16, 17 Therefore, reducing the global burden of stillbirth requires a clear understanding of the cause and factors related to it through strategic interventions.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies on the investigation of risk factors are considered as prerequisite for preventing the increase of health-threatening events in communities, so they can be helpful in reviewing care or designing appropriate health interventions. Given that stillbirth is one of the important health indicators in society and its rate in developing and low-income countries is the most important problem affecting the health of mothers and children, this study aims to answer the question \"What is the rate of stillbirth and what are the most important factors associated with it?\" and provide a suitable guide for examining care and designing effective interventions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material \u0026 Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis retrospective study was conducted between March 2018 and February 2021(a 4 years\u0026rsquo; period), on all birth records of maternity hospitals and public and private birth centers in Ilam province. All records and information on stillbirth cases were extracted using from the checklist and questionnaires made by the researcher in 3 sections, demographic information, medical history, fertility and information related to stillbirth. Demographic variables included age, education level, employment status, blood type, place of residence, economic status, and ethnicity. Medical history, drug used, and reproductive records including the number of pregnancies, births, abortions, live children, stillbirths, fetuses, and infant deaths. In the third part of the questionnaire, information related to stillbirth was recorded. This section includes gestational age, type of pregnancy (spontaneous/infertility treatment), care before and during pregnancy, number of cares, medical risk factors in the current pregnancy, drug and non-drug interventions before and during delivery, type of delivery (cesarean section).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGestational age more than 20 weeks based on LMP or NT ultrasound was the inclusion criteria, and ambiguity in the gestational age, defects in the record information, were the exclusion criteria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent validity of the of the researcher-made questionnaire, was don via given it to 10 faculty members of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, and after making corrections, it was used for sampling. Also, to determine the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the internal correlation. The reliability of this tool was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 83%. After completing the questionnaires, the data using SPSS software version 19 and descriptive statistics of frequency (percentage), mean and standard deviation; Chi-score statistical tests, Fisher's exact test and single and multivariate regression were analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted based on the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences under the number IR.MEDILAM.REC.1400.145. All participants were assured that their information would remain confidential. Informed written consent was obtained from all the participants who completed the questionnaires. In this study, participants' personal information collected during the consent/data collection processes is stored securely.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003esampling size and sampling method\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, sampling was done through census method. All birth records in public and private maternity hospitals and birth centers in Ilam province were reviewed over a 4-year period from March 2018 and February 2021.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOut of a total of 29,787 births in a period of 4 years in Ilam province, 29,575 live births and 212 stillbirths were recorded. The prevalence of stillbirth in Ilam province was 0.71%. Prevalence in the cities of Ilam 0.76%, Ivan 0.73%, Chardavel 0.65%, Dareh Shahr 0.88%, Abdanan 0.64%, Dehlaran 0.45%, Mehran 0.22% had stillbirths (Table\u0026nbsp;1) ). The results showed that out of 212 cases of stillbirth, 75% were related to Ilam city, 8% to Dareh Shahr, 4.7% to Dehloran, 4.2% to Shirvan Chardavel, 3.8% to Ivan, 3.3% to Abdanan and 1.4% to Mehran. (Chart No. 1). The rate of stillbirth in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 was 6.3, 6.3, 9.2, 6.7 per thousand live births, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean age of mothers in the stillbirth group was 33.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.45 and in the control group were 30.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.18 years. The mean age of fathers in the stillbirth group was 37.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.14 years and in the control, group were 34.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.62 years. Stillbirth was more in women older than 30 years. Also, stillbirth was higher in women whose husbands were older than 50 years. Stillbirths were more common among women who had a diploma or lower education than those who had a university education. The findings showed that the age and education level of women and their husbands had a statistically significant relationship with stillbirth (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of race, mother's employment status, and economic status. The results of multiple logistic regressions on stillbirth showed that demographic variables had no significant effect on stillbirth. (Table No. 3). The mean of pregnancies in the stillbirth group was 2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4 and in the control group 2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.1 pregnancies. Stillbirths were more common in multiparous women. The mean of gestational age in the stillbirth group was 29.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.6 weeks and in the control, group was 38.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3 weeks. The majority (90%) of stillbirths occurred in pregnancies with an age of less than 37 weeks, this rate was 10% in term pregnancies. The results showed that 62.8% of mothers in the stillbirth group had not received prenatal care, and this rate was 11.3% in the control group. In the stillbirth group, 7.5% of cases did not receive any care during pregnancy, while all the mothers in the control group received prenatal care. The findings showed that about 20% of the mothers in the stillbirth group had received 5 cares or mre, and this rate was 99% in the control group. Therefore, 72.5% of the mothers in the stillbirth group had received care less than the standard for the gestational age.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the control group, 86% of the mothers received counseling and prenatal care from health centers and gynecologists, but in the stillbirth group, this rate was 45%. The results showed parity (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.006), gestational age (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), pre-pregnancy counseling and care (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), start of prenatal care (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), number of prenatal care (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and the caregiver (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) have a statistically significant relationship with the stillbirth rate (Table\u0026nbsp;3). The two groups had statistically significant differences in terms of history of stillbirth (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The results showed that 25.5% of the mothers of the stillbirth group and 18.9% of the control group had a history of abortion. In both groups, the majority of births were performed by natural birth, so the two groups had no statistically significant difference in terms of history of abortion (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.06) and delivery method (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.124). The results of multiple regression showed that the risk of stillbirth in Mothers with a gestational age of 38\u0026ndash;42 weeks are significantly 75% less than mothers with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks (Table\u0026nbsp;3). The results showed that 30.2% of stillbirths were associated with amniotic fluid volume disorder (oligo and polyhydramnios), while this rate was 9.4% in the control group. Also, 21.7% of stillbirths had meconium amniotic fluid and 10% had bloody amniotic fluid, while in the control group 11.8 cases of meconium amniotic fluid and no blood cases were reported. Therefore, the two groups had statistically significant differences in terms of amniotic fluid volume and status (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Premature rupture of membranes, the number and the gender of fetuses, were not statistically significantly different in the two groups (Table\u0026nbsp;4). The results showed that 47.6% of the stillbirth group and 27.4% in the control group had medical disorders respectively. The most common medical disorders were hypothyroidism (19.8%), gestational hypertension (10.4%), diabetes (8%), history of infertility (3.7%), thalassemia (2.8%), preeclampsia (8%). 2.2%) and kidney disease (1.9%). The prevalence of stillbirth in mothers with O blood type (46.2%) was higher than other blood groups. The two groups had statistically significant differences in terms of medical history (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and blood type (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). In the stillbirth and control group, 14.2% and 4.2% of mothers were infected with the corona virus during pregnancy, and the two groups had statistically significant difference in terms of getting CVID 19 (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) (Table\u0026nbsp;4). None of the research samples had a history of taking drugs and smoking before and during pregnancy. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of stillbirth in women with a history of coronavirus infection was 2.98 times that of women without infection after controlling for other effects of maternal and neonatal factors. (Table\u0026nbsp;5).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results showed that in about 80% of the cases, the cause of stillbirth was unknown, and in 13.3% of the cases, fetal diseases and disorders were recorded as the cause of death..(Table\u0026nbsp;5).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study was conducted as the first multicenter study in western Iran with the aim of investigating the prevalence of stillbirth and its related factors. In this study, there were 212 stillbirths among 29,575 live births. After analyzing the data, the prevalence of stillbirth was estimated at 0.72 per thousand live births. This finding is comparable with the results of the study by Khalili et al., who declared the stillbirth rate in Iran to be 7.4 per thousand births2 and also with the study by Konjachen et al., who reported the stillbirth rate in the Middle East to be 7.81 per thousand.19 The rate of stillbirth in different parts of Iran has been reported differently. For example, the stillbirth rate ranges from 88.7 cases per thousand births in Zahedan, 40 cases per thousand births in Ahvaz, 19.8 cases per thousand births in Arak, 11.7 cases in Babil, 9.88 cases per thousand births have been reported in Khorasan provinces (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). In Latin America, the stillbirth rate is 14.4 per thousand live births20, 33.3 in Asian countries, and 23.8 cases per thousand live births in African countries.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe difference in the rate of stillbirth in different parts of Iran and other countries can be caused by the difference in the sample size and the number of investigated centers, the economic-social, cultural status and the difference in the education level of women. Also, the presence of different peaks of the corona pandemic in the mentioned time period can be one of the reasons for the increase in the rate of stillbirths.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlso, the results of the present study showed that one of the risk factors for stillbirth is age of the parents. This finding is consistent with the results of the study of Gozide Kar et al., Tesma et al., Jamieh et al., Chipo et al. 22\u0026ndash;25 The reasons for the increase in stillbirth rates with increasing maternal age are currently unclear. A possible explanation for this association could be chronic diseases. With increasing age, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes increases.26, 27 Also, as a woman's age increases, both the mother and the baby face the risk of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia, gestational thromboplastin disease, twin pregnancy, and changes such as the increased risk of Down syndrome, which can increase the risk of stillbirth.28, 29\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results showed that the lower the education level of the parents, the higher the stillbirth rate and this relationship is statistically significant. This finding is in line with the results of Auger et al. study in Canada and Simbos et al.'s study in Greece30, 31 and it is contrary to the results of Gozide Kar et al., Iran. 25 Studies show that people with higher education due to higher income, have better health. 30, 32, 33 It seems that in this study, with the increase in the level of education, people's awareness and their access to health services and prenatal care were better than parents with a lower level of education.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results also showed that there is a significant relationship between the rate of stillbirth and the care received before and during pregnancy. Failure to receive care or receiving insufficient or late care, and less than standard has increased the rate of stillbirths. This conclusion is consistent with the findings of several other studies. 34\u0026ndash;37 Providing care before and during pregnancy can increase diagnosis and management of diseases such as high blood pressure, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes, as well as referral of affected pregnant women to receive more specialized care regarding the type of delivery; help to reduce the rate of stillbirth. 38 In addition, health care providers can educate mothers about the prevention of malformations, prescribe folic acid and also consider prescribing supplements during pregnancy. Screening for congenital abnormalities, as a part of prenatal car, can help reduce the rate of stillbirth.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results showed that the rate of stillbirth was higher in pregnant women who received care only from a health care centers compared to mothers who received care from both a health care center and a gynecologist. Most of the research samples had a low economic and income level and received services only from health centers. A possible explanation for the higher rate of stillbirth in these women is the lack of financial ability to visit at the same time, lack of health insurance, or lack of knowledge of necessary specialized care due to not visiting health care centers, because some cases require referral to specialized levels for correct diagnosis and timely treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlso, in the investigation of the risk factors of stillbirth, the results of the present study showed that the history of stillbirth is one of the important risk factors for increasing stillbirth. Similar results have been reported in other studies.40, 41 In a systematic review conducted by Lamont et al., it has been shown that the history of stillbirth increases the risk of its recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.41 especially in the early stages (22\u0026ndash;28 weeks) has been mentioned in the study of Nijkamp et al. 42 In women who have a history of stillbirth, if they do not receive follow-up care, the possibility of repeating stillbirth is higher due to the lack of diagnosis of its cause, so the need for accurate monitoring of these women in subsequent pregnancies is highlighted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of the present study showed that the risk of stillbirth increases in pregnancies less than 28 weeks. This finding is contrary to the results of other studies.43, 44 The results of these studies show that the risk of stillbirth is higher during the end of pregnancy especially if the gestational age is over 40 weeks, this risk will be higher due to the increase of fetal complications. In the present study, the increased risk of stillbirth at gestational ages below 28 weeks may be due to excessive fetal prematurity. Also, the results of the present study showed that the risk of stillbirth is higher in multiparous women, which is consistent with some studies 45, 46 and contrary to others. 44, 47, 48 Since the results of the present study reported a significant relationship between prenatal cares, mother's age, the care givers and stillbirth, a possible explanation may be due to the quality of health care, trained health personnel and the use of different standard protocols for management of health care services from pregnancy to delivery. Also, due to increasing age, multiparous women face more medical disorders that can endanger the health of the fetus, and for this reason, another result obtained from this study was the higher rate of stillbirth in pregnant women who have hypothyroidism and blood pressure disorders. In line with this finding, other studies have been conducted. 23, 49, 50 And in other studies, conflicting results have been obtained 22, 51 that in this study, most of the samples have received high-quality care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the results of some studies, the rate of stillbirth in women with hypertensive disorders and hypothyroidism has been reported to be twice. 52\u0026ndash;54 Blood pressure disorders in pregnancy by affecting the placenta and fetal blood circulation can lead to an increase in the risk of stillbirth. In a study that examined a sample of 1000 pregnant women, it was shown that pregnant women, who had a history of stillbirth, had a history of obvious hypothyroidism more than others.42 Hypothyroidism during pregnancy leads to placental abruption, prematurity and low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital anomalies and stillbirth.55 In addition, thyroid disease is very common in Iran, especially among women, and many women of reproductive age are unaware of their disease, despite being infected. Therefore, failure to receive timely and sufficient care and failure to refer to higher specialized levels can lead to non-identification of these mothers and their hypothyroidism can lead to an increase in stillbirths.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmniotic fluid disorders were among other factors related to the increase in stillbirth rate in this study. This finding is in line with the results obtained from other studies.52, 56 In a study, it has been shown that mothers who had polyhydramnios are 13.43 times more at risk of death due to stillbirth than mothers who did not have polyhydramnios.56 In amniotic fluid disorders, the increase in complications such as umbilical cord prolapses, premature birth, fetal distress can lead to an increase in stillbirths. Also, the results of the present study showed that the mother's blood type is one of the risk factors for increasing stillbirth. This finding is consistent with some studies57, 58 and contradicts with others57, 59 Studies have described various reasons for the effects of blood group on pregnancy outcomes. First, blood group antigens play a role in cell signaling, cell recognition, and cell adhesion. As a result, they affect pregnancy outcomes. Second, the risk of certain diseases and infections is related to blood type. This infection may have adverse effects on the health of pregnant women, which can affect pregnancy outcomes. Third, some ABO blood group gene polymorphisms are associated with high levels of some immune and inflammatory mediators that are created in the early implantation of the fetus and subsequent implantation of the placenta.60 Also, due to the above reasons, the incidence of ABO incompatibility is higher in mothers with blood type O, and as a result, fetal consequences can lead to stillbirth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of the present study showed that the history of covid-19 infection was one of the risk factors in increasing the stillbirth rate, while the two investigated groups did not have a significant difference in terms of vaccine injection. This finding is in line with the results of the study of Pasternak et al. and Ashish et al. 61, 62 Quarantine following covid-19 has led to changes in healthcare services and thus a profound impact on the general well-being of pregnant women and their pregnancy monitoring. Following this issue, the lack of access to specialized and sub-specialized services, as observed in the studied pregnant women, has led to premature births, low birth weight, and increased stillbirth rates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStrengths and limitations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most important strength of this study is that it was conducted for the first time and can be a valuable basis for future studies. Also, the most important limitation of this study was the lack of access to complete information regarding some stillbirth cases. Also, autopsies are not performed in all cases of stillbirth, and if an autopsy was performed in certain cases at the request of the parents, the information was not available in the hospital records.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of stillbirth in Ilam province (western Iran) is relatively high. The age of the parents and their level of education, not receiving care or receiving insufficient and less than standard prenatal care and late receiving these cares increase the rate of stillbirth. Also, the history of stillbirth, deliveries with an age of less than 28 weeks, multiparity, blood pressure and hypothyroid disorders, amniotic fluid disorders, blood type O, experience with covid-19 are risk factors in increasing the rate of stillbirth.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuggestion for intervention\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is suggested to establish health insurance for all covered mothers, communicate with mothers in hard-to-reach areas and identify mothers in need; necessary arrangements in existing guidelines to be included.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors express their gratitude and appreciation to the various vice-chancellors of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Kausar, Qaim and Zagrosaf hospitals, officials and employees of public maternity hospitals and maternity centers in Ilam province, and the participants in this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present study was the result of a research project and obtained ethics approval from the code of ethics (IR.MEDILAM.REC.1400.145) from the ethics committee of Ilam University of Medical Sciences and obtaining the necessary permits, and then informed consent was obtained from the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData is provided within the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflict of interest in submitting or publishing this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContribution of the authors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ideation and design of the work, was done by R, Ch and Z,K. Data collection was done by E, A and F, Gh. Also, the manuscript was written by R, Ch. Analysis and interpretation of data and criticism of the manuscript was done by Z, K.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial Support\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was done with the financial support of Ilam University of Medical Sciences.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eReeske A, Kutschmann M, Razum O, Spallek J. Stillbirth differences according to regions of origin: an analysis of the German perinatal database, 2004\u0026ndash;2007. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11(1):1\u0026ndash;10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKhalili N, Heidarzadeh M, Habibelahi A, Tayefi B, Ramezani M, Rampisheh Z, et al. Stillbirth in Iran and associated factors (2014\u0026ndash;2016): A population-based study. 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Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(5):1151\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAminu M, van den Bar-Zeev S. Cause of and factors associated with stillbirth: a systematic review of classification systems. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(5):519\u0026ndash;28.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKunjachen Maducolil M, Abid H, Lobo RM, Chughtai AQ, Afzal AM, Saleh HAH, et al. Risk factors and classification of stillbirth in a Middle Eastern population: a retrospective study. J Perinat Med. 2018;46(9):1022\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePr\u0026uuml;st ZD, Verschueren KJ, Bhikha-Kori GA, Kodan LR, Bloemenkamp KW, Browne JL, et al. Investigation of stillbirth causes in Suriname: application of the WHO ICD-PM tool to national-level hospital data. Global health action. 2020;13(1):1794105.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcClure EM, Saleem S, Goudar SS, Garces A, Whitworth R, Esamai F, et al. Stillbirth 2010\u0026ndash;2018: a prospective, population-based, multi-country study from the Global Network. Reproductive Health. 2020;17(2):1\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChipo C. The Prevalence of Stillbirth and Its Associated Risk Factors at Kitwe Teaching Hospital. J Clin Res. 2023;7:1\u0026ndash;10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJamie AH. Prevalence and determinants of stillbirth in attended deliveries in University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia in 2021. Casp J Reproductive Med. 2022;8(1):9\u0026ndash;14.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesema GA, Tessema ZT, Tamirat KS, Teshale AB. Prevalence of stillbirth and its associated factors in East Africa: generalized linear mixed modeling. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):414.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGozidekar ZGA, Ghotbi F, Ashkriz SH. Karbalaee taher H. Investigating risk factors related to stillbirth in pregnant mothers: a case-control study. IJOGI. 2023;2:74\u0026ndash;83.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSouza ACCd, Borges JWP, Moreira TMM. Quality of life and treatment adherence in hypertensive patients: systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRoh EH. Analysis of multiple chronic disease characteristics in South Koreans by age groups using association rules analysis. Health Inf J. 2022;28(1):14604582211070208.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFrick AP. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Best practice \u0026amp; research Clinical obstetrics \u0026amp; gynaecology. 2021;70:92\u0026ndash;100.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWalker KF, Thornton JG. Advanced maternal age. Obstet Gynecol Reproductive Med. 2016;26(12):354\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTsimbos C, Verropoulou G, Petropoulou D. Socioeconomic inequality and stillbirth rate disparities among native and foreign mothers: evidence from Greece. SN Social Sci. 2022;2(8):140.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAuger N, Del\u0026eacute;zire P, Harper S, Platt RW. Maternal education and stillbirth: estimating gestational-age-specific and cause-specific associations. Epidemiology. 2012:247\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;54.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShakeel A, Kamal A, Ijaz M, Siddiqa M, Tesema GA, Abushal T. Trends and risk factors of stillbirth among women of reproductive age in Pakistan: A multivariate decomposition analysis. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1050136.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZeitlin J, Mortensen L, Prunet C, Macfarlane A, Hindori-Mohangoo AD, Gissler M, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in stillbirth rates in Europe: measuring the gap using routine data from the Euro-Peristat Project. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16:1\u0026ndash;13.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeauclair R, Petro G, Myer L. The association between timing of initiation of antenatal care and stillbirths: a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14(1):1\u0026ndash;10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDi Stefano L, Bottecchia M, Yargawa J, Akuze J, Haider MM, Galiwango E, et al. Stillbirth maternity care measurement and associated factors in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study. Popul health metrics. 2021;19(1):1\u0026ndash;16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAzaare J, Akweongo P, Aryeteey GC, Dwomoh D. Evaluating the impact of maternal health care policy on stillbirth and perinatal mortality in Ghana; a mixed method approach using two rounds of Ghana demographic and health survey data sets and qualitative design technique. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(9):e0274573.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNam JY, Oh SS, Park E-C. The association between adequate prenatal care and severe maternal morbidity among teenage pregnancies: a population-based cohort study. Front Public Health. 2022;10:782143.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSsegujja E, Ddumba I, Andipatin M. An exploration of health workers\u0026rsquo; experiences in providing bereavement care to mothers following a stillbirth: results from a subnational level health system in Uganda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):1\u0026ndash;13.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCallander E, Fox H, Mills K, Stuart-Butler D, Middleton P, Ellwood D, et al. Inequitable use of health services for Indigenous mothers who experience stillbirth in Australia. Birth. 2022;49(2):194\u0026ndash;201.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePatel O, Pradhan P, Das P, Mishra SK, Das P Jr. Placental Pathology and Maternal Risk Factors for Stillbirth: A Case-Control Study. Cureus. 2023;15(5).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLamont K, Scott NW, Jones GT, Bhattacharya S. Risk of recurrent stillbirth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;350.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNijkamp JW, Ravelli AC, Groen H, Erwich JJH, Mol BWJ. Stillbirth and neonatal mortality in a subsequent pregnancy following stillbirth: a population-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRosenstein MG, Cheng YW, Snowden JM, Nicholson JM, Caughey AB. Risk of stillbirth and infant death stratified by gestational age. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(1):76.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLindegren L, Stuart A, Herbst A, K\u0026auml;ll\u0026eacute;n K. Stillbirth or neonatal death before 45 post-menstrual weeks in relation to gestational duration in pregnancies at 39 weeks of gestation or beyond: the impact of parity and body mass index. A national cohort study. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;129(5):761\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDasa TT, Okunlola MA, Dessie Y. Effect of grand multiparity on the adverse birth outcome: A hospital-based prospective cohort study in Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Int J Women's Health. 2022:363\u0026ndash;72.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThekrallah F. Obstetrics and perinatal outcome of grand multiparity in Jordan: a case-control study. 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAjong AB, Agbor VN, Simo LP, Noubiap JJ, Njim T. Grand multiparity in rural Cameroon: prevalence and adverse maternal and fetal delivery outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYimer NB, Tenaw Z, Gedefaw A. Pregnancy outcomes in Grand multiparous women: Does parity matter? A comparative study. 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Thyroid. 2019;29(1):135\u0026ndash;41.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMaleki Z, Ghaem H, Seif M, Foruhari S. Incidence and maternal-fetal risk factors of stillbirth: A population-based historical cohort and a nested case-control study. 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXiong T, Mu Y, Liang J, Zhu J, Li X, Li J, et al. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and stillbirth rates: a facility-based study in China. Bull World Health Organ. 2018;96(8):531.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBasta M, Hanif K, Zafar S, Khabazeh A, Amin F, Khan SS et al. Impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on stillbirth and other perinatal outcomes: a multi-center retrospective study. Cureus. 2022;14(3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHan Y, Gao X, Wang X, Zhang C, Gong B, Peng B, et al. 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J Obstet Gynaecol. 2023;43(2):2243508.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen D, Mao X, Zhang J, Wu L. The impact of maternal ABO blood type on obstetric and perinatal outcomes after frozen embryo transfer. Reprod Biomed Online. 2023;46(4):767\u0026ndash;77.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhao J, Yao Z, Hao J, Xu B, Wang Y, Li Y. Association of ABO blood groups with ovarian reserve, and outcomes after assisted reproductive technology: systematic review and meta-analyses. Reproductive Biology Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):1\u0026ndash;10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePasternak B, Neovius M, S\u0026ouml;derling J, Ahlberg M, Norman M, Ludvigsson JF, et al. Preterm birth and stillbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden: a nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(6):873\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAshish K, Gurung R, Kinney MV, Sunny AK, Moinuddin M, Basnet O, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study. lancet Global health. 2020;8(10):e1273\u0026ndash;81.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table(1): Distribution of stillbirth frequency in Ilam province\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDehlran,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbdanan\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDarashahr\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMehran\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShirvan- Cherdavel\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIvan\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIlam\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnnual distribution of stillbirths\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[k1] / Ilam\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e8721\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e592\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e378\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e647\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e343\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e452\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e5986\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAll births\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2018\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e305\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003estillbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e7513\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e488\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e260\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e330\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e338\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e327\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e5465\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAll births\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e240\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003estillbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e6896\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e294\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e297\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e503\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e309\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e299\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e4811\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAll births\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cdel cite=\"mailto:HP\" datetime=\"2025-04-11T11:18\"\u003e2021\u003c/del\u003e\u003cins cite=\"mailto:HP\" datetime=\"2025-04-11T11:18\"\u003e2020\u003c/ins\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e219\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003estillbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e6657\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e601\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e149\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e440\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e362\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e306\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e4580\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAll births\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cdel cite=\"mailto:HP\" datetime=\"2025-04-11T11:19\"\u003e2022\u003c/del\u003e\u003cins cite=\"mailto:HP\" datetime=\"2025-04-11T11:19\"\u003e2021\u003c/ins\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1087\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003estillbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e29787\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e2175\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1084\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1920\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1352\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1384\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e20842\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAll births\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003etotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e159\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003estillbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTable (2): Frequency distribution of demographic characteristics of mothers in two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"698\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 370px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStillbirth group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econtrol group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;P=value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emother\u0026apos;s age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLess than 20 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e31-40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;More than 40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/31)66\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/55)118\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/11)24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/4)10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/38)81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/51)109\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e037/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e45/6\u0026plusmn;42/33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e18/6\u0026plusmn;78/30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s average age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e31-40 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e41-50 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years older\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/1)3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/1020)22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/52)111\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/35)76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/20)44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/56)126\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/19)42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eAverage age of father (years)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[k2]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[H3]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e14/7\u0026plusmn;44/37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e62/5\u0026plusmn;42/34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enationality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eCurd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNon-Kurdish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/86)184\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/13)28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/91)193\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/9) 19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e164/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s education level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eilliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003euniversity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/7)15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/35)76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/27)58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/29)63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/38)81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/44)94\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s education level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eilliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003euniversity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(73/37)79\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/31)66\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/27)59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/32)68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/54)115\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s employment status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ehousewife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/11)24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/88)188\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/8)17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/92)195\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e25/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe economic situation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eweak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emedium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/33)71\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/52)113\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/40)86\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/49)105\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/9)21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e239/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelative\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 171px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/75)161\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 116px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/24)52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/75)160\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e50/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable (3):\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Factors related to stillbirth according to demographic characteristics of mothers in two groups (regression)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"721\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 271px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStillbirth group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econtrol group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%95 CI for OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value \u0026nbsp; P=value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emother\u0026apos;s age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLess than 20 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e31-40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;More than 40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/31)66\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/55)118\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/11)24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/4)10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/38)81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/51)109\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e22/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e72/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e89/7- 19/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e79/8-34/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e99/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e83/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e52/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e45/6\u0026plusmn;42/33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e18/6\u0026plusmn;78/30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s average age (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e20-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e31-40 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e41-50 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e50 years older\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/1)3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/1020)22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/52)111\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/35)76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/20)44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/56)126\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/19)42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e74/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e67/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e57/4- 12/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e41/4 \u0026ndash; 63/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e99/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e75/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e30/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage age of father (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e14/7\u0026plusmn;44/37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e62/5\u0026plusmn;42/34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enationality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eCurd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNon-Kurdish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/86)184\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/13)28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/91)193\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/9) 19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s education level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eilliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003euniversity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/7)15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/35)76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/27)58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/29)63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/38)81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/44)94\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e33/2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e15/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e42/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e48/13-4/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e64/3 \u0026ndash; 37/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e29/1 \u0026ndash; 14/0\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e35/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e81/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e13/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFather\u0026apos;s education level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eilliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003euniversity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(73/37)79\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/31)66\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/27)59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/32)68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/54)115\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e18/2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e90/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e57/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e12/20-24/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e18/3 \u0026ndash; 25/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e22/4 \u0026ndash; 58/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e49/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e87/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e37/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s employment status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ehousewife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/11)24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/88)188\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/8)17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/92)195\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e25/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe economic situation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eweak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emedium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGood\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/33)71\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/52)113\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/40)86\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/49)105\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/9)21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e89/7- 19/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e79/8-34/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e239/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 145px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelative\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/75)161\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/24)52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/75)160\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e50/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eTable (4): Frequency distribution of fertility records and maternal and newborn factors in two groups of stillbirth and control\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"678\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStillbirth group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econtrol group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP=value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of pregnancies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1 Pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2-3 pregnancies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePregnancy 4 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(20/22)47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/51)110\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/25)55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/27)58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/59) 115\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e006/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage number of pregnancies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e4/1\u0026plusmn;6/2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1/1\u0026plusmn;3/2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e009/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistory of abortion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/74)158\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/25)54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/81)172\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/18)40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e06/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistory of stillbirth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/84)180\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/15)32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/100)212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egestational age (weeks)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLess than 28 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e28-38 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e38-42 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/55)117\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/34) 72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/10)23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4.9)20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/90)192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage gestational age (weeks)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLMP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003esonography\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e6/5\u0026plusmn;2/29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e6/5\u0026plusmn;6/28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3/1\u0026plusmn;7/38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e3/1\u0026plusmn;4/38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-pregnancy care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/37)80\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/62)132\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/88)188\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/11)24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eduring pregnancy Care\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/92)196\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7) 16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/100)212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of cares during pregnancy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ewithout care\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1 time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2 times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e3 times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;4 times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e5 times and more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(54/6)14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/25)54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/25)54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/15)32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/19)42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/0)2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/99)210\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime to start pregnancy care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6-10 weeks old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAfter 10 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/54)106\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/45)90\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/90)192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/9)20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaring person\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHealth Center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGynecologist and health center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Gynecologist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ewithout care\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/40)84\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/45)96\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/6)14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/86)183\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of delivery\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003evaginal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eCesarean section\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eChildbirth after caesarean section\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/68)154\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/28)61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/2)6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/75)161\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e124/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s blood group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/29)63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/19)41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/4)10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/46)98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/12)27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/39)83\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e05/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s underlying disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/47)101\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/52)111\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/27)58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/72)154\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaternal medical disorders\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHypothyroidism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGestational Diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pregnancy blood pressure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePre-eclampsia/eclampsia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ekidney disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eThalassemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHistory of infertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/19)42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/8)17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/10)22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/2)6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/2)6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/12)27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/2)5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmniotic fluid volume disorders\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eOligohydramnios\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePolyhydramnios\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/68)148\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/23)49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/7)15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;(6/90)192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/5)11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/4)9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePremature rupture of fetal membranes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/10)22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/89)190\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/92)196\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e376/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmniotic fluid status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ebloody\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emeconium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eClear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/10)23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/21)46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/67)143\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/11)25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/88)187\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender of the\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/53)114\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/46)98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/48)102\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/51)110\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e24/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebaby\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebirth weight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLess than 2500 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2500-4000 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eMore than 4000 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/78)166\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/20)43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/1) 3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/86)184\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe number of fetuses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eSingleton\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003etwins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/96)204\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/98)208\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e241/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGetting infected with covid-19 in pregnancy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/14)30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/85)182\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/4)9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/95)203\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e001/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorona vaccine injection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eSinopharm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003estrzanka\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePfizer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNo injection and exon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/24)52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/0)2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/4)9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/70)149\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/21)46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/5)11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/71)151\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e141/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable (5): Logistic regression results of maternal and neonatal factors on the risk of stillbirth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"697\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 336px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evariable\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStillbirth group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econtrol group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%95 CI for OR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP=value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of pregnancies\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e1 Pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2-3 pregnancies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePregnancy 4 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(20/22)47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/51)110\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/25)55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/27)58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/59) 115\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistory of abortion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/74)158\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/25)54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/81)172\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/18)40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e66/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e86/3- 71/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e24/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHistory of stillbirth\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/84)180\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/15)32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/100)212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003egestational age (weeks)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLess than 28 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e28-38 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e38-42 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/55)117\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/34) 72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/10)23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4.9)20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/90)192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e42/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e26/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e49/3- 57/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e93/0- 07/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e45/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e04/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-pregnancy care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/37)80\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/62)132\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/88)188\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/11)24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e22/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e63/0- 07/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e005/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eduring pregnancy Care\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/92)196\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7) 16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/100)212\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e20/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e73/485- 003/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e95/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTime to start pregnancy care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e6-10 weeks old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAfter 10 weeks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/54)106\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/45)90\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/90)192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/9)20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e38/6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e13/263- 02/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e55/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaring person\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHealth Center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGynecologist and health center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Gynecologist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ewithout care\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/40)84\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/45)96\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/6)14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/13)29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/86)183\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e85/7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e84/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e20/56- 10/1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e07/2- 34/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e04/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e7/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e99/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMother\u0026apos;s blood group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eAB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/29)63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/19)41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/4)10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/46)98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/24)51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/12)27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/39)83\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e93/5- 13/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e05/14- 25/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e91/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e99/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e54/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaternal medical disorders\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHypothyroidism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eGestational Diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pregnancy blood pressure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePre-eclampsia/eclampsia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ekidney disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eThalassemia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eHistory of infertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/19)42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0/8)17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/10)22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/2)6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/2)6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/12)27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/2)5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e51/2-05/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e49/3-04/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e82/5- 04/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e99/56-19/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e78/1- 02/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e29/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e99/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e39/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e55/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e41/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e15/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmniotic fluid volume disorders\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eOligohydramnios\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003ePolyhydramnios\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/68)148\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/23)49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/7)15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;(6/90)192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/5)11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/4)9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePremature rupture of fetal membranes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/10)22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(6/89)190\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/92)196\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmniotic fluid status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eBloody\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003emeconium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eClear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/10)23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/21)46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/67)143\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(0)0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/11)25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/88)187\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebaby\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebirth weight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eLess than 2500 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e2500-4000 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eMore than 4000 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/78)166\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(3/20)43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(4/1) 3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(7/5)12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/86)184\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(5/7)16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe number of fetuses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eSingleton\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003etwins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/96)204\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/3)8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(1/98)208\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(9/1)4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 65px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGetting infected with covid-19 in pregnancy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/14)30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/85)182\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(2/4)9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e(8/95)203\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 49px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e72/8-01/\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e-1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp dir=\"LTR\"\u003e\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e047/0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Stillbirth, Care, Prevalence, pregnancy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5870285/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5870285/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjective\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to investigate the rate of stillbirth and its related factors in Ilam province.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMETHODS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this retrospective study, all cases related to stillbirths in the entire province of Ilam were evaluated in the period of March 2018-February 2022. Sampling was done by census method and using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 32 questions in the field of demographic, maternal, medical history and fetal factors. After completing the questionnaire; the data were analyzed by SPSS software and using descriptive statistics of frequency (percentage), mean and statistical tests of chi-score, Fisher's exact test and multiple linear logistic regressions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRESULTS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of a total of 29,787 births, 29,575 live births and 212 stillbirths were recorded. The Rate of stillbirth in Ilam province was 7/1 per 1000 live Birth. The results showed that stillbirth was significantly associated with factors such as parents' age, education, gestational age, and history of stillbirths, number and types of prenatal care, care providers, mother's blood group, underlying disease, medical disorders, amniotic fluid abnormalities, birth weight, fetal abnormalities and history of COVID-19.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCONCLUSIONS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the improvement of important health indicators leads to the improvement of the health of society; therefore, paying special attention to the very important group of pregnant mothers can help in achieving this goal. Providing the most accurate and better care before and during pregnancy according to the existing guidelines; It can help identify cases of stillbirth. It is suggested to establish health insurance for all covered mothers, communicate with mothers in hard-to-reach areas and identify mothers in need; necessary arrangements in existing guidelines to be included.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Stillbirth, prevalence and related factors: suggestions for interventions","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-06 13:17:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5870285/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fc6c8350-10ec-4373-867d-aec6d24920cb","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-20T10:39:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-06 13:17:18","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5870285","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5870285","identity":"rs-5870285","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}