Assessment of terminal heat stress on yield and grain parameter in Wheat

Assessment of terminal heat stress on yield and grain parameter in Wheat | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessment of terminal heat stress on yield and grain parameter in Wheat Rounak Kumar, Mankesh Kumar, Prakash Singh, Apurba Pal, Manish Kumar Vishwakarma, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9331250/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Screening of wheat entries for terminal heat tolerance can be performed using yield performance along with various grain parameters including grain area, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, and grain perimeter. In the present study, adverse effect of terminal heat stress on grains was quantified by measuring yield and grain parameters of diverse and selected wheat genotypes under staggered sowing environments for three consecutive years. Some of the entries performed well in late sown due to little variation in grain parameters namely grain length, grain width and grain diameter. Regression and correlation coefficient analysis showed that these three parameters positively influenced yield through grain roundness. In the first year, 100 diverse genotypes were screened under timely and late sown conditions for yield and grain parameters. This study suggested a further preliminary yield trial of the shortlisted 21 genotypes under late-sown. This study resulted in six promising genotypes for further evaluation in three distinct sowing environments. In last years’ study, plant height, tiller per meter and 1000-grain weight showed higher variability under very-late sown. The correlation coefficient varied from positive to negative and vice versa across different sowing environments. However, the majority of grain parameters showed a positive association among them. Regression analysis confirmed that grain area, grain diameter and grain width positively impacted yield under late sown. These grain parameters can be promoted as selection criteria for screening of terminal heat-tolerant wheat. Two promising entries namely 46 (GID:7631433) and 92 (GID:8247009) were considered donor for heat-tolerant and developing segregating families using them are under process. Grain area Grain diameter Grain perimeter Regression coefficient Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1. Introduction Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereals contributing to the daily diet requirements of two billion people and covers over 800 Mha acreage across the globe. Global warming and climate fluctuations may increase temperature by 1-4 o C that affects wheat productivity and yield loss by 4–6% (Liu et al. 2016 ). High ambient temperature during flowering and grain filling is one of the major limiting factor and setback for global wheat production. It hampers photosynthesis partitioning, metabolic activities and pollen viability (Fatima et al. 2020 ). It resulted in lower accumulation of photosynthates in sink causing shriveled grains and reduction in yield (Sattar et al. 2017). Higher terminal heat stress induces the production of reaction oxygen species (ROS) that have negative effect on growth and development of wheat plant which is controlled by ROS scavenging enzymes i.e antioxidants that defines the tolerant nature of plants against heat (Zandalians et al. 2017). Since decades, wheat researchers have been using several heat tolerance indices like tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), relative stress index (RSI), yield stability index (YSI) etc. that is entirely based on yield in stress and normal environments (Rosielle and Hamblin 1981 , Fernandez 1992 ). Variation in grain parameters could be predicated due to heat stress. Comprehensive study on grain parameters like grain area, length, diameter, perimeter and roundness has been required to reveal effect of these parameters on terminal heat stress. Phenomics is a new emerging field which provides various tools and software to generate large amount of data for a particular trait along with different growth stages which is more appropriate for selection of better genotype (Araus and Cairns 2014). Crop phenotyping is a major challenge as it is time consuming, labour demanding as well as required resource person. Image analysis of seeds through arrangement on a flat surface or in specialized holders, reveals key features like estimated size, volume, length, diameter, shape and colour (Singh and Singh 2016). Present study would be an attempt to decipher importance of grain parameter analysis in normal and delayed sown wheat offering promotion of terminal heat tolerant entries. 2. Material and method The present study comprised of 98 elite wheat lines from various yield trials namely Genomic prediction yield trial, Consortium wheat yield trial, Elite spring wheat yield trial, High-temperature wheat yield trial and Semi-arid wheat yield trial of International centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) elite materials along with two checks namely DBW14 and DBW187 (Table S1 ). It was conducted at Wheat section (Plant Breeding), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India. In first year’s, experiment, these genotypes were grown in alpha lattice design in two replications both under timely sown (TS) (29 November 2021) and late sown (LS) (31 December 2021) conditions. It included five columns. Each column consisted of 80 rows accommodating 40 entries (two rows per entries) of 1.5 meters in length and row to row distance was 23 cm in each replication. The grain parameters like grain area (GA in mm), grain length (GL in mm), grain width (GW in mm), average grain diameter (AGD in mm), maximum grain diameter (MxGD in mm), minimum grain diameter (MnGD in mm), grain perimeter (GP in mm), grain roundness (GR in mm) and grain perimeter ratio (GPR in mm) were measured of studied genotypes using grain analyzer (Biovis PSM Seed V6.4, Mumbai, India). Based on grain parameter analysis, published data of HSI on grain filling duration, 1000-grain weight, normal differentiation vegetation index (NDVI) and grain yield and rust and spot blotch disease screening and molecular survey using gene-linked markers, 20 selected entries were planted in 15 December 2022 (LS; Table S2; Kumar et al. 2024 ) for preliminary yield trial having plot size of 4m length and 1.2 m width (six rows). Finally, six entries were selected given in Table S3 and evaluated further in three different environments in 2023-24 i.e. optimum sowing (OS, 20th November 2023), late sowing (LS, 5th December 2023) and extended late sowing (ELS, 20th December 2023) having plot size 2 m length x 2 row in randomized block design with two replications. The standard agronomic practices for wheat under irrigated condition were followed precisely. Data was recorded for grain parameters and phenological traits namely plant height (PH), peduncle length (PDL), spike length (SL), stem girth (cm), tillers per meter (TMS), 1000-grain weight (TGW) and yield per plot (YPP). Statistical analysis The combined analysis of variance was computed for all phenological and grain parameters was conducted following linear mixed model using package “agricolae” (Mendiburu 2014 ; R Core Team 2025) and “metan” package (Olivoto and Lucio 2020). The genotypes and treatments i.e. Date of Sowing (DOS) were treated as fixed factor and their interactions were considered as random factors. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test was also performed to reveal statistical difference among yield performance of studied genotypes. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed for combined as well as individual environment using the corrplot function in Renvironment. The linear regression analysis and scatter plot of yield per plot (YPP) taken as a dependent variable with remaining studied traits considered as independent variables were performed using ‘tidyverse’, ‘coherent rstatix’ (Wickham et al. 2019), and ‘ggplot2’ (Wickham 2016 ) packages in R environment (R Core Team 2025). 3. Results 3.1 Descriptive statistics of grain parameter and yield during 2021-22 experiment ANOVA showed the differences in each genotype for the studied traits and the performance of each genotype in individual environment given in Table 1 . Grain area ranged from 12.23 to 18.91 with grand mean 15.12 in TS; in LS this range was 10.01 to 15.90 with grand mean 13.49 presented in Table 2 . It showed 10.59% reduction in grain area in LS, with entry 5 showing the largest drop in area i.e 30% and entry 76 showed increase in grain area by 8.82% (Table 3 and Table S4). Grain length in TS varied from 4.96 to 6.63 with a mean of 5.76; in LS it has a mean of 5.54 and varied from 4.79 to 6.15. It showed 3.81% reduction in grain length as compared to TS, with entry 5 showing the largest drop in grain length i.e.16.18% and entry 30 showed increase in grain length. Grain width varied from 2.63 to 3.95 with mean 3.21 and 2.42 to 3.34 with mean 2.95 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed 7.95% reduction in grain width in LS condition, with entry 24 showing the 20.49% drop in grain width and entry 85 showed increase in 7.23% grain width. Grain diameter varied from 3.75 to 5.29 with mean 4.30 and 3.5 to 4.48 with mean 4.06 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 5.44% reduction in grain diameter in LS, with entry 5 having 16.28% drop in grain diameter and entry 30 has increment of 4.48%. Grain diameter (minimum) varied from 2.49 to 3.5 with mean 3.03 and 2.19 to 3.18 with mean 2.76 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 26.44% reduction in grain diameter (min) in LS, with entry 24 having 68.12% drop in grain diameter (min) and entry 28 has increment of 17.34%. Grain diameter (maximum) varied from 4.74 to 6.38 with mean 5.64 and 4.66 to 5.99 with mean 5.42 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 12.81% reduction in grain diameter (maximum) in LS, with entry 5 having 91.2% drop and entry 30 has increment of 40.97% in grain diameter (maximum). Grain perimeter varied from 13.23 to 17.46 with a mean of 14.97 in TS and in LS it varied from 12.44 to 15.70 with mean of 14.27. It showed overall 4.61% reduction in grain perimeter in LS, with entry 5 having 14.09% drop in it and entry 76 has increment of 4.92% in grain perimeter. Yield per plot varied from 198.44 to 541.37 with mean of 380.22 and 199.60 to 410.58 with mean of 290.40 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 12.91% reduction in YPPT in LS, with entry 33 having 49.03% drop and entry 84 has increment of 26.27% in YPPT presented in Table 3 . Range and mean of other parameters have been given in Table 2 . Table 1 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for grain parameters in 100 studied CIMMYT entries during Rabi 2021-22 Source of variation Entry Replication Block Rep: Row DOS: Treatment df=99 df=1 df=4 df=38 df=99 TS LS TS LS TS LS TS LS Mean Sum of Square (MSS) GA * 1.809** 1.955** 0.027 0.106 0.239 0.054 0.466 0.304 1.14** GL 0.096** 0.116** 0.000 0.001 0.012 0.003 0.022 0.021 0.054** GW 0.037** 0.040** 0.001 0.002 0.016 0.003 0.013 0.007 0.024** ADG 0.045** 0.052** 0.002 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.017 0.009 0.028** MxGD 0.032** 0.043** 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.010 0.012 0.008 0.026** MnGD 0.094** 0.120** 0.000 0.001 0.007 0.003 0.021 0.021 0.053** GP 0.531** 0.630** 0.011 0.001 0.075 0.028 0.139 0.124 0.03** GR 0.000** 0.001** 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000276 GPR 0.000** 0.000** 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0001 YPP 10850* 4776* 5112 18381 353 243 251 60 3975** *GA= Grain Area (mm 2 ), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Average) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Minimum) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Maximum) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), YPP= Yield per plot (g), TS= Timely sown, LS= Late sown, * and ** indicates significant at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. Table 2 Descriptive statistics of grain parameters in the timely sown (TS) and late sown (LS) condition during Rabi 2021-22 Parameters TS LS Range GM SEm CD Range GM SEm CD GA * 12.23–18.91 15.12 0.44 1.24 10.01–15.90 13.49 0.42 1.18 GL 4.96–6.63 5.76 0.10 0.29 4.79–6.15 5.54 0.11 0.31 GW 2.63–3.95 3.21 0.08 0.22 2.42–3.34 2.95 0.06 0.18 ADG 3.75–5.29 4.30 0.09 0.24 3.50–4.48 4.06 0.07 0.21 MxGD 2.49–3.40 3.03 0.07 0.21 2.19–3.18 2.76 0.07 0.20 MnGD 4.74–6.38 5.64 0.10 0.28 4.66–5.99 5.42 0.11 0.31 GP 13.23–17.46 14.97 0.25 0.69 12.44–15.70 14.27 0.26 0.73 GR 0.79–0.89 0.85 0.01 0.03 0.77–0.89 0.83 0.01 0.03 GPR 0.89–0.94 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.87–0.94 0.91 0.01 0.02 YPP 198.44-541.37 380.22 11.61 32.58 199.60-410.58 290.40 6.35 17.82 *GA= Grain Area (mm 2 ), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), YPP= Yield per Plot (g), GM= Grand mean, SEm= standard error of mean, CD =Critical difference at 5%. Table 3 Comparison of Top 20 promising entries for heat tolerance with their % reduction for grain parameters during Rabi 2021-22 Entry GA GL GW ADG MxGD MnGD GP YPP TS LS % Red. TS LS % Red. TS LS % red TS LS % Red. TS LS % Red. TS LS % Red. TS LS % Red. TS LS % Red. 10 16.35 12.54 23.29 5.82 5.38 7.53 3.47 2.85 17.79 4.44 3.88 12.72 3.26 2.61 64.63 5.68 5.22 46.08 15.38 13.81 10.26 346.46 357.67 -3.23 39 15.39 13.69 11.05 5.87 5.45 7.19 3.16 2.99 5.64 4.36 4.13 5.37 3.02 2.88 13.72 5.78 5.36 42.41 15.18 14.24 6.17 372.68 397.25 -6.59 41 14.85 13.62 8.31 5.64 5.58 1.16 3.18 2.99 5.98 4.25 4.10 3.33 3.04 2.81 23.46 5.54 5.49 4.24 14.80 14.31 3.27 346.06 370.67 -7.11 43 15.10 15.07 0.16 5.85 5.96 -1.81 3.16 3.08 2.55 4.32 4.33 -0.11 2.97 2.90 7.50 5.74 5.86 -11.78 15.15 15.15 -0.01 470.29 342.00 27.28 45 16.37 15.12 7.68 5.75 5.57 3.12 3.54 3.32 6.32 4.41 4.25 3.67 3.34 3.17 16.79 5.66 5.50 16.58 15.35 14.72 4.09 505.68 370.00 26.83 46 15.99 14.57 8.85 5.82 5.71 1.89 3.33 3.09 7.12 4.44 4.26 3.98 3.17 2.93 24.70 5.70 5.60 10.00 15.30 14.83 3.10 484.40 399.17 17.60 47 13.17 12.34 6.30 5.21 5.19 0.40 3.02 2.84 5.90 3.96 3.85 2.75 2.88 2.67 20.92 5.11 5.09 2.43 13.74 13.53 1.55 365.92 267.58 26.87 48 15.22 13.85 9.01 5.62 5.55 1.29 3.31 3.02 8.74 4.34 4.09 5.63 3.17 2.86 31.47 5.50 5.43 7.84 14.83 14.36 3.16 532.80 401.50 24.64 52 13.63 12.78 6.24 5.37 5.33 0.63 3.07 2.93 4.38 4.08 3.94 3.56 2.97 2.73 24.23 5.27 5.19 7.77 14.04 13.76 1.99 411.80 337.67 18.00 53 15.67 12.55 19.93 5.93 5.52 6.93 3.24 2.74 15.28 4.40 3.93 10.71 3.13 2.53 59.84 5.75 5.43 32.95 15.33 13.98 8.84 411.60 342.58 16.77 54 16.59 13.96 15.84 5.99 5.50 8.23 3.32 3.13 5.79 4.47 4.13 7.71 3.18 2.88 29.67 5.74 5.40 34.60 15.40 14.46 6.07 469.38 281.50 40.03 57 13.68 12.53 8.42 5.37 5.08 5.34 3.11 2.88 7.27 4.08 3.82 6.38 2.92 2.74 17.72 5.27 4.92 34.82 14.04 13.33 5.02 460.20 305.75 33.56 58 15.74 14.83 5.83 5.86 5.93 -1.08 3.29 3.03 8.06 4.35 4.32 0.69 3.09 2.82 26.29 5.77 5.83 -6.67 15.29 15.21 0.51 517.28 405.50 21.61 59 15.05 13.68 9.12 5.59 5.52 1.19 3.29 3.00 8.82 4.27 4.09 4.19 3.05 2.82 22.95 5.45 5.42 3.34 14.82 14.31 3.44 509.41 410.58 19.40 60 16.68 13.73 17.67 6.07 5.62 7.44 3.37 2.99 11.16 4.53 4.10 9.44 3.29 2.77 52.11 5.99 5.51 47.65 15.80 14.48 8.39 520.50 360.00 30.84 61 15.35 14.12 8.00 5.80 5.74 1.02 3.24 2.99 7.62 4.34 4.17 3.90 3.04 2.79 25.62 5.68 5.62 6.18 15.08 14.68 2.65 401.52 333.58 16.92 68 14.70 14.24 3.13 5.83 5.81 0.38 3.06 2.98 2.73 4.24 4.18 1.45 2.92 2.78 13.37 5.70 5.66 3.82 14.90 14.81 0.59 321.05 297.25 7.41 70 15.45 14.17 8.25 5.90 5.83 1.17 3.25 2.91 10.43 4.33 4.22 2.54 3.01 2.79 22.23 5.79 5.73 5.99 15.24 14.77 3.11 541.37 279.42 48.39 86 15.23 13.86 8.99 5.65 5.44 3.78 3.31 3.07 7.21 4.27 4.11 3.65 3.08 2.90 18.83 5.50 5.33 17.58 14.91 14.22 4.65 342.93 306.25 10.70 92 15.22 14.40 5.39 5.97 5.75 3.75 3.11 3.10 0.33 4.36 4.22 3.30 2.93 2.87 5.60 5.86 5.63 23.09 15.26 14.77 3.23 403.74 343.50 14.92 *GA= Grain Area (mm 2 ), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), YPP= Yield per Plot (g), TS= Timely sown, LS= Late sown, % Red.= reduction in LS as compared to TS ‘–‘ shows reduction, ‘+’ shows increase in the particular trait. 3.2 Association between grain parameter and yield during 2021-22 experiment In TS and LS environment, correlation coefficient was calculated for each studied trait (Fig. 1 ). Majority of them are significantly and positively related to yield in TS and LS. In TS, YPP was significantly and positively correlated with GA (0.34**), GR (0.23*), GPR (0.23*), GW (0.38**), MxGD (0.43**), AGD (0.29**) and GP (0.26*) (Fig. 1 ). The GL (0.17) and MnGD (0.19) were not significantly but positively correlated with YPP. GA was highly and positively correlated with GW, MxGD, GL, MnGD, GP and AGD. GL, GP and MnGD was negatively and significantly correlated with GR and GPR as depicted from Fig. 1 . In LS, YPP was significantly and positively correlated with GA (0.34**), GW (0.35**), MxGD (0.35**), AGD (0.33**), GL (0.22*), MnGD (0.24*) and GP (0.28**) (Fig. 1 ). The GP (r = 0.13) and GPR (r = 0.14) were not significantly but positively correlated with YPP. GA was highly and positively correlated with GW, MxGD, GL, MnGD, GP and AGD. GL, MnGD and GP was negatively and significantly correlated with GR and GPR as depicted in Fig. 1 . 3.3 Regression analysis between grain parameter and yield during 2021-22 experiment A regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between grain parameter and yield per plot. Among them, all have sown a positive effect on the yield, indicating that round and healthy grains contributed to the yield advantage under both TS and LS conditions (Fig. 2 ). GA(R = 0.34) and GL(R = 0.17), AGD (R = 0.29), MxGD (R = 0.19), MnGD (R = 0.43), GW (R = 0.38) and GP (R = 0.26) had a positive impact on yield per plot under heat stress during 2021-22 (Fig. 2 ). In 2022-23 with a subset of selected 20 entries, entry48 had the highest yield (2015g) followed by entry68 (1963g), entry57 (1963 g), entry52 (1833 g), entry39 (1768 g), entry53 (1760) and other. Lowest yield was estimated in entry47 (1183g). Significance level with different alphabets as per Tukey HSD test was depicted in Fig. 3 . Six entries selected on the basis of yield trial were tested further in three growing conditions. In third year of study (2023-24), ANOVA revealed significant genotypic differences for most agronomic traits and grain parameters as given in Table 4 . The date of sowing also significantly influenced these traits, highlighting its importance. Table 4 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for grain parameters in selected lines during Rabi 2023-24 Source of variation Treatment Date of sowing Replication DOS: Treatment Residual df = 6 df = 2 df = 2 df = 12 df = 40 Mean Sum of Square (MSS) GA* 1.019** 3.694** 0.068 0.596* 0.174 GL 0.05497** 0.07203* 0.004 0.03792* 0.07281 GW 0.01898* 0.06159* 0.00102 0.01501* 0.02266 ADG 0.0229* 0.03213* 0.00205 0.01868* 0.04058 MxGD 0.04154* 0.0358* 0.00083 0.02369* 0.0202 MnGD 0.04046 0.06603* 0.00944 0.03306* 0.02399 GP 0.3288* 0.7373 0.0678 0.2206* 0.1704 GR 0.000154 0.0003319 3.58E-05 0.000081 7.92E-05 GPR 6.25E-05 1.85E-04 1.59E-05 2.65E-05 1.02E-04 PH 152.14** 235.29** 1.23 55.29** 6.76 PDL 134.95** 32.57** 0.37 45.24** 3.26 SG 0.3195** 0.0814* 0.001 0.4094** 0.02 SPL 13.619** 13.857** 0.008 3.19** 0.284 TMS 236** 636.1** 2 303.3** 8.5 TGW 11.741** 26.59** 0.39 7.295** 1.063 YPP 4550** 23368** 126 679* 350 *GA= Grain Area (mm 2 ), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm),GPR= Grain Perimeter ratio, PH=Plant height, PDL= Peduncle length, SG= Stem girth (cm), SPL= Spike length, TMS= Tillers per meter, TGW = 1000 grain weight, YPP= Yield per plot, TS= Timely sown, LS= Late sown, * and ** indicates significant at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. 3.4 Average performance of yield components during 2023-24 experiment Table 5 provides insights into how different environmental conditions namely OS (Optimal sowing), LS (Late sowing), and ELS (Extreme Late Sowing) affected yield, phenological traits and grain parameter. In the OS environment, entries exhibited the highest mean values for grain parameter like GA, GL, GW and yield components namely YPPT (701.0 g) and TGW. This environment was ideal for maximizing productivity, as evidenced by the highest YPPT for entry39 (760.0 g) and TGW (41.2 g). In contrast, the LS environment, representing mild heat stress conditions, showed a shift in plant architecture with higher mean values for PH (95.86 cm), PDL (38.57 cm) and SPL (11.71 cm), while mean yield (652.86 g) was reduced compare to OS. Entry39 and 61 showed high value for yield. The ELS environment, indicative of extreme terminal heat stress,resulted in the lowest mean values for majority of parameters including a significant drop in yield (636.93 g) and 1000- grain weight (35.51 g). Table 5 Descriptive statistics of phenological and grain parameters under optimum sowing (OS), late sowing (LS) and extended late sowing (ELS) during Rabi 2023-24. Sowing Para meters GA * GL GW AGD MxGD MnGD GP GR GPR PH PDL SPL SG TMS TGW YPPT OS Range 14.35–16.42 5.50–5.90 3.09–3.39 4.10–4.44 2.87–3.27 5.41–5.75 14.36–15.35 0.84–0.85 0.92–0.92 82.00-100.00 31.00–46.00 8.00–12.00 2.79–3.66 90.00-115.00 35.60–41.20 670.00-760.00 Mean 15.26 5.70 3.20 4.26 3.03 5.56 14.84 0.85 0.92 89.86 36.57 10.57 3.07 105.57 37.74 701.00 SD 0.70 0.14 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.37 0.00 0.00 6.59 5.65 1.40 0.32 8.98 2.29 31.55 SEm 0.26 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.14 0.00 0.00 2.49 2.14 0.53 0.12 3.39 0.87 11.93 LS Range 14.32–15.08 5.47–5.79 3.00-3.17 4.13–4.31 2.86–3.05 5.33–5.59 14.21–14.88 0.84–0.87 0.91–0.93 92.00-100.00 34.00–47.00 10.00–13.00 2.57–3.66 95.00-125.00 35.10–38.10 630.00-696.00 Mean 14.56 5.63 3.09 4.19 2.95 5.46 14.46 0.85 0.92 95.86 38.57 11.71 3.07 109.43 36.36 652.86 SD 0.25 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.23 0.01 0.01 2.85 4.58 1.11 0.39 9.14 1.07 23.72 SEm 0.09 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.08 1.73 0.42 0.15 3.46 0.41 8.96 ELS Range 13.80-15.04 5.42–5.79 3.04–3.22 4.10–4.29 2.88–3.05 5.31–5.69 14.17–14.99 0.84–0.86 0.92–0.93 86.00-104.00 31.00–44.00 8.00–13.00 2.70–3.50 82.00-112.00 33.80–38.40 611.60-670.50 Mean 14.51 5.58 3.15 4.19 2.97 5.47 14.61 0.85 0.92 95.43 36.29 10.14 2.96 98.57 35.51 636.93 SD 0.43 0.12 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.13 0.26 0.01 0.00 6.00 4.72 1.86 0.36 10.80 1.54 20.27 SEm 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.00 2.27 1.78 0.70 0.13 4.08 0.58 7.66 *GA= Grain Area (mm 2 ), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), GPR,= Grain Perimeter ratio, ), PH= Plant height (cm), SPL= Spike length (cm), PDL= Peduncle length (cm); SG= Stem Girth (cm), TMS= Tillers per meter, TGW = 1000 grains weight (g), YPP= Yield per Plot (g), OS= Optimum sowing, LS= Late sowing, ELS= Extended late sowing, SD=Standard deviation of mean, SEm= standard error of mean. 3.5 Association between grain parameter and yield during 2023-24 In OS, studied traits are positively correlated with YPPT except PD and SG. Most of the grain parameter showed the significant and positive correlation among them (Fig. 4 A). GA was significant and positive correlation with TMS, YPPT, TGW, GP, MnGD, MxGP and positively related with PH, PDL, GR, GPR, AGD, GW, GL and SG. In LS YPPT was positively related with GP, MnGD, TGW, GPR, MxGD, AGD, GA, TMS PH and negatively related to PDL, SG, GR (Fig. 4 B). GA was significantly and positively correlated with GP, MnGD, PH, TMS, TGW and most of the grain parameter showed positive and non-significant correlation among them. In ELS, YPPT showed positive and significant correlation with GA, TGW, GP, MnGD, TMS, SG, SPL and PH and positive relation with PDL, GL, GW, MxGD and AGD (Fig. 4 C). GA was significantly and positively correlated with GP, GL, MnGD, PH, PDL and TGW. A correlogram (Fig. 4 D) was generated for all three environments, showing the relationship between all the traits. The combined correlation analysis shows that most of the traits are positively and significantly correlated with YPPT except PH and PDL. GA also showed positive and significant correlation with TMS, TGW, YPPT, GL, GW, AGD, MxGD, MnGD and GP expect PH. 3.6 Regression analysis between grain parameter and yield during 2023-24 Regression analysis was performed between all phenological and grain parameter with yield per plot (Fig. 5 and S5). PH had non-significant association with yield per plot in LS and ELS while it has positive impact on OS (R = 0.62). TGW had significant and positive impact with YPPT under all three sowing conditions i.e. R = 0.67 in OS, R = 0.83 in LS and R = 0.9 in ELS. GA showed the similar trends as of TGW with R = 0.68 in OS, R = 0.72 in LS and R = 0.69 in ELS. In LS, AGD had significant and positive impact on YPPT (R = 0.9) while it has non-significant association in OS and ELS. 4. Discussion This study was conducted to assess the effect of heat stress on different grain parameters at different sowing conditions in different years among diverse wheat entries. Late sowing in Sub-tropical condition is one 0f the best method to expose the wheat to moderate or extreme terminal heat stress (Nesar et al. 2022 ; Fu et al. 2023 ; Kumar et al. 2024 ). The ANOVA results revealed significant variations among the genotypes for grain-related and phenological traits under stress conditions suggesting differences in their stress tolerance levels (Sallam et al., 2024 ; Wang et al. 2024). Entries (Treatment) and date of sowing (DOS) are key factors affecting the studied traits, while their interaction (DOS:Treatment) is significant for several traits. It indicates that the sowing window interacts with the treatment. Replication effects are minimal, reflecting a consistent experimental condition. A reduction in both mean values and ranges of traits was observed in the LS environment compared to the OS during 2021-22 and ELS environment compared to the OS during 2023-24. High temperatures adversely impact the growth and development of wheat, with the extent of damage depending on both the duration of exposure and the developmental stage at which the plant experiences stress (Groli et al. 2024; Djanaguiraman et al. 2020). In the present study genotypes exhibited a significant reduction in grain morphology (GA, GL, GW, MxGD, MnGD, GP, GR, GPR) and yield during 2021-22 and in phenological traits under both LS and ELS conditions (2023-24). Grain area and grain length can be considered as crucial traits for breeding terminal heat-tolerant wheat cultivars. Under delayed sowing, grain diameter falls by 5.44%, grain width by 7.95%, grain length by 3.81% and grain area by 10.59% in our study. Interestingly, there were more significant decreases of 26.44% and 12.81% in grain diameter (min) and grain diameter (max), respectively (Shirdelmoghanloo et al. 2023 ). Yield losses during the grain-filling phase were roughly 6% for every 1°C rise in temperature, with notable decreases in grain size and 1000-grain weight (Akter et al. 2017). Under LS conditions, entries 76 and 30 showed tolerance by increasing their grain area and diameter, respectively. This is consistent with research by Lamba et al. ( 2023 ) which found that genotypes such as HD2967 and WH1249 are heat-tolerant and perform better in heat stress conditions. Grain size attributes, particularly GA and GW, are consistently decreased under late sowing (heat stress) in both years (Mirosavljević et al. 2024 ). Genetic diversity is apparent, though, since some entrants maintain or even improve under stress, which is crucial for breeding heat tolerance. Despite mean size shrinking under stress, core grain geometry i.e. AGD, MxGD, MnGD, GP, GR, GPR is comparatively constant. Heat stress decreases size instead of changing grain form, as evidenced by the stability of shape ratios (Dubey et al. 2019 ). OS is the ideal setting for maximizing yield. However, several LS entries demonstrated adaptive plasticity by maintaining comparatively high yields (Lekhana et al. 2025 ). Both years confirm terminal heat stress significantly reduces grain area, weight, and yield, largely due to shortened grain filling duration. Plant height (PH), peduncle length (PDL), and spike length (SPL) sometimes increase under LS, possibly due to altered assimilate partitioning, but this does not translate to yield gain. ELS consistently causes the steepest yield penalties (Dubey et al. 2020 ). The correlation coefficient analyses from the 2021–22 and 2023–24 seasons provide valuable insights into the relationships between yield and grain parameter in wheat under different sowing conditions. The consistent positive correlations observed between grain yield and traits such as GA, GW, MxGD, AGD, and GP across both seasons and sowing conditions underscore the importance of these traits in determining wheat yield under heat stress. In the 2021–22, both timely sown (TS) and late sown (LS) wheat exhibited significant positive correlations between YPP and several grain-related traits GA, GW MxGD, AGD, GP ranging from 0.23 to 0.43 (TS) and 0.22 to 0.35 (LS) (Sarkar et al. 2025 , Kumar et al. 2023 ). The combined correlation analysis across all three environments revealed that most traits were positively and significantly correlated with YPPT, except for PH and PDL. GA also showed positive and significant correlations with TMS, TGW, YPPT, GL, GW, AGD, MxGD, MnGD, and GP, except for PH (Lamba et al. 2023 ; Kumar et al. 2023 ). Furthermore, GA is a key trait influencing grain yield under varying environmental conditions and highlight the importance of considering multiple traits in breeding programs aiming terminal heat tolerance in wheat; GA also exhibited strong positive correlations with other grain traits, including GW, MxGD, GL, MnGD, GP, and AGD, in both years. However, negative correlations were observed between GL, GP, and MnGD with grain filling rate (GR) and grain filling period (GPR), suggesting trade-offs between grain size and grain filling duration under heat stress (Ullah et al. 2024 ). The combined regression analyses from 2021–22 and 2023–24 showed how important phenological and grain characteristics are in predicting wheat output under different heat stress conditions (Rahman et al. 2021 ). The significance of traits like GA, GW, and TGW in breeding programs towards yield stability under stress was highlighted by their constant positive correlation with yield (Sareen et al. 2023 ). In 2021–2022, MnGD also showed a significant positive correlation (R = 0.43) with yield suggesting that it may play a part in determining yield. In 2023–2024 under OS condition, PH have a positive effect on yield, indicating that sowing timing and environmental factors affect the importance of phenological traits. The varying impact of AGD across different sowing conditions underscores the complex interplay between phenological traits and environmental stress factors (Kumar et al. 2023 ). The influence of sowing conditions on trait significance underscores the need for tailored agronomic practices to optimize yield outcomes. 5. Conclusion Heat stress is a major global challenge especially for wheat affecting its production each year. In this study, we assess the effect of heat stress on various grain parameters at different sowing conditions among diverse wheat genotypes. ANOVA shows there is a significant variation among genotypes, and the reduction of mean and ranges shows the adverse impact of heat stress. For yield stability under climate change, selection should focus on grain size stability (GA, TGW), stay-green physiology, and extended grain filling duration. Correlation and regression studies show grain-related traits like grain area, grain length, and average grain diameter are directly associated with yield; hence they can be used as selection indices for screening terminal heat tolerant lines. Two promising entries namely 46 (GID: 7631433) and 92 (GID: 8247009) were found suitable for heat tolerance, and they were also part of the national genetic stock nursery (NGSN-2024-25) for wide utilisation by Indian wheat breeders. F3 families using both donors in the Indian wheat background have been developed. Declarations Funding : We acknowledge the financial support received from CIMMYT-Accelerated Genetic Gain for Improved Livelihood for Maize and Wheat Farmers (AGG-Wheat) India. Acknowledgements : We acknowledge the CIMMYT-Borlaug Institute of South Asia (BISA) for providing elite wheat genotypes from various CIMMYT nurseries. The first author thanks Indian Council of Agricultural Research for providing National Talent Scholarship for MSc degree program. Conflicts of interest/Competing interests : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Availability of data and material : All data are given in the manuscript. Code availability : Publicly available statistical tools are used in this study. Consent for clinical trial : The authors declare that they have not conducted clinical trial. Consent to Participate declaration : Not applicable Source of the plant used in your study: Material and method section covered the source of seed material i.e. international nurseries from where these entries were shortlisted and delivered to our centre-BAU Sabour from CIMMYT India as a part of National Agricultural Research System (NARS). Full details of entries including unique Genotype Identifier (GID), selection history, pedigree and entry code are already provided in supplementary table 1. This is a part of international nomenclature where GIDs are sufficient to track individual entry. Permissions to collect the plants/plant parts: As per bilateral agreement between ICAR New Delhi (Government of India) and CIMMYT India (Representing CGIAR-CIMMYT Mexico), Indian government funded Institutions and SAUs representing NARS including our centre BAU Sabour can request wheat seed material for research and publication purposes with due acknowledgement of concerned agency. I have mentioned it into acknowledgement and declarations section too. Ethics approval and consent to participate : Standard guidelines of using the studied material (seeds of Triticum aestivum in a cultivated form) for this study has been followed and accorded with National Agricultural Research System. Consent for publication : The studied material ( Triticum aestivum ) was received for research purposes including publication under National Agricultural Research System (NARS) with duly acknowledged to funding and associated agency. Data availability statement : All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. Authors' contributions : RK and DKB performed field Evaluation; RK and AP-performed statistical analysis, interpreted the findings and wrote the first draft of this manuscript. DKB-Design and execute the experiment, supervised statistical analysis, and edited the draft of this manuscript and provided overall supervision of the experiment; RK, PS and MK- performed analysis of grain parameters; All authors proofread the manuscript before submission. References Akter N, Rafiqul Islam M. Heat stress effects and management in wheat. A review. Agron Sustain Dev. 2017;37:37–42. Babar MA, Reynolds MP, Van Ginkel M, Klatt AR, Raun WR, et al. Spectral reflectance indices as a potential indirect selection criteria for wheat yield under irrigation. Crop Sci. 2006;46:578–88. Bouslama M, Schapaugh WT Jr. Stress tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance 1. Crop Sci. 1984;24:933–7. Cabrera-Bosquet L, Molero G, Stellacci AN, Bort J, Nogués S, et al. NDVI as a potential tool for predicting biomass, plant nitrogen content and growth in wheat genotypes subjected to different water and nitrogen conditions. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9331250","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":625365787,"identity":"df147147-7488-42e2-8051-39614bd91a31","order_by":0,"name":"Rounak Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bihar Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rounak","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":625365788,"identity":"c34e691c-6f43-4106-8e2c-9e5475b346c7","order_by":1,"name":"Mankesh Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bihar Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mankesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":625365790,"identity":"b8f4f99f-d610-468a-b989-f81ae4da5b6c","order_by":2,"name":"Prakash Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bihar Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prakash","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":625365792,"identity":"7f634006-370f-40d0-a668-b29a0d9ef37d","order_by":3,"name":"Apurba Pal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bihar Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Apurba","middleName":"","lastName":"Pal","suffix":""},{"id":625365793,"identity":"2594b002-a3c3-4919-8175-ee95c92c5c02","order_by":4,"name":"Manish Kumar Vishwakarma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Manish","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Vishwakarma","suffix":""},{"id":625365795,"identity":"7059b9c3-5863-4284-8bbb-43ff667d042b","order_by":5,"name":"Deepak Kumar Baranwal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA2BCQo5x/uNjYAEDmAwbfi02xswNaWkkaUlLbG/IMUPVggvwHW8+9uDHmcOMvQ1nvj342VYnb87eY/aBocaOgU+6AasWyTPH0g17bhxmlmzs3W7Y23bYcGfPGeMZDMeSGdhkDmDVYnAjx0yC58NhNsNm3m0SvG0HGDfcyDEGeuQAA5tEAnYt999/k/zz4TCP/TGeZ5J/2+rsIVr+4dFyg4dNmudGmgRjD5DB28acCNbC2IZbi+SZNHNjmTM2Bowz2ICMc4eTd/YcK2ZI7EvmwaWF7/jhZw/fHJOob5zBDGSU1dluZ2/ezPDhm52c/AzsWhiwRxlQMQ8u9Ti0jIJRMApGwShAAgCuY2NFRWnbHAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Bihar Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deepak","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Baranwal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-06 07:54:33","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9331250/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9331250/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107594539,"identity":"5481fcd8-ec9d-49be-952c-da14d4c3a0f6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-23 04:27:29","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":250580,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation heat map of grain parameters with yield per plot under timely (left) and late sown (right) conditions during Rabi 2021-22. The blue color indicates a positive correlation, while the red color indicates a negative correlation. The color intensity increases with its significance level. *GA= Grain Area (mm2), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), GPR= Grain Perimeter ratio, YPP= Yield per Plot (g)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/1cf93dfbcb89b92510bc6475.png"},{"id":108180893,"identity":"68b1e4b1-e1e2-4334-b9d2-a463b2d93375","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:54:46","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":519509,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRegression coefficient of some grain parameter with yield per plot (YPP) under timely (TS) and late sown (LS) condition with Grain Area (GA), Grain Length (GL), Average Grain Diameter (AGD) and Grain Width (GW) during Rabi 2021-22\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/24d53c67497ac5f172446d09.png"},{"id":107594544,"identity":"92bd4c11-5b08-44ae-9ce1-bbd73c6201fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-23 04:27:29","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":159956,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePlot yield (g) of selected 20 terminal heat tolerant entries under late sown in Rabi 2022-23. Different alphabets (a-i) represent their statistical difference level as per Tukey HSD test\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/e47bae825953e74a3e4d1fa2.png"},{"id":107594542,"identity":"c0a79280-1f2d-4b8e-80ee-5c3e2b66d09c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-23 04:27:29","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":814506,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation heat map of all traits under (A) Optimum sowing (B) Late sowing (C). Extended late sowing (D) Combined Environment during Rabi 2023-24. The blue color indicates a positive correlation, while the red color indicates a negative correlation. The color intensity increases with its significance level. OS= Optimum, LS= Late sowing, ELS= Extended late sowing\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/0cf3e2a504d70ad9d6f6a52b.png"},{"id":107705519,"identity":"3ec4cccf-40ff-45a8-9266-705fe7c9ca59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 09:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":266502,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRegression coefficient of phenological traits namely Plant height (PH) and 1000-grain weight (TGW) and grain parameter traits namely Grain area (GA) and average grain diameter (AGD) with yield per plot under Optimum sowing (OS) (B) Late sowing (LS). Extended late sowing (ELS) during Rabi 2023-24\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/7351c0a54b89b113294f3036.png"},{"id":108183741,"identity":"0876c90b-07c7-4be2-a264-d1629067358f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 09:02:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2525006,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/9727feda-67a7-4d7d-b454-e33b50651008.pdf"},{"id":107706670,"identity":"032da4d3-572a-49bf-9732-e9ce14cbe569","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 09:18:28","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":58561,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SUPPLEMENTARY1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9331250/v1/d76ad23b544d6b57e8e63a8e.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Assessment of terminal heat stress on yield and grain parameter in Wheat","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWheat (\u003cem\u003eTriticum aestivum\u003c/em\u003e L.) is one of the most important cereals contributing to the daily diet requirements of two billion people and covers over 800 Mha acreage across the globe. Global warming and climate fluctuations may increase temperature by 1-4\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC that affects wheat productivity and yield loss by 4\u0026ndash;6% (Liu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). High ambient temperature during flowering and grain filling is one of the major limiting factor and setback for global wheat production. It hampers photosynthesis partitioning, metabolic activities and pollen viability (Fatima et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). It resulted in lower accumulation of photosynthates in sink causing shriveled grains and reduction in yield (Sattar et al. 2017). Higher terminal heat stress induces the production of reaction oxygen species (ROS) that have negative effect on growth and development of wheat plant which is controlled by ROS scavenging enzymes i.e antioxidants that defines the tolerant nature of plants against heat (Zandalians et al. 2017).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince decades, wheat researchers have been using several heat tolerance indices like tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), relative stress index (RSI), yield stability index (YSI) etc. that is entirely based on yield in stress and normal environments (Rosielle and Hamblin \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e, Fernandez \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1992\u003c/span\u003e). Variation in grain parameters could be predicated due to heat stress. Comprehensive study on grain parameters like grain area, length, diameter, perimeter and roundness has been required to reveal effect of these parameters on terminal heat stress. Phenomics is a new emerging field which provides various tools and software to generate large amount of data for a particular trait along with different growth stages which is more appropriate for selection of better genotype (Araus and Cairns 2014). Crop phenotyping is a major challenge as it is time consuming, labour demanding as well as required resource person. Image analysis of seeds through arrangement on a flat surface or in specialized holders, reveals key features like estimated size, volume, length, diameter, shape and colour (Singh and Singh 2016). Present study would be an attempt to decipher importance of grain parameter analysis in normal and delayed sown wheat offering promotion of terminal heat tolerant entries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Material and method","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study comprised of 98 elite wheat lines from various yield trials namely Genomic prediction yield trial, Consortium wheat yield trial, Elite spring wheat yield trial, High-temperature wheat yield trial and Semi-arid wheat yield trial of International centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) elite materials along with two checks namely DBW14 and DBW187 (Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e). It was conducted at Wheat section (Plant Breeding), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India. In first year\u0026rsquo;s, experiment, these genotypes were grown in alpha lattice design in two replications both under timely sown (TS) (29 November 2021) and late sown (LS) (31 December 2021) conditions. It included five columns. Each column consisted of 80 rows accommodating 40 entries (two rows per entries) of 1.5 meters in length and row to row distance was 23 cm in each replication. The grain parameters like grain area (GA in mm), grain length (GL in mm), grain width (GW in mm), average grain diameter (AGD in mm), maximum grain diameter (MxGD in mm), minimum grain diameter (MnGD in mm), grain perimeter (GP in mm), grain roundness (GR in mm) and grain perimeter ratio (GPR in mm) were measured of studied genotypes using grain analyzer (Biovis PSM Seed V6.4, Mumbai, India). Based on grain parameter analysis, published data of HSI on grain filling duration, 1000-grain weight, normal differentiation vegetation index (NDVI) and grain yield and rust and spot blotch disease screening and molecular survey using gene-linked markers, 20 selected entries were planted in 15 December 2022 (LS; Table S2; Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) for preliminary yield trial having plot size of 4m length and 1.2 m width (six rows). Finally, six entries were selected given in Table S3 and evaluated further in three different environments in 2023-24 i.e. optimum sowing (OS, 20th November 2023), late sowing (LS, 5th December 2023) and extended late sowing (ELS, 20th December 2023) having plot size 2 m length x 2 row in randomized block design with two replications. The standard agronomic practices for wheat under irrigated condition were followed precisely. Data was recorded for grain parameters and phenological traits namely plant height (PH), peduncle length (PDL), spike length (SL), stem girth (cm), tillers per meter (TMS), 1000-grain weight (TGW) and yield per plot (YPP).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe combined analysis of variance was computed for all phenological and grain parameters was conducted following linear mixed model using package \u0026ldquo;agricolae\u0026rdquo; (Mendiburu \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; R Core Team 2025) and \u0026ldquo;metan\u0026rdquo; package (Olivoto and Lucio 2020). The genotypes and treatments i.e. Date of Sowing (DOS) were treated as fixed factor and their interactions were considered as random factors. Tukey\u0026rsquo;s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test was also performed to reveal statistical difference among yield performance of studied genotypes. Correlation coefficient analysis was performed for combined as well as individual environment using the corrplot function in Renvironment. The linear regression analysis and scatter plot of yield per plot (YPP) taken as a dependent variable with remaining studied traits considered as independent variables were performed using \u0026lsquo;tidyverse\u0026rsquo;, \u0026lsquo;coherent rstatix\u0026rsquo; (Wickham et al. 2019), and \u0026lsquo;ggplot2\u0026rsquo; (Wickham \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) packages in R environment (R Core Team 2025).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Descriptive statistics of grain parameter and yield during 2021-22 experiment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eANOVA showed the differences in each genotype for the studied traits and the performance of each genotype in individual environment given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Grain area ranged from 12.23 to 18.91 with grand mean 15.12 in TS; in LS this range was 10.01 to 15.90 with grand mean 13.49 presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. It showed 10.59% reduction in grain area in LS, with entry 5 showing the largest drop in area i.e 30% and entry 76 showed increase in grain area by 8.82% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and Table S4). Grain length in TS varied from 4.96 to 6.63 with a mean of 5.76; in LS it has a mean of 5.54 and varied from 4.79 to 6.15. It showed 3.81% reduction in grain length as compared to TS, with entry 5 showing the largest drop in grain length i.e.16.18% and entry 30 showed increase in grain length. Grain width varied from 2.63 to 3.95 with mean 3.21 and 2.42 to 3.34 with mean 2.95 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed 7.95% reduction in grain width in LS condition, with entry 24 showing the 20.49% drop in grain width and entry 85 showed increase in 7.23% grain width. Grain diameter varied from 3.75 to 5.29 with mean 4.30 and 3.5 to 4.48 with mean 4.06 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 5.44% reduction in grain diameter in LS, with entry 5 having 16.28% drop in grain diameter and entry 30 has increment of 4.48%. Grain diameter (minimum) varied from 2.49 to 3.5 with mean 3.03 and 2.19 to 3.18 with mean 2.76 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 26.44% reduction in grain diameter (min) in LS, with entry 24 having 68.12% drop in grain diameter (min) and entry 28 has increment of 17.34%. Grain diameter (maximum) varied from 4.74 to 6.38 with mean 5.64 and 4.66 to 5.99 with mean 5.42 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 12.81% reduction in grain diameter (maximum) in LS, with entry 5 having 91.2% drop and entry 30 has increment of 40.97% in grain diameter (maximum). Grain perimeter varied from 13.23 to 17.46 with a mean of 14.97 in TS and in LS it varied from 12.44 to 15.70 with mean of 14.27. It showed overall 4.61% reduction in grain perimeter in LS, with entry 5 having 14.09% drop in it and entry 76 has increment of 4.92% in grain perimeter. Yield per plot varied from 198.44 to 541.37 with mean of 380.22 and 199.60 to 410.58 with mean of 290.40 in TS and LS, respectively. It showed overall 12.91% reduction in YPPT in LS, with entry 33 having 49.03% drop and entry 84 has increment of 26.27% in YPPT presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Range and mean of other parameters have been given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) for grain parameters in 100 studied CIMMYT entries during Rabi 2021-22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"744\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEntry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReplication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBlock\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRep: Row\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDOS: Treatment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edf=99\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 132px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edf=1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edf=4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edf=38\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edf=99\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" rowspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Sum of Square (MSS)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGA\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.809**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.955**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 0.239\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.466\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.096**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.116**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.054**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.037**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.040**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.024**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eADG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.045**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.052**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.028**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMxGD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMnGD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.094**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.120**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.053**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.531**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.630**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGPR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYPP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10850*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 74px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4776*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18381\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e353\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e243\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3975**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*GA= Grain Area (mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Average) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Minimum) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Maximum) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), YPP= Yield per plot (g), TS= Timely sown, LS= Late sown, * and ** indicates significant at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics of grain parameters in the timely sown (TS) and late sown (LS) condition during Rabi 2021-22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRange\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRange\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGA\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.23\u0026ndash;18.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.01\u0026ndash;15.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96\u0026ndash;6.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.79\u0026ndash;6.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.63\u0026ndash;3.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u0026ndash;3.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.75\u0026ndash;5.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.50\u0026ndash;4.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMxGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.49\u0026ndash;3.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.19\u0026ndash;3.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMnGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.74\u0026ndash;6.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.66\u0026ndash;5.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.23\u0026ndash;17.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.44\u0026ndash;15.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.79\u0026ndash;0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u0026ndash;0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGPR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u0026ndash;0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u0026ndash;0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYPP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198.44-541.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199.60-410.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003e*GA= Grain Area (mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), YPP= Yield per Plot (g), GM= Grand mean, SEm= standard error of mean, CD =Critical difference at 5%.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of Top 20 promising entries for heat tolerance with their % reduction for grain parameters during Rabi 2021-22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"25\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c21\" colnum=\"21\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c22\" colnum=\"22\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c23\" colnum=\"23\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c24\" colnum=\"24\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c25\" colnum=\"25\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMxGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMnGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c25\" namest=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYPP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ered\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e346.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e39\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e372.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e397.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e346.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e370.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e43\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-11.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e470.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e342.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e505.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e370.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e46\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e484.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e399.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e47\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e365.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e267.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e48\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e532.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e52\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e411.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e337.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e411.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e342.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e54\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e469.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e281.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e57\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e460.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e305.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e58\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e517.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e405.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e59\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e509.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e410.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e60\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e520.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e360.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e401.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e333.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e68\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e321.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e297.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e70\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e541.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e279.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e86\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e342.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e306.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e92\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c23\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e403.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c24\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e343.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c25\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"25\"\u003e*GA= Grain Area (mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), YPP= Yield per Plot (g), TS= Timely sown, LS= Late sown, % Red.= reduction in LS as compared to TS \u0026lsquo;\u0026ndash;\u0026lsquo; shows reduction, \u0026lsquo;+\u0026rsquo; shows increase in the particular trait.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Association between grain parameter and yield during 2021-22 experiment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn TS and LS environment, correlation coefficient was calculated for each studied trait (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Majority of them are significantly and positively related to yield in TS and LS. In TS, YPP was significantly and positively correlated with GA (0.34**), GR (0.23*), GPR (0.23*), GW (0.38**), MxGD (0.43**), AGD (0.29**) and GP (0.26*) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The GL (0.17) and MnGD (0.19) were not significantly but positively correlated with YPP. GA was highly and positively correlated with GW, MxGD, GL, MnGD, GP and AGD. GL, GP and MnGD was negatively and significantly correlated with GR and GPR as depicted from Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. In LS, YPP was significantly and positively correlated with GA (0.34**), GW (0.35**), MxGD (0.35**), AGD (0.33**), GL (0.22*), MnGD (0.24*) and GP (0.28**) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The GP (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.13) and GPR (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.14) were not significantly but positively correlated with YPP. GA was highly and positively correlated with GW, MxGD, GL, MnGD, GP and AGD. GL, MnGD and GP was negatively and significantly correlated with GR and GPR as depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Regression analysis between grain parameter and yield during 2021-22 experiment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between grain parameter and yield per plot. Among them, all have sown a positive effect on the yield, indicating that round and healthy grains contributed to the yield advantage under both TS and LS conditions (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). GA(R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.34) and GL(R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.17), AGD (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.29), MxGD (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.19), MnGD (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.43), GW (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.38) and GP (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.26) had a positive impact on yield per plot under heat stress during 2021-22 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2022-23 with a subset of selected 20 entries, entry48 had the highest yield (2015g) followed by entry68 (1963g), entry57 (1963 g), entry52 (1833 g), entry39 (1768 g), entry53 (1760) and other. Lowest yield was estimated in entry47 (1183g). Significance level with different alphabets as per Tukey HSD test was depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Six entries selected on the basis of yield trial were tested further in three growing conditions. In third year of study (2023-24), ANOVA revealed significant genotypic differences for most agronomic traits and grain parameters as given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. The date of sowing also significantly influenced these traits, highlighting its importance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) for grain parameters in selected lines during Rabi 2023-24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource of variation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDate of sowing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReplication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOS: Treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edf\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"15\" rowspan=\"16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean Sum of Square (MSS)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGA*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.019**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.694**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.596*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05497**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07203*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03792*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07281\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGW\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01898*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06159*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01501*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eADG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0229*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03213*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00205\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01868*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMxGD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04154*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0358*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00083\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02369*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0202\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMnGD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06603*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00944\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03306*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02399\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3288*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7373\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0678\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.2206*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.1704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0003319\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.58E-05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.92E-05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e 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\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.29**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePDL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134.95**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.57**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.24**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3195**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0814*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4094**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSPL\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.619**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.857**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.19**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTMS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e236**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e636.1**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e303.3**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTGW\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.741**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.59**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.295**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYPP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4550**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23368**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e679*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e*GA= Grain Area (mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm),GPR= Grain Perimeter ratio, PH=Plant height, PDL= Peduncle length, SG= Stem girth (cm), SPL= Spike length, TMS= Tillers per meter, TGW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1000 grain weight, YPP= Yield per plot, TS= Timely sown, LS= Late sown, * and ** indicates significant at 0.05 and 0.01, respectively.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Average performance of yield components during 2023-24 experiment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e provides insights into how different environmental conditions namely OS (Optimal sowing), LS (Late sowing), and ELS (Extreme Late Sowing) affected yield, phenological traits and grain parameter. In the OS environment, entries exhibited the highest mean values for grain parameter like GA, GL, GW and yield components namely YPPT (701.0 g) and TGW. This environment was ideal for maximizing productivity, as evidenced by the highest YPPT for entry39 (760.0 g) and TGW (41.2 g). In contrast, the LS environment, representing mild heat stress conditions, showed a shift in plant architecture with higher mean values for PH (95.86 cm), PDL (38.57 cm) and SPL (11.71 cm), while mean yield (652.86 g) was reduced compare to OS. Entry39 and 61 showed high value for yield. The ELS environment, indicative of extreme terminal heat stress,resulted in the lowest mean values for majority of parameters including a significant drop in yield (636.93 g) and 1000- grain weight (35.51 g).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics of phenological and grain parameters under optimum sowing (OS), late sowing (LS) and extended late sowing (ELS) during Rabi 2023-24.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"18\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSowing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePara\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emeters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGA\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMxGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMnGD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGPR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePDL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTMS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGW\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYPPT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRange\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.35\u0026ndash;16.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.50\u0026ndash;5.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09\u0026ndash;3.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10\u0026ndash;4.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.87\u0026ndash;3.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.41\u0026ndash;5.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.36\u0026ndash;15.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026ndash;0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u0026ndash;0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.00-100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.00\u0026ndash;46.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.00\u0026ndash;12.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.79\u0026ndash;3.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.00-115.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.60\u0026ndash;41.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e670.00-760.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e701.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRange\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.32\u0026ndash;15.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.47\u0026ndash;5.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.00-3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13\u0026ndash;4.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.86\u0026ndash;3.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.33\u0026ndash;5.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.21\u0026ndash;14.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026ndash;0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91\u0026ndash;0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.00-100.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.00\u0026ndash;47.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.00\u0026ndash;13.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.57\u0026ndash;3.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.00-125.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.10\u0026ndash;38.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e630.00-696.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e652.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eELS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRange\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.80-15.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.42\u0026ndash;5.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.04\u0026ndash;3.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10\u0026ndash;4.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.88\u0026ndash;3.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.31\u0026ndash;5.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.17\u0026ndash;14.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u0026ndash;0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u0026ndash;0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.00-104.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.00\u0026ndash;44.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.00\u0026ndash;13.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.70\u0026ndash;3.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.00-112.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.80\u0026ndash;38.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e611.60-670.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e636.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSEm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c15\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c17\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c18\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"18\"\u003e*GA= Grain Area (mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), GL= Grain Length (mm), GW= Grain Width (mm), AGD= Grain Diameter (Avg) (mm), MnGD= Grain Diameter (Min) (mm), MxGD= Grain Diameter (Max) (mm), GP= Grain Perimeter (mm), GR= Grain Roundness (mm), GPR,= Grain Perimeter ratio, ), PH= Plant height (cm), SPL= Spike length (cm), PDL= Peduncle length (cm); SG= Stem Girth (cm), TMS= Tillers per meter, TGW\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1000 grains weight (g), YPP= Yield per Plot (g), OS= Optimum sowing, LS= Late sowing, ELS= Extended late sowing, SD=Standard deviation of mean, SEm= standard error of mean.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.5 Association between grain parameter and yield during 2023-24\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn OS, studied traits are positively correlated with YPPT except PD and SG. Most of the grain parameter showed the significant and positive correlation among them (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA). GA was significant and positive correlation with TMS, YPPT, TGW, GP, MnGD, MxGP and positively related with PH, PDL, GR, GPR, AGD, GW, GL and SG. In LS YPPT was positively related with GP, MnGD, TGW, GPR, MxGD, AGD, GA, TMS PH and negatively related to PDL, SG, GR (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eB). GA was significantly and positively correlated with GP, MnGD, PH, TMS, TGW and most of the grain parameter showed positive and non-significant correlation among them. In ELS, YPPT showed positive and significant correlation with GA, TGW, GP, MnGD, TMS, SG, SPL and PH and positive relation with PDL, GL, GW, MxGD and AGD (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eC). GA was significantly and positively correlated with GP, GL, MnGD, PH, PDL and TGW. A correlogram (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eD) was generated for all three environments, showing the relationship between all the traits. The combined correlation analysis shows that most of the traits are positively and significantly correlated with YPPT except PH and PDL. GA also showed positive and significant correlation with TMS, TGW, YPPT, GL, GW, AGD, MxGD, MnGD and GP expect PH.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.6 Regression analysis between grain parameter and yield during 2023-24\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegression analysis was performed between all phenological and grain parameter with yield per plot (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and S5). PH had non-significant association with yield per plot in LS and ELS while it has positive impact on OS (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.62). TGW had significant and positive impact with YPPT under all three sowing conditions i.e. R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.67 in OS, R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.83 in LS and R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.9 in ELS. GA showed the similar trends as of TGW with R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.68 in OS, R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.72 in LS and R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.69 in ELS. In LS, AGD had significant and positive impact on YPPT (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.9) while it has non-significant association in OS and ELS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted to assess the effect of heat stress on different grain parameters at different sowing conditions in different years among diverse wheat entries. Late sowing in Sub-tropical condition is one 0f the best method to expose the wheat to moderate or extreme terminal heat stress (Nesar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Fu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The ANOVA results revealed significant variations among the genotypes for grain-related and phenological traits under stress conditions suggesting differences in their stress tolerance levels (Sallam et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Wang et al. 2024). Entries (Treatment) and date of sowing (DOS) are key factors affecting the studied traits, while their interaction (DOS:Treatment) is significant for several traits. It indicates that the sowing window interacts with the treatment. Replication effects are minimal, reflecting a consistent experimental condition. A reduction in both mean values and ranges of traits was observed in the LS environment compared to the OS during 2021-22 and ELS environment compared to the OS during 2023-24.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh temperatures adversely impact the growth and development of wheat, with the extent of damage depending on both the duration of exposure and the developmental stage at which the plant experiences stress (Groli et al. 2024; Djanaguiraman et al. 2020). In the present study genotypes exhibited a significant reduction in grain morphology (GA, GL, GW, MxGD, MnGD, GP, GR, GPR) and yield during 2021-22 and in phenological traits under both LS and ELS conditions (2023-24). Grain area and grain length can be considered as crucial traits for breeding terminal heat-tolerant wheat cultivars. Under delayed sowing, grain diameter falls by 5.44%, grain width by 7.95%, grain length by 3.81% and grain area by 10.59% in our study. Interestingly, there were more significant decreases of 26.44% and 12.81% in grain diameter (min) and grain diameter (max), respectively (Shirdelmoghanloo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Yield losses during the grain-filling phase were roughly 6% for every 1\u0026deg;C rise in temperature, with notable decreases in grain size and 1000-grain weight (Akter et al. 2017). Under LS conditions, entries 76 and 30 showed tolerance by increasing their grain area and diameter, respectively. This is consistent with research by Lamba et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) which found that genotypes such as HD2967 and WH1249 are heat-tolerant and perform better in heat stress conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrain size attributes, particularly GA and GW, are consistently decreased under late sowing (heat stress) in both years (Mirosavljević et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Genetic diversity is apparent, though, since some entrants maintain or even improve under stress, which is crucial for breeding heat tolerance. Despite mean size shrinking under stress, core grain geometry i.e. AGD, MxGD, MnGD, GP, GR, GPR is comparatively constant. Heat stress decreases size instead of changing grain form, as evidenced by the stability of shape ratios (Dubey et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). OS is the ideal setting for maximizing yield. However, several LS entries demonstrated adaptive plasticity by maintaining comparatively high yields (Lekhana et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). Both years confirm terminal heat stress significantly reduces grain area, weight, and yield, largely due to shortened grain filling duration. Plant height (PH), peduncle length (PDL), and spike length (SPL) sometimes increase under LS, possibly due to altered assimilate partitioning, but this does not translate to yield gain. ELS consistently causes the steepest yield penalties (Dubey et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe correlation coefficient analyses from the 2021\u0026ndash;22 and 2023\u0026ndash;24 seasons provide valuable insights into the relationships between yield and grain parameter in wheat under different sowing conditions. The consistent positive correlations observed between grain yield and traits such as GA, GW, MxGD, AGD, and GP across both seasons and sowing conditions underscore the importance of these traits in determining wheat yield under heat stress. In the 2021\u0026ndash;22, both timely sown (TS) and late sown (LS) wheat exhibited significant positive correlations between YPP and several grain-related traits GA, GW MxGD, AGD, GP ranging from 0.23 to 0.43 (TS) and 0.22 to 0.35 (LS) (Sarkar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e, Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The combined correlation analysis across all three environments revealed that most traits were positively and significantly correlated with YPPT, except for PH and PDL. GA also showed positive and significant correlations with TMS, TGW, YPPT, GL, GW, AGD, MxGD, MnGD, and GP, except for PH (Lamba et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, GA is a key trait influencing grain yield under varying environmental conditions and highlight the importance of considering multiple traits in breeding programs aiming terminal heat tolerance in wheat; GA also exhibited strong positive correlations with other grain traits, including GW, MxGD, GL, MnGD, GP, and AGD, in both years. However, negative correlations were observed between GL, GP, and MnGD with grain filling rate (GR) and grain filling period (GPR), suggesting trade-offs between grain size and grain filling duration under heat stress (Ullah et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe combined regression analyses from 2021\u0026ndash;22 and 2023\u0026ndash;24 showed how important phenological and grain characteristics are in predicting wheat output under different heat stress conditions (Rahman et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The significance of traits like GA, GW, and TGW in breeding programs towards yield stability under stress was highlighted by their constant positive correlation with yield (Sareen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). In 2021\u0026ndash;2022, MnGD also showed a significant positive correlation (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.43) with yield suggesting that it may play a part in determining yield. In 2023\u0026ndash;2024 under OS condition, PH have a positive effect on yield, indicating that sowing timing and environmental factors affect the importance of phenological traits. The varying impact of AGD across different sowing conditions underscores the complex interplay between phenological traits and environmental stress factors (Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The influence of sowing conditions on trait significance underscores the need for tailored agronomic practices to optimize yield outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eHeat stress is a major global challenge especially for wheat affecting its production each year. In this study, we assess the effect of heat stress on various grain parameters at different sowing conditions among diverse wheat genotypes. ANOVA shows there is a significant variation among genotypes, and the reduction of mean and ranges shows the adverse impact of heat stress. For yield stability under climate change, selection should focus on grain size stability (GA, TGW), stay-green physiology, and extended grain filling duration. Correlation and regression studies show grain-related traits like grain area, grain length, and average grain diameter are directly associated with yield; hence they can be used as selection indices for screening terminal heat tolerant lines. Two promising entries namely 46 (GID: 7631433) and 92 (GID: 8247009) were found suitable for heat tolerance, and they were also part of the national genetic stock nursery (NGSN-2024-25) for wide utilisation by Indian wheat breeders. F3 families using both donors in the Indian wheat background have been developed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;We acknowledge the financial support received from CIMMYT-Accelerated Genetic Gain for Improved Livelihood for Maize and Wheat Farmers (AGG-Wheat) India.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e: We acknowledge the CIMMYT-Borlaug Institute of South Asia (BISA) for providing elite wheat genotypes from various CIMMYT nurseries. The first author thanks Indian Council of Agricultural Research for providing National Talent Scholarship for MSc degree program.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest/Competing interests\u003c/strong\u003e: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material\u003c/strong\u003e: All data are given in the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCode availability\u003c/strong\u003e: Publicly available statistical tools are used in this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for clinical trial\u003c/strong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;The authors declare that they have\u0026nbsp;not conducted clinical trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate declaration\u003c/strong\u003e: Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of the plant used in your study:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMaterial and method section covered the source of seed material i.e. international nurseries from where these entries were shortlisted and delivered to our centre-BAU Sabour from CIMMYT India as a part of National Agricultural Research System (NARS). \u0026nbsp;Full details of entries including unique Genotype Identifier (GID), selection history, pedigree and entry code are already provided in supplementary table 1. This is a part of international nomenclature where GIDs are sufficient to track individual entry.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePermissions to collect the plants/plant parts:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAs per bilateral agreement between ICAR New Delhi (Government of India) and CIMMYT India (Representing CGIAR-CIMMYT Mexico), Indian government funded Institutions and SAUs representing NARS including our centre BAU Sabour can request wheat seed material for research and publication purposes with due acknowledgement of concerned agency. I have mentioned it into acknowledgement and declarations section too.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e: Standard guidelines of using the studied material (seeds of \u003cem\u003eTriticum aestivum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ein a cultivated form) for this study has been followed and accorded with National Agricultural Research System.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e: The studied material (\u003cem\u003eTriticum aestivum\u003c/em\u003e) was received for research purposes including publication under National Agricultural Research System (NARS) with duly acknowledged to funding and associated agency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRK and DKB performed field Evaluation; RK and AP-performed statistical analysis, interpreted the findings and wrote the first draft of this manuscript. DKB-Design and execute the experiment, supervised statistical analysis, and edited the draft of this manuscript and provided overall supervision of the experiment; RK, PS and MK- performed analysis of grain parameters; All authors proofread the manuscript before submission.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAkter N, Rafiqul Islam M. Heat stress effects and management in wheat. A review. Agron Sustain Dev. 2017;37:37\u0026ndash;42.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBabar MA, Reynolds MP, Van Ginkel M, Klatt AR, Raun WR, et al. Spectral reflectance indices as a potential indirect selection criteria for wheat yield under irrigation. Crop Sci. 2006;46:578\u0026ndash;88.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBouslama M, Schapaugh WT Jr. Stress tolerance in soybeans. I. Evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance 1. 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Front Plant Sci. 2017;8:953\u0026ndash;61.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-plants","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Plants](https://link.springer.com/journal/44372)","snPcode":"44372","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44372/3","title":"Discover Plants","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Grain area, Grain diameter, Grain perimeter, Regression coefficient","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9331250/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9331250/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eScreening of wheat entries for terminal heat tolerance can be performed using yield performance along with various grain parameters including grain area, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, and grain perimeter. In the present study, adverse effect of terminal heat stress on grains was quantified by measuring yield and grain parameters of diverse and selected wheat genotypes under staggered sowing environments for three consecutive years. Some of the entries performed well in late sown due to little variation in grain parameters namely grain length, grain width and grain diameter. Regression and correlation coefficient analysis showed that these three parameters positively influenced yield through grain roundness. In the first year, 100 diverse genotypes were screened under timely and late sown conditions for yield and grain parameters. This study suggested a further preliminary yield trial of the shortlisted 21 genotypes under late-sown. This study resulted in six promising genotypes for further evaluation in three distinct sowing environments. In last years\u0026rsquo; study, plant height, tiller per meter and 1000-grain weight showed higher variability under very-late sown. The correlation coefficient varied from positive to negative and vice versa across different sowing environments. However, the majority of grain parameters showed a positive association among them. Regression analysis confirmed that grain area, grain diameter and grain width positively impacted yield under late sown. These grain parameters can be promoted as selection criteria for screening of terminal heat-tolerant wheat. Two promising entries namely 46 (GID:7631433) and 92 (GID:8247009) were considered donor for heat-tolerant and developing segregating families using them are under process.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Assessment of terminal heat stress on yield and grain parameter in Wheat","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-23 04:27:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9331250/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-17T20:03:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"80287304253113927725865601659317576705","date":"2026-05-13T06:10:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"203212238068144760067116364651334147088","date":"2026-05-08T06:08:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-08T06:05:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-05-01T15:54:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T09:14:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T09:02:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Plants","date":"2026-04-16T07:39:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-plants","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Plants](https://link.springer.com/journal/44372)","snPcode":"44372","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44372/3","title":"Discover Plants","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4778bca2-2b4f-483e-a74f-7625dd77f473","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 23rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-17T20:03:21+00:00","index":48,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"80287304253113927725865601659317576705","date":"2026-05-13T06:10:42+00:00","index":47,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"203212238068144760067116364651334147088","date":"2026-05-08T06:08:47+00:00","index":39,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"15","date":"2026-05-08T06:05:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-05-01T15:54:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-08T06:08:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-23 04:27:25","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9331250","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9331250","identity":"rs-9331250","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}