Magnetohydrodynamic Analysis of Unsteady Williamson Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Inclined Stretching Sheet with Cattaneo-Christov Double-Diffusion Effects

Magnetohydrodynamic Analysis of Unsteady Williamson Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Inclined Stretching Sheet with Cattaneo-Christov Double-Diffusion Effects | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Magnetohydrodynamic Analysis of Unsteady Williamson Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Inclined Stretching Sheet with Cattaneo-Christov Double-Diffusion Effects Berihun Gizachew Negash, Hunegnaw Dessie, Eshetu Haile, Tadesse Walelign This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9411000/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Williamson nanofluid across a permeable stretching inclined sheet. The work is intended to fill the information gap regarding the simultaneous effects of unsteadiness, inclined sheet/magnetic field geometry, cross-diffusion, Joule heating, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, heat source/sink and suction/injection under non-Fourier and non-Fick transport models in a porous medium. The governing PDEs undergo similarity transformations to produce a system of coupled nonlinear ODEs. The resulting boundary value problem is addressed semi-analytically using the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM). The skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed numerically and graphically in relation to significant dimensionless parameters. Results show that fluid velocity is significantly suppressed by the magnetic field and unsteadiness parameters because of the resistive Lorentz force. The skin-friction coefficient increases by about 29.6% when the magnetic parameter is increased from 0.3 to 1.0. When it comes to thermal transport, the Nusselt number drops by around 44% as the Brownian motion parameter increases from 0.1 to 0.7, but geometric optimization performs well; the heat transfer rate is increased by about 26% when the sheet's inclination angle is reduced from π/6 to π/12. Additionally, when the thermal radiation parameter is increased from 0.1 to 0.7, the mass transfer rate shows a significant rise of nearly 68%. This study reveals that the Cattaneo-Christov model offers a more realistic representation of transport mechanisms in viscoelastic nanofluids than classical Fourier and Fick laws, providing important insights for improving conductive nanofluid processing and electromagnetic casting. Mathematical Physics Unsteady flow Williamson nanofluid inclined stretching sheet Porous medium Dufour-Soret effects inclined magnetic field OHAM Cattaneo–Christov model Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9411000","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":622727007,"identity":"8ea09d9f-3767-4730-b297-9026e12a47fb","order_by":0,"name":"Berihun Gizachew Negash","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABMUlEQVRIie2RP0vDQBTAEx68LK9mbYh/vkIgkNIl+SqWQKYMSqEoCg0IN0Vd7bfQJbscJEtxPoigUehegqKLeikGFJPiKJgfvOO943537+4UpaPjD2LJ4FWCMkDGNgJc38uENn6r2LrG/GqWcI0CdVElo1k8d/r1Jk0MtNOC77Nb90znRbl3wNVLEQSHT6G7iQoUD+KnMowzi8/YwmdKapsXcw6W8NN8K/FlY2jbYUNjIlB4j3Ef1ciBHstRzgS5kYBUCM0m5W7xqYD2DL23nCwROmMjmbYrAleKi0jylCjvG/L66jLhrcowlo3RDd9ForFJ6btVPbKpJhkhNN9loKVQ0oR7O+fZVUnHwZTJr1y+Jkeerp0Ujw1KzSj6WgGtxvblFd63Sn1Zv7qjo6Pjf/EBi9diDAxbYQUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Berihun","middleName":"Gizachew","lastName":"Negash","suffix":""},{"id":622727008,"identity":"89a8f02c-d975-4a1d-a1d4-254f4cbd4663","order_by":1,"name":"Hunegnaw Dessie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar Univesity","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hunegnaw","middleName":"","lastName":"Dessie","suffix":""},{"id":622727009,"identity":"2868b827-f872-465c-8d1e-5a4e70eb1bac","order_by":2,"name":"Eshetu Haile","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eshetu","middleName":"","lastName":"Haile","suffix":""},{"id":622727010,"identity":"2568079b-ec1f-4a1d-ba69-bc2a1ad35399","order_by":3,"name":"Tadesse Walelign","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tadesse","middleName":"","lastName":"Walelign","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-14 06:00:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9411000/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9411000/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106961474,"identity":"287ae574-343e-4f4d-be69-fe87bf91173a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-15 09:25:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1447945,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptCopy.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9411000/v1_covered_914b6561-ff28-4164-9a8b-c259debe728b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMagnetohydrodynamic Analysis of Unsteady Williamson Nanofluid Flow over a Permeable Inclined Stretching Sheet with Cattaneo-Christov Double-Diffusion Effects\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Unsteady flow, Williamson nanofluid, inclined stretching sheet, Porous medium, Dufour-Soret effects, inclined magnetic field, OHAM, Cattaneo–Christov model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9411000/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9411000/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Williamson nanofluid across a permeable stretching inclined sheet. 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The skin-friction coefficient increases by about 29.6% when the magnetic parameter is increased from 0.3 to 1.0. When it comes to thermal transport, the Nusselt number drops by around 44% as the Brownian motion parameter increases from 0.1 to 0.7, but geometric optimization performs well; the heat transfer rate is increased by about 26% when the sheet's inclination angle is reduced from π/6 to π/12. Additionally, when the thermal radiation parameter is increased from 0.1 to 0.7, the mass transfer rate shows a significant rise of nearly 68%. 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