Comparative transcriptomics unveils the role of DELLA protein GAIP-B in cold tolerance of mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Comparative transcriptomics unveils the role of DELLA protein GAIP-B in cold tolerance of mango (Mangifera indica L.) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparative transcriptomics unveils the role of DELLA protein GAIP-B in cold tolerance of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Yu Zhang, Mu Li, Yefei Lu, Yujuan Tang, Junan Zhou, Zhichang Zhao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8246574/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Cold stress severely limits the productivity and geographical distribution of mango, a tropical fruit crop of significant economic importance. We combined transcriptomic profiling and functional genomics to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in mango. Results Comparative analysis of the cold-tolerant Jinhuang (JH) and cold-sensitive Guiqi (GQ) cultivars identified 7,757 differentially expressed genes, with significant enrichment in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, the DELLA protein GAIP-B (LOC123214451) was markedly upregulated in JH under cold stress. Functional validation through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that GAIP-B is both necessary and sufficient for cold tolerance. The knockout lines exhibit extreme cold sensitivity, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, increased oxidative damage, and impaired osmotic adjustment. Conversely, the overexpression lines showed enhanced cold tolerance, with superior antioxidant capacity, maintenance of photosynthetic pigments, and increased soluble sugar accumulation. Conclusions These findings establish GAIP-B as a central regulator that integrates antioxidant defense, photosynthetic protection, and osmotic adjustment in the cold stress response. This study provides valuable insight into molecular breeding strategies aimed at enhancing cold tolerance in mango and other economically important fruit crops. Antioxidant defense photosynthetic protection osmotic adjustment cold tolerance fruit crop Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files FigureS1.png FigureS2.pdf TableS1primer.docx TableS2All.sample.summary.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 18 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8246574","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":563756470,"identity":"12e37048-997f-4108-a7ea-f79f71398f05","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":563756473,"identity":"94b9f8da-0534-4a82-836c-c71bbec8c347","order_by":1,"name":"Mu Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural 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L.)","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Antioxidant defense, photosynthetic protection, osmotic adjustment, cold tolerance, fruit crop","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8246574/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8246574/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold stress severely limits the productivity and geographical distribution of mango, a tropical fruit crop of significant economic importance. We combined transcriptomic profiling and functional genomics to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance in mango.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative analysis of the cold-tolerant Jinhuang (JH) and cold-sensitive Guiqi (GQ) cultivars identified 7,757 differentially expressed genes, with significant enrichment in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Notably, the DELLA protein GAIP-B (LOC123214451) was markedly upregulated in JH under cold stress. Functional validation through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and overexpression in \u003cem\u003eNicotiana benthamiana\u003c/em\u003e demonstrated that GAIP-B is both necessary and sufficient for cold tolerance. The knockout lines exhibit extreme cold sensitivity, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, increased oxidative damage, and impaired osmotic adjustment. Conversely, the overexpression lines showed enhanced cold tolerance, with superior antioxidant capacity, maintenance of photosynthetic pigments, and increased soluble sugar accumulation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese findings establish GAIP-B as a central regulator that integrates antioxidant defense, photosynthetic protection, and osmotic adjustment in the cold stress response. This study provides valuable insight into molecular breeding strategies aimed at enhancing cold tolerance in mango and other economically important fruit crops.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparative transcriptomics unveils the role of DELLA protein GAIP-B in cold tolerance of mango (Mangifera indica L.)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-22 10:39:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8246574/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-26T05:18:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-22T09:04:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-22T08:35:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"272956699998998575588424813006449898673","date":"2025-12-21T13:50:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"203724580989805328148925200680472586405","date":"2025-12-19T15:32:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-19T13:45:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-18T07:32:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-03T08:54:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-03T08:54:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Plant Biology","date":"2025-12-01T05:52:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a21e3b0b-d7df-43ab-9719-796a23a8f1b8","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T16:04:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8246574","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08572-0","journal":{"identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Plant Biology"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-23 15:59:31","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 23rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-22 10:39:48","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08572-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08572-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8246574","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8246574","identity":"rs-8246574","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}