Agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in western Pará, Brazil: contributions to conservation, income, and ecosystem services

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A systematic literature review was carried out to investigate this interaction, following the methodological criteria established by the PRISMA statement. The databases consulted included Science Direct, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Journals portal, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. A total of 53 articles were selected, which were classified according to thematic lines related to interfaces between meliponiculture and AFSs. In the state of Pará, nine genera of stingless bees were identified, comprising 30 species, with prominence of the genera Melipona and Trigona . These genera are widely found in natural environments and in managed agroforestry arrangements. Pollination stood out as the key ecosystem service, exerting a direct effect on increased agroforestry yield, in situ maintenance of plant species of socioeconomic interest, and added value for honey from native bee species. Results also showed the strategic role of AFSs as drivers of ecological restoration on a landscape scale, contributing to carbon sequestration, climate resilience, and diversification of local economies, with direct effects on strengthening sustainable production chains. stingless bees family farming Amazon bioeconomy carbon sequestration native pollinators Figures Figure 1 Introduction Agroforestry systems (AFSs) are consolidated practices that integrate agricultural management with forest species and native vegetation, promoting sustainable use of the land, biodiversity conservation, and improvement of the quality of life in rural areas (Schembergue et al. 2017; Lobo et al. 2021). As AFSs promote environments with greater biological diversity and offer production alternatives in harmony with natural ecosystems, AFSs have become a reference in policies of sustainability and recovery of degraded areas, especially in the Brazilian Amazon (Costa et al. 2022). The association between AFSs and meliponiculture represents a synergistic strategy with potential for generating positive impacts in three fundamental dimensions: ecological, economic, and social. This integration, as Gemim and Silva (2017) highlight, contributes to increased agricultural production, crop pollination, and conservation of native flora. In addition, it strengthens family farming and generation of income through the commercialization of honey and other products of sociobiodiversity. Native stingless bees, belonging to the tribe Meliponini, play an essential role in maintaining tropical ecosystems, both by their pollination efficiency and their connection with ancestral cultural practices (Barbiéri and Francoy 2020; Gonzales et al. 2021). However, as Silva and Ferrarezi Junior (2022) warn, anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, indiscriminate use of agricultural chemicals, and climate change have caused an alarming decline in these populations, negatively affecting agricultural production and biodiversity. Meliponiculture, or managed rearing of native stingless bees, is an ancient practice, recorded prior to European colonization of the Americas. Paulo Nogueira Neto coined the term in 1953, significantly contributing to scientific systematization of the activity in Brazil. Currently, this management practice is widespread among indigenous peoples, riverine communities, and family farmers, especially in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil (Castro et al. 2022). In western Pará, the activity has intensified through research, training, and transfer of technologies aimed at valuing traditional knowledge and encouragement of regional bioeconomies (Oliveira et al. 2022). The adoption of sustainable production techniques, such as AFSs and meliponiculture, directly addresses contemporary challenges related to food security, environmental conservation, and the climate crisis. The diversity of melliferous plants in agroforestry systems, for example, increases the resilience of apiaries in periods of climate instability and improves colony productivity (Paray et al. 2021; Santos et al. 2023). This diversity also promotes in situ conservation of native species and ecosystem services fundamental for agroecosystems. The Agricultural Census of 2017 indicates the existence of approximately 5 million properties with some type of AFS in Brazil, and more than 4.9 million include forest species associated with crop cultivation or animal raising (IBGE 2017). These figures show the potential of these systems in integrating conservation and production, particularly in Amazon territories. In this context, meliponiculture plays a strategic role in integrating the production chains of Amazon sociobiodiversity, with considerable potential in contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially those related to zero hunger (SDG 2), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and action against global climate change (SDG 13) (Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. 2024). The growing body of scientific research directed toward integration of meliponiculture and AFSs reflects the maturation of this field and the search for nature-based solutions. Identifying the trends, progress, and gaps in this research requires robust methodological approaches. A systematic review of the literature with state of the art (SOTA) analysis allows critical understanding of the development of this topic over time, considering evidence, impacts, and future directions (Santos et al. 2020; Da Costa and Silva et al. 2024). To ensure transparency and scientific reproducibility, this study adopts the recommendations of the PRISMA statement, an internationally recognized protocol for conducting and reporting systematic reviews. The PRISMA statement and its extensions are a set of evidence-based recommendations aimed at complete and transparent performance and reporting of systematic reviews (Sarkis-Onofre et al. 2021). In this context, the SOTA study emerges as a methodological approach with specific development and elaboration criteria that goes beyond mere descriptive mapping of academic production. It is an in-depth bibliographical analysis that identifies progress, gaps, and trends in knowledge (Santos et al. 2020). Thus, the aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature published from 2014 to 2024 on the integration between agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in the Amazon region, with an emphasis on evidence from research, innovation, and technology transfer applicable to the reality of western Pará, Brazil. Methodology This study adopted an integrative systematic literature review method, with the aim of mapping, analyzing, and synthesizing scientific evidence published from 2014 to 2024 regarding the integration of agroforestry systems (AFSs) and meliponiculture in the Brazilian Amazon, with an emphasis on the ecological, economic, and social contributions of these sustainable production arrangements in western Pará. Integrative review was chosen because of its ability to bring together different methodological approaches (quantitative and qualitative), allowing a comprehensive analysis of the experiences, gaps, and scientific advances on this topic (Souza and Silva, Carvalho 2019). The analysis protocol followed the updated guidelines of PRISMA 2020 – Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, recommended by high-impact journals to ensure clarity, rigor, and methodological transparency (Galvão et al. 2020). Searches were carried out between October 2024 and February 2025 in the following electronic databases: ScienceDirect, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Journals portal. The time frame (2014–2024) was defined based on the intensification of scientific debates on ecosystem services, environmental restoration, sociobiodiversity, and bioeconomies in the Amazon region. Portuguese language descriptors and Boolean operators were used to enhance the precision of the results. The following search terms were used: “espécies florestais melíferas Amazônia” (“Amazon meliferous forest species”); "sistemas agroflorestais melitófilos" (“melitophilous agroforestry systems”); "sistemas agroflorestais restauração OR ambiental “abelhas sem ferrão”" (agroforestry systems restoration OR environmental “stingless bees””); "Oeste do Pará agricultura OR familiar “abelhas sem ferrão”" (western Pará agriculture OR family “stingless bees””); "criação racional de abelhas nativas “Oeste do Pará”" (“managed rearing of native bees “western Pará””); "abelhas sem ferrão Oeste OR do OR Pará “restauração ambiental”" (“stingless bees western OR of OR Pará “environmental restoration””); and "abelhas sem ferrão Amazônia OR Pará “restauração ambiental”" (“stingless bees Amazon OR Pará “environmental restoration””). The inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024; studies developed in the context of the Brazilian Amazon, preferentially with data or analyses related to western Pará; studies that directly or indirectly addressed the integration between AFSs and meliponiculture; and studies focusing on ecosystem services, social reproduction, bioeconomics, ecological restoration, family farming, or pollinator conservation. The exclusion criteria included duplicate studies, non-peer-reviewed trials, gray literature (theses, dissertations, technical reports, and conference proceedings); publications without empirical data or without relationship to the Amazon territory; and studies exclusively focused on exotic species or on non-integrated conventional production systems. The selection process followed the four steps of the PRISMA protocol (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion), as illustrated in Fig. 1 . At the end of the screening process, 53 scientific articles that met the established criteria were included. These studies were organized by thematic categories (ecology, production, sociocultural studies, and economics) and analyzed based on the geographic region of coverage, the AFS model adopted, the bee species involved, and the strategies of appreciation of biodiversity and local knowledge. The guiding question of the review was framed as follows: Does the scientific literature published between 2014 and 2024 provide evidence regarding integrated adoption of agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in the Amazon region, particularly in western Pará, as a sustainable development strategy aiming at conservation of biodiversity, the strengthening of family farming, and the mitigation of climate crises? Considering the Amazon context, and especially the territorial and environmental dynamics of western Pará, it has become ever more important to identify production arrangements that promote sustainable land use, the increased presence of pollinators, appreciation for native species, and income generation for traditional communities. Recent studies caution that changes in land use and cover, driven by anthropogenic pressures, are changing climate dynamics and accelerating processes of forest degradation, with direct impacts on tree diversity and the social reproduction of rural populations (Freitas et al. 2024; Castro et al. 2022). Therefore, this review seeks to systematize the main findings and trends of scientific production over the past decade, contributing to the development of sustainable strategies based on evidence, the transfer of social technologies, and coordination among science, territory, and local communities. Figure 1 presents the flow diagram of the process of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of the selected studies, according to the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 protocol; and the process carried out to classify the studies found within the scope of the research can be observed. Results and discussion The systematic search in the selected databases resulted in initial identification of 2667 publications related to meliponiculture in the Legal Amazon (Amazon administrative region) from 2014 to 2024. After title screening, abstract reading, removal of duplicates, and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 articles were considered eligible for final analysis. The state of Pará accounted for the largest number of publications, particularly studies conducted in western Pará, showing a growing body of scientific research addressing integration of meliponiculture, biodiversity, and sustainable land-use practices. This regional pattern reflects the academic interest for areas where the relationship between traditional communities, forests, and production systems is more evident and coordinated. The articles were organized into six major thematic axes, namely: Quality of honey and by-products – studies addressing physicochemical, microbiological, and nutritional aspects of honey from native bees; Sustainable development – focused on integration of production, environmental conservation, and food security; Environmental education – highlighting activities of training communities and schools in managing stingless bees; Pollination – addressing the ecological role of bees and their contribution to agricultural productivity; Biodiversity – studies on species conservation, melliferous flora, and associated fauna; Agroforestry systems (AFSs) – especially those that combine agroecological practices and ecological restoration. Thematic categorization reinforces the interdisciplinary nature of meliponiculture, showing its relevance in the fields of applied ecology, agroecology, bioeconomics, and environmental education. In addition, the diversity of focus areas found in these publications suggests theoretical and methodological maturation in research developed in the region. According to the IBGE (2017), the territorial extension of the Legal Amazon area is 5,015,146.008 km², representing approximately 58.93% of Brazilian territory. This region comprises 772 municipalities/counties across nine states: Rondônia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará, Amapá, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, and part of Maranhão. The geographic and ecological extent of the Legal Amazon, combined with the sociocultural diversity of the populations that inhabit it, explains the volume of studies concentrated in territories where traditional meliponiculture is maintained as an ancestral and sustainable practice. Table 1 presents the distribution of articles per Brazilian state, considering the locations specified in the studies. Studies classified as “not specified” refer to bibliographical reviews or general studies that deal with meliponiculture in the Amazon as a whole, without defined territorial delimitation. This classification allowed differentiation of the studies with a clear geographic location from those with a broader approach. Table 1 Number of studies found for each state of the Legal Amazon State No. of studies (n) Acre 3 Amapá 1 Amazonas 13 Maranhão 2 Mato Grosso 2 Pará 21 Rondônia 1 Roraima - Tocantins 2 Not specified 8 TOTAL 53 Source: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on systematic review of the literature (2014–2024). In the Legal Amazon, a significant milestone for scientific development of meliponiculture was the arrival of the researcher Dr. Warwick E. Kerr at the Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA) after his retirement from the University of São Paulo (USP). His activity contributed decisively to promote scientific study, training of new researchers, and integration of academic and traditional knowledge in the region (Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. 2024). Bees, recognized as key pollination agents, play a fundamental ecological role in tropical ecosystems. During foraging, bees collect nectar and pollen, promoting not only maintenance and survival of the colonies but also fertilization of flowers, ensuring perpetuation of plant species. This interaction improves seed and fruit quality and significantly contributes to an increase in agricultural productivity, especially in agroecologically based systems (Severino, Reis, Ortiz 2024). Analysis of the 53 selected articles revealed considerable thematic diversity, showing the interdisciplinary and complex nature of meliponiculture in the Amazon. Publications were grouped into 15 main thematic categories, as shown in Table 2 . The most frequent themes are listed below. Table 2 Grouping of the selected studies by macro-thematic axes in state of the art analysis of meliponiculture and agroforestry systems in the Legal Amazon Thematic axis Thematic category No. of studies Hive quality and products Quality of honey and by-products 13 Sensory analysis 2 Product use 1 Sustainability and education Sustainable development 9 Sustainable development / Environmental education 3 Environmental education 1 Ecological functions Pollination 5 Biodiversity 5 Thermoregulation 2 Integrated production systems Agroforestry systems 3 Agroforestry systems / Sustainable development 1 Agroforestry homegardens 2 Knowledge and biology of the species Traditional knowledge 2 Traditional knowledge / Sustainable development 2 Nesting 2 Total 53 Source: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014–2024). As shown in Table 2 , most studies focus on the physicochemical aspects of honey and its by-products (13 publications), showing a predominantly technological approach. In contrast, themes such as product use and environmental education are still incipient, with only one study each, indicating potential areas for future investigations. This classification allows for an understanding of the thematic scope of scientific production over the past decade, reflecting growing academic interest in sustainable practices that integrate ecology, culture, technology, and local economies. Table 3 presents the quantitative synthesis of the identified categories. Table 3 – Distribution of the selected studies by thematic focus in construction of the state of the art on meliponiculture and agroforestry systems in the Legal Amazon (2014–2024) Thematic focus (macrotheme) Thematic sub-category No. of studies Authors States Type of study 1 Technology and Quality Honey quality 13 Mendonça Neto et al (2021); Oliveira et al (2023); Castro et al (2022); Picanço et al (2018); Menezes, Mattietto, Lourenço (2018); Fernandes, Dias, Barreto (2022); Aguiar et al (2016); Pires et al (2020b); Ciríaco et al (2021); Freitas et al (2022); Pinto et al (2022); Amud et al (2022); Tenório, Sousa, Carvalho Neta (2020) PA, AM, AC, MA Field / Laboratory Sensory analysis 2 Pires et al (2020); Pires et al (2021) PA Field / Laboratory Product use 1 Galvão et al (2018) PA Laboratory 2 Sustainability Sustainable development 9 Gama et al (2024); Souza and Chalco (2017); Soares (2014); Gama and Brasileiro (2024); Cipriano Neto, Araújo, Louzada (2024); Souza et al (2018b); Costanti and Nogueira (2018); Silva et al (2023); Meireles et al (2018) PA, AM, AP Case study / Field Sustainability / Environmental education 3 Neu et al (2016); Fernandes et al (2018); Azambuja et al (2018) AM, PA Extension / Project Environmental education 1 Moura et al. (2022) PA Extension / Project 3 Ecological functions Pollination 5 Maia-Silva et al (2024); Souza et al (2018); Pimentel et al (2020); Rocha et al (2022); Correia et al (2020) PA, AM, AC, MT Field Biodiversity 5 Fonseca et al (2020); Costa-Neto et al (2016); Machado et al (2024; Freitas and Novais (2014; Correia, Pires, Peruquetti (2020) PA, TO, AC Field / Database Thermoregulation 2 Pires et al (2017a); Caldas et al (2024) PA, MA Field 4 Production systems Agroforestry systems 3 Gemim and Silva (2017); Viana et al (2021); Araújo and Sousa (2022) PA, AM Field / Production arrangements / Database Agroforestry systems / Sustainable development 1 Abreu and Watanabe (2016) RO Field / Production arrangements / Database Agroforestry homegardens 2 Maia et al (2020); Francisco et al (2016) PA Field / Production arrangements / Database 5 Knowledge and biology of the species Traditional knowledge 2 Apodonepa and Barreto, (2015); Araújo, Andrade, Nogueira (2023) MT Field / Database Traditional knowledge / Sustainable development 2 Costa et al (2021); Oliveira and Cruz (2018) AM, Field Nesting 2 Pires et al (2019); Barbosa et al (2024) PA, TO Field Source: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014–2024). Analysis of the relationship between meliponiculture and sustainable development enables understanding of how this activity can promote local development while respecting the sociocultural and ecological characteristics of each territory. Particularly in the Legal Amazon, this integration contributes to conservation of biodiversity, food security, quality of life, and mitigation of climate change – topics that have been widely discussed in recent decades. Most of the selected studies are concentrated in the states of Pará and Amazonas. The role of stingless bees in pollination has been widely recognized as essential for maintaining biodiversity and increasing agricultural yield, generating positive impacts on food security and sustainable development of local communities (Constanti and Nogueira 2018; Neu et al. 2016; Abreu and Watanabe 2016; Machado et al. 2024). In contrast, habitat degradation and indiscriminate use of agricultural chemicals have been identified as direct threats to colonies. For the sustainability of meliponiculture, balance between extraction of natural resources and residue generation is of prominent importance. Local imbalances between production and conservation may lead to loss of quality of life, food insecurity, and ecosystem collapse (Neu et al. 2016). In this respect, the studies analyzed reinforce the importance of promoting public policies that consider traditional communities, such as riverine, indigenous, quilombola , and agroextractivist communities, as well residents of agriculture-based villages, recognizing their knowledge and practices as essential elements for social reproduction and environmental conservation. Meliponiculture also stands out as a tool for education and appreciation of traditional knowledge. Studies recommend that this activity be incorporated into environmental education practices, particularly in schools within the Amazon region, contributing to the training of future professionals committed to the conservation of sociobiodiversity (Moura et al. 2022; Costa et al. 2021). Management of native bee populations is particularly important given the risks associated with climate change. From an environmental perspective, it contributes to the conservation of pollinator fauna, forest regeneration, and maintenance of plant diversity (Meireles et al. 2018; Lehmen 2025). Additionally, the quality of the honey produced by native species has come to be recognized. The composition of the honey varies according to the genetics of the species, the flower sources available, and management practices (Castro et al. 2022). Although specific national regulations have not yet been applied, researchers have proposed quality control parameters for honey from stingless bees (Bonagura et al. 2024). In Pará, the ordinance ADEPARÁ no. 7554/2021 establishes criteria for the identity and quality of native bee honey, while the resolution COEMA no. 184/2024 regulates environmental licensing of meliponiculture. At the national level, the ordinance MAPA no. 665/2021 established the National Catalogue of Native Stingless Bees, and the resolution CONAMA no. 496/2020 defines standards for the use and management of these species, revoking resolution no. 346/2004. Physicochemical analyses of the honeys showed variations according to species, the climate, and management practices, highlighting the importance of specific regulations for meliponiculture. The honeys from Melipona flavolineata and M. fasciculata , for example, had higher moisture and acidity and lower pH compared to honeys from Apis mellifera , which affects honey shelf life and requires additional care during harvesting and processing (Castro et al. 2022; Oliveira et al. 2023; Menezes et al. 2018). Furthermore, fermented honeys, such as samburá , are typical products of cultural and nutritional value in Amazon communities (Mendonça Neto et al. 2021). Although the term “agroforestry systems” is not present in all studies, most of them recognize the forest component as essential for the success of managed meliponiculture (Araújo and Sousa 2022; Gemim and Silva 2017; Viana et al. 2021). The association of native bees with crops such as açai palm ( Euterpe oleracea ) has proven to be promising for both environmental restoration and income generation, as the visits of bees to açaí flowers increase their yield and encourage ecological handicrafts (Souza et al. 2018; Neu et al. 2016). The InfoBee platform, developed by Embrapa, has supported those who work with meliponiculture through a digital calendar of flowering periods, indicating botanical species that are most visited by bees in different regions of the Amazon (Lima 2023). For example, Melipona ( Michmelia) paraensis Ducke exhibits wide pollen diversity, and species of the family Fabaceae predominate (Castro et al. 2022). Even species less suitable for honey production, such as Trigona truculenta , are important for the ecosystem service of pollination, especially in areas with agroforestry systems (Pires et al. 2019). Understanding the bee-flower relationship is key for conservation actions and for guiding species selection in AFS projects. Other studies highlighted the importance of thermoregulation in colonies, which can be compromised by temperature extremes, as observed in Melipona interrupta hives. The ideal temperature ranges from 34°C to 36°C, but specific studies in the Amazon are still necessary to understand regional microclimate variations (Pires et al. 2017; Cunha et al. 2025). Sensory analysis of native honeys is also being used to assess product acceptability, considering color, fluidity, aroma, crystallization, and flavor (Pires et al. 2020, 2021). Moreover, water activity and moisture content, especially in samples from Scaptotrigona sp ., affect honey shelf life and stability (Picanço et al. 2018). Finally, the use of by-products from meliponiculture is also significant. An example is the use of geopropolis from Melipona melanoventer for the surface treatment of eggshells, with potential for agroindustrial applications (Galvão et al. 2018). Furthermore, the inadequacy of current legislation regarding pollen from meliponine bees confirms the need for specific regulations, as these products are collected and stored differently than those from bees of the genus Apis (Oliveira et al. 2023). Table 4 Bee species reported in studies conducted in the state of Pará, Brazil. Scientific name Common name Reference Location 1 Frieseomelitta longipes (Smith, 1854) Cacho de uva Fonseca et al (2020); Viana et al (2021) Santarém, Belterra 2 Frieseomelitta sp. Moça branca Souza et al (2017) Resex Tapajós Arapiuns 3 Melipona (Michmelia) paraensis (Ducke, 1916) Jandaíra Castro et al (2022) Mojuí dos Campos 4 Melipona compressipes (Smith, 1854) Jupará, Jandaíra-Preta Gemim and Silva (2017); Pires et al (2019) Belterra 5 Melipona fasciculata (Smith, 1854) Tiúba, Uruçu-Cinzenta Gemim and Silva (2017); Menezes et al (2018); Oliveira et al (2023); Meireles et al (2018) Tracuateua no Nordeste Paraense, Castanhal, Ilha do Mosqueiro, Baião, Mocajuba 6 Melipona flavolineata (Friese, 1900) Uruçu amarela Menezes et al (2018); Viana et al (2021); Machado et al (2024); Neu et al (2016); Oliveira et al (2023); Meireles et al (2018) Tracuateua no Nordeste Paraense, Belterra, PAE Ilha das Onças, Belém, Castanhal, Ilha do Mosqueiro, Baião, Mocajuba 7 Melipona fulva (Lepeletier, 1836) Uruçu-amarela Souza et al (2018) Ilha do Combu, Belém 8 Melipona interrupta (Latreille, 1811) Jandaíra, jandaíra-preta-da-amazônia, jupará Mendonça Neto et al (2021); Moura et al (2022); Fonseca et al (2020); Pires et al (2019); Pires et al (2020); Viana et al (2021); Pires et al (2017) Rio Arapiuns, Santarém, Belterra 9 Melipona melanoventer (Schwarz, 1932) Uruçu da bunda-preta Galvão et al (2018); Meireles et al (2018) Santarém, Baião, Mocajuba 10 Melipona ponclicoliis Unspecified Souza et al (2018) Ilha do Combu, Belém 11 Melipona seminigra (Friese, 1903) Uruçu-Boca-de-Renda Souza et al (2018); Fonseca et al (2020); Gemim and Silva (2017); Pires et al (2020); Viana et al (2021) Ilha do Combu, Belém, Santarém, Belterra 12 Melipona sp Uruçu, jandaira- -da-Amazônia Mendonça Neto et al (2021); Maia et al (2020); Souza et al (2017); Pires et al (2020); Viana et al (2021); Freitas et al (2022) Rio Arapiuns, Santarém, Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, Resex Tapajós Arapiuns, Cachoeira do Arari 13 Melipona subnitida (Ducke, 1910) Jandaíra Maia et al (2020) Santarém, Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos 14 Oxytrigona mellicolor (Packard, 1869) Abelha-de-fogo ou tataíra Souza et al (2018) Ilha do Combu, Belém 15 Partamona aequitoriana Não especificado 16 Partamona epiphytophila (Pedro & Camargo, 2003) Cupira 17 Plebeia mínima (Gribodo, 1893) Jataí mirim” or “mosquito Viana et al (2021) Belterra 18 Plebeia sp. Mirim Souza et al (2018) Ilha do Combu, Belém 19 Scaptotrigona aff. Xanthotricha (Moure, 1950) Canudo amarela, mandaguari-amarela Fonseca et al (2020); Pires et al (2020a); Pires et al (2020b); Viana et al (2021) Santarém, Belterra 20 Scaptotrigona polystica (Moure, 1950) Pinto caído Mendonça Neto et al (2021); Pires et al (2020) Rio Arapiuns, Santarém, Belterra 21 Scaptotrigona sp Canudo Mendonça Neto et al (2021); Moura et al (2022); Gemim and Silva (2017); Maia et al (2020); Souza et al (2017); Picanço et al (2018) Rio Arapiuns, Santarém, Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, Resex Tapajós Arapiuns 22 Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804) Serena, borá Pires et al (2021) Belterra 23 Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) Jataí Fonseca et al (2020); Pires et al (2019); Maia et al (2020); Pires et al (2021); Viana et al (2021) Santarém, Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos 24 Trigona amalthea (Olivier, 1789) Jandaíra-preta Souza et al (2018) Ilha do Combu, Belém 25 Trigona amazonensis (Ducke, 1916) Guaxupé, xupé-grande or corta-cabelo Araújo et al (2023) Unspecified 26 Trigona fulviventris (Guérin, 1835) Abelha-cachorro Souza et al (2018) Ilha do Combu, Belém 27 Trigona seminigra (Friese, 1903) Uruçu-boca-de-renda, jandaíra-alaranjada-de-manaus 28 Trigona silvestriana (Vachal, 1908) Abelha-sanharó, sanharão 29 Trigona spinipes (Fabricius, 1793) Irapuá 30 Trigona truculenta (Almeida, 1984) Sanharão Pires et al (2019) Belterra Source: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014–2024). The state of Pará stood out among the studies analyzed, with the largest number of records regarding meliponiculture. Nine genera and 30 species of native bees were identified, with the most recurrent genera being Melipona (11 species) and Trigona (7 species). The most cited species included Melipona interrupta (8 times), Melipona sp. (6), Melipona flavolineata (6), Scaptotrigona sp. (6), Melipona seminigra (5), and Tetragonisca angustula (5), among others (Table 4 ). With the growth in the market for stingless bee honey, physicochemical studies of these products in Pará have gained relevance, both for characterization and for comparison with honey from Apis mellifera (Menezes et al. 2018). Nevertheless, other approaches have also been noteworthy in the region. In Santarém, Moura et al. (2022) developed an educational project with adolescents regarding the origin of honey and the importance of pollination, and the honey from native bees obtained good acceptability. In the riverine community of Anã, in the Resex Tapajós-Arapiuns reserve, Gama and Brasileiro (2024) and Gama et al (2024) described meliponiculture as an innovative socio-productive chain, associated with combating climate change and the generation of local income. In homegardens in the Santarém metropolitan region, a study examines the rearing of easily managed species, such as jandaíra ( Melipona subnitida ), jataí ( Tetragonisca angustula ), canudo ( Scaptotrigona sp. ), and uruçu ( Melipona sp. ), using plants such as cipó-mel ( Antigonon leptopus ), cupuaçu ( Theobroma grandiflorum ), and açaí ( Euterpe oleracea ). These activities reinforce the role of meliponiculture in food provision and food security (Maia et al. 2020). In the Resex Tapajós–Arapiuns reserve, producers manage species such as Scaptotrigona sp. (canudo amarelo), Melipona sp. (jandaíra-da-Amazônia), and Frieseomelitta sp. (moça branca), in which pollination is highlighted as one of the main benefits from the activity, especially for agricultural crops (Souza et al. 2017). Adequate management of the meliponicultural pasture is essential for pollination of fruit crops; the species Melipona fasciculata (uruçu cinzenta), Melipona flavolineata (uruçu amarela), and Melipona melanoventer (uruçu da bunda-preta) are recognized for their role in agriculture (Meireles et al. 2018). Nevertheless, challenges remain. In Belterra, PA, impacts from the loss of habitat and the use of agricultural chemicals in proximity to meliponaries have been observed, directly affecting development of the activity (Viana et al. 2021). The findings of this systematic review of the literature are also consistent with more recent observations of Viana et al (2021), who highlight the importance of the structure and floristic diversity of agroforestry systems in maintaining colonies of native stingless bees. According to the authors, the continuous presence of mellitophilous plant species in the AFSs favors the provision of trophic resources throughout the year, promoting not only colony stability, but also intensification of ecosystem services, such as pollination of agricultural crops and native forest species. This study reaffirms that biodiverse and well-managed agroforestry arrangements are essential for successful integration of meliponiculture, acting as a bridge between biodiversity conservation and the economic sustainability of Amazon communities. This evidence confirms the strategic role of AFSs as a foundation for integrated public policies for sustainable rural development, environmental conservation, and food security. Final considerations The integration of meliponiculture with agroforestry systems constitutes a promising strategy for recovery of degraded areas and promotion of sustainable development in the Amazon region, combining environmental, economic, and social benefits. The reviewed literature highlights the central role of native stingless bees in maintaining biodiversity, in food security, and in income generation for family farmers and traditional communities. Pollination stands out as an essential ecosystem service and directly influences both agricultural productivity and honey quality and composition, It also contributes to regeneration of productive landscapes and to regional ecological balance. The predominance of studies in the state of Pará confirms its relevance as a strategic hub for advancing meliponiculture in the Eastern Amazon. Nevertheless, the observed panorama reveals important gaps. These include a lack of specific public policies, of adequate regulation of meliponiculture products, of continuous technical assistance, and of incentives for applied research, especially that which integrates ecological, sociocultural, and economic dimensions. The absence of specific federal standards for honey from stingless bees, for example, compromises adding value and reliable commercialization of this product on a large scale. In this context, strengthening sociobiodiversity production chains is recommended through integrated actions among research institutions, rural extension services, public authorities, and community organizations. Meliponiculture, in combination with agroforestry systems, should be recognized as a strategic activity for meeting environmental, economic, and social goals in Amazon territories, effectively contributing to facing the challenges of climate change, to ecological restoration, and to appreciation of traditional knowledge. Declarations Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing inter ests. Authors’ contributions: E.S.S and M.P.M.B. contributed to the conceptualization and wrote the main manuscript text. D.S.P.contributed to the study conception and design. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Acknowledgments : Our thanks to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the doctoral scholarship granted to the first author, to the Graduate Studies Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE network (PPG-BIONORTE), and to the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) for the opportunity to carry out this research. References Abreu LS, Watanabe MA (2016) Agricultores familiares do Sul da Amazônia: Desafios e estratégias para inovação agroecológica de sistemas de produção. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11:114. 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Viana APS, Pauletto D, Gama JRV, Pires AP, Azevedo HHF, Pacheco A (2021) Meliponiculture in agroforestry systems in Belterra, Pará, Brazil. Acta Apicola Brasilica 9: e7913. https://doi.org/10.18378/aab.v9i0.7913 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8534684","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":585940951,"identity":"7405efcb-d9f3-4909-b67e-ea8f7adfa988","order_by":0,"name":"Elaine da Silva Santos","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"REDE DE BIODIVERSIDADE E BIOTECNOLOGIA DA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL - Rede BIONORTE","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Elaine","middleName":"da Silva","lastName":"Santos","suffix":""},{"id":585940952,"identity":"d9bf1414-2e7e-45a0-a0a4-94a7be6d7f96","order_by":1,"name":"Michelliny Pinheiro de Matos Bentes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michelliny","middleName":"Pinheiro de Matos","lastName":"Bentes","suffix":""},{"id":585940953,"identity":"05267cc7-6a47-4e1b-a18e-5ab082f5f430","order_by":2,"name":"Daniel Santiago Pereira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"Santiago","lastName":"Pereira","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-06 20:08:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8534684/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8534684/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102036126,"identity":"a11e3ffb-85d3-4d30-ac21-23ed7bfef9b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-06 12:03:36","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44843,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlow diagram of the study selection process according to the PRISMA 2020 model, adapted for an integrative, systematic review, adapted from Galvão et al (2022). Source: prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014–2024).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8534684/v1/92224f4322eecab5abd20b9d.png"},{"id":102295485,"identity":"1cc842a7-c531-44d0-88c5-20016dabbb13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-10 10:11:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":922891,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8534684/v1/d69c28ad-e703-4f9f-96ab-d44ffba463fc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in western Pará, Brazil: contributions to conservation, income, and ecosystem services","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAgroforestry systems (AFSs) are consolidated practices that integrate agricultural management with forest species and native vegetation, promoting sustainable use of the land, biodiversity conservation, and improvement of the quality of life in rural areas (Schembergue et al. 2017; Lobo et al. 2021). As AFSs promote environments with greater biological diversity and offer production alternatives in harmony with natural ecosystems, AFSs have become a reference in policies of sustainability and recovery of degraded areas, especially in the Brazilian Amazon (Costa et al. 2022).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe association between AFSs and meliponiculture represents a synergistic strategy with potential for generating positive impacts in three fundamental dimensions: ecological, economic, and social. This integration, as Gemim and Silva (2017) highlight, contributes to increased agricultural production, crop pollination, and conservation of native flora. In addition, it strengthens family farming and generation of income through the commercialization of honey and other products of sociobiodiversity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNative stingless bees, belonging to the tribe Meliponini, play an essential role in maintaining tropical ecosystems, both by their pollination efficiency and their connection with ancestral cultural practices (Barbi\u0026eacute;ri and Francoy 2020; Gonzales et al. 2021). However, as Silva and Ferrarezi Junior (2022) warn, anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, indiscriminate use of agricultural chemicals, and climate change have caused an alarming decline in these populations, negatively affecting agricultural production and biodiversity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeliponiculture, or managed rearing of native stingless bees, is an ancient practice, recorded prior to European colonization of the Americas. Paulo Nogueira Neto coined the term in 1953, significantly contributing to scientific systematization of the activity in Brazil. Currently, this management practice is widespread among indigenous peoples, riverine communities, and family farmers, especially in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil (Castro et al. 2022). In western Par\u0026aacute;, the activity has intensified through research, training, and transfer of technologies aimed at valuing traditional knowledge and encouragement of regional bioeconomies (Oliveira et al. 2022).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe adoption of sustainable production techniques, such as AFSs and meliponiculture, directly addresses contemporary challenges related to food security, environmental conservation, and the climate crisis. The diversity of melliferous plants in agroforestry systems, for example, increases the resilience of apiaries in periods of climate instability and improves colony productivity (Paray et al. 2021; Santos et al. 2023). This diversity also promotes in situ conservation of native species and ecosystem services fundamental for agroecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Agricultural Census of 2017 indicates the existence of approximately 5\u0026nbsp;million properties with some type of AFS in Brazil, and more than 4.9\u0026nbsp;million include forest species associated with crop cultivation or animal raising (IBGE 2017). These figures show the potential of these systems in integrating conservation and production, particularly in Amazon territories.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this context, meliponiculture plays a strategic role in integrating the production chains of Amazon sociobiodiversity, with considerable potential in contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially those related to zero hunger (SDG 2), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and action against global climate change (SDG 13) (Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe growing body of scientific research directed toward integration of meliponiculture and AFSs reflects the maturation of this field and the search for nature-based solutions. Identifying the trends, progress, and gaps in this research requires robust methodological approaches. A systematic review of the literature with state of the art (SOTA) analysis allows critical understanding of the development of this topic over time, considering evidence, impacts, and future directions (Santos et al. 2020; Da Costa and Silva et al. 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo ensure transparency and scientific reproducibility, this study adopts the recommendations of the PRISMA statement, an internationally recognized protocol for conducting and reporting systematic reviews. The PRISMA statement and its extensions are a set of evidence-based recommendations aimed at complete and transparent performance and reporting of systematic reviews (Sarkis-Onofre et al. 2021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this context, the SOTA study emerges as a methodological approach with specific development and elaboration criteria that goes beyond mere descriptive mapping of academic production. It is an in-depth bibliographical analysis that identifies progress, gaps, and trends in knowledge (Santos et al. 2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, the aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature published from 2014 to 2024 on the integration between agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in the Amazon region, with an emphasis on evidence from research, innovation, and technology transfer applicable to the reality of western Par\u0026aacute;, Brazil.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study adopted an integrative systematic literature review method, with the aim of mapping, analyzing, and synthesizing scientific evidence published from 2014 to 2024 regarding the integration of agroforestry systems (AFSs) and meliponiculture in the Brazilian Amazon, with an emphasis on the ecological, economic, and social contributions of these sustainable production arrangements in western Par\u0026aacute;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrative review was chosen because of its ability to bring together different methodological approaches (quantitative and qualitative), allowing a comprehensive analysis of the experiences, gaps, and scientific advances on this topic (Souza and Silva, Carvalho 2019). The analysis protocol followed the updated guidelines of PRISMA 2020 \u0026ndash; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, recommended by high-impact journals to ensure clarity, rigor, and methodological transparency (Galv\u0026atilde;o et al. 2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearches were carried out between October 2024 and February 2025 in the following electronic databases: ScienceDirect, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Journals portal. The time frame (2014\u0026ndash;2024) was defined based on the intensification of scientific debates on ecosystem services, environmental restoration, sociobiodiversity, and bioeconomies in the Amazon region. Portuguese language descriptors and Boolean operators were used to enhance the precision of the results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe following search terms were used: \u0026ldquo;esp\u0026eacute;cies florestais mel\u0026iacute;feras Amaz\u0026ocirc;nia\u0026rdquo; (\u0026ldquo;Amazon meliferous forest species\u0026rdquo;); \"sistemas agroflorestais melit\u0026oacute;filos\" (\u0026ldquo;melitophilous agroforestry systems\u0026rdquo;); \"sistemas agroflorestais restaura\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o OR ambiental \u0026ldquo;abelhas sem ferr\u0026atilde;o\u0026rdquo;\" (agroforestry systems restoration OR environmental \u0026ldquo;stingless bees\u0026rdquo;\u0026rdquo;); \"Oeste do Par\u0026aacute; agricultura OR familiar \u0026ldquo;abelhas sem ferr\u0026atilde;o\u0026rdquo;\" (western Par\u0026aacute; agriculture OR family \u0026ldquo;stingless bees\u0026rdquo;\u0026rdquo;); \"cria\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o racional de abelhas nativas \u0026ldquo;Oeste do Par\u0026aacute;\u0026rdquo;\" (\u0026ldquo;managed rearing of native bees \u0026ldquo;western Par\u0026aacute;\u0026rdquo;\u0026rdquo;); \"abelhas sem ferr\u0026atilde;o Oeste OR do OR Par\u0026aacute; \u0026ldquo;restaura\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o ambiental\u0026rdquo;\" (\u0026ldquo;stingless bees western OR of OR Par\u0026aacute; \u0026ldquo;environmental restoration\u0026rdquo;\u0026rdquo;); and \"abelhas sem ferr\u0026atilde;o Amaz\u0026ocirc;nia OR Par\u0026aacute; \u0026ldquo;restaura\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o ambiental\u0026rdquo;\" (\u0026ldquo;stingless bees Amazon OR Par\u0026aacute; \u0026ldquo;environmental restoration\u0026rdquo;\u0026rdquo;).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024; studies developed in the context of the Brazilian Amazon, preferentially with data or analyses related to western Par\u0026aacute;; studies that directly or indirectly addressed the integration between AFSs and meliponiculture; and studies focusing on ecosystem services, social reproduction, bioeconomics, ecological restoration, family farming, or pollinator conservation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe exclusion criteria included duplicate studies, non-peer-reviewed trials, gray literature (theses, dissertations, technical reports, and conference proceedings); publications without empirical data or without relationship to the Amazon territory; and studies exclusively focused on exotic species or on non-integrated conventional production systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selection process followed the four steps of the PRISMA protocol (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion), as illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the end of the screening process, 53 scientific articles that met the established criteria were included. These studies were organized by thematic categories (ecology, production, sociocultural studies, and economics) and analyzed based on the geographic region of coverage, the AFS model adopted, the bee species involved, and the strategies of appreciation of biodiversity and local knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe guiding question of the review was framed as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDoes the scientific literature published between 2014 and 2024 provide evidence regarding integrated adoption of agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in the Amazon region, particularly in western Par\u0026aacute;, as a sustainable development strategy aiming at conservation of biodiversity, the strengthening of family farming, and the mitigation of climate crises?\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering the Amazon context, and especially the territorial and environmental dynamics of western Par\u0026aacute;, it has become ever more important to identify production arrangements that promote sustainable land use, the increased presence of pollinators, appreciation for native species, and income generation for traditional communities. Recent studies caution that changes in land use and cover, driven by anthropogenic pressures, are changing climate dynamics and accelerating processes of forest degradation, with direct impacts on tree diversity and the social reproduction of rural populations (Freitas et al. 2024; Castro et al. 2022).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, this review seeks to systematize the main findings and trends of scientific production over the past decade, contributing to the development of sustainable strategies based on evidence, the transfer of social technologies, and coordination among science, territory, and local communities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e presents the flow diagram of the process of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of the selected studies, according to the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020 protocol; and the process carried out to classify the studies found within the scope of the research can be observed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic search in the selected databases resulted in initial identification of 2667 publications related to meliponiculture in the Legal Amazon (Amazon administrative region) from 2014 to 2024. After title screening, abstract reading, removal of duplicates, and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 53 articles were considered eligible for final analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe state of Par\u0026aacute; accounted for the largest number of publications, particularly studies conducted in western Par\u0026aacute;, showing a growing body of scientific research addressing integration of meliponiculture, biodiversity, and sustainable land-use practices. This regional pattern reflects the academic interest for areas where the relationship between traditional communities, forests, and production systems is more evident and coordinated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe articles were organized into six major thematic axes, namely:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of honey and by-products \u0026ndash; studies addressing physicochemical, microbiological, and nutritional aspects of honey from native bees;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainable development \u0026ndash; focused on integration of production, environmental conservation, and food security;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental education \u0026ndash; highlighting activities of training communities and schools in managing stingless bees;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollination \u0026ndash; addressing the ecological role of bees and their contribution to agricultural productivity;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiodiversity \u0026ndash; studies on species conservation, melliferous flora, and associated fauna;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry systems (AFSs) \u0026ndash; especially those that combine agroecological practices and ecological restoration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThematic categorization reinforces the interdisciplinary nature of meliponiculture, showing its relevance in the fields of applied ecology, agroecology, bioeconomics, and environmental education. In addition, the diversity of focus areas found in these publications suggests theoretical and methodological maturation in research developed in the region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the IBGE (2017), the territorial extension of the Legal Amazon area is 5,015,146.008 km\u0026sup2;, representing approximately 58.93% of Brazilian territory. This region comprises 772 municipalities/counties across nine states: Rond\u0026ocirc;nia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Par\u0026aacute;, Amap\u0026aacute;, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, and part of Maranh\u0026atilde;o. The geographic and ecological extent of the Legal Amazon, combined with the sociocultural diversity of the populations that inhabit it, explains the volume of studies concentrated in territories where traditional meliponiculture is maintained as an ancestral and sustainable practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e presents the distribution of articles per Brazilian state, considering the locations specified in the studies. Studies classified as \u0026ldquo;not specified\u0026rdquo; refer to bibliographical reviews or general studies that deal with meliponiculture in the Amazon as a whole, without defined territorial delimitation. This classification allowed differentiation of the studies with a clear geographic location from those with a broader approach.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of studies found for each state of the Legal Amazon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eState\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of studies (n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmap\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmazonas\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaranh\u0026atilde;o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMato Grosso\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePar\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRond\u0026ocirc;nia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoraima\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTocantins\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTOTAL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on systematic review of the literature (2014\u0026ndash;2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the Legal Amazon, a significant milestone for scientific development of meliponiculture was the arrival of the researcher Dr. Warwick E. Kerr at the Federal University of Maranh\u0026atilde;o (Universidade Federal do Maranh\u0026atilde;o - UFMA) after his retirement from the University of S\u0026atilde;o Paulo (USP). His activity contributed decisively to promote scientific study, training of new researchers, and integration of academic and traditional knowledge in the region (Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBees, recognized as key pollination agents, play a fundamental ecological role in tropical ecosystems. During foraging, bees collect nectar and pollen, promoting not only maintenance and survival of the colonies but also fertilization of flowers, ensuring perpetuation of plant species. This interaction improves seed and fruit quality and significantly contributes to an increase in agricultural productivity, especially in agroecologically based systems (Severino, Reis, Ortiz 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the 53 selected articles revealed considerable thematic diversity, showing the interdisciplinary and complex nature of meliponiculture in the Amazon. Publications were grouped into 15 main thematic categories, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The most frequent themes are listed below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrouping of the selected studies by macro-thematic axes in state of the art analysis of meliponiculture and agroforestry systems in the Legal Amazon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThematic axis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThematic category\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of studies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHive quality and products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality of honey and by-products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduct use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainable development\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainable development / Environmental education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcological functions\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePollination\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBiodiversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermoregulation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntegrated production systems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry systems / Sustainable development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry homegardens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnowledge and biology of the species\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional knowledge / Sustainable development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNesting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014\u0026ndash;2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, most studies focus on the physicochemical aspects of honey and its by-products (13 publications), showing a predominantly technological approach. In contrast, themes such as product use and environmental education are still incipient, with only one study each, indicating potential areas for future investigations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis classification allows for an understanding of the thematic scope of scientific production over the past decade, reflecting growing academic interest in sustainable practices that integrate ecology, culture, technology, and local economies. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e presents the quantitative synthesis of the identified categories.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash; Distribution of the selected studies by thematic focus in construction of the state of the art on meliponiculture and agroforestry systems in the Legal Amazon (2014\u0026ndash;2024)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThematic focus (macrotheme)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThematic sub-category\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. of studies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStates\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of study\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnology and Quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHoney quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendon\u0026ccedil;a Neto et al (2021); Oliveira et al (2023); Castro et al (2022); Pican\u0026ccedil;o et al (2018); Menezes, Mattietto, Louren\u0026ccedil;o (2018); Fernandes, Dias, Barreto (2022); Aguiar et al (2016); Pires et al (2020b); Cir\u0026iacute;aco et al (2021); Freitas et al (2022); Pinto et al (2022); Amud et al (2022); Ten\u0026oacute;rio, Sousa, Carvalho Neta (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, AM, AC, MA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Laboratory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePires et al (2020); Pires et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Laboratory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduct use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGalv\u0026atilde;o et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaboratory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainable development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGama et al (2024); Souza and Chalco (2017); Soares (2014); Gama and Brasileiro (2024); Cipriano Neto, Ara\u0026uacute;jo, Louzada (2024); Souza et al (2018b); Costanti and Nogueira (2018); Silva et al (2023); Meireles et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, AM, AP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase study / Field\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainability / Environmental education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeu et al (2016); Fernandes et al (2018); Azambuja et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAM, PA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtension / Project\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoura et al. (2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtension / Project\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological functions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaia-Silva et al (2024); Souza et al (2018); Pimentel et al (2020); Rocha et al (2022); Correia et al (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, AM, AC, MT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiodiversity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFonseca et al (2020); Costa-Neto et al (2016); Machado et al (2024; Freitas and Novais (2014; Correia, Pires, Peruquetti (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, TO, AC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Database\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermoregulation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePires et al (2017a); Caldas et al (2024)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, MA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemim and Silva (2017); Viana et al (2021); Ara\u0026uacute;jo and Sousa (2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, AM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Production arrangements / Database\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry systems / Sustainable development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbreu and Watanabe (2016)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Production arrangements / Database\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry homegardens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaia et al (2020); Francisco et al (2016)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Production arrangements / Database\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge and biology of the species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional knowledge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApodonepa and Barreto, (2015); Ara\u0026uacute;jo, Andrade, Nogueira (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField / Database\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional knowledge / Sustainable development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCosta et al (2021); Oliveira and Cruz (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAM,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNesting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePires et al (2019); Barbosa et al (2024)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePA, TO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eField\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014\u0026ndash;2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the relationship between meliponiculture and sustainable development enables understanding of how this activity can promote local development while respecting the sociocultural and ecological characteristics of each territory. Particularly in the Legal Amazon, this integration contributes to conservation of biodiversity, food security, quality of life, and mitigation of climate change \u0026ndash; topics that have been widely discussed in recent decades. Most of the selected studies are concentrated in the states of Par\u0026aacute; and Amazonas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role of stingless bees in pollination has been widely recognized as essential for maintaining biodiversity and increasing agricultural yield, generating positive impacts on food security and sustainable development of local communities (Constanti and Nogueira 2018; Neu et al. 2016; Abreu and Watanabe 2016; Machado et al. 2024). In contrast, habitat degradation and indiscriminate use of agricultural chemicals have been identified as direct threats to colonies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the sustainability of meliponiculture, balance between extraction of natural resources and residue generation is of prominent importance. Local imbalances between production and conservation may lead to loss of quality of life, food insecurity, and ecosystem collapse (Neu et al. 2016). In this respect, the studies analyzed reinforce the importance of promoting public policies that consider traditional communities, such as riverine, indigenous, \u003cem\u003equilombola\u003c/em\u003e, and agroextractivist communities, as well residents of agriculture-based villages, recognizing their knowledge and practices as essential elements for social reproduction and environmental conservation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeliponiculture also stands out as a tool for education and appreciation of traditional knowledge. Studies recommend that this activity be incorporated into environmental education practices, particularly in schools within the Amazon region, contributing to the training of future professionals committed to the conservation of sociobiodiversity (Moura et al. 2022; Costa et al. 2021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of native bee populations is particularly important given the risks associated with climate change. From an environmental perspective, it contributes to the conservation of pollinator fauna, forest regeneration, and maintenance of plant diversity (Meireles et al. 2018; Lehmen 2025). Additionally, the quality of the honey produced by native species has come to be recognized. The composition of the honey varies according to the genetics of the species, the flower sources available, and management practices (Castro et al. 2022). Although specific national regulations have not yet been applied, researchers have proposed quality control parameters for honey from stingless bees (Bonagura et al. 2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Par\u0026aacute;, the ordinance ADEPAR\u0026Aacute; no. 7554/2021 establishes criteria for the identity and quality of native bee honey, while the resolution COEMA no. 184/2024 regulates environmental licensing of meliponiculture. At the national level, the ordinance MAPA no. 665/2021 established the National Catalogue of Native Stingless Bees, and the resolution CONAMA no. 496/2020 defines standards for the use and management of these species, revoking resolution no. 346/2004.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysicochemical analyses of the honeys showed variations according to species, the climate, and management practices, highlighting the importance of specific regulations for meliponiculture. The honeys from \u003cem\u003eMelipona flavolineata\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. fasciculata\u003c/em\u003e, for example, had higher moisture and acidity and lower pH compared to honeys from \u003cem\u003eApis mellifera\u003c/em\u003e, which affects honey shelf life and requires additional care during harvesting and processing (Castro et al. 2022; Oliveira et al. 2023; Menezes et al. 2018). Furthermore, fermented honeys, such as \u003cem\u003esambur\u0026aacute;\u003c/em\u003e, are typical products of cultural and nutritional value in Amazon communities (Mendon\u0026ccedil;a Neto et al. 2021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough the term \u0026ldquo;agroforestry systems\u0026rdquo; is not present in all studies, most of them recognize the forest component as essential for the success of managed meliponiculture (Ara\u0026uacute;jo and Sousa 2022; Gemim and Silva 2017; Viana et al. 2021). The association of native bees with crops such as a\u0026ccedil;ai palm (\u003cem\u003eEuterpe oleracea\u003c/em\u003e) has proven to be promising for both environmental restoration and income generation, as the visits of bees to a\u0026ccedil;a\u0026iacute; flowers increase their yield and encourage ecological handicrafts (Souza et al. 2018; Neu et al. 2016).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe InfoBee platform, developed by Embrapa, has supported those who work with meliponiculture through a digital calendar of flowering periods, indicating botanical species that are most visited by bees in different regions of the Amazon (Lima 2023). For example, \u003cem\u003eMelipona\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eMichmelia) paraensis\u003c/em\u003e Ducke exhibits wide pollen diversity, and species of the family Fabaceae predominate (Castro et al. 2022).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEven species less suitable for honey production, such as \u003cem\u003eTrigona truculenta\u003c/em\u003e, are important for the ecosystem service of pollination, especially in areas with agroforestry systems (Pires et al. 2019). Understanding the bee-flower relationship is key for conservation actions and for guiding species selection in AFS projects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther studies highlighted the importance of thermoregulation in colonies, which can be compromised by temperature extremes, as observed in \u003cem\u003eMelipona interrupta\u003c/em\u003e hives. The ideal temperature ranges from 34\u0026deg;C to 36\u0026deg;C, but specific studies in the Amazon are still necessary to understand regional microclimate variations (Pires et al. 2017; Cunha et al. 2025).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory analysis of native honeys is also being used to assess product acceptability, considering color, fluidity, aroma, crystallization, and flavor (Pires et al. 2020, 2021). Moreover, water activity and moisture content, especially in samples from \u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona sp\u003c/em\u003e., affect honey shelf life and stability (Pican\u0026ccedil;o et al. 2018).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, the use of by-products from meliponiculture is also significant. An example is the use of geopropolis from \u003cem\u003eMelipona melanoventer\u003c/em\u003e for the surface treatment of eggshells, with potential for agroindustrial applications (Galv\u0026atilde;o et al. 2018). Furthermore, the inadequacy of current legislation regarding pollen from meliponine bees confirms the need for specific regulations, as these products are collected and stored differently than those from bees of the genus \u003cem\u003eApis\u003c/em\u003e (Oliveira et al. 2023).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBee species reported in studies conducted in the state of Par\u0026aacute;, Brazil.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFrieseomelitta longipes\u003c/em\u003e (Smith, 1854)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCacho de uva\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFonseca et al (2020); Viana et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFrieseomelitta sp.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMo\u0026ccedil;a branca\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2017)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResex Tapaj\u0026oacute;s Arapiuns\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona (Michmelia) paraensis\u003c/em\u003e (Ducke, 1916)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJanda\u0026iacute;ra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCastro et al (2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoju\u0026iacute; dos Campos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona compressipes\u003c/em\u003e (Smith, 1854)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJupar\u0026aacute;, Janda\u0026iacute;ra-Preta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemim and Silva (2017); Pires et al (2019)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona fasciculata\u003c/em\u003e (Smith, 1854)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTi\u0026uacute;ba, Uru\u0026ccedil;u-Cinzenta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemim and Silva (2017); Menezes et al (2018); Oliveira et al (2023); Meireles et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracuateua no Nordeste Paraense, Castanhal, Ilha do Mosqueiro, Bai\u0026atilde;o, Mocajuba\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona flavolineata\u003c/em\u003e (Friese, 1900)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUru\u0026ccedil;u amarela\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMenezes et al (2018); Viana et al (2021); Machado et al (2024); Neu et al (2016); Oliveira et al (2023); Meireles et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracuateua no Nordeste Paraense, Belterra, PAE Ilha das On\u0026ccedil;as, Bel\u0026eacute;m, Castanhal, Ilha do Mosqueiro, Bai\u0026atilde;o, Mocajuba\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona fulva\u003c/em\u003e (Lepeletier, 1836)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUru\u0026ccedil;u-amarela\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona interrupta\u003c/em\u003e (Latreille, 1811)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJanda\u0026iacute;ra, janda\u0026iacute;ra-preta-da-amaz\u0026ocirc;nia, jupar\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendon\u0026ccedil;a Neto et al (2021); Moura et al (2022); Fonseca et al (2020); Pires et al (2019); Pires et al (2020); Viana et al (2021); Pires et al (2017)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRio Arapiuns, Santar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona melanoventer\u003c/em\u003e (Schwarz, 1932)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUru\u0026ccedil;u da bunda-preta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGalv\u0026atilde;o et al (2018); Meireles et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantar\u0026eacute;m, Bai\u0026atilde;o, Mocajuba\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona ponclicoliis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnspecified\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona seminigra\u003c/em\u003e (Friese, 1903)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUru\u0026ccedil;u-Boca-de-Renda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018); Fonseca et al (2020); Gemim and Silva (2017); Pires et al (2020); Viana et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m, Santar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona sp\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUru\u0026ccedil;u, jandaira- -da-Amaz\u0026ocirc;nia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendon\u0026ccedil;a Neto et al (2021); Maia et al (2020); Souza et al (2017); Pires et al (2020); Viana et al (2021); Freitas et al (2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRio Arapiuns, Santar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra, Moju\u0026iacute; dos Campos, Resex Tapaj\u0026oacute;s Arapiuns, Cachoeira do Arari\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelipona subnitida\u003c/em\u003e (Ducke, 1910)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJanda\u0026iacute;ra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaia et al (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra, Moju\u0026iacute; dos Campos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOxytrigona mellicolor\u003c/em\u003e (Packard, 1869)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbelha-de-fogo ou tata\u0026iacute;ra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePartamona aequitoriana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u0026atilde;o especificado\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePartamona epiphytophila\u003c/em\u003e (Pedro \u0026amp; Camargo,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2003)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCupira\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlebeia m\u0026iacute;nima\u003c/em\u003e (Gribodo, 1893)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJata\u0026iacute; mirim\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;mosquito\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eViana et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlebeia sp.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMirim\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona aff. Xanthotricha\u003c/em\u003e (Moure, 1950)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanudo amarela, mandaguari-amarela\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFonseca et al (2020); Pires et al (2020a); Pires et al (2020b); Viana et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona polystica\u003c/em\u003e (Moure, 1950)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinto ca\u0026iacute;do\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendon\u0026ccedil;a Neto et al (2021); Pires et al (2020)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRio Arapiuns, Santar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona sp\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCanudo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMendon\u0026ccedil;a Neto et al (2021); Moura et al (2022); Gemim and Silva (2017); Maia et al (2020); Souza et al (2017); Pican\u0026ccedil;o et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRio Arapiuns, Santar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra, Moju\u0026iacute; dos Campos, Resex Tapaj\u0026oacute;s Arapiuns\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTetragona clavipes\u003c/em\u003e (Fabricius, 1804)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerena, bor\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePires et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTetragonisca angustula\u003c/em\u003e (Latreille, 1811)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJata\u0026iacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFonseca et al (2020); Pires et al (2019); Maia et al (2020); Pires et al (2021); Viana et al (2021)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantar\u0026eacute;m, Belterra, Moju\u0026iacute; dos Campos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona amalthea\u003c/em\u003e (Olivier, 1789)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJanda\u0026iacute;ra-preta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona amazonensis\u003c/em\u003e (Ducke, 1916)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuaxup\u0026eacute;, xup\u0026eacute;-grande or corta-cabelo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAra\u0026uacute;jo et al (2023)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnspecified\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona fulviventris\u003c/em\u003e (Gu\u0026eacute;rin, 1835)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbelha-cachorro\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouza et al (2018)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIlha do Combu, Bel\u0026eacute;m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona seminigra\u003c/em\u003e (Friese, 1903)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUru\u0026ccedil;u-boca-de-renda, janda\u0026iacute;ra-alaranjada-de-manaus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona silvestriana\u003c/em\u003e (Vachal, 1908)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbelha-sanhar\u0026oacute;, sanhar\u0026atilde;o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona spinipes\u003c/em\u003e (Fabricius, 1793)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIrapu\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrigona truculenta\u003c/em\u003e (Almeida, 1984)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSanhar\u0026atilde;o\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePires et al (2019)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelterra\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource: Prepared by the authors (2025), based on a systematic review of the literature (2014\u0026ndash;2024).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe state of Par\u0026aacute; stood out among the studies analyzed, with the largest number of records regarding meliponiculture. Nine genera and 30 species of native bees were identified, with the most recurrent genera being \u003cem\u003eMelipona\u003c/em\u003e (11 species) and \u003cem\u003eTrigona\u003c/em\u003e (7 species). The most cited species included \u003cem\u003eMelipona interrupta\u003c/em\u003e (8 times), \u003cem\u003eMelipona sp.\u003c/em\u003e (6), \u003cem\u003eMelipona flavolineata\u003c/em\u003e (6), \u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona sp.\u003c/em\u003e (6), \u003cem\u003eMelipona seminigra\u003c/em\u003e (5), and \u003cem\u003eTetragonisca angustula\u003c/em\u003e (5), among others (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the growth in the market for stingless bee honey, physicochemical studies of these products in Par\u0026aacute; have gained relevance, both for characterization and for comparison with honey from \u003cem\u003eApis mellifera\u003c/em\u003e (Menezes et al. 2018). Nevertheless, other approaches have also been noteworthy in the region.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Santar\u0026eacute;m, Moura et al. (2022) developed an educational project with adolescents regarding the origin of honey and the importance of pollination, and the honey from native bees obtained good acceptability. In the riverine community of An\u0026atilde;, in the Resex Tapaj\u0026oacute;s-Arapiuns reserve, Gama and Brasileiro (2024) and Gama et al (2024) described meliponiculture as an innovative socio-productive chain, associated with combating climate change and the generation of local income.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn homegardens in the Santar\u0026eacute;m metropolitan region, a study examines the rearing of easily managed species, such as janda\u0026iacute;ra (\u003cem\u003eMelipona subnitida\u003c/em\u003e), jata\u0026iacute; (\u003cem\u003eTetragonisca angustula\u003c/em\u003e), canudo (\u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona sp.\u003c/em\u003e), and uru\u0026ccedil;u (\u003cem\u003eMelipona sp.\u003c/em\u003e), using plants such as cip\u0026oacute;-mel (\u003cem\u003eAntigonon leptopus\u003c/em\u003e), cupua\u0026ccedil;u (\u003cem\u003eTheobroma grandiflorum\u003c/em\u003e), and a\u0026ccedil;a\u0026iacute; (\u003cem\u003eEuterpe oleracea\u003c/em\u003e). These activities reinforce the role of meliponiculture in food provision and food security (Maia et al. 2020).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the Resex Tapaj\u0026oacute;s\u0026ndash;Arapiuns reserve, producers manage species such as \u003cem\u003eScaptotrigona sp.\u003c/em\u003e (canudo amarelo), \u003cem\u003eMelipona sp.\u003c/em\u003e (janda\u0026iacute;ra-da-Amaz\u0026ocirc;nia), and \u003cem\u003eFrieseomelitta sp.\u003c/em\u003e (mo\u0026ccedil;a branca), in which pollination is highlighted as one of the main benefits from the activity, especially for agricultural crops (Souza et al. 2017).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdequate management of the meliponicultural pasture is essential for pollination of fruit crops; the species \u003cem\u003eMelipona fasciculata\u003c/em\u003e (uru\u0026ccedil;u cinzenta), \u003cem\u003eMelipona flavolineata\u003c/em\u003e (uru\u0026ccedil;u amarela), and \u003cem\u003eMelipona melanoventer\u003c/em\u003e (uru\u0026ccedil;u da bunda-preta) are recognized for their role in agriculture (Meireles et al. 2018).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNevertheless, challenges remain. In Belterra, PA, impacts from the loss of habitat and the use of agricultural chemicals in proximity to meliponaries have been observed, directly affecting development of the activity (Viana et al. 2021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings of this systematic review of the literature are also consistent with more recent observations of Viana et al (2021), who highlight the importance of the structure and floristic diversity of agroforestry systems in maintaining colonies of native stingless bees. According to the authors, the continuous presence of mellitophilous plant species in the AFSs favors the provision of trophic resources throughout the year, promoting not only colony stability, but also intensification of ecosystem services, such as pollination of agricultural crops and native forest species. This study reaffirms that biodiverse and well-managed agroforestry arrangements are essential for successful integration of meliponiculture, acting as a bridge between biodiversity conservation and the economic sustainability of Amazon communities. This evidence confirms the strategic role of AFSs as a foundation for integrated public policies for sustainable rural development, environmental conservation, and food security.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFinal considerations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe integration of meliponiculture with agroforestry systems constitutes a promising strategy for recovery of degraded areas and promotion of sustainable development in the Amazon region, combining environmental, economic, and social benefits. The reviewed literature highlights the central role of native stingless bees in maintaining biodiversity, in food security, and in income generation for family farmers and traditional communities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollination stands out as an essential ecosystem service and directly influences both agricultural productivity and honey quality and composition, It also contributes to regeneration of productive landscapes and to regional ecological balance. The predominance of studies in the state of Par\u0026aacute; confirms its relevance as a strategic hub for advancing meliponiculture in the Eastern Amazon.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNevertheless, the observed panorama reveals important gaps. These include a lack of specific public policies, of adequate regulation of meliponiculture products, of continuous technical assistance, and of incentives for applied research, especially that which integrates ecological, sociocultural, and economic dimensions. The absence of specific federal standards for honey from stingless bees, for example, compromises adding value and reliable commercialization of this product on a large scale.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this context, strengthening sociobiodiversity production chains is recommended through integrated actions among research institutions, rural extension services, public authorities, and community organizations. Meliponiculture, in combination with agroforestry systems, should be recognized as a strategic activity for meeting environmental, economic, and social goals in Amazon territories, effectively contributing to facing the challenges of climate change, to ecological restoration, and to appreciation of traditional knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eConflict of interest: The authors declare no competing inter ests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors’ contributions: E.S.S and M.P.M.B. contributed to the conceptualization and wrote the main manuscript text. D.S.P.contributed to the study conception and design. All authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eOur thanks to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the doctoral scholarship granted to the first author, to the Graduate Studies Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE network (PPG-BIONORTE), and to the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) for the opportunity to carry out this research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbreu LS, Watanabe MA (2016) Agricultores familiares do Sul da Amaz\u0026ocirc;nia: Desafios e estrat\u0026eacute;gias para inova\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o agroecol\u0026oacute;gica de sistemas de produ\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustent\u0026aacute;vel 11:114. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAguiar LK, Marques DD, Sartori RA, Silva KL, Scarante GC (2016) Par\u0026acirc;metros f\u0026iacute;sico-qu\u0026iacute;micos do mel de abelhas sem ferr\u0026atilde;o do estado do Acre. Enciclop\u0026eacute;dia Biosfera 13: 908\u0026ndash;919. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmud AV, Marinho HA, Silva LP, Souza PG, Klehm KG, Joia PO, Souza AKA, Paula BS (2022) Assessmentof the quality of bee\u0026rsquo;s honey sold in the city of Manaus, Amazon / Avalia\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o da qualidade do mel de abelha comercializado na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas. Brazilian Journal of Development 8: 47607\u0026ndash;47617. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApodonepa LA, Barreto MR (2015) Conhecimento Etnoentomol\u0026oacute;gico na Comunidade Ind\u0026iacute;gena Umutina (MATO GROSSO, BRASIL). 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Biota Amaz\u0026ocirc;nia 8: 1\u0026ndash;4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v8n3p1-4 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSouza RNG, Chalco FP (2017) Meliponicultura como fonte de renda sustent\u0026aacute;vel nas comunidades Barreira do Andir\u0026aacute; e Laguinho do Andir\u0026aacute; do Munic\u0026iacute;pio de Barreirinha-AM. Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSouza RR et al (2018) A meliponicultura em comunidades da Reserva Extrativista Tapaj\u0026oacute;s-Arapiuns, Santar\u0026eacute;m, Par\u0026aacute;. Cadernos de Agroecologia 13. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTen\u0026oacute;rio EG, Sousa JC, Carvalho Neta RNF (2020) Utiliza\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o de potes artificiais por \u003cem\u003eMelipona fasciculata\u003c/em\u003e Smith, 1854 (ti\u0026uacute;ba) para produ\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o de mel em diferentes modelos de colmeias. Research, Society and Development 9: e659119571. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViana APS, Pauletto D, Gama JRV, Pires AP, Azevedo HHF, Pacheco A (2021) Meliponiculture in agroforestry systems in Belterra, Par\u0026aacute;, Brazil. Acta Apicola Brasilica 9: e7913. https://doi.org/10.18378/aab.v9i0.7913 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"stingless bees, family farming, Amazon bioeconomy, carbon sequestration, native pollinators","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8534684/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8534684/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIntegration of agroforestry systems (AFSs) with meliponiculture constitutes a promising strategy for combining environmental conservation, income generation in rural communities, and provision of ecosystem services, particularly in areas with high biodiversity, such as western Pará, Brazil. A systematic literature review was carried out to investigate this interaction, following the methodological criteria established by the PRISMA statement. The databases consulted included Science Direct, SciELO, Google Scholar, and the CAPES Journals portal, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. A total of 53 articles were selected, which were classified according to thematic lines related to interfaces between meliponiculture and AFSs. In the state of Pará, nine genera of stingless bees were identified, comprising 30 species, with prominence of the genera \u003cem\u003eMelipona\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eTrigona\u003c/em\u003e. These genera are widely found in natural environments and in managed agroforestry arrangements. Pollination stood out as the key ecosystem service, exerting a direct effect on increased agroforestry yield, in situ maintenance of plant species of socioeconomic interest, and added value for honey from native bee species. Results also showed the strategic role of AFSs as drivers of ecological restoration on a landscape scale, contributing to carbon sequestration, climate resilience, and diversification of local economies, with direct effects on strengthening sustainable production chains.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Agroforestry systems and meliponiculture in western Pará, Brazil: contributions to conservation, income, and ecosystem services","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-06 12:03:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8534684/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ccb294ee-946c-4008-b226-a9f1e3b56994","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-06T12:03:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-06 12:03:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8534684","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8534684","identity":"rs-8534684","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}