Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for hepatitis A, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study

Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for hepatitis A, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL Journal of Medical Virology This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 29 October 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for hepatitis A, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study Authors : Aodi Huang 0000-0003-0900-8570 [email protected] , Xia Xu , and Qian Zhang Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176174838.82879818/v1 Published Journal of Medical Virology Version of record Peer review timeline 204 views 158 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Hepatitis A is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis, and its control is critical to achieving the 2030 viral hepatitis elimination target. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of hepatitis A incidence across 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021. Annual incident cases and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of hepatitis A were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis evaluated long-term trends in ASIR, while Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis assessed the independent effects of age, period, and cohort. Decomposition analysis determined the drivers behind temporal changes in disease incidence. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI) were employed to quantify cross-national inequalities in incidence. From 1990 to 2021, global hepatitis A cases declined by 7.25%, with age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) demonstrating a universal downward trend. The most substantial ASIR reductions occurred in low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, whereas low-SDI quintiles showed paradoxical ASIR declines (AAPC: -1.56 95%CI: -1.71 to -1.40) alongside a 39.44% (95%UI: 28.04 to 50.48) case surge. Cases remained concentrated in children under five. The age-period-cohort analysis confirmed highest risk in young children, with period and cohort risks declining over time. Decomposition analysis identified population growth as the primary driver of case increases. Health inequality analysis showed persistent absolute disparities despite relative improvements. Although global hepatitis A incidence has declined over three decades, trends are highly heterogeneous and significant inequalities persist. Achieving equitable burden reduction requires differentiated strategies and enhanced international collaboration, particularly for low-resource settings. Supplementary Material File (manucript exclude table and figure.docx) Download 176.17 KB File (table.docx) Download 24.17 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 29 October 2025 Peer review timeline Published Journal of Medical Virology Version of Record 8 Feb 2026 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection Journal of Medical Virology Keywords biostatistics & bioinformatics data processing hepatitis a virus public policy social science time series analysis virus classification Authors Affiliations Aodi Huang 0000-0003-0900-8570 [email protected] Fudan University View all articles by this author Xia Xu Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention View all articles by this author Qian Zhang Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 204 views 158 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Aodi Huang, Xia Xu, Qian Zhang. Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence for hepatitis A, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Authorea . 29 October 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176174838.82879818/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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