Externally Generated Motion Elicits Predictive Motor Responses

Externally Generated Motion Elicits Predictive Motor Responses | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Externally Generated Motion Elicits Predictive Motor Responses Asuka Yoshida, Katsuyoshi Tsujita This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9056616/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Motor control is widely considered a predictive process in which the brain anticipates the sensory consequences of actions using internal forward models. These predictive mechanisms are typically studied in the context of voluntary movements, in which motor commands elicit expected sensory feedback. However, it remains unclear whether similar predictive motor responses can also be elicited when motion is externally generated and not initiated by the individual. The present study investigated whether externally generated relative motion can induce predictive compensatory motor responses in the absence of voluntary motor commands. Participants were exposed to externally driven motion that produced relative displacement between the body and a reference object. Motor responses were recorded to examine whether systematic compensatory adjustments occurred in response to the externally generated motion. The results revealed consistent motor responses that compensated for the externally induced displacement. These responses exhibited characteristics resembling predictive adjustments observed during voluntary movement control. The findings suggest that predictive motor mechanisms may be engaged not only during self-generated actions but also during externally imposed motion. These results indicate that predictive processes in motor control may operate more broadly than previously assumed, extending beyond voluntary motor commands to situations involving externally generated motion. This study provides new insights into the flexibility of predictive mechanisms underlying sensorimotor control. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9056616","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":604128689,"identity":"0f7b4331-4bce-4697-a88b-95a2ac18658c","order_by":0,"name":"Asuka Yoshida","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tottori University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asuka","middleName":"","lastName":"Yoshida","suffix":""},{"id":604128690,"identity":"ce336cef-90cb-4c7f-89e9-d0a71ccdbe60","order_by":1,"name":"Katsuyoshi Tsujita","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCTBhwMDADxXggdJsuLWwgbUYMEi2MTA2HCBaCwODAYPBMYgWwkByfvszCYuCP/LG95uPP/5QcU+GQSKB8cMPBr48XFqk2XjMJIAOM9x2jC2x4cCZYh6gFmbJHga2Ylxa5Nh42EBaGLcd4zFsONiWwGN/I4FBGuiXxAacWtifgbTYb26DagHZ8hufFmk2BrDDEjewIbSw4bVFsi3H2ELCwDh5xrG0xBlnzgC18Dxss+wxwO0XicPHH96W+CNn2998+MCHiooEewb25MM3flQcwxliIMAsgcpnBDrJ4FgCPi2MH7AI1uDVMgpGwSgYBSMKAAAz30p3xVq4lAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Tottori University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Katsuyoshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsujita","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-07 08:08:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9056616/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9056616/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104781709,"identity":"d6bb69f2-2588-47f1-985f-db361703d6b2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:56:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1149838,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"yoshidav3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9056616/v1_covered_e4e8e307-e8be-47bd-9d51-371d5ef8130e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Externally Generated Motion Elicits Predictive Motor Responses","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9056616/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9056616/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMotor control is widely considered a predictive process in which the brain anticipates the sensory consequences of actions using internal forward models. 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