Impacts of sugar and sweetener warning labels on substitution between sugar- and non-sugar sweetened beverages in a real-world selection task

Impacts of sugar and sweetener warning labels on substitution between sugar- and non-sugar sweetened beverages in a real-world selection task | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Impacts of sugar and sweetener warning labels on substitution between sugar- and non-sugar sweetened beverages in a real-world selection task Caroline Miller, Enola Kay, Joanne Dono, Kerry Ettridge This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5014647/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Medicine → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Front-of-pack (FOP) warning labels have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and switching to water. However, an unintended consequence is that they may also increase switching to non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSSBs). A real-stakes experimental study examined the effectiveness of combining sugar and sweetener FOP warning labels to reduce sugary drink consumption and prevent NSSB substitution. The study also examined potential integration with Australia and New Zealand’s existing Health Star Rating (HSR) system to determine suitability for local context and other jurisdictions with interpretive labelling schemes already in place. Methods Participants ( N = 414) accessed an online convenience store app via an on-campus laptop to select one drink from an array of 10 beverages, on three occasions. Drink options included a variety of SSBs, 100% fruit juice, NSSBs, and water. Following an escalating exposure procedure, drinks were presented ( 1 ) without any additional labelling, ( 2 ) with warning labels added to sugary drinks or to both sugary drinks and NSSBs (according to allocated condition), then ( 3 ) with HSR icons added to all drinks. Participants were informed they would receive a complementary drink, based on their selections, following the completion of a brief questionnaire. Results Baseline results indicated that SSBs and water were the most and least popular drink choices, respectively. Placing FOP warning labels on sugary drinks decreased selection of SSBs and increased NSSB and water choices. Water became the most popular individual drink choice in response to warnings on sugary drinks. Placing FOP warning labels on both sugary drinks and NSSBs successfully avoided an increase in NSSB choices, whilst also increasing water selections, but did not significantly decrease selection of SSBs until HSR ratings were added. The incorporation of HSR icons consolidated warning label effects on NSSB and water selection across both conditions. Conclusions Results demonstrate the potential of FOP sugar warning labels for addressing beverage consumption behaviours. The incorporation of sweetener warning labels may successfully avoid substitution towards NSSBs, whilst still promoting water choices, but may also dilute the impact of the sugary drinks warning labels. Warning labels were complementary to existing interpretive FOP labels. front-of-pack labels FOPWL warning labels sugar-sweetened beverages sugary drinks non-sugar sweetened beverages Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Background Globally, consumption of sugary drinks is high. In 2018, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were consumed at an average rate of 2.7 serves per week, with this increasing to 7.8 serves across Latin America and the Caribbean ( 1 ). In Australia, 6.4% of the population reported consuming SSBs daily in 2020-21, at an average rate of 2.9 cups per day, with young adults (18–24 years) being the highest consumers. Overconsumption of sugary drinks significantly contributes to the risk of developing obesity and related chronic health conditions including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, tooth decay, and periodontal disease ( 2 – 5 ). With sugary drink consumption being identified as a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of many health impacts, effective interventions for reducing excess consumption of sugary drinks are urgently needed. Front-of-pack (FOP) warning labels offer a promising approach to discouraging the consumption of sugary drinks, and over 30 countries have already implemented some kind of labelling system ( 6 , 7 ). Chile, being the first country to mandate FOP nutrient warning labels, demonstrated the success of this approach ( 8 ), and a recent systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of SSB warning labels for discouraging the selection of such drinks ( 9 ). To date, warning label schemes have largely involved communicating risks associated with consumption of labelled products, with the most common approach involving denoting products as “high in” a particular nutrient such as sugar ( 6 ). Chile implemented this approach in 2016, and several countries have followed suit with similar mandatory labelling schemes, including Peru, Mexico, Uruguay, Argentine, Venezuela, Brazil, and Canada ( 10 ). In addition to “high in” labels, other label types have also shown potential. While research directly comparing effectiveness of different label types is limited, a recent evaluation of 27 label types indicated that labels providing concrete, factual, and easy to interpret information, such as teaspoons of sugar, provide benefit for consumers beyond the “high in” labels ( 11 ). Comparisons of the effectiveness of label types are still needed, especially in real-world contexts. Policies targeting sugary drink consumption are designed to reduce excess consumption. An inevitable consequence is that they also generate switching behaviours to other beverages. Research on FOP warning labels on SSBs has demonstrated potential switching behaviours, including increased consumption of non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSSBs). A recent study assessing the effectiveness of a range of SSB warning labels, in a real-world setting, found an increase in NSSB choices in conjunction with the decrease in SSB and increase in water choices ( 12 ). Countries having implemented SSB policies have also noted a corresponding increase in NSSB purchases ( 13 , 14 ). Given recent advice from the WHO not to include non-sugar sweeteners in the diet, and concern over the potential health effects of consuming NSSBs ( 15 ), it is important to find effective methods for reducing SSB consumption that minimise substitution to NSSBs and promote water. One potential approach would be also to apply labels to NSSBs; informing consumers that the product contains sweeteners. This approach, targeting both sugar- and non-sugar sweetened products has been found effective for minimising NSSB substitution effects with beverage taxes ( 16 ), and may be effective with FOP labels as well. Further, this may confer other benefits for consumers as research indicates that some consumers are concerned about sweetener intake and, perhaps more importantly, are often unaware of sweetener content in products ( 17 ). In Australia, while FOP warning labels are not currently in place, there is a voluntary interpretive Health Star Rating (HSR) labelling scheme, which was introduced in 2014 and revised in 2020 ( 18 ). HSRs range from 0.5 to 5-stars (with higher stars indicating greater nutritional quality). A mandatory warning label system would complement the current voluntary HSR system and provide clarity for consumers, given that uptake has been relatively low and skewed towards products with a higher rating ( 19 , 20 ). A recent real-stakes Australian field study demonstrated the potential of the two schemes to coexist, with the addition of HSR icons alongside warning labels reinforcing preferences for waters over SSBs ( 12 ). While research is limited, one online study showed that non-sugar sweetener-specific warnings may help to reduce substitution towards NSSBs, with participants perceiving NSSBs to be less healthy for children when shown a drink with (versus without) a non-sugar sweetener warning label ( 21 ). Research comparing different types of warning labels in real-world settings is required. The present study sought to address this gap, assessing the potential benefit of incorporating sweetener labels, alongside sugar warning labels, for discouraging SSB choices (and increasing water choices) without simultaneously increasing NSSB choices, in a naturalistic, real-stakes environment. The study also sought to determine whether such warning label schemes would be effective alongside existing interpretive FOP labels; namely the existing Australian and New Zealand HSR system. It was hypothesised: (i) that sugar warning labels would decrease the selection of SSBs while increasing selection of water and NSSBs, in line with existing research; (ii) that the combination of sugar and sweetener warning labels would decrease SSB choices while increasing water but not NSSB choices; and (iii) that these effects would be maintained with the addition of the HSR icons. Methods Design The study used a randomised, between-group, repeated measures design. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four warning label conditions; two conditions were exposed only to warning labels relevant to sugary drinks (sugary drinks warning labels), displaying (i) sugar content (sugar pictogram [SP]), or (ii) health effects (health text [HT]), and two conditions were exposed to warning labels relevant to both sugary drinks and sweeteners (sugary drink plus NSSB warning labels), displaying (iii) sugar content and sweetener warnings (SP+NSSB), or (iv) health effects and sweetener warning labels (HT+NSSB; see Figure 1). Participants were exposed to a range of ten cold drinks on three occasions (Rounds 1 to 3), following an escalating exposure procedure, and were asked to select one drink each time. The drinks were presented to participants via a trial online convenience store app, accessed on laptops. The ten beverages were displayed simultaneously, with drink order randomised for each participant, and in each round. Drink options included four SSBs (soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, iced tea), four NSSBs (no-sugar versions of the four SSBs), one 100% fruit juice, and one water (see Table 1). Information about the drinks was progressively added across the three rounds, via warning labels and Health Star Rating (HSR) icons, as shown in Figure 1. In Round 1 (control) drinks were presented without any warning labels or HSR icons. In Round 2 sugar warning labels were added to SSBs and/or sweetener warning labels to NSSBs, according to allocated condition. In Round 3 HSR icons were added to all drinks, alongside the warning labels from Round 2. Warning labels and HSR icons were displayed on the front of each bottle with enlarged versions of the labels/icons presented alongside each image to ensure they were visible to participants (see Figure 2 for an example). When participants hovered over a drink in the app, a zoomed in image of the drink label, which also displayed any warning labels, was shown, and an enlarged image of the whole bottle was displayed when participants selected a drink, along with the option to confirm their drink selection. Figure 1. Experimental procedure Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of drinks included in the study Figure 2 . Example image from app Procedure A booth was set up in a centrally located position on a university campus for a total of seven days throughout the university’s orientation week (3 days; 20-22 February 2023) and subsequent semester weeks (4 days between 28 March - 3 April 2023). Potential participants (16+ years) were recruited from the area around the booth, by trained research assistants, and were invited to participate in a trial of a convenience store app for selling cold beverages. Up to four participants completed the study at one time on laptops at the booth. Participants were provided brief verbal information and instructions on the study and the study information sheet. Participants provided informed consent before proceeding with the task, with brief on-screen instructions provided prior to commencing each round, and subsequently made their three drink selections. Participants then completed follow-up questions via an online survey. Survey completion was confirmed by one of the research assistants, who then checked the on-screen code which indicated participants’ Round 3 drink choice, to determine their complementary drink which was then provided to the participant. A total of 414 people participated in the study, with most participating during the university’s orientation week (62.3%), and the highest proportion of participants being recruited on day two of orientation week (28.5%). Participation times ranged from 9.30am-4.00pm, with most (85.8%) participating between 11.00am-3.00pm. Mean temperature during data collection periods was 27.5˚ C (range: 13.3-37.8). Measures The survey was programmed using RedCap survey software (22, 23). The survey questions were developed from previously published measures (17) and have also been used in a similar previous study on warning labels on sugary drinks (12). Questions assessed consumption, perceptions, and health beliefs relating to SSBs (referred to as sugary drinks), 100% fruit juice (referred to as unsweetened juice), and water, with new questions added for NSSBs (referred to as artificially sweetened drinks). The study protocol was refined through pilot testing with approximately 40 participants. Demographic items included age (in years) and gender. Typical beverage consumption was assessed by asking participants to indicate “How often [they] normally drink a bottle or can of the following” (daily, weekly, monthly, less than monthly, never) for a range of SSBs (soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, iced tea), NSSBs (no-sugar soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, and iced tea), 100% fruit juice, and water. Perceptions of consumption were assessed by asking participants “[their] opinion, [on] the amount of [sugary drinks/artificially sweetened drinks/unsweetened juice] that [they] drink during an average week…” (just right, too much, not enough). Influences on drink selection were assessed by asking “When making a drink selection, I am normally influenced by (select one): taste, familiarity, thirst, healthiness of the drink, energy boost, time of day, enjoyment, treat, other.” Health beliefs were assessed by asking participants “If an average person like you drank a [sugary drink/artificially sweetened drink/unsweetened juice] every day, would they be likely or unlikely to have health problems later in life?” (response options: very unlikely, somewhat unlikely, neither likely nor unlikely, somewhat likely, very likely), and extent to which “drinking [sugary drinks/artificially sweetened drinks/unsweetened juice] every day would increase [their] risk of weight gain, diabetes, tooth decay, heart disease, cancer, and depression” (not at all, somewhat, moderately, considerably, a great deal). Attention to and perceived effectiveness of labels was assessed through asking whether the participant recalled seeing an i) HSR icon, and ii) warning label, and to what extent they agreed or disagreed (strongly disagree, disagree, neither, agree, strongly agree) that: the icon/label grabbed their attention; they read and looked closely at the icon/label; the icon/label made them think about the health problems caused by sugary drinks; and the icon/label made them think about the health problems caused by artificially sweetened drinks. Participants were also asked to identify which of the warning labels they recalled seeing, from example images of each label type (sugar pictogram, health text, sweetener). The outside temperature for each participant at the time they completed they study was also collected. Ethics approval was obtained from The University of Adelaide Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: H-2023-013). Analyses As the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding sweetener labels to sugar warning labels on participants’ drink choices, the four individual label conditions (SP, HT, SP+NSSB, HT+NSSB) were grouped into two conditions for analyses: a sugary drinks warning label condition (SP and HT), and a sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (SP+NSSB and HT+NSSB). The primary outcome for the main analyses of this study was change in drink selection across each of the three rounds, assessed according to condition type (sugary drinks vs. sugary drinks plus NSSB warning labels). Drink options were grouped into four drink categories: SSBs (soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, and iced tea), NSSB versions of the SSBs, unsweetened juice (one option only) and water (one option only) for statistical analysis. Comparisons between variables were analysed using chi-square tests, one-way ANOVAs, and repeated samples Cochran’s Q tests, with McNemar tests for pairwise comparisons. Pairwise comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction and p ≤0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. A series of supplementary analyses were also conducted (see supplementary materials). To provide insight into any issues with randomisation, participant characteristics, usual consumption, and baseline (Round 1) drink choices were compared across conditions and genders. These analyses indicated gender differences in usual consumption patterns; therefore, analyses were also conducted separately among males and females, with results of note reported in the text, and detailed results available from supplementary materials. Additional analyses also compared key outcomes across the four individual label conditions and examined whether change in drink selections varied according to participant characteristics, label perceptions, and participants’ attitudes and beliefs. Results Sample characteristics and baseline consumption patterns Participant characteristics are presented in Table 2. There was a greater proportion of males (50.5%) than females (42.8%; 6.8% other/prefer not to say) and mean age was 21.8 years (range: 16-69). Usual beverage consumption (weekly or more) was highest for bottled water (61.4%), followed by SSBs (38.2%), NSSBs (36.1%), and juice (35.0%), with participants nominating as many beverage types as relevant. For Round 1 drink choices, 42.3% chose an SSB, 32.6% chose an NSSB, 16.4% chose juice, and 9.2% chose bottled water. Results of comparisons of sample characteristics across conditions are available from Supplementary Table S1, and indicate randomisation was successful, and that regular consumption of SSBs and NSSBs was significantly higher among males than females ( p <.01). With respect to Round 1 drink choices (control; no labels), sports drink and no-sugar energy drink selection was higher among males than females ( p <.01), whereas iced tea, no-sugar iced tea, and water selection was higher among females than males ( p <.05). Changes in drink popularity in response to warning labels (R2) and HSR icons (R3) Participants’ drink choices are reported by drink category (grouped as all SSBs, Juice, all NSSBs, and water) and by individual drink choice for each round, with comparisons made between conditions (see Table 3). The pattern of drink choices in Round 1 (control; no label) was consistent across conditions; SSBs were the most popular drink category, followed by NSSBs, juice, then water. With respect to individual drinks, iced tea and juice were the most popular choices in Round 1. Following the addition of the warning labels in Round 2, across both conditions, NSSBs became the most popular drink category, followed by SSBs, water, and juice. In the sugary drinks warning label condition, there was a significant decrease in selection of SSBs (-16.9%), and a significant increase in selection of NSSBs and water (+11.7% and +9.4%, respectively; p s<.005). In the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, the pattern of results was similar, albeit less prominent: there was a slight decrease in selection of SSBs (-6.0%; not significant), a slight increase in NSSB choices (+4.0%; not significant), and a significant increase in water selection (+7.0%; p =.032). Juice selection decreased slightly across both conditions (-4.2% and -5.0%, respectively) though not significantly. With respect to selection of individual drinks, water became the most popular drink choice in the sugary drinks warning label condition and the second most popular drink choice in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (with iced tea remaining the most popular drink choice in this condition). Overall, the HSR icons presented in Round 3 had little additional effect in terms of change in drink choices, across rounds (i.e., R2-R3; see Table 3). The combined effect of warning labels and HSR icons (R1-R3) further consolidated the effect of warning labels on drink selection in the sugary drinks warning label condition (Table 3). Moreover, the sugary drink plus NSSB warning label plus HSR icon condition (R3) corresponded with a significant reduction in SSB selection compared to baseline (R1; -11.4%, p =.003), unlike the warning labels without the HSR icons condition (R2; -6.0%, p =.006). Table 3 . Changes in drink popularity across rounds, by experimental condition Individual-level (within participant) changes in drink choices in response to warning labels (R2) and HSRs (R3) The extent to which individuals changed their drink selection in response to warning labels (i.e., from R1-R2) is presented in Table 4. Overall, a slightly greater proportion of participants changed their drink choices in response to the sugary drinks warning labels (40.8%), than the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning labels (33.3%). Participants who chose an NSSB in Round 1 were the least likely to switch drinks, across both conditions, though less switching occurred in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (19.3%) than the sugary drinks warning label condition (27.4%). Of the few participants who did switch from NSSBs in R1 in the sugary drinks warning label condition (n=17), participants switching from NSSBs were most likely to switch to water. In the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, however, participants switching from NSSBs (n=14) were equally likely to switch to water or an SSB. In contrast, switching drink selection was more common among participants who chose an SSB in Round 1, compared to those who had initially chosen an NSSB (n=74 vs n=31). Across both conditions, participants who switched from an SSB in Round 1 were most likely to switch to an NSSB in Round 2. The number of individuals switching from SSBs increased even further in Round 3 with the addition of HSR icons (n=94). In the sugary drinks label condition, the majority switched to NSSBs (69%), followed by water (20%) and juice (11%). Switching to NSSBs was also common in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, albeit to a lesser degree (51%), and water selection was greater (33%). From Round 2 (warning labels) to Round 3 (warning labels and HSRs), approximately one third of participants changed their drink selection, with this finding consistent across conditions. The combined effect of warning labels and HSRs together (R3) in comparison to the control round (no warning labels; R1) was similar to that of warning label effects alone (R1-R2). Patterns of drink choices in Round 3 (warning labels and HSRs applied) were generally similar to Round 2 drink choices when only warning labels were applied. Table 4 . Within-participant changes in drink selection across rounds and subsequent drink choice, by experimental condition Attention to labels and perceptions of label effectiveness, and general perceptions, attitudes, and health beliefs towards drinks Attention to labels and perceptions of label effectiveness are presented in Table 5. Most participants reported noticing a warning label (65.9%), and this was consistent across conditions (sugary drinks: 61.5%; sugary drinks plus NSSBs: 70.6%). The proportion of participants who correctly identified the warning label they had been exposed to (prompted) was significantly higher in the sugary drinks warning label condition (43.2%) than the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (29.4%; p =.005). Among participants who reported seeing the warning labels, high proportions indicated the warning labels grabbed their attention (85.7%) and that they read and looked closely at the warning labels (75.5%), and around half indicated that the warning labels made them think about health problems caused by sugary drinks (55.3%), and artificially sweetened drinks (45.4%). These proportions were generally equivalent across conditions; although, a greater proportion of participants reported they read and looked closely at the warning labels in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition than the sugary drinks condition. A high proportion (86.7%) of participants recalled seeing the HSR icons (prompted, assessed prior to warning label recognition). Noticing, and perceived effectiveness of HSR icons was similar across conditions (See Table 5). Perceptions and attitudes towards SSBs and NSSBs were largely similar across conditions (see Table 5). Results of supplementary analyses indicated some self -perceptions of consumption and health risk perceptions were higher among lower SSB consumers, lower NSSB consumers, and females (see Table S2). Results of further supplementary analyses also indicated there were few significant differences regarding change in drink choice across rounds, according to attention to and perceived effectiveness of warning labels and HSR icons (see Table S3). Table 5 . Attention to and perceived effectiveness of labels, and beverage attitudes/beliefs (total sample and experimental condition) Discussion Existing evidence supports the efficacy of sugar-focussed policy options, including FOP warning labels, for reducing SSB consumption and increasing water intake. However, these policies have also been found to increase consumption of other beverages, such as NSSBs ( 12 – 14 ). Finding ways to implement SSB policies that do not increase consumption of NSSBs, given the increasing evidence of potential health effects of consuming NSSBs ( 15 ) is an important practical issue in public health policy. To assess the impact of FOP warning labels on beverage choices in a real-world environment, the present study investigated the effectiveness of sugar warning labels for influencing consumption behaviours, and the additional impact of adding sweetener warning labels alongside sugar warning labels. The findings of this study demonstrate the popularity of high sugar drinks, reinforcing the urgent need for interventions to curb the overconsumption of such products. In the absence of any labelling (Round 1; control), SSBs were the most popular drink type, and iced tea and juice the most popular individual drinks. Adding sugar warning labels to beverages effectively reduced the selection of SSBs, while increasing NSSB and water choices, in line with existing research ( 24 , 25 ). Notably, water became the most popular individual drink choice in Round 2 following the introduction of warning labels in the sugary drinks warning label condition, underscoring their potential for encouraging healthier beverage choices. However, when looking at drink types, NSSBs (i.e., artificially sweetened soft drink, iced tea, sports drink, energy drink) became the most popular drink type in Round 2, in line with existing evidence on the impact of SSB policies ( 24 , 25 ). The participants exposed to both sugary drink and NSSB warning labels in the present study, did not display the same NSSB substitution effects in Round 2, but did increase water choices. SSB choices also decreased in this condition, albeit, not significantly or to the same extent as they did in the sugary drinks warning label condition, potentially indicating that the inclusion of sweetener warning labels may have diluted the impact of sugar warning labels on SSB choices. Currently only three of the countries who have implemented mandatory warning labels have incorporated NSSBs into their policies (Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia) and there are currently no evaluations of their effectiveness. However, one study has examined the potential impact of Mexican sweetener warning labels which focus on children’s consumption of such products, stating “contains sweeteners – not recommended in children” ( 21 ). Participants exposed to the sweetener warning labels had lower perceptions of healthfulness of sweetened drinks for children than when exposed to beverages without the label, and over 60% of participants indicated they used the warning labels at least sometimes when making purchasing decisions, indicating such labels may influence drink choices. The less marked decrease in SSB choices in the condition with sugary drink and NSSB labels in the present study, may also be due to a label ‘saturation’ effect given that, with the exception of water, every drink in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition had a warning label applied. As such, the only unlabelled option for participants choosing to avoid warning labels was water, which may not be the preference for many participants. Indeed, prior research indicates participants consider many factors when making drink selections and purchases, such as taste, value for money, and brand preferences ( 26 ). In contrast, in the sugary drinks warning label condition, there were more unlabelled options for participants wishing to avoid labelled drinks. The NSSBs also offered direct alternatives to SSBs (e.g., Coke versus No-Sugar Coke) for participants, but similar unlabelled alternatives were not available in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition. Reinforcing this, there appeared to be more within-participant movement in choices in the sugary drinks warning label condition, such that switching was more common in the sugary drinks warning label condition (40.8%) compared to the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (36.8%). Participants who chose an SSB in Round 1, were more likely to switch in the sugary drinks warning label condition (46.5%) than those in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (36.8%), with most of these participants (in both conditions) switching to an NSSB. While the switch to NSSBs was greater in the absence of NSSB labels, the absence of unlabelled alternative drink options may have limited the impact of the intervention. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of a combined (sugar-plus-sweetener) labelling approach on selection of SSBs and NSSBs in an environment with greater availability and variety of products without labels (e.g. selection of waters or other non-sweetened drinks). Australia currently has a voluntary Health Star Rating (HSR) labelling system that can be applied to products at the discretion of industry. The latest review of this system (2023) indicated that HSR uptake had occurred for around 37% of eligible products ( 27 ), with evidence suggesting that manufacturers are selective in the products that display stars, with the four-star rating most commonly applied ( 28 ). At the time of this study, only one of the beverages displayed an on-package HSR icon, and thus for the purpose of this study HSRs were added uniformly to all beverages, by the researchers. Despite low actual uptake of the voluntary scheme, we explored the combined impact of warning labels and HSR icons in this study, to ensure FOP warning labels would be well suited to the Australian and New Zealand context specifically, and more generally to other jurisdictions with interpretive labels. HSRs were found to have little additional effect in comparison to warning label effects, but complemented warning label effects. For example, the addition of HSR icons with sugary drink and NSSB warning labels increased effects on SSB choices, resulting in decreased selection of SSBs and increased selection of water in response to the combination of these labels. Further, the addition of HSR icons in the sugary drinks warning label condition increased the effect on water choices, resulting in significant decreases in SSB choices and significant increases in NSSB and water choices in response to these labels. This suggests the addition of the HSR icons clearly rating water as healthier (5-stars) may have helped to shift choices away from SSBs (when combined with sugary drink and NSSB warning labels) and towards water (when combined with sugary drinks warning labels). Overall, results demonstrate that the warning label and HSR icon labelling schemes would complement each other. These findings are consistent with findings of a previous study that also found sugar warning labels can complement HSR icons in encouraging healthier drinks selection ( 12 ). However, this study extends these findings by showing sweetener warning labels can also complement HSR icons. The majority of participants reported noticing the warning labels. Correct identification of warning labels (prompted) was lower for the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, compared to the sugary drinks warning label condition. This may be due to the amount of information participants had to recall (two labels, as opposed to one), or lower familiarity with considering the health effects of non-sugar sweeteners. While evidence on the health effects of sweeteners is increasing ( 29 ), the health risk associated with non-sugar sweetened beverage consumption are not as well-known as that of sugary drinks consumption ( 17 ), also observed in the results of this study. A higher proportion of participants noticed HSR icons compared to warning labels, but this was likely due to the familiarity of HSR icons among the Australian population, having been voluntarily implemented since 2014 ( 27 ). The present study had many strengths, including its real-world setting and real-stakes decision making, direct comparison of different types of sugar warning labels, and novel testing of the incorporation of sweetener warning labels, as well as demonstrating the combined impact of HSR and warning label schemes specific to the Australian context. However, there were several limitations. The study setting, a university campus was chosen to provide access to young adults, the primary consumers of sugary drinks; however, there are sample limitations and results may not be generalisable to the wider population. Additionally, due to the limitations of the convenience store app and maximum number of beverages that could be displayed without compromising visibility, the number of drinks were limited. This resulted in a disproportionate amount of SSBs (n = 4) and NSSBs (n = 4) compared to unsweetened juice (n = 1) and water (n = 1), as such there was very limited availability of non-labelled products in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label conditions. While these proportions may be somewhat in line with the range of products available in stores, which are heavily dominated by SSBs and NSSBs and have a limited variety of healthier options ( 30 ), future research would benefit from including a broader range of beverages. Conclusions This study supports and extends the results of previous online experimental studies focussing on sugary drink warnings to a real-stakes experiment that also addresses substitution effects demonstrated in response to sugary drink interventions. The results demonstrate the potential for advancement of FOP warning labels into policy, demonstrating reduced selection of SSBs in response to warning labels. Incorporation of sweetener labels may assist in mitigating substitution to NSSBs, but may also dilute the impact of sugary drinks warning labels if there are few non-label drink options. More in-depth research is required to fully evaluate the potential of including warning labels on NSSBs as well as sugary drinks, and the viability of enabling access to a wider variety of other healthier beverage options, besides water, to encourage healthier choices. Abbreviations FOP: Front-of-pack; SSB: Sugar-sweetened beverage; NSSB: Non-sugar-sweetened beverage; HSR: Health Star Rating; FOPL: Front-of-pack labels; WHO: World Health Organization; SP: sugar pictogram; HT: health text; SP+NSSB: sugar content and sweetener warnings; HT+NSSB: health effects and sweetener warnings; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; R1: Round 1; R2: Round 2; R3: Round 3. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate : Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Adelaide (approval number: H-2023-013) and informed consent was obtained from participants. Consent for publication : Not applicable. Availability of data and materials : The datasets generated or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Competing interests : CM reports grants from NHMRC and Cancer Council. KE and JD report grants from Cancer Council. All other authors declare they have no competing interests. Funding : The research reported in this publication was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grant (GNT1195421) awarded to CM. KE and JD each received salary support to produce this manuscript with the financial and other support of Cancer Council SA’s Beat Cancer Project on behalf of its donors and the State Government of South Australia through the Department of Health and Wellbeing. The funders of the study had no involvement in study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Authors’ contributions: CM, JD, and KE conceived and designed the study. Data analysis was primarily conducted by EK and KE with input from CM and JD. All authors were involved in drafting and reviewing the manuscript, and all authors approved the final manuscript for publication. Acknowledgements : We are grateful to Hannah Alexandrou, Samuel Ziesing, and Ryan Ellis for fieldwork assistance. References Lara-Castor L, Micha R, Cudhea F, Miller V, Shi P, Zhang J, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries. Nature Communications. 2023;14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41269-8 Gupta V, Dawar A, Bhadauria US, Purohit BM, Nilima N. Sugar‐sweetened beverages and periodontal disease: A systematic review. Oral Diseases. 2023;29(8):3078-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14368 Haque M, McKimm J, Sartelli M, Samad N, Haque SZ, Bakar MA. A narrative review of the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on human health: A key global health issue. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology. 2020;27(1):e76-e103. https://doi.org/10.15586/jptcp.v27i1.666 Malik VS, Hu FB. The role of sugar-sweetened beverages in the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2022;18(4):205-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00627-6 Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, DespréS J-P, Hu FB. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Circulation. 2010;121(11):1356-64. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.109.876185 Obesity Evidence Hub. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling 2024 [Available from: https://www.obesityevidencehub.org.au/collections/prevention/front-of-pack-nutrition-labelling. Jones A, Neal B, Reeve B, Ni Mhurchu C, Thow AM. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling to promote healthier diets: current practice and opportunities to strengthen regulation worldwide. BMJ Global Health. 2019;4(6):e001882. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001882 Taillie LS, Reyes M, Colchero MA, Popkin B, Corvalán C. An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study. PLOS Medicine. 2020;17(2):e1003015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015 An R, Liu J, Liu R, Barker AR, Figueroa RB, McBride TD. Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Labels on Consumer Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2021;60(1):115-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.003 Batista MF, de Carvalho‐Ferreira JP, Thimoteo da Cunha D, De Rosso VV. Front‐of‐package nutrition labeling as a driver for healthier food choices: Lessons learned and future perspectives. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2023;22(1):535-86. Miller C, Ettridge K, Pettigrew S, Wittert G, Coveney J, Wakefield M, et al. Warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice: evaluation of 27 different labels on health effects, sugar content, energy and exercise equivalency. Public Health. 2024;230:138-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.026 Miller C, Ettridge K, Pettigrew S, Wittert G, Wakefield M, Coveney J, et al. Warning labels and interpretive nutrition labels: Impact on substitution between sugar and artificially sweetened beverages, juice and water in a real-world selection task. Appetite. 2022;169:105818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105818 Royo-Bordonada M, Fernández-Escobar C, Gil-Bellosta CJ, Ordaz E. Effect of excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Catalonia, Spain, three and a half years after its introduction. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022;19(1):24. 10.1186/s12966-022-01262-8 Castelló JV, Casasnovas GL. Impact of SSB taxes on sales. Economics & Human Biology. 2020;36:100821. WHO. Use of non-sugar sweeteners: WHO guideline. 2023. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/367660/9789240073616-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Zhong Y, Auchincloss AH, Lee BK, Kanter GP. The short-term impacts of the Philadelphia beverage tax on beverage consumption. American journal of preventive medicine. 2018;55(1):26-34. Miller C, Ettridge K, Wakefield M, Pettigrew S, Coveney J, Roder D, et al. An In-Depth Exploration of Knowledge and Beliefs Associated with Soda and Diet Soda Consumption. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092841 Commonwealth of Australia. Health Star Rating Calculator [Available from: http://www.healthstarrating.gov.au/internet/healthstarrating/publishing.nsf/Content/excel-calculator. Maganja D, Davies T, Sanavio L, Louie JCY, Huffman MD, Trieu K, et al. Current food labelling practices in online supermarkets in Australia. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2023;20(1). https://doi.org/0.1186/s12966-023-01504-3 Zealand FSAN. Heath Star Rating Uptake in Australia - Report on progress against Health Star Rating uptake targets: Interim Target 1, 2023. 2024. Available from: http://www.healthstarrating.gov.au/internet/healthstarrating/publishing.nsf/Content/01C15064FB52327BCA25861D00364E60/$File/HSR%20-%20Uptake%20Report%20Year%203%20-%20final.pdf. Arellano-Gómez LP, Jáuregui A, Nieto C, Contreras-Manzano A, Quevedo KL, White CM, et al. Effects of front-of-package caffeine and sweetener disclaimers in Mexico: cross-sectional results from the 2020 International Food Policy Study. Public Health Nutrition. 2023;26(12):3278-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980023002100 Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O'Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 2019;95:103208. 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208 Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 2009;42(2):377-81. 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010 Miller C, Dono J, Wright K, Pettigrew S, Wakefield M, Coveney J, et al. “No Child or Adult Would Ever Probably Choose to Have 16 Teaspoons of Sugar”: A Preliminary Study of Parents’ Responses to Sugary Drink Warning Label Options. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):4173. Miller C, Wright K, Dono J, Pettigrew S, Wakefield M, Coveney J, et al. “You can’t just eat 16 teaspoons of sugar so why would you drink 16 teaspoons’ worth of sugar?”: a qualitative study of young adults’ reactions to sugary drink warning labels. BMC public health. 2022;22(1):1-12. Dono J, Ettridge K, Wakefield M, Pettigrew S, Coveney J, Roder D, et al. Nothing beats taste or convenience: a national survey of where and why people buy sugary drinks in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2020;44(4):291-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13000 Keaney M, Maganja D, Barrett E, Pettigrew S, Jones A. Selective industry adoption of a voluntary front-of-pack nutrition label results in low and skewed uptake: 10-year results for the Health Star Rating. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2024. 10.1038/s41430-024-01480-2 Australia and New Zealand Ministerial Forum on Food Regulation. Final Communique. 29 June 2018. Available from: https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/fr/publishing.nsf/Content/020771CD774AE047CA2582B8000581EB/$File/FinalCommuniqueJune2018.pdf. Rios-Leyvraz M, Montez J. Health effects of the use of non-sugar sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240046429. Grigsby-Duffy L, Schultz S, Orellana L, Robinson E, Cameron AJ, Marshall J, et al. The Healthiness of Food and Beverages on Price Promotion at Promotional Displays: A Cross-Sectional Audit of Australian Supermarkets. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(23):9026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239026 Tables Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of drinks included in the study Beverage Variety Category Container volume (ml) Sugar per 100ml (g) Sugar per container (tsp) Artificial sweeteners Health Star Rating used in study Drink group used for analysis Contains sugar (sugary drinks) Coca-Cola Classic Soft drink 600ml 10.6 16 None 0.5 1 Mother Original Energy drink 500ml 10.1 13 None 0.5 1 Gatorade Berry Chill Sports drink 600ml 6.0 9 None 1.5 1 Iced Tea Lemon Iced tea 500ml 4.2 5 None 2.0 1 Daily Juice Co. Orange 100% fruit juice 500ml 8.2 10 None 3.0 2 Contains artificial sweetener (NSSBs) Coca-Cola No Sugar No-sugar soft drink 600ml 0.0 0 951, 950 3.5 3 Mother Zero Sugar Original No-sugar energy drink 500ml 0.0 0 955, 950 3.5 3 Gatorade No Sugar Berry No-sugar sports drink 600ml 0.0 0 955, 950 3.5 3 Iced Tea No Sugar Lemon No-sugar iced tea 500ml 0.0 0 955, 950 3.5 3 Contains neither sugar nor artificial sweetener Mount Franklin Plain Still water 600ml 0.0 0 None 5.0 4 Note: 951 = Aspartame; 950 = Ace-K; 955 = Sucralose Table 2 . Participant characteristics, usual drink consumption, Round 1 choice, and average testing temperature, for total sample N =414 All participants Categorical variables % Gender Female 42.8 Male 50.5 Other/prefer not to say 6.8 Usual consumption (less than weekly) SSBs 38.2 Soft drink 27.3 Energy drink 8.9 Sports drink 9.4 Iced tea 15.7 Juice 35.0 NSSBs 36.1 No-sugar soft drink 26.8 No-sugar energy drink 10.2 No-sugar sports drink 7.0 No-sugar iced tea 13.0 Bottled water 61.4 Round 1 drink selections (control condition; no labels) SSBs 42.3 Soft drink 11.6 Energy drink 2.4 Sports drink 8.7 Iced tea 19.6 Juice 15.9 NSSBs 32.6 No-sugar soft drink 10.1 No-sugar energy drink 3.1 No-sugar sports drink 6.5 No-sugar iced tea 12.8 Bottled water 9.2 Continuous variables M (SD) Age 21.8 (6.6) Outside temperature during testing ( o C) 27.5 (6.5) Table 3 . Changes in drink popularity across rounds, by experimental condition N =414 Drink selection Change in drink selection 1 Round 1 (control) Round 2 (warning label) Round 3 (warning label + HSR icons) Round 1-> 2 Round 2-> 3 Round 1 -> 3 % % % % % % Sugary drinks warning label condition SSBs 46.5 29.6 23.9 -16.9 *** -5.7 -22.6 *** Soft drink 12.2 7.5 5.6 -4.7 -1.9 -6.6 Energy drink 2.8 2.3 3.3 -0.5 1.0 0.5 Sports drink 10.8 6.1 4.7 -4.7 -1.4 -6.1 Iced tea 20.7 13.6 10.3 -7.1 -3.3 -10.4 Juice 16.4 12.2 13.6 -4.2 1.4 -2.8 NSSBs 29.1 40.8 43.7 11.7 ** 2.9 14.6 *** No-sugar soft drink 10.3 16.9 13.6 6.6 -3.3 3.3 No-sugar energy drink 2.3 2.8 5.6 0.5 2.8 3.3 No-sugar sports drink 4.7 8.0 7.5 3.3 -0.5 2.8 No-sugar iced tea 11.7 13.1 16.9 1.4 3.8 5.2 Water 8.0 17.4 18.8 9.4 ** 1.4 10.8 *** Sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition SSBs 37.8 31.8 26.4 -6.0 -5.4 -11.4 ** Soft drink 10.9 5.0 6.0 -5.9 1.0 -4.9 Energy drink 2.0 1.5 1.5 -0.5 0.0 -0.5 Sports drink 6.5 5.5 5.5 -1.0 0.0 -1.0 Iced tea 18.4 19.9 13.4 1.5 -6.5 -5.0 Juice 15.4 10.4 13.9 -5.0 3.5 -1.5 NSSBs 36.3 40.3 41.3 4.0 1.0 5.0 No-sugar soft drink 10.0 11.4 10.0 1.4 -1.4 0.0 No-sugar energy drink 4.0 4.0 5.5 0.0 1.5 1.5 No-sugar sports drink 8.5 8.0 7.5 -0.5 -0.5 -1.0 No-sugar iced tea 13.9 16.9 18.4 3.0 1.5 4.5 Water 10.4 17.4 16.4 7.0 * -1.0 6.0 * Note : 1 Repeated-samples Cochran’s Q test with pairwise comparisons (McNemar) adjusted using Bonferroni corrections; * p <.05, ** p <.01; *** p <.001. Table 4 . Within-participant changes in drink selection across rounds and subsequent drink choice, by experimental condition Total sample N =414 n % Changed from R1-R2 % Changed from R2-R3 % Overall change R1-R3 Round 2 choice (of those who switched from R1-R2) Round 3 choice (of those who switched from R1-R3) Yes No Yes No Yes No n SSB Juice NSSB Water n SSB Juice NSSB Water Sugary drinks warning label condition 213 40.8 59.2 33.3 66.7 42.3 57.7 87 11.5 9.2 48.3 31.0 90 7.8 12.2 51.1 28.9 Chose SSB R1 99 46.5 53.3 43.4 56.6 55.6 44.4 46 - 13.0 65.2 21.7 55 - 10.9 69.1 20.0 Chose Juice R1 35 48.6 51.4 25.7 74.3 48.6 51.4 17 17.6 - 47.1 35.3 17 17.6 - 41.2 41.2 Chose NSSB R1 62 27.4 72.6 21.0 79.0 24.2 75.8 17 29.4 5.9 - 64.7 15 26.7 20.0 - 53.3 Chose Water R1 17 41.2 58.8 35.3 64.7 17.6 82.4 7 28.6 14.3 57.1 - 3 0.0 66.7 33.3 - Sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition 201 33.3 66.7 35.8 64.2 40.8 59.2 67 23.9 13.4 32.8 29.9 82 19.5 14.6 37.8 28.0 Chose SSB R1 76 36.8 63.2 38.2 61.8 51.3 48.7 28 - 17.9 53.6 28.6 39 - 15.4 51.3 33.3 Chose Juice R1 31 61.3 38.7 45.2 54.8 48.4 51.6 19 47.4 - 21.1 31.6 15 26.7 - 53.3 20.0 Chose NSSB R1 73 19.2 80.8 31.5 68.5 28.8 71.2 14 42.9 14.3 - 42.9 21 42.9 23.8 - 33.3 Chose Water R1 21 28.6 71.4 28.6 71.4 33.3 66.7 6 16.7 33.3 50.0 - 7 42.9 14.3 42.9 - p-value a .139 .668 .841 Note : R1=Round 1 (control; no labels); R2=Round 2 (warning labels); R3=Round 3 (warning labels and HSR icons); a p -value depicts results of chi-square determining variation in change across rounds (changed versus did not change) by experimental condition (sugary drinks, sugary drinks plus NSSBs) Table 5 . Attention to and perceived effectiveness of labels, and beverage attitudes/beliefs (total sample and experimental condition) Conditions Total (all participants) Sugary drinks warning labels Sugary drinks plus NSSB warning labels χ² N 414 196 190 % % % Attention to and perceived effectiveness of warning labels and HSR icons Attention to warning labels Reported seeing any warning label (prompted) 65.9 61.5 70.6 3.45 Correctly identified warning label(s) (prompted) 36.5 43.2 29.4 7.96 ** Perceived effectiveness of warning labels (among those who reported seeing the warning labels; n=273) Grabbed my attention (% agree/strongly agree) 85.7 81.7 89.4 2.75 Read and looked closely at the warning label (% agree/strongly disagree) 75.5 67.9 82.4 6.93 ** Made me think about health problems caused by sugary drinks (% quite a bit / very much) 55.3 49.6 60.6 2.87 Made me think about health problems caused by artificially sweetened drinks (% quite a bit / very much) 45.4 38.9 51.4 3.79 Attention to HSR icons Reported seeing HSR icon (prompted) 86.7 83.6 90.0 3.23 Perceived effectiveness of HSR icons (among those who reported seeing the HSRs; n=359) Grabbed my attention (% agree/strongly agree) 74.1 73.0 75.1 0.11 Read and looked closely at the warning label (% agree/strongly disagree) 64.3 61.8 66.9 0.79 Made me think about health problems caused by sugary drinks (% quite a bit / very much) 43.2 39.3 47.0 1.83 Made me think about health problems caused by artificially sweetened drinks (% quite a bit / very much) 34.5 32.6 36.5 0.44 Attitudes and beliefs SSB attitudes and beliefs Perceive current weekly consumption as 'just right' 48.3 47.4 49.3 0.08 Likely to have health problems if consume SSBs every day 81.9 81.9 81.8 0.00 Drinking SSBs every day would increase my risk of … (considerably / a great deal) Weight gain 74.9 74.2 75.6 0.05 Diabetes 80.0 78.4 81.6 0.47 Tooth decay 84.1 85.9 82.1 0.86 Heart disease 57.7 59.6 55.7 0.50 Cancer 30.2 32.4 37.9 0.81 Depression 22.7 22.5 22.9 0.00 NSSB attitudes and beliefs Perceive current weekly consumption as 'just right' 48.1 45.5 50.7 0.92 Likely to have health problems if consume NSSBs every day 73.7 74.5 72.9 0.06 Drinking NSSBs every day would increase my risk of … (considerably / a great deal) Weight gain 47.1 48.8 45.3 0.39 Diabetes 47.3 50.2 44.3 1.24 Tooth decay 55.1 55.9 54.2 0.06 Heart disease 37.2 37.6 36.8 0.00 Cancer 30.2 31.0 29.4 0.07 Depression 22.2 20.7 23.9 0.45 Unsweetened juice attitudes and beliefs Perceive current weekly consumption as 'just right' 55.8 55.9 55.7 0.00 Likely to have health problems if consume unsweetened juice every day 38.4 33.3 44.0 4.09 * Drinking unsweetened juice every day would increase my risk of … (considerably / a great deal) Weight gain 26.8 25.8 27.9 0.13 Diabetes 24.4 24.9 23.9 0.02 Tooth decay 30.4 28.6 32.3 0.51 Heart disease 15.5 14.1 16.9 0.44 Cancer 9.7 8.9 10.4 0.13 Depression 8.9 8.5 9.5 0.03 Factor that most influences a drink selection (mutually exclusive) Thirst 23.7 21.7 25.9 1.74 Taste 20.8 21.6 19.9 Healthiness 17.4 16.4 18.4 Enjoyment 16.4 17.4 15.4 Other 217 23.0 20.4 Note : * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. CM reports grants from NHMRC and Cancer Council. KE and JD report grants from Cancer Council. All other authors declare they have no competing interests. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterials.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Medicine → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 18 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 16 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Sep, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 Sep, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Sep, 2024 First submitted to journal 01 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5014647","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":355720403,"identity":"8dc2c03a-ae71-48ab-b5b2-7d0cc3b8e430","order_by":0,"name":"Caroline Miller","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"The University of Adelaide","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Caroline","middleName":"","lastName":"Miller","suffix":""},{"id":355720404,"identity":"d1e7c0a6-3b0e-4df7-a22e-f67c7fce27eb","order_by":1,"name":"Enola Kay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Enola","middleName":"","lastName":"Kay","suffix":""},{"id":355720406,"identity":"0a718a81-4e8b-480f-ab25-0e16891c3ea3","order_by":2,"name":"Joanne Dono","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joanne","middleName":"","lastName":"Dono","suffix":""},{"id":355720408,"identity":"4d9c081d-936a-4b93-819a-456285b64d69","order_by":3,"name":"Kerry Ettridge","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kerry","middleName":"","lastName":"Ettridge","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-02 00:59:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5014647/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5014647/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03740-1","type":"published","date":"2024-11-18T15:58:03+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66948763,"identity":"720763ba-7420-46e6-952e-843a64aeb059","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 09:57:57","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":118315,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExperimental procedure\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5014647/v1/4128db59c6ad7ffffe4c6be7.png"},{"id":66949543,"identity":"86dcd4ce-3e1c-4211-984b-f7093ec0f8eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 10:05:57","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1019643,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExample image from app\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5014647/v1/fbbbcbb017595d3ece1ab272.png"},{"id":69835299,"identity":"fa9f301e-bcfb-4d02-8f21-7ec6d9f051cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-25 16:13:19","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2851275,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5014647/v1/919d5e20-2e8f-4ef6-a386-b75418235d9f.pdf"},{"id":66948765,"identity":"9acbf97d-68f2-469c-92a7-6895bbc995e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 09:57:57","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":102513,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryMaterials.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5014647/v1/cf11ccf78cb1d5283635e48a.docx"}],"financialInterests":"Competing interest reported. CM reports grants from NHMRC and Cancer Council. KE and JD report grants from Cancer Council. All other authors declare they have no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"Impacts of sugar and sweetener warning labels on substitution between sugar- and non-sugar sweetened beverages in a real-world selection task","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eGlobally, consumption of sugary drinks is high. In 2018, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) were consumed at an average rate of 2.7 serves per week, with this increasing to 7.8 serves across Latin America and the Caribbean (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). In Australia, 6.4% of the population reported consuming SSBs daily in 2020-21, at an average rate of 2.9 cups per day, with young adults (18\u0026ndash;24 years) being the highest consumers. Overconsumption of sugary drinks significantly contributes to the risk of developing obesity and related chronic health conditions including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, tooth decay, and periodontal disease (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). With sugary drink consumption being identified as a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of many health impacts, effective interventions for reducing excess consumption of sugary drinks are urgently needed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFront-of-pack (FOP) warning labels offer a promising approach to discouraging the consumption of sugary drinks, and over 30 countries have already implemented some kind of labelling system (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Chile, being the first country to mandate FOP nutrient warning labels, demonstrated the success of this approach (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e), and a recent systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of SSB warning labels for discouraging the selection of such drinks (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). To date, warning label schemes have largely involved communicating risks associated with consumption of labelled products, with the most common approach involving denoting products as \u0026ldquo;high in\u0026rdquo; a particular nutrient such as sugar (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Chile implemented this approach in 2016, and several countries have followed suit with similar mandatory labelling schemes, including Peru, Mexico, Uruguay, Argentine, Venezuela, Brazil, and Canada (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). In addition to \u0026ldquo;high in\u0026rdquo; labels, other label types have also shown potential. While research directly comparing effectiveness of different label types is limited, a recent evaluation of 27 label types indicated that labels providing concrete, factual, and easy to interpret information, such as teaspoons of sugar, provide benefit for consumers beyond the \u0026ldquo;high in\u0026rdquo; labels (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). Comparisons of the effectiveness of label types are still needed, especially in real-world contexts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolicies targeting sugary drink consumption are designed to reduce excess consumption. An inevitable consequence is that they also generate switching behaviours to other beverages. Research on FOP warning labels on SSBs has demonstrated potential switching behaviours, including increased consumption of non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSSBs). A recent study assessing the effectiveness of a range of SSB warning labels, in a real-world setting, found an increase in NSSB choices in conjunction with the decrease in SSB and increase in water choices (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). Countries having implemented SSB policies have also noted a corresponding increase in NSSB purchases (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Given recent advice from the WHO not to include non-sugar sweeteners in the diet, and concern over the potential health effects of consuming NSSBs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e), it is important to find effective methods for reducing SSB consumption that minimise substitution to NSSBs and promote water. One potential approach would be also to apply labels to NSSBs; informing consumers that the product contains sweeteners. This approach, targeting both sugar- and non-sugar sweetened products has been found effective for minimising NSSB substitution effects with beverage taxes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e), and may be effective with FOP labels as well. Further, this may confer other benefits for consumers as research indicates that some consumers are concerned about sweetener intake and, perhaps more importantly, are often unaware of sweetener content in products (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Australia, while FOP warning labels are not currently in place, there is a voluntary interpretive Health Star Rating (HSR) labelling scheme, which was introduced in 2014 and revised in 2020 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). HSRs range from 0.5 to 5-stars (with higher stars indicating greater nutritional quality). A mandatory warning label system would complement the current voluntary HSR system and provide clarity for consumers, given that uptake has been relatively low and skewed towards products with a higher rating (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e). A recent real-stakes Australian field study demonstrated the potential of the two schemes to coexist, with the addition of HSR icons alongside warning labels reinforcing preferences for waters over SSBs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile research is limited, one online study showed that non-sugar sweetener-specific warnings may help to reduce substitution towards NSSBs, with participants perceiving NSSBs to be less healthy for children when shown a drink with (versus without) a non-sugar sweetener warning label (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Research comparing different types of warning labels in real-world settings is required. The present study sought to address this gap, assessing the potential benefit of incorporating sweetener labels, alongside sugar warning labels, for discouraging SSB choices (and increasing water choices) without simultaneously increasing NSSB choices, in a naturalistic, real-stakes environment. The study also sought to determine whether such warning label schemes would be effective alongside existing interpretive FOP labels; namely the existing Australian and New Zealand HSR system. It was hypothesised: (i) that sugar warning labels would decrease the selection of SSBs while increasing selection of water and NSSBs, in line with existing research; (ii) that the combination of sugar and sweetener warning labels would decrease SSB choices while increasing water but not NSSB choices; and (iii) that these effects would be maintained with the addition of the HSR icons.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study used a randomised, between-group, repeated measures design. Participants were randomly allocated to one of four warning label conditions; two conditions were exposed only to warning labels relevant to sugary drinks (sugary drinks warning labels), displaying (i) sugar content (sugar pictogram [SP]), or (ii) health effects (health text [HT]), and two conditions were exposed to warning labels relevant to both sugary drinks and sweeteners (sugary drink plus NSSB warning labels), displaying (iii) sugar content and sweetener warnings (SP+NSSB), or (iv) health effects and sweetener warning labels (HT+NSSB; see Figure 1). Participants were exposed to a range of ten cold drinks on three occasions (Rounds 1 to 3), following an escalating exposure procedure, and were asked to select one drink each time. The drinks were presented to participants via a trial online convenience store app, accessed on laptops. The ten beverages were displayed simultaneously, with drink order randomised for each participant, and in each round. Drink options included four SSBs (soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, iced tea), four NSSBs (no-sugar versions of the four SSBs), one 100% fruit juice, and one water (see Table 1). Information about the drinks was progressively added across the three rounds, via warning labels and Health Star Rating (HSR) icons, as shown in Figure 1. In Round 1 (control) drinks were presented without any warning labels or HSR icons. In Round 2 sugar warning labels were added to SSBs and/or sweetener warning labels to NSSBs, according to allocated condition. In Round 3 HSR icons were added to all drinks, alongside the warning labels from Round 2. Warning labels and HSR icons were displayed on the front of each bottle with enlarged versions of the labels/icons presented alongside each image to ensure they were visible to participants (see Figure 2 for an example). When participants hovered over a drink in the app, a zoomed in image of the drink label, which also displayed any warning labels, was shown, and an enlarged image of the whole bottle was displayed when participants selected a drink, along with the option to confirm their drink selection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure 1.\u003c/strong\u003e Experimental procedure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u003c/strong\u003e Descriptive characteristics of drinks included in the study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eExample image from app\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA booth was set up in a centrally located position on a university campus for a total of seven days throughout the university\u0026rsquo;s orientation week (3 days; 20-22 February 2023) and subsequent semester weeks (4 days between 28 March \u0026nbsp;- 3 April 2023). Potential participants (16+ years) were recruited from the area around the booth, by trained research assistants, and were invited to participate in a trial of a convenience store app for selling cold beverages. Up to four participants completed the study at one time on laptops at the booth. Participants were provided brief verbal information and instructions on the study and the study information sheet. Participants provided informed consent before proceeding with the task, with brief on-screen instructions provided prior to commencing each round, and subsequently made their three drink selections. Participants then completed follow-up questions via an online survey. Survey completion was confirmed by one of the research assistants, who then checked the on-screen code which indicated participants\u0026rsquo; Round 3 drink choice, to determine their complementary drink which was then provided to the participant.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 414 people participated in the study, with most participating during the university\u0026rsquo;s orientation week (62.3%), and the highest proportion of participants being recruited on day two of orientation week (28.5%). Participation times ranged from 9.30am-4.00pm, with most (85.8%) participating between 11.00am-3.00pm. Mean temperature during data collection periods was 27.5˚ C (range: 13.3-37.8).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe survey was programmed using RedCap survey software (22, 23). The survey questions were developed from previously published measures (17) and have also been used in a similar previous study on warning labels on sugary drinks (12). Questions assessed consumption, perceptions, and health beliefs relating to SSBs (referred to as sugary drinks), 100% fruit juice (referred to as unsweetened juice), and water, with new questions added for NSSBs (referred to as artificially sweetened drinks). The study protocol was refined through pilot testing with approximately 40 participants. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDemographic\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e items included age (in years) and gender. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical beverage consumption\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e was assessed by asking participants to indicate \u0026ldquo;How often [they] normally drink a bottle or can of the following\u0026rdquo; (daily, weekly, monthly, less than monthly, never) for a range of SSBs (soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, iced tea), NSSBs (no-sugar soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, and iced tea), 100% fruit juice, and water. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePerceptions of consumption\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e were assessed by asking participants \u0026ldquo;[their] opinion, [on] the amount of [sugary drinks/artificially sweetened drinks/unsweetened juice] that [they] drink during an average week\u0026hellip;\u0026rdquo; (just right, too much, not enough). \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfluences on drink selection\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003ewere assessed by asking \u0026ldquo;When making a drink selection, I am normally influenced by (select one): taste, familiarity, thirst, healthiness of the drink, energy boost, time of day, enjoyment, treat, other.\u0026rdquo; \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eHealth beliefs\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ewere assessed by\u003c/em\u003e asking participants \u0026ldquo;If an average person like you drank a [sugary drink/artificially sweetened drink/unsweetened juice] every day, would they be likely or unlikely to have health problems later in life?\u0026rdquo; (response options: very unlikely, somewhat unlikely, neither likely nor unlikely, somewhat likely, very likely), and extent to which \u0026ldquo;drinking [sugary drinks/artificially sweetened drinks/unsweetened juice] every day would increase [their] risk of weight gain, diabetes, tooth decay, heart disease, cancer, and depression\u0026rdquo; (not at all, somewhat, moderately, considerably, a great deal). \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAttention to and perceived effectiveness of labels\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e was assessed through asking whether the participant recalled seeing an i) HSR icon, and ii) warning label, and to what extent they agreed or disagreed (strongly disagree, disagree, neither, agree, strongly agree) that: the icon/label grabbed their attention; they read and looked closely at the icon/label; the icon/label made them think about the health problems caused by sugary drinks; and the icon/label made them think about the health problems caused by artificially sweetened drinks. Participants were also asked to identify which of the warning labels they recalled seeing, from example images of each label type (sugar pictogram, health text, sweetener). The outside temperature for each participant at the time they completed they study was also collected. Ethics approval was obtained from The University of Adelaide Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: H-2023-013).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalyses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding\u0026nbsp;sweetener labels to sugar warning labels on participants\u0026rsquo; drink choices,\u0026nbsp;the four individual label conditions (SP, HT, SP+NSSB, HT+NSSB) were grouped into two conditions for analyses: a sugary drinks warning label condition (SP and HT), and a sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (SP+NSSB and HT+NSSB). The primary outcome for the main analyses of this study was change in drink selection across each of the three rounds, assessed according to condition type (sugary drinks vs. sugary drinks plus NSSB warning labels). Drink options were grouped into four drink categories: SSBs (soft drink, energy drink, sports drink, and iced tea), NSSB versions of the SSBs, unsweetened juice (one option only) and water (one option only) for statistical analysis. Comparisons between variables were analysed using chi-square tests, one-way ANOVAs, and repeated samples Cochran\u0026rsquo;s Q tests, with McNemar tests for pairwise comparisons. Pairwise comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction and \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026le;0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA series of supplementary analyses were also conducted (see supplementary materials). To provide insight into any issues with randomisation, participant characteristics, usual consumption, and baseline (Round 1) drink choices were compared across conditions and genders. These analyses indicated gender differences in usual consumption patterns; therefore, analyses were also conducted separately among males and females, with results of note reported in the text, and detailed results available from supplementary materials. Additional analyses also compared key outcomes across the four individual label conditions and examined whether change in drink selections varied according to participant characteristics, label perceptions, and participants\u0026rsquo; attitudes and beliefs.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample characteristics and baseline consumption patterns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipant characteristics are presented in Table 2. There was a greater proportion of males (50.5%) than females (42.8%; 6.8% other/prefer not to say) and mean age was 21.8 years (range: 16-69). Usual beverage consumption (weekly or more) was highest for bottled water (61.4%), followed by SSBs (38.2%), NSSBs (36.1%), and juice (35.0%), with participants nominating as many beverage types as relevant. For Round 1 drink choices, 42.3% chose an SSB, 32.6% chose an NSSB, 16.4% chose juice, and 9.2% chose bottled water.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults of comparisons of sample characteristics across conditions are available from Supplementary Table S1, and indicate randomisation was successful, and that regular consumption of SSBs and NSSBs was significantly higher among males than females (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.01). With respect to Round 1 drink choices (control; no labels), sports drink and no-sugar energy drink selection was higher among males than females (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.01), whereas iced tea, no-sugar iced tea, and water selection was higher among females than males (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.05).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChanges in drink popularity in response to warning labels (R2) and HSR icons (R3)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants\u0026rsquo; drink choices are reported by drink category (grouped as all SSBs, Juice, all NSSBs, and water) and by individual drink choice for each round, with comparisons made between conditions (see Table 3). The pattern of drink choices in Round 1 (control; no label) was consistent across conditions; SSBs were the most popular drink category, followed by NSSBs, juice, then water. With respect to individual drinks, iced tea and juice were the most popular choices in Round 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing the addition of the warning labels in Round 2, across both conditions, NSSBs became the most popular drink category, followed by SSBs, water, and juice. In the sugary drinks warning label condition, there was a significant decrease in selection of SSBs (-16.9%), and a significant increase in selection of NSSBs and water (+11.7% and +9.4%, respectively; \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003es\u0026lt;.005). In the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, the pattern of results was similar, albeit less prominent: there was a slight decrease in selection of SSBs (-6.0%; not significant), a slight increase in NSSB choices (+4.0%; not significant), and a significant increase in water selection (+7.0%; \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=.032). Juice selection decreased slightly across both conditions (-4.2% and -5.0%, respectively) though not significantly. With respect to selection of individual drinks, water became the most popular drink choice in the sugary drinks warning label condition and the second most popular drink choice in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (with iced tea remaining the most popular drink choice in this condition).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, the HSR icons presented in Round 3 had little additional effect in terms of change in drink choices, across rounds (i.e., R2-R3; see Table 3). The combined effect of warning labels and HSR icons (R1-R3) further consolidated the effect of warning labels on drink selection in the sugary drinks warning label condition (Table 3). Moreover, the sugary drink plus NSSB warning label plus HSR icon condition (R3) corresponded with a significant reduction in SSB selection compared to baseline (R1; -11.4%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=.003), unlike the warning labels without the HSR icons condition (R2; -6.0%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=.006).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eChanges in drink popularity across rounds, by experimental condition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndividual-level (within participant) changes in drink choices in response to warning labels (R2) and HSRs (R3)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe extent to which \u003cem\u003eindividuals\u003c/em\u003e changed their drink selection in response to warning labels (i.e., from R1-R2) is presented in Table 4. Overall, a slightly greater proportion of participants changed their drink choices in response to the sugary drinks warning labels (40.8%), than the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning labels (33.3%).\u0026nbsp;Participants who chose an NSSB in Round 1 were the least likely to switch drinks, across both conditions, though less switching occurred in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (19.3%) than the sugary drinks warning label condition (27.4%). Of the few participants who did switch from NSSBs in R1 in the sugary drinks warning label condition (n=17), participants switching from NSSBs were most likely to switch to water. In the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, however, participants switching from NSSBs (n=14) were equally likely to switch to water or an SSB.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, switching drink selection was more common among participants who chose an SSB in Round 1, compared to those who had initially chosen an NSSB (n=74 vs n=31). Across both conditions, participants who switched from an SSB in Round 1 were most likely to switch to an NSSB in Round 2. The number of individuals switching from SSBs increased even further in Round 3 with the addition of HSR icons (n=94). In the sugary drinks label condition, the majority switched to NSSBs (69%), followed by water (20%) and juice (11%). Switching to NSSBs was also common in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, albeit to a lesser degree (51%), and water selection was greater (33%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom Round 2 (warning labels) to Round 3 (warning labels and HSRs), approximately one third of participants changed their drink selection, with this finding consistent across conditions. The combined effect of warning labels and HSRs together (R3) in comparison to the control round (no warning labels; R1) was similar to that of warning label effects alone (R1-R2). Patterns of drink choices in Round 3 (warning labels and HSRs applied) were generally similar to Round 2 drink choices when only warning labels were applied.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWithin-participant changes in drink selection across rounds and subsequent drink choice, by experimental condition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttention to labels and perceptions of label effectiveness, and general perceptions, attitudes, and health beliefs towards drinks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAttention to labels and perceptions of label effectiveness are presented in Table 5. Most participants reported noticing a warning label (65.9%), and this was consistent across conditions (sugary drinks: 61.5%; sugary drinks plus NSSBs: 70.6%). The proportion of participants who correctly identified the warning label they had been exposed to (prompted) was significantly higher in the sugary drinks warning label condition (43.2%) than the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (29.4%; \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=.005).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong participants who reported seeing the warning labels, high proportions indicated the warning labels grabbed their attention (85.7%) and that they read and looked closely at the warning labels (75.5%), and around half indicated that the warning labels made them think about health problems caused by sugary drinks (55.3%), and artificially sweetened drinks (45.4%). These proportions were generally equivalent across conditions; although, a greater proportion of participants reported they read and looked closely at the warning labels in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition than the sugary drinks condition. A high proportion (86.7%) of participants recalled seeing the HSR icons (prompted, assessed prior to warning label recognition). Noticing, and perceived effectiveness of HSR icons was similar across conditions (See Table 5).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePerceptions and attitudes towards SSBs and NSSBs were largely similar across conditions (see Table 5). Results of supplementary analyses indicated some self -perceptions of consumption and health risk perceptions were higher among lower SSB consumers, lower NSSB consumers, and females (see Table S2). Results of further supplementary analyses also indicated there were few significant differences regarding change in drink choice across rounds, according to attention to and perceived effectiveness of warning labels and HSR icons (see Table S3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAttention to and perceived effectiveness of labels, and beverage attitudes/beliefs (total sample and experimental condition)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eExisting evidence supports the efficacy of sugar-focussed policy options, including FOP warning labels, for reducing SSB consumption and increasing water intake. However, these policies have also been found to increase consumption of other beverages, such as NSSBs (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Finding ways to implement SSB policies that do not increase consumption of NSSBs, given the increasing evidence of potential health effects of consuming NSSBs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e) is an important practical issue in public health policy. To assess the impact of FOP warning labels on beverage choices in a real-world environment, the present study investigated the effectiveness of sugar warning labels for influencing consumption behaviours, and the additional impact of adding sweetener warning labels alongside sugar warning labels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study demonstrate the popularity of high sugar drinks, reinforcing the urgent need for interventions to curb the overconsumption of such products. In the absence of any labelling (Round 1; control), SSBs were the most popular drink type, and iced tea and juice the most popular individual drinks. Adding sugar warning labels to beverages effectively reduced the selection of SSBs, while increasing NSSB and water choices, in line with existing research (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). Notably, water became the most popular individual drink choice in Round 2 following the introduction of warning labels in the sugary drinks warning label condition, underscoring their potential for encouraging healthier beverage choices. However, when looking at drink types, NSSBs (i.e., artificially sweetened soft drink, iced tea, sports drink, energy drink) became the most popular drink type in Round 2, in line with existing evidence on the impact of SSB policies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). The participants exposed to both sugary drink and NSSB warning labels in the present study, did not display the same NSSB substitution effects in Round 2, but did increase water choices. SSB choices also decreased in this condition, albeit, not significantly or to the same extent as they did in the sugary drinks warning label condition, potentially indicating that the inclusion of sweetener warning labels may have diluted the impact of sugar warning labels on SSB choices. Currently only three of the countries who have implemented mandatory warning labels have incorporated NSSBs into their policies (Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia) and there are currently no evaluations of their effectiveness. However, one study has examined the potential impact of Mexican sweetener warning labels which focus on children\u0026rsquo;s consumption of such products, stating \u0026ldquo;contains sweeteners \u0026ndash; not recommended in children\u0026rdquo; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Participants exposed to the sweetener warning labels had lower perceptions of healthfulness of sweetened drinks for children than when exposed to beverages without the label, and over 60% of participants indicated they used the warning labels at least sometimes when making purchasing decisions, indicating such labels may influence drink choices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe less marked decrease in SSB choices in the condition with sugary drink \u003cem\u003eand\u003c/em\u003e NSSB labels in the present study, may also be due to a label \u0026lsquo;saturation\u0026rsquo; effect given that, with the exception of water, every drink in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition had a warning label applied. As such, the only unlabelled option for participants choosing to avoid warning labels was water, which may not be the preference for many participants. Indeed, prior research indicates participants consider many factors when making drink selections and purchases, such as taste, value for money, and brand preferences (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). In contrast, in the sugary drinks warning label condition, there were more unlabelled options for participants wishing to avoid labelled drinks. The NSSBs also offered direct alternatives to SSBs (e.g., Coke versus No-Sugar Coke) for participants, but similar unlabelled alternatives were not available in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition. Reinforcing this, there appeared to be more within-participant movement in choices in the sugary drinks warning label condition, such that switching was more common in the sugary drinks warning label condition (40.8%) compared to the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (36.8%). Participants who chose an SSB in Round 1, were more likely to switch in the sugary drinks warning label condition (46.5%) than those in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition (36.8%), with most of these participants (in both conditions) switching to an NSSB. While the switch to NSSBs was greater in the absence of NSSB labels, the absence of unlabelled alternative drink options may have limited the impact of the intervention. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of a combined (sugar-plus-sweetener) labelling approach on selection of SSBs and NSSBs in an environment with greater availability and variety of products without labels (e.g. selection of waters or other non-sweetened drinks).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustralia currently has a voluntary Health Star Rating (HSR) labelling system that can be applied to products at the discretion of industry. The latest review of this system (2023) indicated that HSR uptake had occurred for around 37% of eligible products (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e), with evidence suggesting that manufacturers are selective in the products that display stars, with the four-star rating most commonly applied (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). At the time of this study, only one of the beverages displayed an on-package HSR icon, and thus for the purpose of this study HSRs were added uniformly to all beverages, by the researchers. Despite low actual uptake of the voluntary scheme, we explored the combined impact of warning labels and HSR icons in this study, to ensure FOP warning labels would be well suited to the Australian and New Zealand context specifically, and more generally to other jurisdictions with interpretive labels. HSRs were found to have little additional effect in comparison to warning label effects, but complemented warning label effects. For example, the addition of HSR icons with sugary drink and NSSB warning labels increased effects on SSB choices, resulting in decreased selection of SSBs and increased selection of water in response to the combination of these labels. Further, the addition of HSR icons in the sugary drinks warning label condition increased the effect on water choices, resulting in significant decreases in SSB choices and significant increases in NSSB and water choices in response to these labels. This suggests the addition of the HSR icons clearly rating water as healthier (5-stars) may have helped to shift choices away from SSBs (when combined with sugary drink and NSSB warning labels) and towards water (when combined with sugary drinks warning labels). Overall, results demonstrate that the warning label and HSR icon labelling schemes would complement each other. These findings are consistent with findings of a previous study that also found sugar warning labels can complement HSR icons in encouraging healthier drinks selection (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). However, this study extends these findings by showing sweetener warning labels can also complement HSR icons.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of participants reported noticing the warning labels. Correct identification of warning labels (prompted) was lower for the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition, compared to the sugary drinks warning label condition. This may be due to the amount of information participants had to recall (two labels, as opposed to one), or lower familiarity with considering the health effects of non-sugar sweeteners. While evidence on the health effects of sweeteners is increasing (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e), the health risk associated with non-sugar sweetened beverage consumption are not as well-known as that of sugary drinks consumption (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e), also observed in the results of this study. A higher proportion of participants noticed HSR icons compared to warning labels, but this was likely due to the familiarity of HSR icons among the Australian population, having been voluntarily implemented since 2014 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study had many strengths, including its real-world setting and real-stakes decision making, direct comparison of different types of sugar warning labels, and novel testing of the incorporation of sweetener warning labels, as well as demonstrating the combined impact of HSR and warning label schemes specific to the Australian context. However, there were several limitations. The study setting, a university campus was chosen to provide access to young adults, the primary consumers of sugary drinks; however, there are sample limitations and results may not be generalisable to the wider population. Additionally, due to the limitations of the convenience store app and maximum number of beverages that could be displayed without compromising visibility, the number of drinks were limited. This resulted in a disproportionate amount of SSBs (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4) and NSSBs (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4) compared to unsweetened juice (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1) and water (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1), as such there was very limited availability of non-labelled products in the sugary drinks plus NSSB warning label conditions. While these proportions may be somewhat in line with the range of products available in stores, which are heavily dominated by SSBs and NSSBs and have a limited variety of healthier options (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e), future research would benefit from including a broader range of beverages.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study supports and extends the results of previous online experimental studies focussing on sugary drink warnings to a real-stakes experiment that also addresses substitution effects demonstrated in response to sugary drink interventions. The results demonstrate the potential for advancement of FOP warning labels into policy, demonstrating reduced selection of SSBs in response to warning labels. Incorporation of sweetener labels may assist in mitigating substitution to NSSBs, but may also dilute the impact of sugary drinks warning labels if there are few non-label drink options. More in-depth research is required to fully evaluate the potential of including warning labels on NSSBs as well as sugary drinks, and the viability of enabling access to a wider variety of other healthier beverage options, besides water, to encourage healthier choices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eFOP: Front-of-pack; SSB: Sugar-sweetened beverage; NSSB: Non-sugar-sweetened beverage; HSR: Health Star Rating; FOPL: Front-of-pack labels; WHO: World Health Organization; SP: sugar pictogram; HT: health text; SP+NSSB: sugar content and sweetener warnings; HT+NSSB: health effects and sweetener warnings; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; R1: Round 1; R2: Round 2; R3: Round 3.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEthical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Adelaide (approval number: H-2023-013) and informed consent was obtained from participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe datasets generated or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCM reports grants from NHMRC and Cancer Council. KE and JD report grants from Cancer Council. All other authors declare they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe research reported in this publication was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator Grant (GNT1195421) awarded to CM.\u0026nbsp;KE and JD each received salary support to produce this manuscript with the financial and other support of Cancer Council SA\u0026rsquo;s Beat Cancer Project on behalf of its donors and the State Government of South Australia through the Department of Health and Wellbeing.\u0026nbsp;The funders of the study had no involvement in study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCM, JD, and KE conceived and designed the study. Data analysis was primarily conducted by EK and KE with input from CM and JD. All authors were involved in drafting and reviewing the manuscript, and all authors approved the final manuscript for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWe are grateful to Hannah Alexandrou, Samuel Ziesing, and Ryan Ellis for fieldwork assistance.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLara-Castor L, Micha R, Cudhea F, Miller V, Shi P, Zhang J, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries. Nature Communications. 2023;14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41269-8\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGupta V, Dawar A, Bhadauria US, Purohit BM, Nilima N. Sugar‐sweetened beverages and periodontal disease: A\u0026nbsp;systematic review. Oral Diseases. 2023;29(8):3078-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14368\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHaque M, McKimm J, Sartelli M, Samad N, Haque SZ, Bakar MA. A narrative review of the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages on human health: A key global health issue. Journal of Population Therapeutics \u0026amp;amp; Clinical Pharmacology. 2020;27(1):e76-e103. https://doi.org/10.15586/jptcp.v27i1.666\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMalik VS, Hu FB. The role of sugar-sweetened beverages in the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2022;18(4):205-18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00627-6\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMalik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, DespréS J-P, Hu FB. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Circulation. 2010;121(11):1356-64. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.109.876185\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eObesity Evidence Hub. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling 2024 [Available from: https://www.obesityevidencehub.org.au/collections/prevention/front-of-pack-nutrition-labelling.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJones A, Neal B, Reeve B, Ni Mhurchu C, Thow AM. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling to promote healthier diets: current practice and opportunities to strengthen regulation worldwide. BMJ Global Health. 2019;4(6):e001882. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001882\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTaillie LS, Reyes M, Colchero MA, Popkin B, Corval\u0026aacute;n C. An evaluation of Chile\u0026rsquo;s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study. PLOS Medicine. 2020;17(2):e1003015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAn R, Liu J, Liu R, Barker AR, Figueroa RB, McBride TD. Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Warning Labels on Consumer Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2021;60(1):115-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.003\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBatista MF, de Carvalho‐Ferreira JP, Thimoteo da Cunha D, De Rosso VV. Front‐of‐package nutrition labeling as a driver for healthier food choices: Lessons learned and future perspectives. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2023;22(1):535-86.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMiller C, Ettridge K, Pettigrew S, Wittert G, Coveney J, Wakefield M, et al. Warning labels for sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice: evaluation of 27 different labels on health effects, sugar content, energy and exercise equivalency. Public Health. 2024;230:138-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.026\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMiller C, Ettridge K, Pettigrew S, Wittert G, Wakefield M, Coveney J, et al. Warning labels and interpretive nutrition labels: Impact on substitution between sugar and artificially sweetened beverages, juice and water in a real-world selection task. Appetite. 2022;169:105818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105818\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRoyo-Bordonada M, Fern\u0026aacute;ndez-Escobar C, Gil-Bellosta CJ, Ordaz E. Effect of excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Catalonia, Spain, three and a half years after its introduction. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022;19(1):24. 10.1186/s12966-022-01262-8\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCastell\u0026oacute; JV, Casasnovas GL. Impact of SSB taxes on sales. Economics \u0026amp; Human Biology. 2020;36:100821.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO. Use of non-sugar sweeteners: WHO guideline. 2023. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/367660/9789240073616-eng.pdf?sequence=1.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhong Y, Auchincloss AH, Lee BK, Kanter GP. The short-term impacts of the Philadelphia beverage tax on beverage consumption. American journal of preventive medicine. 2018;55(1):26-34.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMiller C, Ettridge K, Wakefield M, Pettigrew S, Coveney J, Roder D, et al. An In-Depth Exploration of Knowledge and Beliefs Associated with Soda and Diet Soda Consumption. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092841\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCommonwealth of Australia. Health Star Rating Calculator \u0026nbsp;[Available from: http://www.healthstarrating.gov.au/internet/healthstarrating/publishing.nsf/Content/excel-calculator.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMaganja D, Davies T, Sanavio L, Louie JCY, Huffman MD, Trieu K, et al. Current food labelling practices in online supermarkets in Australia. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2023;20(1). https://doi.org/0.1186/s12966-023-01504-3\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZealand FSAN. Heath Star Rating Uptake in Australia - Report on progress against Health Star Rating uptake targets: Interim Target 1, 2023. 2024. Available from: http://www.healthstarrating.gov.au/internet/healthstarrating/publishing.nsf/Content/01C15064FB52327BCA25861D00364E60/$File/HSR%20-%20Uptake%20Report%20Year%203%20-%20final.pdf.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eArellano-G\u0026oacute;mez LP, J\u0026aacute;uregui A, Nieto C, Contreras-Manzano A, Quevedo KL, White CM, et al. Effects of front-of-package caffeine and sweetener disclaimers in Mexico: cross-sectional results from the 2020 International Food Policy Study. Public Health Nutrition. 2023;26(12):3278-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980023002100\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHarris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O\u0026apos;Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 2019;95:103208. 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHarris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u0026mdash;A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 2009;42(2):377-81. 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMiller C, Dono J, Wright K, Pettigrew S, Wakefield M, Coveney J, et al. \u0026ldquo;No Child or Adult Would Ever Probably Choose to Have 16 Teaspoons of Sugar\u0026rdquo;: A Preliminary Study of Parents\u0026rsquo; Responses to Sugary Drink Warning Label Options. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):4173.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMiller C, Wright K, Dono J, Pettigrew S, Wakefield M, Coveney J, et al. \u0026ldquo;You can\u0026rsquo;t just eat 16 teaspoons of sugar so why would you drink 16 teaspoons\u0026rsquo; worth of sugar?\u0026rdquo;: a qualitative study of young adults\u0026rsquo; reactions to sugary drink warning labels. BMC public health. 2022;22(1):1-12.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDono J, Ettridge K, Wakefield M, Pettigrew S, Coveney J, Roder D, et al. Nothing beats taste or convenience: a national survey of where and why people buy sugary drinks in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2020;44(4):291-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13000\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKeaney M, Maganja D, Barrett E, Pettigrew S, Jones A. Selective industry adoption of a voluntary front-of-pack nutrition label results in low and skewed uptake: 10-year results for the Health Star Rating. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2024. 10.1038/s41430-024-01480-2\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAustralia and New Zealand Ministerial Forum on Food Regulation. Final Communique. 29 June 2018. Available from: https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/fr/publishing.nsf/Content/020771CD774AE047CA2582B8000581EB/$File/FinalCommuniqueJune2018.pdf.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRios-Leyvraz M, Montez J. Health effects of the use of non-sugar sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240046429.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGrigsby-Duffy L, Schultz S, Orellana L, Robinson E, Cameron AJ, Marshall J, et al. The Healthiness of Food and Beverages on Price Promotion at Promotional Displays: A Cross-Sectional Audit of Australian Supermarkets. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(23):9026. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239026\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDescriptive characteristics of drinks included in the study\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"810\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBeverage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariety\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContainer volume (ml)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugar per 100ml\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(g)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugar per container (tsp)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtificial sweeteners\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHealth Star Rating used in study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrink group\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;used for analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 810px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContains sugar (sugary drinks)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoca-Cola\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClassic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e600ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMother\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOriginal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnergy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGatorade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBerry Chill\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e600ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIced Tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLemon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDaily Juice Co.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrange\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100% fruit juice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 810px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContains artificial sweetener (NSSBs)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoca-Cola\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo Sugar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo-sugar soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e600ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e951, 950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMother\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZero Sugar Original\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo-sugar energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e955, 950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGatorade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo Sugar Berry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo-sugar sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e600ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e955, 950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIced Tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo Sugar Lemon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo-sugar iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e500ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e955, 950\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 810px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContains neither sugar nor artificial sweetener\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMount Franklin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStill water\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e600ml\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 810px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNote: 951 = Aspartame; 950 = Ace-K; 955 = Sucralose\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eParticipant characteristics, usual drink consumption, Round 1 choice, and average testing temperature, for total sample\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"321\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e=414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCategorical variables\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Female\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Male\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Other/prefer not to say\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 321px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUsual consumption (less than weekly)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSSBs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e38.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuice\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e35.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNSSBs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e36.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBottled water\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e61.4\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 321px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRound 1 drink selections (control condition; no labels)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSSBs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e42.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuice\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e15.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNSSBs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e32.6\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBottled water\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e9.2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eContinuous variables\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eM (SD)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.8 (6.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 246px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOutside temperature during testing (\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.5 (6.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eChanges in drink popularity across rounds, by experimental condition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"945\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e=414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18.5875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrink selection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.5054%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8.1709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChange in drink selection\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 1 (control)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 2\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(warning label)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 3 (warning label + HSR icons)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 1-\u0026gt; 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 2-\u0026gt; 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRound 1 -\u0026gt; 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55.352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugary drinks warning label condition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSBs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e46.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-16.9 ***\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-5.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-22.6 ***\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-10.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJuice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-4.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-2.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNSSBs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e43.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11.7 **\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.6 ***\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWater\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.4 **\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.8 ***\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 55.352%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSBs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e37.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-6.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-5.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-11.4 **\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJuice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-5.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-1.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNSSBs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e36.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e41.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar soft drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar energy drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar sports drink\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; No-sugar iced tea\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.6685%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWater\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2122%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.7399%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.2708%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.4499%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.0 *\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7.0363%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-1.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6.919%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.0 *\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Repeated-samples Cochran\u0026rsquo;s Q test with pairwise comparisons (McNemar) adjusted using Bonferroni corrections; * \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.05, ** \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.01; *** \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.001.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWithin-participant changes in drink selection across rounds and subsequent drink choice, by experimental condition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"103%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal sample \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e=414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e% Changed from R1-R2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e% Changed from R2-R3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e% Overall change R1-R3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 23%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRound 2 choice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(of those who switched from R1-R2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRound 3 choice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(of those who switched from R1-R3)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJuice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNSSB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWater\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJuice\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNSSB\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWater\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugary drinks warning label condition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e213\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e59.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e66.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e42.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e57.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e87\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e48.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e90\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose SSB R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose Juice R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose NSSB R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose Water R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSugary drinks plus NSSB warning label condition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e201\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e33.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e66.7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e64.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e59.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e67\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e23.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e32.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e29.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e82\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19.5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e37.8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e28.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose SSB R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose Juice R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose NSSB R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Chose Water R1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.668\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.841\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 3%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 4%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: R1=Round 1 (control; no labels); R2=Round 2 (warning labels); R3=Round 3 (warning labels and HSR icons); \u003csup\u003ea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-value depicts\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eresults of chi-square determining variation in change across rounds (changed versus did not change) by experimental condition (sugary drinks, sugary drinks plus NSSBs)\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAttention to and perceived effectiveness of labels, and beverage attitudes/beliefs (total sample and experimental condition)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal (all participants)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSugary drinks warning labels\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSugary drinks plus NSSB warning labels\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u0026sup2;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttention to and perceived effectiveness of warning labels and HSR icons\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttention to warning labels\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Reported seeing any warning label (prompted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Correctly identified warning label(s) (prompted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.96 **\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived effectiveness of warning labels (among those who reported seeing the warning labels; n=273)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Grabbed my attention (% agree/strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Read and looked closely at the warning label (% agree/strongly disagree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.93 **\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Made me think about health problems caused by sugary drinks (% quite a bit / very much)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Made me think about health problems caused by artificially sweetened drinks (% quite a bit / very much)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttention to HSR icons\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Reported seeing HSR icon (prompted)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerceived effectiveness of HSR icons (among those who reported seeing the HSRs; n=359)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Grabbed my attention (% agree/strongly agree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Read and looked closely at the warning label (% agree/strongly disagree)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Made me think about health problems caused by sugary drinks (% quite a bit / very much)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Made me think about health problems caused by artificially sweetened drinks (% quite a bit / very much)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitudes and beliefs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSB attitudes and beliefs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Perceive current weekly consumption as \u0026apos;just right\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Likely to have health problems if consume SSBs every day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Drinking SSBs every day would increase my risk of \u0026hellip; (considerably / a great deal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Weight gain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Tooth decay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Heart disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Cancer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Depression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNSSB attitudes and beliefs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Perceive current weekly consumption as \u0026apos;just right\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Likely to have health problems if consume NSSBs every day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Drinking NSSBs every day would increase my risk of \u0026hellip; (considerably / a great deal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Weight gain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Tooth decay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Heart disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Cancer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Depression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnsweetened juice attitudes and beliefs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Perceive current weekly consumption as \u0026apos;just right\u0026apos;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Likely to have health problems if consume unsweetened juice every day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09 *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Drinking unsweetened juice every day would increase my risk of \u0026hellip; (considerably / a great deal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Weight gain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Tooth decay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Heart disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Cancer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Depression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactor that most influences a drink selection (mutually exclusive)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThirst\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTaste\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealthiness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnjoyment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: * \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.05, ** \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.01, *** \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;.001\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-medicine","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmed","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Medicine](http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12916","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12916/3","title":"BMC Medicine","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"front-of-pack labels, FOPWL, warning labels, sugar-sweetened beverages, sugary drinks, non-sugar sweetened beverages","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5014647/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5014647/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFront-of-pack (FOP) warning labels have demonstrated effectiveness for reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and switching to water. However, an unintended consequence is that they may also increase switching to non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSSBs). A real-stakes experimental study examined the effectiveness of combining sugar and sweetener FOP warning labels to reduce sugary drink consumption and prevent NSSB substitution. The study also examined potential integration with Australia and New Zealand\u0026rsquo;s existing Health Star Rating (HSR) system to determine suitability for local context and other jurisdictions with interpretive labelling schemes already in place.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants (\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;414) accessed an online convenience store app via an on-campus laptop to select one drink from an array of 10 beverages, on three occasions. Drink options included a variety of SSBs, 100% fruit juice, NSSBs, and water. Following an escalating exposure procedure, drinks were presented (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) without any additional labelling, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) with warning labels added to sugary drinks or to both sugary drinks and NSSBs (according to allocated condition), then (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) with HSR icons added to all drinks. Participants were informed they would receive a complementary drink, based on their selections, following the completion of a brief questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaseline results indicated that SSBs and water were the most and least popular drink choices, respectively. Placing FOP warning labels on sugary drinks decreased selection of SSBs and increased NSSB and water choices. Water became the most popular individual drink choice in response to warnings on sugary drinks. Placing FOP warning labels on both sugary drinks and NSSBs successfully avoided an increase in NSSB choices, whilst also increasing water selections, but did not significantly decrease selection of SSBs until HSR ratings were added. The incorporation of HSR icons consolidated warning label effects on NSSB and water selection across both conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults demonstrate the potential of FOP sugar warning labels for addressing beverage consumption behaviours. The incorporation of sweetener warning labels may successfully avoid substitution towards NSSBs, whilst still promoting water choices, but may also dilute the impact of the sugary drinks warning labels. Warning labels were complementary to existing interpretive FOP labels.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impacts of sugar and sweetener warning labels on substitution between sugar- and non-sugar sweetened beverages in a real-world selection task","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-18 09:57:52","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5014647/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-09-18T11:27:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-18T10:25:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-17T02:51:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"164663696648078848161813315838879710229","date":"2024-09-03T12:22:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"182949348969802444175965634760194821647","date":"2024-09-03T11:52:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-09-03T11:22:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-09-02T09:37:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-09-02T08:30:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Medicine","date":"2024-09-02T00:57:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-medicine","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmed","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Medicine](http://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12916","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12916/3","title":"BMC Medicine","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"479cfc6d-564a-4934-9a11-4aac5a3baa1d","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-25T16:08:10+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5014647","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03740-1","journal":{"identity":"bmc-medicine","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Medicine"},"publishedOn":"2024-11-18 15:58:03","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 18th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-18 09:57:52","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12916-024-03740-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03740-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5014647","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5014647","identity":"rs-5014647","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}