Mix Design of Sprayed Steel Fiber Recycled Concrete

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This study used orthogonal experiments to investigate how water-cement ratio, recycled aggregate replacement rate, and steel fiber volume ratio affect SSFRC properties and developed a mix design method.

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This preprint studied sprayed steel fiber recycled concrete (SSFRC) by testing how water–cement ratio, recycled aggregate (RA) replacement rate (0%, 50%, 100%), and steel fiber volume ratio affect fresh and hardened concrete properties, including slump, compressive strength, and bending strength. Using 9 orthogonal experimental designs (3 factors at 3 levels), the authors identified the primary and secondary order of factor effects and developed mathematical mix-ratio models by fitting relationships from the single-factor controls and orthogonal analysis. They analyzed slump results from 24 mix-ratio tests to determine optimal sand content percentages (49%, 51%, and 53%) and proposed a mix design calculation method validated with an example verification, claiming the method is accurate and practical. The study is presented as a preprint and is not peer reviewed; this paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis.

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Abstract

Abstract Sprayed steel fiber recycled concrete (SSFRC) is a new type of green composite building material. This study examines the impact of water-cement ratio, recycled aggregate (RA) replacement rate, and steel fiber (SF) volume ratio on concrete properties such as slump, compressive strength, and bending strength. To accomplish this, 9 orthogonal experimental designs with 3 factors and 3 levels are utilized. The primary and secondary order of factors affecting the slump, compressive strength, and bending strength of fresh concrete are obtained by analyzing experimental data. To calculate the mix ratio, the mathematical model is obtained by controlling single factor variables and fitting relationships of relevant factor data based on the analysis results of the significance of orthogonal experiments. By investigating the replacement rates of 0%, 50%, and 100% RA, we examined the ideal sand content for SSFRC. The slump values of 24 mix ratio tests were analyzed, leading to the identification of the optimal outcomes associated with sand content percentages of 49%, 51%, and 53%. Finally, we obtained the calculation method for the mix ratio of SSFRC. Based on the example calculation and verification presented in this article, it can be concluded that the mix design method proposed for SSFRC is accurate, simple, convenient, and practical.
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Mix Design of Sprayed Steel Fiber Recycled Concrete | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mix Design of Sprayed Steel Fiber Recycled Concrete Xiangguang Pan, Jilin Sun, Xianzheng Quan, Jiaxiao Si, Sibo Sun, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4253552/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Sprayed steel fiber recycled concrete (SSFRC) is a new type of green composite building material. This study examines the impact of water-cement ratio, recycled aggregate (RA) replacement rate, and steel fiber (SF) volume ratio on concrete properties such as slump, compressive strength, and bending strength. To accomplish this, 9 orthogonal experimental designs with 3 factors and 3 levels are utilized. The primary and secondary order of factors affecting the slump, compressive strength, and bending strength of fresh concrete are obtained by analyzing experimental data. To calculate the mix ratio, the mathematical model is obtained by controlling single factor variables and fitting relationships of relevant factor data based on the analysis results of the significance of orthogonal experiments. By investigating the replacement rates of 0%, 50%, and 100% RA, we examined the ideal sand content for SSFRC. The slump values of 24 mix ratio tests were analyzed, leading to the identification of the optimal outcomes associated with sand content percentages of 49%, 51%, and 53%. Finally, we obtained the calculation method for the mix ratio of SSFRC. Based on the example calculation and verification presented in this article, it can be concluded that the mix design method proposed for SSFRC is accurate, simple, convenient, and practical. Shotcrete Steel fiber Recycled aggregate Orthogonal experiment Slump Strength Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4253552","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":297569880,"identity":"bf30631c-9c9e-47a4-b209-732a499e9880","order_by":0,"name":"Xiangguang Pan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Qingdao University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiangguang","middleName":"","lastName":"Pan","suffix":""},{"id":297569881,"identity":"6acfd250-4026-4aa6-bdc1-9dcf2fa085a8","order_by":1,"name":"Jilin Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Qingdao University of 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