Implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications

Implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications Binglei Yuan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787526/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective: This paper aimed to unravel the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications. Methods: Ninety-five patients with urinary calculi were selected and all received PCNL. The patients were randomly separated into two groups, of which 50 cases were in the control group, received conventional nursing throughout the treatment, and 45 cases were in the observation group, accepted whole-course high-quality nursing on top of the control group. Postoperative recovery time, including bed time, pain relief time, and hospitalization time was compared. The psychological status was measured by Self-Rating Anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The postoperative pain degree was tested by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively. Quality of life was assessed by the Generic Quality Of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74). Nursing satisfaction, treatment efficacy, and complications were compared. Results: The observation group possessed shorter bed time, pain relief time, and hospitalization time and reduced SAS and SDS scores after nursing versus the control group. VAS scores of patients in the observation group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively were reduced versus those in the control group. The scores of all dimensions of GQOLI-74 in the observation group were raised relative to the control group. The observation group possessed higher nursing satisfaction and clinical efficacy and reduced complications than the control group. Conclusion: During the treatment period of PCNL for urinary calculi, the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing effectively reduces postoperative complications, regulates patients’ adverse psychological status, and has a positive effect on improving the quality of life, which has promotion value. Whole-course high-quality nursing Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Urinary calculi Postoperative complications Quality of life Postoperative pain degree Introduction Urinary calculi, also known as calculi formation in the urinary system, is a common urological disease frequently encountered among individuals at a age of 30 to 55 years [ 1 ]. Urinary calculi are frequent in a general population [ 2 ], which is reported to be with a life-time risk of approximately 10–15% in industrialized countries [ 3 ]. Urinary calculi can result in renal colic featured with paroxysmal or long-term serious pain feelings in the upper lumbar or abdomen region. Therefore, the clinical attention focuses on developing methods to improve pain symptoms [ 4 ]. Urinary calculi is recurrent and this disease has the ability to influence kidney function, which requires a range of medical and surgical treatments that are able to significantly affect on patients’ health-related quality of life [ 5 ]. The medical management for urinary calculi can be done through surgical intervention to extract stones, by the techniques such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopy and open surgery [ 6 ]. PCNL, a technique that has been around since 1976, is a main surgery for renal calculi > 2 cm or complicated multiple calculi [ 7 ]. PCNL is reported to act as the first line treatment method for large renal stones [ 8 ]. Upper urinary tract stones is considered as the most common disorder in urology. PCNL and ureteroscopic lithotripsy are widely utilized treatment techniques for upper urinary tract stones [ 9 ]. Infection is a common complication of PCNL in the treatment of urinary calculi [ 10 ]. As previously reported, comprehensive nursing mode is capable of effectively reducing the effects of PCNL on T cell subsets and immunoglobulin levels in individuals with renal calculus and relieving damage to renal function and complications, thereby improving nursing satisfaction and promoting postoperative recovery [ 11 ]. Moreover, the comprehensive care is effective among patients who undergo minimally invasive PCNL, which can not only keep life sign stable but also minimize complications [ 12 ]. Whole-course high-quality nursing is also reported to play a role in the improvements of adverse emotions, quality of life and nursing care satisfaction, and the reduction of negative reactions of patients with liver cancer in the process of radiotherapy [ 13 ]. Considering the above researches, we realize that the impact of whole-course high-quality nursing in urinary calculi as well as its effects on complications are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study focused on ascertaining the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in PCNL for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications. Materials and methods Ethics statement The study was ratified by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. All patients and their families were informed about the methods and operation and signed the relevant informed responsibility form before admission. Study subjects A total of 95 patients with urinary calculi hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2018 to November 2020 were selected, and the patients were treated with PCNL. The selected patients were separated into two groups, of which 50 cases were in the control group and 45 cases were in the observation group. Inclusion criteria: (1) patients whose clinical symptoms conformed to the diagnostic criteria for urinary calculi in the 2013 Guidelines on Urinary calculi; (2) those diagnosed by CT, B-ultrasound, X-ray, and other diagnostic methods; (3) those with informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (1) those combined with systemic infectious diseases; (2) those combined with severe traumatic diseases; (3) those combined with hematopoietic diseases; (4) those with contraindications to surgery such as allergy to anesthetic drugs. Nursing methods The patients in the two groups received PCNL at the same time. In the process of treatment, those in the control group received conventional nursing. Before the operation, “three inspections and seven verifications” were carefully carried out to confirm the patients’ lesion location. During the operation, the patients’ vital indicators were monitored, and after the operation, the patients’ conditions were actively monitored in the process of nursing, and complications were prevented and treated. The whole-course high-quality nursing measures for those in the observation group were as follows. ① Pre-operative nursing measures: Before the surgery, cardiopulmonary function, coagulation function, and excretory urography examinations were performed on each patient in the observation group. Patients would have certain bad emotions such as doubts, fears, and anxieties and psychological problems before the surgery, and on the day before the surgery, the nursing staff should communicate with patients to eliminate their bad emotions and psychological problems, and explain the mechanism of PCNL and the procedures of the surgery to the patients and their family members, so that the patients and their families can do a good job of psychological construction and actively cooperate with the treatment. ② Intra-operative nursing measures: Before the surgery, the physician would communicate with the operating room nurse and the anesthesiologist to ensure the safety of the patient during the surgery. The patient entered the operating room, and then the intravenous channel was first established. The patient’s respiration, electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation and other vital signs were closely monitored and recorded, and attention was paid to the patient at any time to see whether the phenomenon of pneumothorax occurred. The nursing staff adjusted the data of the equipment under the guidance of the physician and recorded the data of each equipment. ③Postoperative nursing: After the operation, the patient cannot return to the ward immediately, but should be observed in the operation room for about 1 h. The nursing staff should measure and record the patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, and other signs. If the patient had the phenomenon of accelerated respiration, chest tightness, rising blood pressure, the staff should check the fixed position and tightness of the double J-tube and drain in a timely manner, and in case of any danger, timely rescue and treatment should be performed. The patient’s wound area was cleaned and disinfected, and after confirming that all vital signs were maintained in the normal range, the staff should push the patient away from the operating room and do a good job of docking. During the postoperative period, the nursing staff ought to closely observe the changes in drainage fluid shape, amount and color, and meantime, the fistula dressing of the nephrostomy tube should be changed in time to keep clean, and the ureter should be kept clean to prevent the occurrence of infection. The utilization of double J tube will stimulate the patient’s bladder, and the nursing staff should explain the role of double J tube to the patients and their families in a timely manner, to avoid the patient’s bad emotions. And the nursing staff and family members should observe the patient’s abdominal condition at any time to prevent the patient’s other organs from injury and infection, and the patient should drink more water and avoid strenuous exercise and urine holding after the operation. Observation indicators 1. Treatment efficacy: Apparently effective: disappeared clinical symptoms, vital signs in the normal range, self-care ability; Effective: basically disappeared clinical symptoms, vital signs in the normal range, basic self-care ability, occasional discomfort, but no major obstacles; Ineffective: no improvement or even more serious changes in disease condition after treatment. The sum of apparently effective and effective was the overall effective rate of treatment. 2. Recovery time: The bed time, pain relief time and the length of hospital stay of both groups were recorded. 3. Anxiety and depression: The psychological status of patients in both groups was evaluated by Self-Rating Anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and each scale contained 20 entries, and the higher the scores, the more serious the patient’s condition. 4. Postoperative pain degree: Prior to operation and 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively, the pain degree was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The patients were provided with a scale bar with 0–10 scale corresponding to the pain degree of a score of 0–10 points, with the 0 end of the scale bar corresponding to no pain and the 10 end of the scale bar corresponding to serious pain. The score had a positive correlation with the pain degree. 5. Quality of life: Preoperative and 1-month postoperative quality of life was evaluated by the Generic Quality Of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), which included 4 dimensions of physical life, social function, spirituality, and psychological function, with a total of 74 items, and was scored on 5 Likert scale, with a range of 1–5 points for a single item. The score had a positive correlation with the patient’s quality of life. 6. Nursing satisfaction: Total satisfaction = (number of very satisfied + number of satisfied) ÷ number of subgroups. 7. Complications observation: The cases of bleeding, urine leakage, infection, pleural injury and other complications in the two groups were recorded. Statistics SPSS20.0 statistical software was applied for data analysis. Numeration data were depicted as [case (%)], and the χ 2 test or Fisher’s exact test was carried out. Measurement data were depicted as ( \(\:\overline{x}\) ± s), and t test was implemented. P < 0.05 unearthed statistically significant difference. Results General data There were 31 males and 19 females in the control group, aged 40-52 years old, with a mean age of 45.16 ± 3.31 years old, and they had s disease duration of 3-6 years, averaged 4.24 ± 0.77 years. In terms of education level, there were 33 cases as middle school and below, 15 cases high school, and 2 cases college and above; and they had a stone size of 0.57-2.55 cm, averaged 1.69 ± 0.47 cm. There were 30 cases of men and 15 cases of women in the observation group, aged 39-53 years old and with a mean age of 45.87 ± 3.23 years old, and they possessed a disease duration of 3-6 years, averaged 4.40 ± 0.94 years. In terms of education level, there were 30 cases as middle school and below, 11 cases high school, and 4 cases college and above, and their stone size was 0.55-3.18 cm, averaged 1.73 ± 0.58 cm (Table 1). Clinical efficacy In the observation group, there was only 1 patient with no improvement, and the treatment efficiency was as high as 97.78%, while there were 11 patients with no improvement in the control group, and the treatment efficiency was only 78.00% ( P < 0.05) (Table 2). Recovery time The observation group possessed shorter bed time, pain relief time, and hospital stay versus the control group ( P 0.05). SAS and SDS scores were decreased in both groups after nursing, and those scores of the observation group were reduced versus the control group ( P 0.05); VAS scores in the observation group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively were all lower versus those in the control group ( P 0.05). The postoperative GQOLI-74 scores of each dimension in the observation group were raised versus those in the control group ( P < 0.05) (Table 6). Nursing satisfaction The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 97.78%, and the satisfaction with nursing care in the control group was 82.00%, which revealed that the nursing satisfaction of the control group was reduced versus that of the observation group ( P < 0.05) (Table 7). Complication incidence The overall complication rate in the control group was 24.00%, which was raised in contrast with that in the observation group of 6.67% ( P < 0.05) (Table 8). Discussion Urinary calculi is a disease diagnosed by one or more stones presented in the urinary tract [ 6 ]. Patients with stone disorder tend to possess worse physical and mental health-relevant quality of life [ 5 ]. This paper focused on the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in PCNL for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications. At first, we compared the clinical effects between the two groups, and found that in the observation group where whole-course high-quality nursing was carried out, there was only 1 patient with no improvement, and the treatment efficiency was as high as 97.78%, while in the control group in which routine nursing was performed, there were 11 patients with no improvement, and the treatment efficiency was only 78.00%. A previous study has revealed that perioperative fast-track surgery (FTS) care can shorten get-out-of-bed time and hospital stay [ 14 ]. In our paper, the whole-course high-quality nursing also achieved the same effects in the recovery time between the two groups. It was found that the observation group possessed shorter bed time, pain relief time, and hospital stay than the control group. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that after whole-course high-quality nursing care, the SDS and SAS scores are lower [ 13 , 15 ]. In our study, we found that after nursing, SAS and SDS scores were diminished in both groups, and those scores of the observation group were reduced versus those of the control group. The application of FTS concept in the perioperative nursing of kidney stone disease patients under computed tomography imaging can reduce the patients’ pain and improve their postoperative quality of life [ 14 ]. In our paper, pre- and post-operative pain degree was assessed by VAS and the VAS scores in the observation group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively were all reduced in contrast with those of the control group. As for quality of life, it was found that the postoperative GQOLI-74 scores in the observation group were higher in contrast with those in the control group. As previously reported, after whole course high-quality nursing, the nursing satisfaction is elevated and the total incidence of adverse reactions is reduced [ 13 ]. It is also reported that patients who receive high-quality nursing possess higher overall nursing satisfaction scores [ 16 ]. In our paper, it was found that the nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group was 97.78%, and the nursing care satisfaction of the control group was 82.00%, which revealed that the nursing satisfaction of the control group was reduced versus that of the observation group. Moreover, the total complication rate in the control group was 24.00%, which was elevated versus that in the observation group of 6.67%. In summary, this research demonstrates that during the therapeutic period of PCNL for urinary calculi, the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing is able to effectively diminish postoperative complications, regulate patients’ adverse psychological status, and have a positive effect on promoting the quality of life, which is worthy of promotion. This research lays a foundation to explore the impact of whole-course high-quality nursing in patients with urinary calculi. Our study is on the basis of limited clinical data, which is the major limitation of our research, and further exploration is necessary to further convince our findings. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was ratified by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (approval number:20180622). All patients and their families were informed about the methods and operation and signed the relevant informed responsibility form before admission. Consent for publication Not applicable Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Conflict of interest The author declares no competing interests. Data availability statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Authors' contributions Binglei Yuan contributed to study design; manuscript editing; experimental studies and data analysis. Acknowledgement We thank the associate editor and the reviewers for their useful feedback that improved this paper. References Li, M.L., et al., Risk assessment and prevention of urolithiasis in urban areas of Baoding, China. Medicine (Baltimore), 2024. 103 (2): p. e35880. Young, J.G., Urinary tract stones in cystic fibrosis. Paediatr Respir Rev, 2018. 27 : p. 21-23. Umbehr, M.H. and M. Muntener, [Urinary stone disease - size isn't all that matters]. Ther Umsch, 2021. 78 (5): p. 215-221. Wu, L.M., et al., Wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with pain nursing for the treatment of urinary calculi with acute pain. World J Clin Cases, 2023. 11 (18): p. 4287-4294. Raja, A., Z. Hekmati, and H.B. Joshi, How Do Urinary Calculi Influence Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient Treatment Preference: A Systematic Review. J Endourol, 2016. 30 (7): p. 727-43. Kachkoul, R., et al., Urolithiasis: History, epidemiology, aetiologic factors and management. Malays J Pathol, 2023. 45 (3): p. 333-352. Antoniou, V., A. Pietropaolo, and B.K. Somani, Lithotripsy devices for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) - new developments. Curr Opin Urol, 2022. 32 (4): p. 405-410. Knoll, T., et al., Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: technique. World J Urol, 2017. 35 (9): p. 1361-1368. Chen, Y., et al., Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones: a meta-analysis comparing clinical efficacy and safety. BMC Urol, 2020. 20 (1): p. 109. Zhou, G., et al., The influencing factors of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Urolithiasis, 2022. 51 (1): p. 17. Yu, R., J. Ge, and Y. Lei, Effects of Different Nursing Modes on Immune Function and Renal Function in Patients with Renal Calculus Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Arch Esp Urol, 2023. 76 (9): p. 703-710. Wei, X.L., et al., The Effect of Comprehensive Care on the Patients Received Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Iran J Public Health, 2017. 46 (7): p. 923-929. Pang, L., et al., Application Effects of Whole Course High-Quality Nursing on Patients with Liver Cancer during Radiotherapy. Iran J Public Health, 2019. 48 (10): p. 1777-1785. Chen, Y. and J. Yang, Perioperative Fast-Track Surgery Nursing Intervention for Patients with Kidney Stone Disease under Computed Tomography Imaging. Contrast Media Mol Imaging, 2023. 2023 : p. 1101388. Chen, J. and H. Bai, Evaluation of Implementation Effect of Cervical Cancer Comprehensive Treatment Patients With Whole-Course High-Quality Care Combined With Network Continuation Care. Front Surg, 2022. 9 : p. 838848. Luo, Q. and S. Zheng, Effect of High-Quality Whole-Course Care on Psychological Status and Postoperative Pharyngeal Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Rrenal Failure. Front Surg, 2022. 9 : p. 905413. Tables Tables 1 to 8 are available in the Supplementary Files section Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Tables.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4787526","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":333466267,"identity":"2c196870-7008-4b97-9ede-0a40e19a610f","order_by":0,"name":"Binglei Yuan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCUlEQVRIie3QMWrDMBSA4ScC8qImq4pKfQUFQ7uEpEeRMdhLC+5SPNoI5KUHcJceI3SU0dDFN2iHBEOmDp1KChmitBSyxM4YqP5N8D4JPQCX6wTjGmAAHGAIqGi/N/QSe6U+jmBAMkD5JBiSRnSS83xHYEcAM5TH4TO94Z1kRKNVm6bvU+VJGdy/mERRELDO5gcJpvF1UPFVpEhdtE+NuVOs0Oixeesg4ooRbiJMQ8kJtuRCiwFSXST5+iX+UlFLEnsJ7yG3P69MMUWKnalY9BPy8cAqbgQmoRxXzWSs7JLrzr94yZylGzMbea/LxWdGfb8s68U6O0z+CvP9k+6dt82OGXK5XK5/2hb/LVVQMi+8uwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Binglei","middleName":"","lastName":"Yuan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-23 09:42:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787526/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787526/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":69374456,"identity":"d1d53073-a01e-470c-a349-4fa863105c12","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-19 16:53:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":370558,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4787526/v1/ce78da0a-4fab-491e-b448-a89cc448e064.pdf"},{"id":62838162,"identity":"b9ea5a7a-f96f-4f41-bc44-9e2bdcfa46f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-20 05:51:20","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":27523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4787526/v1/798d9cc810f4ce1a7c732b4c.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eUrinary calculi, also known as calculi formation in the urinary system, is a common urological disease frequently encountered among individuals at a age of 30 to 55 years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Urinary calculi are frequent in a general population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], which is reported to be with a life-time risk of approximately 10\u0026ndash;15% in industrialized countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Urinary calculi can result in renal colic featured with paroxysmal or long-term serious pain feelings in the upper lumbar or abdomen region. Therefore, the clinical attention focuses on developing methods to improve pain symptoms [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrinary calculi is recurrent and this disease has the ability to influence kidney function, which requires a range of medical and surgical treatments that are able to significantly affect on patients\u0026rsquo; health-related quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The medical management for urinary calculi can be done through surgical intervention to extract stones, by the techniques such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopy and open surgery [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. PCNL, a technique that has been around since 1976, is a main surgery for renal calculi\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2 cm or complicated multiple calculi [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. PCNL is reported to act as the first line treatment method for large renal stones [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Upper urinary tract stones is considered as the most common disorder in urology. PCNL and ureteroscopic lithotripsy are widely utilized treatment techniques for upper urinary tract stones [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Infection is a common complication of PCNL in the treatment of urinary calculi [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. As previously reported, comprehensive nursing mode is capable of effectively reducing the effects of PCNL on T cell subsets and immunoglobulin levels in individuals with renal calculus and relieving damage to renal function and complications, thereby improving nursing satisfaction and promoting postoperative recovery [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, the comprehensive care is effective among patients who undergo minimally invasive PCNL, which can not only keep life sign stable but also minimize complications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Whole-course high-quality nursing is also reported to play a role in the improvements of adverse emotions, quality of life and nursing care satisfaction, and the reduction of negative reactions of patients with liver cancer in the process of radiotherapy [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Considering the above researches, we realize that the impact of whole-course high-quality nursing in urinary calculi as well as its effects on complications are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study focused on ascertaining the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in PCNL for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eEthics statement\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study was ratified by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. All patients and their families were informed about the methods and operation and signed the relevant informed responsibility form before admission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy subjects\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA total of 95 patients with urinary calculi hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2018 to November 2020 were selected, and the patients were treated with PCNL. The selected patients were separated into two groups, of which 50 cases were in the control group and 45 cases were in the observation group. Inclusion criteria: (1) patients whose clinical symptoms conformed to the diagnostic criteria for urinary calculi in the 2013 Guidelines on Urinary calculi; (2) those diagnosed by CT, B-ultrasound, X-ray, and other diagnostic methods; (3) those with informed consent. Exclusion criteria: (1) those combined with systemic infectious diseases; (2) those combined with severe traumatic diseases; (3) those combined with hematopoietic diseases; (4) those with contraindications to surgery such as allergy to anesthetic drugs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eNursing methods\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe patients in the two groups received PCNL at the same time. In the process of treatment, those in the control group received conventional nursing. Before the operation, \u0026ldquo;three inspections and seven verifications\u0026rdquo; were carefully carried out to confirm the patients\u0026rsquo; lesion location. During the operation, the patients\u0026rsquo; vital indicators were monitored, and after the operation, the patients\u0026rsquo; conditions were actively monitored in the process of nursing, and complications were prevented and treated.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe whole-course high-quality nursing measures for those in the observation group were as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e① Pre-operative nursing measures: Before the surgery, cardiopulmonary function, coagulation function, and excretory urography examinations were performed on each patient in the observation group. Patients would have certain bad emotions such as doubts, fears, and anxieties and psychological problems before the surgery, and on the day before the surgery, the nursing staff should communicate with patients to eliminate their bad emotions and psychological problems, and explain the mechanism of PCNL and the procedures of the surgery to the patients and their family members, so that the patients and their families can do a good job of psychological construction and actively cooperate with the treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e② Intra-operative nursing measures: Before the surgery, the physician would communicate with the operating room nurse and the anesthesiologist to ensure the safety of the patient during the surgery. The patient entered the operating room, and then the intravenous channel was first established. The patient\u0026rsquo;s respiration, electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation and other vital signs were closely monitored and recorded, and attention was paid to the patient at any time to see whether the phenomenon of pneumothorax occurred. The nursing staff adjusted the data of the equipment under the guidance of the physician and recorded the data of each equipment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e③Postoperative nursing: After the operation, the patient cannot return to the ward immediately, but should be observed in the operation room for about 1 h. The nursing staff should measure and record the patient\u0026rsquo;s blood pressure, heart rate, and other signs. If the patient had the phenomenon of accelerated respiration, chest tightness, rising blood pressure, the staff should check the fixed position and tightness of the double J-tube and drain in a timely manner, and in case of any danger, timely rescue and treatment should be performed. The patient\u0026rsquo;s wound area was cleaned and disinfected, and after confirming that all vital signs were maintained in the normal range, the staff should push the patient away from the operating room and do a good job of docking. During the postoperative period, the nursing staff ought to closely observe the changes in drainage fluid shape, amount and color, and meantime, the fistula dressing of the nephrostomy tube should be changed in time to keep clean, and the ureter should be kept clean to prevent the occurrence of infection. The utilization of double J tube will stimulate the patient\u0026rsquo;s bladder, and the nursing staff should explain the role of double J tube to the patients and their families in a timely manner, to avoid the patient\u0026rsquo;s bad emotions. And the nursing staff and family members should observe the patient\u0026rsquo;s abdominal condition at any time to prevent the patient\u0026rsquo;s other organs from injury and infection, and the patient should drink more water and avoid strenuous exercise and urine holding after the operation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObservation indicators\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. Treatment efficacy: Apparently effective: disappeared clinical symptoms, vital signs in the normal range, self-care ability; Effective: basically disappeared clinical symptoms, vital signs in the normal range, basic self-care ability, occasional discomfort, but no major obstacles; Ineffective: no improvement or even more serious changes in disease condition after treatment. The sum of apparently effective and effective was the overall effective rate of treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. Recovery time: The bed time, pain relief time and the length of hospital stay of both groups were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. Anxiety and depression: The psychological status of patients in both groups was evaluated by Self-Rating Anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and each scale contained 20 entries, and the higher the scores, the more serious the patient\u0026rsquo;s condition.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. Postoperative pain degree: Prior to operation and 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively, the pain degree was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The patients were provided with a scale bar with 0\u0026ndash;10 scale corresponding to the pain degree of a score of 0\u0026ndash;10 points, with the 0 end of the scale bar corresponding to no pain and the 10 end of the scale bar corresponding to serious pain. The score had a positive correlation with the pain degree.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5. Quality of life: Preoperative and 1-month postoperative quality of life was evaluated by the Generic Quality Of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), which included 4 dimensions of physical life, social function, spirituality, and psychological function, with a total of 74 items, and was scored on 5 Likert scale, with a range of 1\u0026ndash;5 points for a single item. The score had a positive correlation with the patient\u0026rsquo;s quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6. Nursing satisfaction: Total satisfaction = (number of very satisfied\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;number of satisfied)\u0026thinsp;\u0026divide;\u0026thinsp;number of subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7. Complications observation: The cases of bleeding, urine leakage, infection, pleural injury and other complications in the two groups were recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistics\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSPSS20.0 statistical software was applied for data analysis. Numeration data were depicted as [case (%)], and the \u0026chi;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e test or Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test was carried out. Measurement data were depicted as (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\overline{x}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u0026plusmn; s), and t test was implemented. \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 unearthed statistically significant difference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were 31 males and 19 females in the control group, aged 40-52 years old, with a mean age of 45.16 ± 3.31 years old, and they had s disease duration of 3-6 years, averaged 4.24 ± 0.77 years. In terms of education level, there were 33 cases as middle school and below, 15 cases high school, and 2 cases college and above; and they had a stone size of 0.57-2.55 cm, averaged 1.69 ± 0.47 cm. There were 30 cases of men and 15 cases of women in the observation group, aged 39-53 years old and with a mean age of 45.87 ± 3.23 years old, and they possessed a disease duration of 3-6 years, averaged 4.40 ± 0.94 years. In terms of education level, there were 30 cases as middle school and below, 11 cases high school, and 4 cases college and above, and their stone size was 0.55-3.18 cm, averaged 1.73 ± 0.58 cm (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical efficacy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the observation group, there was only 1 patient with no improvement, and the treatment efficiency was as high as 97.78%, while there were 11 patients with no improvement in the control group, and the treatment efficiency was only 78.00% (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecovery time\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe observation group possessed shorter bed time, pain relief time, and hospital stay versus the control group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnxiety and depression\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to nursing, no difference was found in SAS and SDS scores between the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05). SAS and SDS scores were decreased in both groups after nursing, and those scores of the observation group were reduced versus the control group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre- and post-operative pain degree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere presented no difference in the preoperative VAS scores of the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05); VAS scores in the observation group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively were all lower versus those in the control group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuality of life\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo difference was found in preoperative GQOLI-74 scores between the two groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05). The postoperative GQOLI-74 scores of each dimension in the observation group were raised versus those in the control group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNursing satisfaction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 97.78%, and the satisfaction with nursing care in the control group was 82.00%, which revealed that the nursing satisfaction of the control group was reduced versus that of the observation group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComplication incidence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overall complication rate in the control group was 24.00%, which was raised in contrast with that in the observation group of 6.67% (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) (Table 8).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eUrinary calculi is a disease diagnosed by one or more stones presented in the urinary tract [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Patients with stone disorder tend to possess worse physical and mental health-relevant quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. This paper focused on the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in PCNL for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt first, we compared the clinical effects between the two groups, and found that in the observation group where whole-course high-quality nursing was carried out, there was only 1 patient with no improvement, and the treatment efficiency was as high as 97.78%, while in the control group in which routine nursing was performed, there were 11 patients with no improvement, and the treatment efficiency was only 78.00%. A previous study has revealed that perioperative fast-track surgery (FTS) care can shorten get-out-of-bed time and hospital stay [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. In our paper, the whole-course high-quality nursing also achieved the same effects in the recovery time between the two groups. It was found that the observation group possessed shorter bed time, pain relief time, and hospital stay than the control group. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that after whole-course high-quality nursing care, the SDS and SAS scores are lower [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, we found that after nursing, SAS and SDS scores were diminished in both groups, and those scores of the observation group were reduced versus those of the control group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe application of FTS concept in the perioperative nursing of kidney stone disease patients under computed tomography imaging can reduce the patients\u0026rsquo; pain and improve their postoperative quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. In our paper, pre- and post-operative pain degree was assessed by VAS and the VAS scores in the observation group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively were all reduced in contrast with those of the control group. As for quality of life, it was found that the postoperative GQOLI-74 scores in the observation group were higher in contrast with those in the control group. As previously reported, after whole course high-quality nursing, the nursing satisfaction is elevated and the total incidence of adverse reactions is reduced [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. It is also reported that patients who receive high-quality nursing possess higher overall nursing satisfaction scores [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. In our paper, it was found that the nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group was 97.78%, and the nursing care satisfaction of the control group was 82.00%, which revealed that the nursing satisfaction of the control group was reduced versus that of the observation group. Moreover, the total complication rate in the control group was 24.00%, which was elevated versus that in the observation group of 6.67%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn summary, this research demonstrates that during the therapeutic period of PCNL for urinary calculi, the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing is able to effectively diminish postoperative complications, regulate patients\u0026rsquo; adverse psychological status, and have a positive effect on promoting the quality of life, which is worthy of promotion. This research lays a foundation to explore the impact of whole-course high-quality nursing in patients with urinary calculi. Our study is on the basis of limited clinical data, which is the major limitation of our research, and further exploration is necessary to further convince our findings.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was ratified by the Ethics Committee of\u0026nbsp;The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (approval number:20180622). All patients and their families were informed about the methods and operation and signed the relevant informed responsibility form before admission.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author declares no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBinglei Yuan contributed to study design; manuscript editing;\u0026nbsp;experimental studies and\u0026nbsp;data analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank the associate editor and the reviewers for their useful feedback that improved this paper.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi, M.L., et al., \u003cem\u003eRisk assessment and prevention of urolithiasis in urban areas of Baoding, China.\u003c/em\u003e Medicine (Baltimore), 2024. \u003cstrong\u003e103\u003c/strong\u003e(2): p. e35880.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYoung, J.G., \u003cem\u003eUrinary tract stones in cystic fibrosis.\u003c/em\u003e Paediatr Respir Rev, 2018. \u003cstrong\u003e27\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 21-23.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUmbehr, M.H. and M. Muntener, \u003cem\u003e[Urinary stone disease - size isn\u0026apos;t all that matters].\u003c/em\u003e Ther Umsch, 2021. \u003cstrong\u003e78\u003c/strong\u003e(5): p. 215-221.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWu, L.M., et al., \u003cem\u003eWrist-ankle acupuncture combined with pain nursing for the treatment of urinary calculi with acute pain.\u003c/em\u003e World J Clin Cases, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e(18): p. 4287-4294.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaja, A., Z. Hekmati, and H.B. Joshi, \u003cem\u003eHow Do Urinary Calculi Influence Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient Treatment Preference: A Systematic Review.\u003c/em\u003e J Endourol, 2016. \u003cstrong\u003e30\u003c/strong\u003e(7): p. 727-43.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKachkoul, R., et al., \u003cem\u003eUrolithiasis: History, epidemiology, aetiologic factors and management.\u003c/em\u003e Malays J Pathol, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e45\u003c/strong\u003e(3): p. 333-352.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntoniou, V., A. Pietropaolo, and B.K. Somani, \u003cem\u003eLithotripsy devices for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) - new developments.\u003c/em\u003e Curr Opin Urol, 2022. \u003cstrong\u003e32\u003c/strong\u003e(4): p. 405-410.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKnoll, T., et al., \u003cem\u003ePercutaneous nephrolithotomy: technique.\u003c/em\u003e World J Urol, 2017. \u003cstrong\u003e35\u003c/strong\u003e(9): p. 1361-1368.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, Y., et al., \u003cem\u003ePercutaneous nephrolithotomy versus flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones: a meta-analysis comparing clinical efficacy and safety.\u003c/em\u003e BMC Urol, 2020. \u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 109.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhou, G., et al., \u003cem\u003eThe influencing factors of infectious complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\u003c/em\u003e Urolithiasis, 2022. \u003cstrong\u003e51\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. 17.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYu, R., J. Ge, and Y. Lei, \u003cem\u003eEffects of Different Nursing Modes on Immune Function and Renal Function in Patients with Renal Calculus Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.\u003c/em\u003e Arch Esp Urol, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e76\u003c/strong\u003e(9): p. 703-710.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWei, X.L., et al., \u003cem\u003eThe Effect of Comprehensive Care on the Patients Received Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.\u003c/em\u003e Iran J Public Health, 2017. \u003cstrong\u003e46\u003c/strong\u003e(7): p. 923-929.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePang, L., et al., \u003cem\u003eApplication Effects of Whole Course High-Quality Nursing on Patients with Liver Cancer during Radiotherapy.\u003c/em\u003e Iran J Public Health, 2019. \u003cstrong\u003e48\u003c/strong\u003e(10): p. 1777-1785.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, Y. and J. Yang, \u003cem\u003ePerioperative Fast-Track Surgery Nursing Intervention for Patients with Kidney Stone Disease under Computed Tomography Imaging.\u003c/em\u003e Contrast Media Mol Imaging, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e2023\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 1101388.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen, J. and H. Bai, \u003cem\u003eEvaluation of Implementation Effect of Cervical Cancer Comprehensive Treatment Patients With Whole-Course High-Quality Care Combined With Network Continuation Care.\u003c/em\u003e Front Surg, 2022. \u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 838848.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuo, Q. and S. Zheng, \u003cem\u003eEffect of High-Quality Whole-Course Care on Psychological Status and Postoperative Pharyngeal Complications in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Rrenal Failure.\u003c/em\u003e Front Surg, 2022. \u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e: p. 905413.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTables 1 to 8 are available in the Supplementary Files section\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Whole-course high-quality nursing, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Urinary calculi, Postoperative complications, Quality of life, Postoperative pain degree","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787526/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787526/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective: \u003c/strong\u003eThis paper aimed to unravel the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eNinety-five patients with urinary calculi were selected and all received PCNL. The patients were randomly separated into two groups, of which 50 cases were in the control group, received conventional nursing throughout the treatment, and 45 cases were in the observation group, accepted whole-course high-quality nursing on top of the control group. Postoperative recovery time, including bed time, pain relief time, and hospitalization time was compared. The psychological status was measured by Self-Rating Anxiety scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The postoperative pain degree was tested by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively. Quality of life was assessed by the Generic Quality Of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74). Nursing satisfaction, treatment efficacy, and complications were compared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e The observation group possessed shorter bed time, pain relief time, and hospitalization time and reduced SAS and SDS scores after nursing versus the control group.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eVAS scores of patients in the observation group at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively were reduced versus those in the control group. The scores of all dimensions of GQOLI-74 in the observation group were raised relative to the control group. The observation group possessed higher nursing satisfaction and clinical efficacy and reduced complications than the control group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eDuring the treatment period of PCNL for urinary calculi, the implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing effectively reduces postoperative complications, regulates patients’ adverse psychological status, and has a positive effect on improving the quality of life, which has promotion value.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Implementation of whole-course high-quality nursing in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the treatment of urinary calculi and its effects on complications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-20 05:51:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787526/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b61046e0-ea46-42fd-b0c6-cc858140dca0","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 20th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-19T16:53:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-20 05:51:16","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4787526","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4787526","identity":"rs-4787526","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}