Evapotranspiration rates from measured meteorological parameters and quantification of tritium flux at the Kaiga site

Evapotranspiration rates from measured meteorological parameters and quantification of tritium flux at the Kaiga site | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evapotranspiration rates from measured meteorological parameters and quantification of tritium flux at the Kaiga site T K Reji, M S Vishnu, Sanyam Jain, R M Joshi, I V Saradhi, Vandana Pulhani, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721664/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The evapotranspiration(ET) rate at the Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) site, India, was calculated for the year 2023 using four empirical methods: the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith theory, Turc, Makkink, and Priestley-Taylor equations. The resulting annual average ET rates were estimated as 1.45 mm.d⁻¹, 1.89 mm.d⁻¹, 3.2 mm.d⁻¹, and 4.38 mm.d⁻¹ respectively. Tritium released to the atmosphere via the NPP stack mixes with ambient air moisture and subsequently exchanges with water reservoirs in soil and vegetation. The tritium evapotranspiration flux was computed by combining the modeled ET rates with the atmospheric tritium concentration. Across the four models, the annual average tritium evapotranspiration flux in the vicinity of the Kaiga NPP during 2023 ranged from 0.32 to 0.94 mBq.m⁻².s⁻¹. This study successfully generated crucial site-specific ET and tritium flux data, which are necessary input parameters for models predicting the environmental transfer and distribution of tritium. Evapotranspiration. Tritium flux. Tritium monitoring. TFWT Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8721664","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":588162083,"identity":"23e89dbb-7a0e-459d-b621-11aff35c21d4","order_by":0,"name":"T K Reji","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAu0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACHiCWMLABkoyNB4jTAdGSBtLSQIIWBobDYJI4LfY8Zx8+sCg4b7e2/TDQlhqbaMK28LYbG0gY3E7ediYRqOVYWm4DQS38bGwSIC1mB4BaGBsOE6WF/YeEwblks/MPidXC28YGDLEDdmY3iLblzDFmoMOSE8xuAG1JIMYv7D1pjJ8l/tjZm51Pf/jgQ40NYS0gwCzBwJAIVplAjHIQYPwAjB9iFY+CUTAKRsEIBABZQT+SAQn54QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"T","middleName":"K","lastName":"Reji","suffix":""},{"id":588162085,"identity":"d8c0c823-000a-4fa5-97cc-20a89605ded1","order_by":1,"name":"M S Vishnu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M","middleName":"S","lastName":"Vishnu","suffix":""},{"id":588162087,"identity":"0b00f13f-ab0c-44a7-8a32-65677024a437","order_by":2,"name":"Sanyam Jain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sanyam","middleName":"","lastName":"Jain","suffix":""},{"id":588162090,"identity":"504916dd-454a-49b0-a0a2-816946672c3f","order_by":3,"name":"R M Joshi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"R","middleName":"M","lastName":"Joshi","suffix":""},{"id":588162091,"identity":"f332002e-7354-46e2-bc06-14607c3f770b","order_by":4,"name":"I V Saradhi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"I","middleName":"V","lastName":"Saradhi","suffix":""},{"id":588162092,"identity":"26a5dac5-53e5-4e24-9ae9-fb5c89f3a7e7","order_by":5,"name":"Vandana Pulhani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bhabha Atomic Research Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vandana","middleName":"","lastName":"Pulhani","suffix":""},{"id":588162093,"identity":"60f94251-942e-47b6-a080-3d9be810478f","order_by":6,"name":"N Karunakara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mangalore University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"N","middleName":"","lastName":"Karunakara","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-28 13:55:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721664/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721664/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102745652,"identity":"7380e497-d775-4ba6-8b8a-ee08a17e012f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-16 08:53:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":977837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"JRNCTKRejiRevised.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8721664/v1_covered_ec937a1c-339e-415a-b74f-540de760437b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evapotranspiration rates from measured meteorological parameters and quantification of tritium flux at the Kaiga site","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Evapotranspiration. Tritium flux. Tritium monitoring. TFWT","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721664/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721664/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe evapotranspiration(ET) rate at the Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) site, India, was calculated for the year 2023 using four empirical methods: the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith theory, Turc, Makkink, and Priestley-Taylor equations. The resulting annual average \u0026nbsp;ET rates were estimated as 1.45 mm.d⁻¹, 1.89 mm.d⁻¹, 3.2 mm.d⁻¹, and 4.38 mm.d⁻¹ respectively. Tritium released to the atmosphere via the NPP stack mixes with ambient air moisture and subsequently exchanges with water reservoirs in soil and vegetation. The tritium evapotranspiration flux was computed by combining the modeled ET rates with the atmospheric tritium concentration. Across the four models, the annual average tritium evapotranspiration flux in the vicinity of the Kaiga NPP during 2023 ranged from\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e0.32 to 0.94 mBq.m⁻².s⁻¹. This study successfully generated crucial site-specific ET and tritium flux data, which are necessary input parameters for models predicting the environmental transfer and distribution of tritium.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evapotranspiration rates from measured meteorological parameters and quantification of tritium flux at the Kaiga site","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-11 16:33:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8721664/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0bf161a6-5d53-432f-8a10-01e1fb131a0b","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 11th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-04T18:38:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-11 16:33:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8721664","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8721664","identity":"rs-8721664","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}