Assessing Public Transport Accessibility for People with Physical Disabilities in Burgos, Spain: A User-centered Approach to Inclusive Urban Mobility

Accessibility in public transport is essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable urban development, ensuring equitable mobility for all citizens, particularly individuals with physical disabilities or reduced mobility. Globally, over 1.3 billion individuals, including 4.12 million in Spain, live with disabilities. Despite legislative advances, many cities struggle to meet accessibility standards that enable independent and safe use of public transport. This study evaluates the accessibility of 431 bus stops in Burgos, Spain, using a validated, replicable methodology that incorporates on-site observations, critical accessibility assessments, geolocation, and photographic documentation. Findings highlight persistent barriers, including issues with vehicle encroachment prevention, stop locations, bus shelter design, and the availability of accessible formats such as Braille and audio. Overcoming these barriers can significantly enhance urban mobility, reduce environmental impacts, and align with Sustainable Development Goal 11, particularly Target 11.2, which emphasises accessible and sustainable transport systems. This adaptable methodology offers cities worldwide a robust framework to improve public transport accessibility, contributing to global efforts in creating inclusive, resilient, and climate-neutral urban systems.