Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Young People and their Peers to Reduce Substance Use and Inequitable Gender Beliefs in Southern Africa

Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Young People and their Peers to Reduce Substance Use and Inequitable Gender Beliefs in Southern Africa | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Study protocol Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Young People and their Peers to Reduce Substance Use and Inequitable Gender Beliefs in Southern Africa Tara Carney, J. Anitha Menon, Beatrice Chiyokoma, Kudakwashe Madzeke, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8788905/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background and aims : Substance use and the internalization of traditional gender norms,or inequitable gender beliefs, are co-occurring risk behaviors for poorer health and well-being in young people in Southern Africa. Addressing the social and structural factors that reinforce substance use and inequitable gender beliefs, including peer influence and socioeconomic adversity, such as lack of education or employment, is necessary to support sustainable change in these behaviors. However, most existing interventions focus only on changing individual behavior. This study therefore aims to address this limitation by testing the efficacy of an intervention to reduce substance use and promote equitable gender beliefs, delivered to peer groups and embedded within existing vocational training (VT) programs. Design : Two-arm cluster randomized controlled superiority trial with assessments at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up. Setting : Selected VT programs in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Participants: Sixty-six peer groups, comprised of 3 to 6 young people (index case plus 2 to 5 peers) aged 16-24 years old, who use substances together weekly, or binge drink at least monthly, and enrolled in eligible VT programs. Intervention and comparator: Peer groups are randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either: (i) the standard VT program plus Peer Education for Gender Inclusion and Substance Use in Southern Africa (PEGISUS), an 8-session interactive intervention delivered by VT program staff to peer groups or (ii) standard of care (SOC), which is the standard VT program and a referral for substance use services. Measurements: The primary outcome is the between-group (PEGISUS vs. SOC) mean difference in the change in the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test) from baseline to the 12-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes compare the between-group mean difference in (1) other substance use scales on the ASSIST and at other timepoints (i.e., 24-week follow-up); (2) change in gender equitable beliefs using the GEMS (Gender Equitable Men’s Scale) from baseline to the 12-week and 24-week follow-up; and (3) VT program attendance and completion rates, employment status, and income earned at the 24-week follow-up. Comments: This is one of the first known studies in Southern Africa to assess the efficacy of an intervention that addresses substance use and gender equity beliefs among young people and their peers delivered in VT programs. PEGISUS addresses socioeconomic adversity and offers a potential pathway to sustainable delivery by embedding the intervention within existing VT programs. If unhealthy risk behaviors are reduced, and employment opportunities are improved, this can lead to improved well-being in the life trajectories of these young people. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 INTRODUCTION The African continent has the highest proportion of young people in the world, with those under 24 years of age accounting for more than half of the region’s population ( 1 ). Unfortunately, high rates of unemployment, fragile health systems, political instability, and the global climate crisis are formidable, ongoing challenges that pose long-term threats to their health and well-being ( 2 – 5 ). To deal with these challenging realities, substance use is often used as a coping strategy, ( 6 – 8 ) with an estimated 20 to 40% of young people reporting use of at least one psychoactive substance ( 7 , 9 ). Substance use during this developmental stage increases the risk of mortality and morbidity across the lifespan ( 10 – 11 ), including greater risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and other sexual risk ( 12 – 13 ), involvement in traffic accidents, ( 14 ) engaging in intimate partner violence, ( 15 ) later life unemployment, ( 16 , 17 ) and transition to more severe substance use disorders ( 18 ). Intervening early among young people who use substances is essential to improve their life-long health and well-being. In environments with high levels of poverty, including many countries in Southern Africa, substance use has been found to provide short-term reward for young people as there are fewer opportunities for healthy and productive activities that would otherwise provide positive reinforcement and feelings of hopefulness about the future ( 19 – 20 ). Although evidence-based, early interventions for substance use in young people exist ( 21 – 23 ), access to these services remains limited, with an estimated 95% of individuals in need of care not receiving treatment ( 24 ). In addition, most existing interventions focus solely on the young person as an individual, neglecting the broader social and environmental factors that contribute to substance use ( 25 ), with the role of peers in substance use initiation and escalation being particularly salient during this developmental period ( 25 , 26 ). Taken together, there is a substantial comprehensive substance use treatment gap and urgent need for innovative models of care that extend beyond the individual to address complex drivers of substance use in young people more effectively in Southern Africa. Similarly, the internalization of widely held traditional gender norms, which designate men as dominant and place women and other gender identities in subservient roles ( 27 ), begins in early childhood and is reinforced throughout adolescence, shaping expectations around labor, health, and relationships to produce long-lasting, unequal consequences ( 28 ), particularly in poverty-constrained environments. The internalization of these traditional gender norms, which we refer to as inequitable gender beliefs, often co-occur alongside substance use ( 29 , 30 ), and is similarly associated with a host of other risk behaviors and poor health outcomes, including engaging in intimate partner violence ( 15 , 30 – 32 ), risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, HIV ( 33 ), and mental health conditions ( 28 ). Targeting these beliefs alongside substance use in an integrated manner can potentially address certain shared root causes and may lead to improved overall health and well-being for young people. In the face of ongoing structural challenges, educational achievement and employment are linked to fewer health-related risk behaviors and better overall quality of life for young people, ( 34 , 35 ) acting as protective factors in contexts marked by structural health challenges. However, these domains are themselves shaped by structural barriers, resulting in low rates of school completion and persistently high youth unemployment. Countries in Southern Africa have some of the highest unemployment rates globally, with 35% of youth aged 15 to 24 in South Africa not employed or in school ( 36 ). To help address these challenges, vocational training (VT) programs aim to enhance education and employment by providing practical skills training in employable domains. There are a number of studies that show young people who participate in VT programs show higher rates of employment as well as increased earnings or savings ( 37 – 38 ). However, substance use and inequitable gender beliefs can jeopardize the benefits offered by VT programs through increased risk of school dropout and later life unemployment ( 17 , 18 , 39 ), underscoring the need to address these risk factors in young people participating in VT programs. Together, substance use and gender equity beliefs, influenced by structural factors, can directly and indirectly negatively influence the health and well-being of young people. Moreover, during this developmental stage, peers play an important role in reinforcing the adoption of health or risk behaviors for young people, including for substance use and gender equity beliefs ( 13 , 32 , 40 ). Although some interventions addressing substance use or inequitable gender beliefs have involved close others, such as teachers, caregivers, and classmates, those directly targeting peer groups have not yet been tested ( 21 , 23 , 26 , 40 ). Objectives Primary To test the efficacy of PEGISUS ( P eer E ducation for G ender I nclusion and S ubstance U se in S outhern Africa) on the total substance use involvement score, in comparison to standard of care (SOC) at the 12-week follow-up. PEGISUS is an 8-session intervention targeting substance use and gender equity beliefs, delivered to peer groups aged 16 to 24 and embedded into existing VT programs. Secondary To evaluate the efficacy of PEGISUS in comparison to SOC in terms of: Change in other substance use scales and later timepoints (i.e., 24-week follow-up) Change in self-reported gender equity beliefs from baseline to the 12- and 24-week follow-up VT program attendance and completion rates, employment status, and income earned at the 24-week follow-up. We hypothesize that PEGISUS is superior to SOC on the primary and secondary endpoints. METHODS Design and Setting The study is a two-arm cluster randomized superiority trial, implemented in three countries, and corresponds to a Stage III trial testing a behavioral intervention ( 41 ). It takes place within partnering VT programs in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa that serve young people in economically disadvantaged communities, where unemployment is common and substance use, traditional gender norms, and gender-based violence are prevalent. In Zambia, this includes multiple communities located in Chibombo and targeted vulnerable communities in the capital city Lusaka. Zambia has one of the highest rates of frequent alcohol use among young people ( 42 ) and 29% of young people aged 15 to 24 are either unemployed or not in school ( 43 ). In Zimbabwe, the study takes place in the urban communities of Masvingo, which is in the 30th percentile globally for indicators of overall human development, including education, income, and health ( 44 , 45 ). Substance use is a growing public health concern among young people and is linked to poverty, school dropout, violence and suicide, especially in urban areas ( 46 ). Thirty-six percent of young people aged 15 to 24 are neither employed nor in school ( 47 ). In South Africa, the study takes place across multiple economically disadvantaged township communities, in the Cape Town area. There are high levels of poverty, crime, mental health issues, and social instability in the study communities ( 48 ), which are closely linked to high levels of substance use ( 49 , 50 ). Over a third of young people aged 15–24 are neither employed nor in education ( 51 ). Participants Inclusion Criteria for VT Programs VT programs provide essential skills training for employability and entrepreneurship for young people, who may not have completed formal education. These programs must meet the following inclusion criteria to be selected as study partners: ( 1 ) enroll individuals of all genders aged 16–24 years old from economically disadvantaged communities; ( 2 ) do not require participant high school completion; ( 3 ) willing to enroll young people with current substance use; ( 4 ) offer at least two different training program options not restricted by participant gender identity, allowing participants to choose a content domain of interest; ( 5 ) include at least some business skills (e.g., numeracy); ( 6 ) provide a certificate of completion at the end of the program; ( 7 ) willing to embed a brief substance use and gender equity curriculum into the institution’s existing program; and ( 8 ) located in a setting accessible to young people in the communities where recruitment takes place. Inclusion Criteria for Young People Study participants are recruited through index cases who subsequently recruit 2–5 of their peers. Inclusion criteria for participants are as follows: ( 1 ) aged 16–24 years old; ( 2 ) self-reported weekly substance use or at least monthly report of binge drinking with peers over the previous three months; ( 3 ) comfortable communicating in the predominant local language(s) or in English; ( 4 ) live in the target communities served by the VT program and plan to live there until the VT program is complete (up to 12 months); ( 5 ) meet the specific entrance criteria of the VT program and willing to commit to participation for its entire duration; ( 6 ) interested in participating in the PEGISUS intervention and willing to have sessions audio/video-recorded (if peer group is allocated to this arm); and ( 7 ) identify 2 to 5 of their peers with whom they use substances to join the study (only relevant for the index participant). Exclusion Criteria for Young People Participants are excluded if they meet any of the following criteria: ( 1 ) untreated major mental illness that interferes with study participation; ( 2 ) currently receiving psychological treatment for substance use; ( 3 ) enrolled in a VT or other skills development program that site principal investigators (PIs) deem non-compatible with this study; or ( 4 ) unable to provide informed consent/assent. Treatment Groups Standard of Care (SOC) Peer groups randomized to SOC receive the standard VT program offered through the partner organization, which may include existing training that supports uptake of healthy lifestyles (e.g., nutrition, exercise, relationships), and a referral for substance use services. This was selected as the control arm to compare the PEGISUS intervention with existing practices in the real-world context of VT programs. The VT program partner in each country is described below. In Zambia, Build It International is an international development charity that has existed in the country since 2007 and continues to develop effective ways to help reduce unemployment and poverty through VT construction programs, such as bricklaying, carpentry, painting, plastering, and tiling. They enroll up to 250 students per year ( 52 ). In Zimbabwe, Masvingo Polytechnic is a state-owned technical college that offers a variety of potential courses to choose from, including electrical engineering, welding, guidance counselling, motor mechanics, and hotel and catering. Masvingo Polytechnic has the capacity to enroll up to 200 students per year ( 53 ). In South Africa, the VT program is offered through the Sozo Foundation, a nonprofit organization that provides training in six different vocational areas, including nutrition, hairstyling, and coding. They have the capacity to enroll up to 120 students per year ( 54 ). Intervention Peer groups randomized to the PEGISUS intervention participate in the intervention sessions together. PEGISUS is an 8-session manualized intervention and builds on two evidence-based interventions: RAD-PAL for substance use ( 55 ) and Manhood 2.0 for gender equity beliefs ( 56 ). To develop the intervention, we conducted formative work constituting 12 focus group discussions ( n = 97 participants) with young people from the target population, obtained feedback from a local youth advisory board in each country, and conducted a pilot study with 18 peer groups ( n = 57 participants) to evaluate the preliminary acceptability and feasibility of the intervention content and implementation. PEGISUS sessions are conducted by trained interventionists who are staff members within their VT program. Intervention sessions last approximately 1.5 hours and are activity-based. Sessions cover topics related to substance use, gender, and building healthy relationships and support within the peer group. (see Table 1 for an overview of the topics covered in each session). Participants receive a handbook containing important information covered in the sessions, including reflection activities that are completed individually. Intervention sessions are delivered according to the VT program’s own schedule, but peer groups cannot receive more than two sessions per week. Intervention sessions must be delivered before the 12-week assessment, which occurs ≥ 8 to 20 weeks post randomization. Table 1 Outline of PEGISUS Sessions Session Activity Name and Description 1 1.1 Introduction to PEGISUS and Icebreaker 1.2 Values Clarification and Group Name 1.3 Peer Group Strengths 2 2.1 Psychoeducation for Substance Use Activity 2.2 Decisional Balance Activity 2.3 Envision the Future 3 3.1 What is Gender? 3.2 What are Gender Norms? 4 4.1 Understanding Gender Roles 4.2 Stepping Outside of Gender Boxes 5 5.1 Expressing My Emotions 5.2 Substance Use Triggers 5.3 Healthier Alternatives to Substance Use 6 6.1 Problem-Solving Tool 6.2 Problem-Solving to Fight Back Against Gendered Expectations and Substance Use Triggers 7 7.1 Circles of Influence 7.2 Social Network 8 8.1 Brainstorming Goals 8.2 Readiness to Change and Workshop Reflection Table 2. Schedule of Enrolment, Interventions, and Assessments Sample Size The assumed standardized effect size is based on a meta-analysis of brief behavioral interventions for substance use in young people, ( 57 ) which showed motivational interviewing-based interventions were more effective than SOC to reduce substance use, with a standardized net mean difference of -0.5 units (95% CI -1.0 to 0.0). In this study, our primary endpoint measure for substance use is the change in the total substance use involvement score on the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) from baseline to 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the between-group mean difference of the change in the total substance use involvement score from baseline to 12 weeks. We assume a standard deviation of 17 points based on pilot data testing the PEGISUS intervention. Assuming equal standard deviations in both groups (no data available for SOC), this translates into a net mean difference of -8.5 points on the ASSIST total substance use involvement score at the 12-week assessment between the two groups, in favor of the PEGISUS intervention group. Clusters will be recruited with a cluster size of 3 to 6 participants (index case and 2 to 5 peers). We assume no dropout of complete clusters but approximately 20% dropout of individual participants. We assume an average cluster size of 4 participants. The intra-class correlation within peer-groups for the total substance use involvement score from our pilot data was 0.02, but we increased it to 0.08 for a more conservative estimate. With these assumptions (standardized net mean difference = -0.5, ICC = 0.08, average cluster size of 4), a two-sided significance level of 0.05 and a power of 95%, a total of 66 clusters (33 clusters in each arm) would be needed to detect a difference in the total substance use involvement change score on the ASSIST between PEGISUS and SOC. With an average cluster size of 4, this translates to approximately 264 participants in total. We aim for an equal distribution of the 66 clusters among the three countries. Procedure Recruitment and Screening In each setting, young people are recruited from communities viewed as economically-disadvantaged and that are geographically accessible or specifically targeted by the VT programs because of known high levels of risk behaviors, including substance use. Recruitment takes place in a variety of settings, including informal substance use venues, through community organizations that work closely with young people, and general community venues where young people congregate, such as libraries (where free Wi-Fi is accessible). We also directly recruit participants who have applied to the VT program and meet eligibility criteria. Trained study staff complete in-person screening with an identified index participant, who then has up to one week to recruit peers who are screened either in-person or telephonically, depending on their location. Once all identified peers of the index participant have been screened, (index participant plus 2 to 5 peers), those in the peer group who meet eligibility criteria are invited to consent. Informed Consent Eligible peer groups are required to consent to study participation in-person prior to any study activities. Participants 18 years of age or older can provide self-consent. Minor participants aged 16 and 17 years old must be accompanied by a main caregiver (parent or guardian), who provides informed consent before assent is obtained from potential minor participants. Trained staff conduct the informed consent process, either in English or the local language (depending on participant preference). Research staff explain the nature of the study, its purpose, the procedures involved, the expected duration (including the length of the VT program), potential risks and benefits, and any discomfort the study may entail. Each potential participant is informed that study participation is voluntary and that they may withdraw from the study at any time, which will not affect their subsequent services and treatment, including participation in the VT program. Finally, potential participants are told that PEGISUS intervention sessions will be audio-recorded to ascertain correct delivery of the intervention. During the consenting process, participants are given the opportunity to individually ask questions and address any concerns they may have before signing the consent forms. Following this, they are provided with a signed copy containing contact details for any additional questions or concerns that may arise during their involvement in the study. Randomization After consenting and completing the baseline assessment, peer groups are randomized 1:1 to either receive (1) the standard VT program plus the PEGISUS intervention or (2) SOC. The randomization allocation is conducted using REDCap, pre-programmed with the correct concealed allocation by an independent data manager who has no participant contact. Randomization is stratified by country to ensure balance of treatment arms within and across countries. All study staff members who work directly with participants, including study investigators, are blinded to the randomization sequence. Randomization takes place following the completion of baseline assessments by eligible peer groups. The data manager enters the peer group ID number into REDCap and clicks “randomize” to reveal the group’s set allocation. The randomization results for each peer group are communicated to the site coordinators in each country, who in turn communicate the results to the VT program interventionists as well as directly to participants within each peer group (see Figure 1 for randomization timeline). Blinding of participants and interventionists is not possible due to the intervention and the study design, as is the case with most behavioral interventions. Measures Primary Outcome The primary endpoint is the change in self-reported substance use from baseline to the 12-week follow-up using the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST (58). The ASSIST is a validated, 8-item tool with recognizable cutoffs for low-, moderate-, and high-risk use over the past 3 months across ten substances (alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, cocaine, amphetamines, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and any other drugs). There is a comparable “youth” version (ASSIST-Y) for young people aged 16-17 years, with minor modifications to questions and differing risk level cutoff scores, based on participant age and substance used (59). The total substance use involvement score sums together the scores across all substances, excluding tobacco. Higher scores on the measure indicate more severe substance use and associated problems. Secondary Outcomes We have two additional secondary endpoints related to substance use: (1) change in the total substance use involvement score from baseline to the 24-week follow-up and (2) change in specific substance use scores on the ASSIST from baseline to the 12-week and 24-week follow-up. We also evaluate change in self-reported gender equity beliefs using the 23-item Gender Equitable Men’s Scale (GEMS) from baseline to the two different follow-up timepoints. GEMS is a widely-used measure originally developed for young men (60), but has subsequently been tested with samples of adolescent girls and young women (61). Items are scored on a 3-point Likert scale, with higher scores representing more equitable beliefs. Finally, we have four additional secondary endpoints related to VT program engagement and subsequent employment, measured at the 24-week follow-up. Specifically, we measure (1) the number of months that participants attended the VT program; (2) whether they completed the program (yes/no); (3) subsequent employment status; and (4) income earned. This information will be obtained from VT records (if available) and supplemented by self-report. See Table 2 for the SPIRIT schedule of study activities and outcome measures. Participant Timeline Screening, consenting, baseline assessments, and study intervention allocation take place in relation to each VT program’s enrollment dates. Screening, consenting, and baseline assessments of participants must occur over a 3-week period, which begins approximately 4 weeks before the VT program commences. Study staff can conduct pre-screening prior to this window to identify potentially eligible peer groups; but must re-screen these peer groups within the window to ensure current eligibility. One week before the VT program begins, baseline assessment data completion is checked, peer groups are randomized, and treatment arm allocation is communicated. Follow-up assessments are conducted at approximately 12-weeks (range ≥8 weeks to 20 weeks) and 24-weeks (range >20 weeks to 32 weeks) post-randomization. (see Figure 2 a visual representation of the study procedures). Intervention Delivery Interventionists are employees at the VT program partner and hold various positions within the organization, including wellness and skill trainers and student coordinators. Each site has between 2 to 5 trained interventionists, selected on the following criteria: previous experience with facilitating groups, working with young people, employed at the VT program for at least six months, and planned future employment for the next year. Interventionists are trained in good clinical practice and receive in-person and online training that covers topics pertinent to the PEGISUS intervention, including substance use psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, understanding the difference between gender and sex, as well as specific content for each of the intervention sessions. An initial 5-day training was conducted to prepare for the pilot test phase of the intervention. Feedback from the pilot study (audio recorded fidelity checks and interventionist feedback) informed a subsequent 2-day online training on topics related to general facilitation skills, gender, handling distressed participants, and bringing the intervention to a close. This training included both didactics and role play practice. New interventionists joining the team during the study are required to watch recordings of the initial and follow-up training sessions. All PEGISUS intervention sessions are audio-recorded, and interventionists receive two levels of supervision and technical support. First, interventionists in each country receive regular technical group support delivered by a trained member of the research team. It lasts approximately one hour and covers fidelity feedback on audio-recorded sessions, implementation issues (such as group engagement, time management, specific content questions), and referrals for participants who need additional clinical services. A fidelity checklist has been developed for each session based on the intervention manual. Each component or step of the intervention is rated on a 3-point scale: 0 (did not complete the outlined criteria), 1 (satisfied only some of the outlined criteria), or 2 (satisfied all outlined criteria). Moreover, each site has designated referral pathways to local clinicians who have agreed to consult on study cases. Secondly, interventionists receive regular supervision from a clinically-trained member of the study team, following guidelines for supervising non-specialist providers (62). This includes review of intervention skills, challenges in implementation, and provision of emotional support for providers to prevent burnout. Data Collection and Management Study assessments at baseline and follow-up timepoints follow similar procedures. Trained research assistants from the local community first establish rapport with study participants to foster trust and then conduct interview-led data collection to obtain the most accurate data possible. Standardized questionnaires are programmed into REDCap, an electronic data collection and management software, which allows for direct data entry and real-time error checking (63). Study research assistants who conduct follow-up assessments are blinded to the intervention arm, if possible. Other study team members and participants are not blinded. Data Analysis Primary and secondary analyses follow the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines (64) and modified intention-to-treat principles (available participant data analyzed according to their randomization condition, regardless of whether assigned treatment is completed). Clusters of any size (after potential dropouts) will be included. Baseline characteristics will be described by study arm using summary statistics; no formal testing between arms will be performed. The primary outcome, which is the between-group mean difference of the change in the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST from baseline to the 12-week follow-up, will be analyzed combining data from all three countries. It will be estimated using a linear mixed-effects model with cluster-specific random effects, adjusting for the baseline total substance use involvement ASSIST score, as well as for covariates sex and age. If model assumptions are violated, we will choose a more appropriate error distribution. The superiority of PEGISUS will be demonstrated if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between the groups is larger than 0. The primary analysis and all secondary analyses will be performed using complete-case analysis, as the follow-up score(s) are necessary to calculate each participant’s change score. However, we plan to conduct a sensitivity analysis for the primary analysis in case more than 15 endpoints are missing (approx. 5% of the planned number of participants), where we will use multiple imputation methods to impute missing primary endpoints at 12-week follow-up. As a secondary exploratory analysis, we will subsequently evaluate whether there are differences in the intervention effect between the three countries by adding an interaction to the model between intervention and country. The interaction test will be carefully interpreted, as these tests are usually underpowered (65). If the interaction is significant, a subgroup analysis for each country will be performed the same way as the primary analysis to provide the estimated intervention effect for each country. The secondary endpoints will follow a similar analytic plan and will compare the between-group mean difference of the change in: (1) substance use from baseline to the 24-week follow-up using the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST, (2) substance-specific versions of the ASSIST (e.g., score on alcohol use, cannabis use, etc.) from baseline to the 12-week and 24 week follow-up, and (3) gender equitable beliefs using the GEMS from baseline to both follow-up timepoints. At the 24-week assessment, we will also compare between-group mean differences in the VT program attendance and completion rates, employment status, and income earned. A detailed statistical analysis plan will be finalized, dated, and signed prior to the completion of study follow-up assessments. Missing baseline and outcome data will be summarized by study arm. Our team’s previous clinical trials with similar populations show low rates of attrition (<10%), based on rapport built with participants and communication with participants (55, 66). For the current study, we do not expect full clusters to drop out, as individual participants are able to continue participating in all study activities, even if all other peer group members drop out. Individual participants who drop out, miss a study assessment, or are lost to follow-up will not be replaced by new participants. This has been accounted for in the sample size estimate by the assumed average cluster size. Data Safety and Monitoring Plan Each study participant is assigned a unique participant identification number per country, which is the only link between study-related data and identifying information collected. Any personally identifying information (e.g., participant names, telephone numbers) are stored locally in each country and only accessible to authorized study team members. Data collected through REDCap is hosted by the Department of Clinical Research at the University Hospital Basel, in Switzerland. All researchers on the project have access to the database via personalized login information, with data rights capabilities set according to the role of each research team member. The Swiss team will be responsible for data management (e.g., data checking, quality assessment) and will liaise with each country team weekly to ensure all data queries or data quality issues are addressed in a timely manner. All staff members undergo comprehensive training on the study’s standard operating procedures. Adverse events All serious adverse events (SAEs) are documented and reported immediately (within a maximum of 24 hours) to the Site PIs in each country and Sponsor-Investigator of the study. The Site PI evaluates the severity of the SAE according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grading system (67) and makes a causality assessment of the event in relation to the study intervention according to the standards set by the International Conference on Harmonisation, topic E2A (68). The Sponsor-Investigator reviews the severity and causality statements assigned by each Site PI. If an SAE is “possibly,” “probably,” or “definitely” related to the study, the Site PI reports the event(s) to the local Ethics Committee within 48 hours. Participants who complete study activities with reported ongoing SAEs that are “possibly,” “probably,” or “definitely” related to the study intervention will be followed up until resolution or stabilization of the SAE, for up to 6 months post-study termination. Ethical Considerations This study has been approved by the following health research ethics committees: Zambian National Health Research Authority and University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (4988-2024), Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (A/3076), and South African Medical Research Council (EC042-11/2023). The study was reviewed by the Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz in Switzerland, who confirmed that the study met the ethical and scientific standards for human subjects research, but operates outside of the jurisdiction of the ethics board (AO_2023-00095). Substantial changes that are made to the study setup and study organization, the protocol, or other relevant study documents are submitted to local ethics committees in each country for approval before implementation. There are several important areas of ethical consideration for the study, given the focal topics of substance use and gender equity among young people in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. During study participation, participants are offered necessary referrals for mental health, substance use, or other health-related services. Since the study population includes members of a vulnerable population (i.e., minors under the age of 18, possible use of illegal substances), it is critical to protect these participants by ensuring that the appropriate parental consent is obtained before the assent process. Due to the sensitive nature of this study, we are aware that disclosing minor’s substance use could increase harm, and result in conflict or violence in the family. Therefore, the parental consent form describes the importance of addressing substance use risk among young people in general and does not explicitly state that young people are selected based on a substance use threshold. Secondly, if any participant under 18 reports being abused, this needs to be reported to appropriate authorities alongside other reportable harms. All staff are trained on the procedures involved in how to assess the situation and take necessary steps to ensure participant safety. Moreover, since the PEGISUS intervention is delivered to peer groups, additional ethical considerations need to be taken into account. It is important that study participation is voluntary and that participants are not coerced by their peers to take part. Screening for the study takes place separately for individuals within peer groups, so that study staff can ascertain whether each individual is genuinely interested in the study. Peer groups randomized to the PEGISUS intervention arm may receive the intervention with other peer groups. When bringing together individuals of different backgrounds in a group setting and asking them to take part in activities related to substance use and gender beliefs, disagreements or conflicts may arise. To minimize this risk, group ground rules are set and interventionists receive group facilitation training and ongoing supervision. Ethical considerations were carefully guided by the legal and sociocultural sensitivities surrounding sexual and gender minority identities in Zambia and Zimbabwe. The penal code in these countries still criminalizes sexual acts between those of the same sex and does not recognize transgender and gender-fluid gender identities. As such, participants are not asked to disclose these identities or any related information. Interventionists received training to navigate such topics with cultural sensitivity, prioritizing participant safety and dignity while adhering to local legal frameworks. Dissemination Plan The study findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations, as well as shared at relevant stakeholder meetings within each study country and internationally. All investigators and collaborators listed on the research protocol will have the opportunity to contribute to the publication of results. To facilitate capacity building and foster academic careers in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, the study team commits to encourage and support publications by collaborators from these countries by providing mentorship and instrumental support (e.g., protected writing time). In addition to academic outputs, our team is committed to disseminating the findings to local stakeholders in each country to share evidence and foster dialogue. This includes non-governmental organizations, Ministries of Health, and community leaders. We will also disseminate the findings directly back to the young people who were part of the study; strategies to do this are guided by the youth advisory boards in each country. DISCUSSION Young people in Southern Africa face numerous challenges, including high rates of unemployment, health systems under pressure, political instability, and increasing evidence of the global climate crisis that affects their health and well-being (2, 4-6). Substance use is a common coping strategy for many young people (7–9), but few interventions address the broader social environment that reinforces substance use and other risk behaviors (22). This paper describes the study protocol for an intervention to reduce substance use and increase gender equitable beliefs, delivered to young people and their peer groups within VT programs in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Findings from the study will add to the evidence base on novel intervention approaches to reduce substance use and address co-occurring risk behaviors for young people. One of the ongoing challenges in the global field of substance use is the large treatment gap, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, which is partially due to low awareness in recognizing unhealthy substance use (24). From a public health perspective, alternative models of care are needed to make adequate inroads to reducing this chasm. The PEGISUS intervention, embedded within existing VT programs and delivered by VT program staff, offers an opportunity for young people to identify their own unhealthy substance use and a path to scaling the intervention, should it be effective. Our approach fits with a recent scoping review of community-based interventions for adolescent and adult mental health and substance use problems in Africa, which concluded that interventions delivered outside of healthcare facilities were generally acceptable, feasible, and possibly effective (69). Substance use interventions for young people in Africa are most often school-based, but extant evidence suggests such interventions do not always lead to behavior change among those who already use substances, possibly because they universally target all learners (22). In contrast, the PEGISUS intervention targets young people who already demonstrate at-risk substance use behaviors and includes young people who are not enrolled in traditional education programs or formally employed, which are a vulnerable population. This trial has strengths and limitations that should be considered. Study strengths include the use of a cluster randomized design with real-life peer groups and embedding the intervention into VT programs, offering an avenue for future scale up and possible sustainability. In addition, implementing the study across three Southern African countries enables the collection of evidence on the intervention’s effectiveness in diverse yet comparable contexts, facilitating a more rapid identification of the conditions under which the intervention is most effective. Finally, the intervention simultaneously addresses two mutually reinforcing risk behaviors, substance use and inequitable gender beliefs, which may negatively influence the health and well-being of young people. However, study limitations include the fact that the secondary analysis of intervention effectiveness within country is exploratory and is therefore likely to be underpowered and the final follow-up assessment window is only 6 months, meaning that it is not possible to evaluate longer-term impacts. This is particularly relevant for employment status, as job acquisition and continued employment may fall outside this time window for most participants. Conclusions Overall, this study uses a rigorous, cluster randomized trial design to evaluate the PEGISUS intervention to address substance use and inequitable gender beliefs among young people aged 16 to 24 and their peers within existing VT programs. The intervention, developed with feedback from young people themselves, seeks to address at-risk young people living in disadvantaged communities in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Innovation in the study includes targeting real-world peer groups and embedding the intervention into existing VT programs. Taken together, this study seeks to address key behaviors during a period of vulnerability by helping young people develop healthy coping skills beyond substance use, adoption of equitable gender beliefs, and improved employment opportunities, which may lead to improved well-being throughout this developmental phase and in the life trajectories of these young people. Declarations Acknowledgements This study is funded by the Solution-oriented Research for Development (SOR4D) Programme, which is a joint funding initiative of the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (Grant #400440_213259; MPI: Belus, Menon). JMB’s time was funded through the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant # PZ00P1_201690, PI: Belus). The funders have no role in trial design, study implementation, or publication of findings. The study design, collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the report for publication are the sole decision of the authors. Author’s contributions Conceptualization: T.C, J.B. Funding Acquisition: J.B., A.M., T.C., K.M., L.R. Methodology: T.C., A.M., L.H., J.B. Project Administration: B.C., K.J., M.B., S.H Writing – original draft: T.C., J.B., A.B., L.H., B.C. Writing – editing and revising: T.C., A.M., K.M., B.C., G.S., K.J., M.B., A.B., S.H., L.H., J.B., L.R. Competing interests none Data availability of data statement A de-identified dataset used for the analysis of the outcomes described within this paper will be made available alongside the published main outcomes paper. Trial sponsor Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Totengässlein 3, 4051 Basel, Switzerland, Contact: +41612652525 Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Trials identifier: NCT06489899. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8788905","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Study protocol","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":597082128,"identity":"d5d69579-033a-45e7-ac2c-cc30946c0ad3","order_by":0,"name":"Tara Carney","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA60lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJADxgdEKeNBYjMbkKyFTYIoLfbsZx9+YKixyzdn7zGrurnHjoG//QDzhx/4bOFJN5ZgOJZsubPnjNntnGfJDBJnEhgMe/A6LI1BgrGB2cDgRg5Qy4EDDAw3GBgSePBp4X/G/IOxod7A4P4bs2KQFnmgloN/8GmRSGMD2nIYaAuPGTNIi8ENBsZmvLbceMZmkXDsuIHBmbRi6ZwDyTyGZxKbmWXwaGHvT2O+8aGm2sDg+OGNn3MO2MnJHT98+OMbPFrAIAFMcoBjEugkxgZCGuAWPiBW5SgYBaNgFIwwAADP3EYSmVmxFAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"South African Medical Research Council","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tara","middleName":"","lastName":"Carney","suffix":""},{"id":597082129,"identity":"23d44ca8-9611-4072-852d-78b84e66404b","order_by":1,"name":"J. Anitha Menon","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Curtin University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"J.","middleName":"Anitha","lastName":"Menon","suffix":""},{"id":597082130,"identity":"24788940-4233-4682-8a7d-4a0a9abbd151","order_by":2,"name":"Beatrice Chiyokoma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SolidarMed","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Beatrice","middleName":"","lastName":"Chiyokoma","suffix":""},{"id":597082131,"identity":"86b781dd-2f34-4ffa-b1bb-c498ecbca483","order_by":3,"name":"Kudakwashe Madzeke","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SolidarMed","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kudakwashe","middleName":"","lastName":"Madzeke","suffix":""},{"id":597082132,"identity":"18d63a53-0ceb-41a4-8096-2543c25051fe","order_by":4,"name":"Giuliana Sanchez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital of Basel","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Giuliana","middleName":"","lastName":"Sanchez","suffix":""},{"id":597082133,"identity":"28f6a847-4cae-472d-85a7-3f0fe6a4e45b","order_by":5,"name":"Kim Johnson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"South African Medical Research Council","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kim","middleName":"","lastName":"Johnson","suffix":""},{"id":597082134,"identity":"ff30f408-cf9c-4edb-b407-e6092a81f397","order_by":6,"name":"Mathias Basera","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SolidarMed","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mathias","middleName":"","lastName":"Basera","suffix":""},{"id":597082135,"identity":"af71608a-5032-4ebe-a073-b8c20db6fbfd","order_by":7,"name":"Aline Berweger","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital of Basel","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aline","middleName":"","lastName":"Berweger","suffix":""},{"id":597082136,"identity":"f4d89596-a974-4dad-b5c9-8bf97a4508ab","order_by":8,"name":"Laura Ruckstuhl","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SolidarMed","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Laura","middleName":"","lastName":"Ruckstuhl","suffix":""},{"id":597082137,"identity":"4b8a5cd5-f14b-4f05-bd51-247565b1153d","order_by":9,"name":"Sina Hansen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital of Basel","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sina","middleName":"","lastName":"Hansen","suffix":""},{"id":597082138,"identity":"a0b41d01-b9e1-47f6-b928-8ac327fef1d2","order_by":10,"name":"Lisa Hofer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Hospital of Basel","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lisa","middleName":"","lastName":"Hofer","suffix":""},{"id":597082139,"identity":"4bc6d2a7-0e3d-4a45-bf21-031689c395a0","order_by":11,"name":"Jennifer M. Belus","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Zurich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jennifer","middleName":"M.","lastName":"Belus","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-04 16:41:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8788905/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8788905/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104167426,"identity":"aca2ea33-8782-403a-8e42-93c841016587","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-08 14:24:28","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":84483,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTimeline of study events.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8788905/v1/c5db4df69123a6a4623bc44c.jpg"},{"id":104167392,"identity":"619c3fea-7756-4f77-9f5b-fb82148a632f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-08 14:24:17","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":291011,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlow chart of the study\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8788905/v1/e4572bd9a9c82c5276f10dba.jpg"},{"id":104167593,"identity":"91bddfe4-b8bb-48e8-8c4d-f4ac9096fe14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-08 14:24:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1206057,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8788905/v1/2c99d303-eb5d-4b2d-b77d-d20214043088.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Young People and their Peers to Reduce Substance Use and Inequitable Gender Beliefs in Southern Africa","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe African continent has the highest proportion of young people in the world, with those under 24 years of age accounting for more than half of the region\u0026rsquo;s population (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Unfortunately, high rates of unemployment, fragile health systems, political instability, and the global climate crisis are formidable, ongoing challenges that pose long-term threats to their health and well-being (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). To deal with these challenging realities, substance use is often used as a coping strategy, (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR7\" citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e) with an estimated 20 to 40% of young people reporting use of at least one psychoactive substance (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Substance use during this developmental stage increases the risk of mortality and morbidity across the lifespan (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e), including greater risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and other sexual risk (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e), involvement in traffic accidents, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e) engaging in intimate partner violence, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e) later life unemployment, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e) and transition to more severe substance use disorders (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). Intervening early among young people who use substances is essential to improve their life-long health and well-being.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn environments with high levels of poverty, including many countries in Southern Africa, substance use has been found to provide short-term reward for young people as there are fewer opportunities for healthy and productive activities that would otherwise provide positive reinforcement and feelings of hopefulness about the future (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e). Although evidence-based, early interventions for substance use in young people exist (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR22\" citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e), access to these services remains limited, with an estimated 95% of individuals in need of care not receiving treatment (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, most existing interventions focus solely on the young person as an individual, neglecting the broader social and environmental factors that contribute to substance use (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e), with the role of peers in substance use initiation and escalation being particularly salient during this developmental period (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Taken together, there is a substantial comprehensive substance use treatment gap and urgent need for innovative models of care that extend beyond the individual to address complex drivers of substance use in young people more effectively in Southern Africa.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, the internalization of widely held traditional gender norms, which designate men as dominant and place women and other gender identities in subservient roles (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e), begins in early childhood and is reinforced throughout adolescence, shaping expectations around labor, health, and relationships to produce long-lasting, unequal consequences (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e), particularly in poverty-constrained environments. The internalization of these traditional gender norms, which we refer to as inequitable gender beliefs, often co-occur alongside substance use (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e), and is similarly associated with a host of other risk behaviors and poor health outcomes, including engaging in intimate partner violence (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR31\" citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e), risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, HIV (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e), and mental health conditions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). Targeting these beliefs alongside substance use in an integrated manner can potentially address certain shared root causes and may lead to improved overall health and well-being for young people.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the face of ongoing structural challenges, educational achievement and employment are linked to fewer health-related risk behaviors and better overall quality of life for young people, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e) acting as protective factors in contexts marked by structural health challenges. However, these domains are themselves shaped by structural barriers, resulting in low rates of school completion and persistently high youth unemployment. Countries in Southern Africa have some of the highest unemployment rates globally, with 35% of youth aged 15 to 24 in South Africa not employed or in school (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo help address these challenges, vocational training (VT) programs aim to enhance education and employment by providing practical skills training in employable domains. There are a number of studies that show young people who participate in VT programs show higher rates of employment as well as increased earnings or savings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e). However, substance use and inequitable gender beliefs can jeopardize the benefits offered by VT programs through increased risk of school dropout and later life unemployment (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e), underscoring the need to address these risk factors in young people participating in VT programs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTogether, substance use and gender equity beliefs, influenced by structural factors, can directly and indirectly negatively influence the health and well-being of young people. Moreover, during this developmental stage, peers play an important role in reinforcing the adoption of health or risk behaviors for young people, including for substance use and gender equity beliefs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e). Although some interventions addressing substance use or inequitable gender beliefs have involved close others, such as teachers, caregivers, and classmates, those directly targeting peer groups have not yet been tested (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eObjectives\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo test the efficacy of PEGISUS (\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003eeer \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eE\u003c/span\u003education for \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eG\u003c/span\u003eender \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eI\u003c/span\u003enclusion and \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eS\u003c/span\u003eubstance \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eU\u003c/span\u003ese in \u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eS\u003c/span\u003eouthern Africa) on the total substance use involvement score, in comparison to standard of care (SOC) at the 12-week follow-up. PEGISUS is an 8-session intervention targeting substance use and gender equity beliefs, delivered to peer groups aged 16 to 24 and embedded into existing VT programs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo evaluate the efficacy of PEGISUS in comparison to SOC in terms of:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange in other substance use scales and later timepoints (i.e., 24-week follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange in self-reported gender equity beliefs from baseline to the 12- and 24-week follow-up\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eVT program attendance and completion rates, employment status, and income earned at the 24-week follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe hypothesize that PEGISUS is superior to SOC on the primary and secondary endpoints.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"METHODS","content":" \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDesign and Setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study is a two-arm cluster randomized superiority trial, implemented in three countries, and corresponds to a Stage III trial testing a behavioral intervention (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e). It takes place within partnering VT programs in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa that serve young people in economically disadvantaged communities, where unemployment is common and substance use, traditional gender norms, and gender-based violence are prevalent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Zambia, this includes multiple communities located in Chibombo and targeted vulnerable communities in the capital city Lusaka. Zambia has one of the highest rates of frequent alcohol use among young people (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e) and 29% of young people aged 15 to 24 are either unemployed or not in school (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Zimbabwe, the study takes place in the urban communities of Masvingo, which is in the 30th percentile globally for indicators of overall human development, including education, income, and health (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e). Substance use is a growing public health concern among young people and is linked to poverty, school dropout, violence and suicide, especially in urban areas (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e). Thirty-six percent of young people aged 15 to 24 are neither employed nor in school (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn South Africa, the study takes place across multiple economically disadvantaged township communities, in the Cape Town area. There are high levels of poverty, crime, mental health issues, and social instability in the study communities (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e), which are closely linked to high levels of substance use (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e). Over a third of young people aged 15\u0026ndash;24 are neither employed nor in education (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eParticipants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusion Criteria for VT Programs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVT programs provide essential skills training for employability and entrepreneurship for young people, who may not have completed formal education. These programs must meet the following inclusion criteria to be selected as study partners: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) enroll individuals of all genders aged 16\u0026ndash;24 years old from economically disadvantaged communities; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) do not require participant high school completion; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) willing to enroll young people with current substance use; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) offer at least two different training program options not restricted by participant gender identity, allowing participants to choose a content domain of interest; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) include at least some business skills (e.g., numeracy); (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) provide a certificate of completion at the end of the program; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) willing to embed a brief substance use and gender equity curriculum into the institution\u0026rsquo;s existing program; and (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e) located in a setting accessible to young people in the communities where recruitment takes place.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInclusion Criteria for Young People\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy participants are recruited through index cases who subsequently recruit 2\u0026ndash;5 of their peers. Inclusion criteria for participants are as follows: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) aged 16\u0026ndash;24 years old; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) self-reported weekly substance use or at least monthly report of binge drinking with peers over the previous three months; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) comfortable communicating in the predominant local language(s) or in English; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) live in the target communities served by the VT program and plan to live there until the VT program is complete (up to 12 months); (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) meet the specific entrance criteria of the VT program and willing to commit to participation for its entire duration; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) interested in participating in the PEGISUS intervention and willing to have sessions audio/video-recorded (if peer group is allocated to this arm); and (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) identify 2 to 5 of their peers with whom they use substances to join the study (only relevant for the index participant).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExclusion Criteria for Young People\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants are excluded if they meet any of the following criteria: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) untreated major mental illness that interferes with study participation; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) currently receiving psychological treatment for substance use; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) enrolled in a VT or other skills development program that site principal investigators (PIs) deem non-compatible with this study; or (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) unable to provide informed consent/assent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTreatment Groups\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard of Care (SOC)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer groups randomized to SOC receive the standard VT program offered through the partner organization, which may include existing training that supports uptake of healthy lifestyles (e.g., nutrition, exercise, relationships), and a referral for substance use services. This was selected as the control arm to compare the PEGISUS intervention with existing practices in the real-world context of VT programs. The VT program partner in each country is described below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Zambia, Build It International is an international development charity that has existed in the country since 2007 and continues to develop effective ways to help reduce unemployment and poverty through VT construction programs, such as bricklaying, carpentry, painting, plastering, and tiling. They enroll up to 250 students per year (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e). In Zimbabwe, Masvingo Polytechnic is a state-owned technical college that offers a variety of potential courses to choose from, including electrical engineering, welding, guidance counselling, motor mechanics, and hotel and catering. Masvingo Polytechnic has the capacity to enroll up to 200 students per year (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e). In South Africa, the VT program is offered through the Sozo Foundation, a nonprofit organization that provides training in six different vocational areas, including nutrition, hairstyling, and coding. They have the capacity to enroll up to 120 students per year (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer groups randomized to the PEGISUS intervention participate in the intervention sessions together. PEGISUS is an 8-session manualized intervention and builds on two evidence-based interventions: RAD-PAL for substance use (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e) and Manhood 2.0 for gender equity beliefs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e). To develop the intervention, we conducted formative work constituting 12 focus group discussions (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;97 participants) with young people from the target population, obtained feedback from a local youth advisory board in each country, and conducted a pilot study with 18 peer groups (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;57 participants) to evaluate the preliminary acceptability and feasibility of the intervention content and implementation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePEGISUS sessions are conducted by trained interventionists who are staff members within their VT program. Intervention sessions last approximately 1.5 hours and are activity-based. Sessions cover topics related to substance use, gender, and building healthy relationships and support within the peer group. (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e for an overview of the topics covered in each session). Participants receive a handbook containing important information covered in the sessions, including reflection activities that are completed individually. Intervention sessions are delivered according to the VT program\u0026rsquo;s own schedule, but peer groups cannot receive more than two sessions per week. Intervention sessions must be delivered before the 12-week assessment, which occurs\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;8 to 20 weeks post randomization.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOutline of PEGISUS Sessions\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSession\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivity Name and Description\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction to PEGISUS and Icebreaker\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Values Clarification and Group Name\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Peer Group Strengths\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Psychoeducation for Substance Use Activity\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Decisional Balance Activity\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Envision the Future\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 What is Gender?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 What are Gender Norms?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Understanding Gender Roles\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Stepping Outside of Gender Boxes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Expressing My Emotions\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Substance Use Triggers\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Healthier Alternatives to Substance Use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Problem-Solving Tool\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Problem-Solving to Fight Back Against Gendered Expectations and Substance Use Triggers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Circles of Influence\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Social Network\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Brainstorming Goals\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Readiness to Change and Workshop Reflection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable 2. Schedule of Enrolment, Interventions, and Assessments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"724\" height=\"631\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample Size\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe assumed standardized effect size is based on a meta-analysis of brief behavioral interventions for substance use in young people, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e) which showed motivational interviewing-based interventions were more effective than SOC to reduce substance use, with a standardized net mean difference of -0.5 units (95% CI -1.0 to 0.0). In this study, our primary endpoint measure for substance use is the change in the total substance use involvement score on the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) from baseline to 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the between-group mean difference of the change in the total substance use involvement score from baseline to 12 weeks. We assume a standard deviation of 17 points based on pilot data testing the PEGISUS intervention. Assuming equal standard deviations in both groups (no data available for SOC), this translates into a net mean difference of -8.5 points on the ASSIST total substance use involvement score at the 12-week assessment between the two groups, in favor of the PEGISUS intervention group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClusters will be recruited with a cluster size of 3 to 6 participants (index case and 2 to 5 peers). We assume no dropout of complete clusters but approximately 20% dropout of individual participants. We assume an average cluster size of 4 participants. The intra-class correlation within peer-groups for the total substance use involvement score from our pilot data was 0.02, but we increased it to 0.08 for a more conservative estimate. With these assumptions (standardized net mean difference = -0.5, ICC\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.08, average cluster size of 4), a two-sided significance level of 0.05 and a power of 95%, a total of 66 clusters (33 clusters in each arm) would be needed to detect a difference in the total substance use involvement change score on the ASSIST between PEGISUS and SOC. With an average cluster size of 4, this translates to approximately 264 participants in total. We aim for an equal distribution of the 66 clusters among the three countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eProcedure\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecruitment and Screening\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn each setting, young people are recruited from communities viewed as economically-disadvantaged and that are geographically accessible or specifically targeted by the VT programs because of known high levels of risk behaviors, including substance use. Recruitment takes place in a variety of settings, including informal substance use venues, through community organizations that work closely with young people, and general community venues where young people congregate, such as libraries (where free Wi-Fi is accessible). We also directly recruit participants who have applied to the VT program and meet eligibility criteria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrained study staff complete in-person screening with an identified index participant, who then has up to one week to recruit peers who are screened either in-person or telephonically, depending on their location. Once all identified peers of the index participant have been screened, (index participant plus 2 to 5 peers), those in the peer group who meet eligibility criteria are invited to consent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed Consent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEligible peer groups are required to consent to study participation in-person prior to any study activities.\u0026nbsp;Participants 18 years of age or older can provide self-consent. Minor participants aged 16 and 17 years old\u0026nbsp;must be accompanied by a main caregiver (parent or guardian), who provides informed consent before assent is obtained from potential minor participants.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTrained staff conduct the informed consent process, either in English or the local language (depending on participant preference). Research staff explain the nature of the study, its purpose, the procedures involved, the expected duration (including the length of the VT program), potential risks and benefits, and any discomfort the study may entail. Each potential participant is informed that study participation is voluntary and that they may withdraw from the study at any time, which will not affect their subsequent services and treatment, including participation in the VT program. Finally, potential participants are told that PEGISUS intervention sessions will be audio-recorded to ascertain correct delivery of the intervention. During the consenting process, participants are given the opportunity to individually ask questions and address any concerns they may have before signing the consent forms. Following this, they are provided with a signed copy containing contact details for any additional questions or concerns that may arise during their involvement in the study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRandomization\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter consenting and completing the baseline assessment, peer groups are randomized 1:1 to either receive (1) the standard VT program plus the PEGISUS intervention or (2) SOC. The randomization allocation is conducted using REDCap, pre-programmed with the correct concealed allocation by an independent data manager who has no participant contact. Randomization is stratified by country to ensure balance of treatment arms within and across countries. All study staff members who work directly with participants, including study investigators, are blinded to the randomization sequence. Randomization takes place following the completion of baseline assessments by eligible peer groups. \u0026nbsp;The data manager enters the peer group ID number into REDCap and clicks “randomize” to reveal the group’s set allocation. The randomization results for each peer group are communicated to the site coordinators in each country, who in turn communicate the results to the VT program interventionists as well as directly to participants within each peer group (see Figure 1 for randomization timeline). Blinding of participants and interventionists is not possible due to the intervention and the study design, as is the case with most behavioral interventions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary Outcome\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary endpoint is the change in self-reported substance use from baseline to the 12-week follow-up using the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST (58). The ASSIST is a validated, 8-item tool with recognizable cutoffs for low-, moderate-, and high-risk use over the past 3 months across ten substances (alcohol, cannabis,\u0026nbsp;tobacco,\u0026nbsp;cocaine, amphetamines, inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and any other drugs). There is a comparable “youth” version (ASSIST-Y) for young people aged 16-17 years, with minor modifications to questions and differing risk level cutoff scores, based on participant age and substance used\u0026nbsp;(59). The total substance use involvement score sums together the scores across all substances, excluding tobacco. Higher scores on the measure indicate more severe substance use and associated problems.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary Outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have two additional secondary endpoints related to substance use: (1) change in the total substance use involvement score from baseline to the 24-week follow-up and (2) change in specific substance use scores on the ASSIST from baseline to the 12-week and 24-week follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe also evaluate change in self-reported gender equity beliefs using the 23-item Gender Equitable Men’s Scale (GEMS) from baseline to the two different follow-up timepoints. GEMS is a widely-used measure originally developed for young men (60), but has subsequently been tested with samples of adolescent girls and young women (61). Items are scored on a 3-point Likert scale, with higher scores representing more equitable beliefs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, we have four additional secondary endpoints related to VT program engagement and subsequent employment, measured at the 24-week follow-up. Specifically, we measure (1) the number of months that participants attended the VT program; (2) whether they completed the program (yes/no); (3) subsequent employment status; and (4) income earned. This information will be obtained from VT records (if available) and supplemented by self-report. See Table 2 for the SPIRIT schedule of study activities and outcome measures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticipant Timeline\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScreening, consenting, baseline assessments, and study intervention allocation take place in relation to each VT program’s enrollment dates. Screening, consenting, and baseline assessments of participants must occur over a 3-week period, which begins approximately 4 weeks before the VT program commences. Study staff can conduct pre-screening prior to this window to identify potentially eligible peer groups; but must re-screen these peer groups within the window to ensure current eligibility. One week before the VT program begins, baseline assessment data completion is checked, peer groups are randomized, and treatment arm allocation is communicated.\u0026nbsp;Follow-up assessments are conducted at approximately 12-weeks (range ≥8 weeks to 20 weeks) and 24-weeks (range \u0026gt;20 weeks to 32 weeks) post-randomization. (see Figure 2\u0026nbsp;a visual representation of the study procedures).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntervention Delivery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterventionists are employees at the VT program partner and hold various positions within the organization, including wellness and skill trainers and student coordinators. \u0026nbsp;Each site has between 2 to 5 trained interventionists, selected on the following criteria: previous experience with facilitating groups, working with young people, employed at the VT program for at least six months, and planned future employment for the next year.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterventionists are trained in good clinical practice and receive in-person and online training that covers topics pertinent to the PEGISUS intervention, including substance use psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, understanding the difference between gender and sex, as well as specific content for each of the intervention sessions. An initial 5-day training was conducted to prepare for the pilot test phase of the intervention. Feedback from the pilot study (audio recorded fidelity checks and interventionist feedback) informed a subsequent 2-day online training on topics related to general facilitation skills, gender, handling distressed participants, and bringing the intervention to a close. This training included both didactics and role play practice. New interventionists joining the team during the study are required to watch recordings of the initial and follow-up training sessions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll PEGISUS intervention sessions are audio-recorded, and interventionists receive two levels of supervision and technical support. \u0026nbsp;First, interventionists in each country receive regular technical group support delivered by a trained member of the research team. It lasts approximately one hour and covers fidelity feedback on audio-recorded sessions, implementation issues (such as group engagement, time management, specific content questions), and referrals for participants who need additional clinical services. \u0026nbsp;A fidelity checklist has been developed for each session based on the intervention manual. Each component or step of the intervention is rated on a 3-point scale: 0 (did not complete the outlined criteria), 1 (satisfied only some of the outlined criteria), or 2 (satisfied all outlined criteria). Moreover, each site has designated referral pathways to local clinicians who have agreed to consult on study cases.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondly, interventionists receive regular supervision from a clinically-trained member of the study team, following guidelines for supervising non-specialist providers (62). This includes review of intervention skills, challenges in implementation, and provision of emotional support for providers to prevent burnout. \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Collection and Management\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy assessments at baseline and follow-up timepoints follow similar procedures. Trained research assistants from the local community first establish rapport with study participants to foster trust and then conduct interview-led data collection to obtain the most accurate data possible. Standardized questionnaires are programmed into REDCap,\u0026nbsp;an electronic data collection and management software, which allows for direct data entry and real-time error checking (63). Study research assistants who conduct follow-up assessments are blinded to the intervention arm, if possible. Other study team members and participants are not blinded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Analysis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary and secondary analyses follow the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines (64) and modified intention-to-treat principles (available participant data analyzed according to their randomization condition, regardless of whether assigned treatment is completed). Clusters of any size (after potential dropouts) will be included. Baseline characteristics will be described by study arm using summary statistics; no formal testing between arms will be performed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary outcome, which is the between-group mean difference of the change in the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST from baseline to the 12-week follow-up, will be analyzed combining data from all three countries. It will be estimated using a linear mixed-effects model with cluster-specific random effects, adjusting for the baseline total substance use involvement ASSIST score, as well as for covariates sex and age. If model assumptions are violated, we will choose a more appropriate error distribution. The superiority of PEGISUS will be demonstrated if the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between the groups is larger than 0. The primary analysis and all secondary analyses will be performed using complete-case analysis, as the follow-up score(s) are necessary to calculate each participant’s change score. However, we plan to conduct a sensitivity analysis for the primary analysis in case more than 15 endpoints are missing (approx. 5% of the planned number of participants), where we will use multiple imputation methods to impute missing primary endpoints at 12-week follow-up.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a secondary exploratory analysis, we will subsequently evaluate whether there are differences in the intervention effect between the three countries by adding an interaction to the model between intervention and country. The interaction test will be carefully interpreted, as these tests are usually underpowered (65). \u0026nbsp;If the interaction is significant, a subgroup analysis for each country will be performed the same way as the primary analysis to provide the estimated intervention effect for each country.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe secondary endpoints will follow a similar analytic plan and will compare the between-group mean difference of the change in: (1) substance use from baseline to the 24-week follow-up using the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST, (2) substance-specific versions of the ASSIST (e.g., score on alcohol use, cannabis use, etc.) from baseline to the 12-week and \u0026nbsp;24 week follow-up, and (3) gender equitable beliefs using the GEMS from baseline to both follow-up timepoints. At the 24-week assessment, we will also compare between-group mean differences in the VT program attendance and completion rates, employment status, and income earned.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA detailed statistical analysis plan will be finalized, dated, and signed prior to the completion of study follow-up assessments. Missing baseline and outcome data will be summarized by study arm. Our team’s previous clinical trials with similar populations show low rates of attrition (\u0026lt;10%), based on rapport built with participants and communication with participants (55, 66). For the current study, we do not expect full clusters to drop out, as individual participants are able to continue participating in all study activities, even if all other peer group members drop out. Individual participants who drop out, miss a study assessment, or are lost to follow-up will not be replaced by new participants. This has been accounted for in the sample size estimate by the assumed average cluster size.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Safety and Monitoring Plan\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach study participant is assigned a unique participant identification number per country, which is the only link between study-related data and identifying information collected. Any personally identifying information (e.g., participant names, telephone numbers) are stored locally in each country and only accessible to authorized study team members. Data collected through REDCap is hosted by the Department of Clinical Research at the University Hospital Basel, in Switzerland. All researchers on the project have access to the database via personalized login information, with data rights capabilities set according to the role of each research team member. The Swiss team will be responsible for data management (e.g., data checking, quality assessment) and will liaise with each country team weekly to ensure all data queries or data quality issues are addressed in a timely manner. All staff members undergo comprehensive training on the study’s standard operating procedures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdverse events\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll serious adverse events (SAEs) are documented and reported immediately (within a maximum of 24 hours) to the Site PIs in each country and Sponsor-Investigator of the study. The Site PI evaluates the severity of the SAE according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grading system (67) and makes a causality assessment of the event in relation to the study intervention according to the standards set by the International Conference on Harmonisation, topic E2A (68). The Sponsor-Investigator reviews the severity and causality statements assigned by each Site PI.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;If an SAE is “possibly,” “probably,” or “definitely” related to the study, the Site PI reports the event(s) to the local Ethics Committee within 48 hours. Participants who complete study activities with reported ongoing SAEs that are “possibly,” “probably,” or “definitely” related to the study intervention will be followed up until resolution or stabilization of the SAE, for up to 6 months post-study termination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Considerations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study has been approved by the following health research ethics committees: Zambian National Health Research Authority and University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (4988-2024), Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (A/3076), and South African Medical Research Council (EC042-11/2023). The study was reviewed by the Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz in Switzerland, who confirmed that the study met the ethical and scientific standards for human subjects research, but operates outside of the jurisdiction of the ethics board (AO_2023-00095).\u0026nbsp;Substantial changes that are made to the study setup and study organization, the protocol, or other relevant study documents are submitted to local ethics committees in each country for approval before implementation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are several important areas of ethical consideration for the study, given the focal topics of substance use and gender equity among young people in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.\u0026nbsp;During study participation, participants are offered necessary referrals for mental health, substance use, or other health-related services. Since the study population includes members of a vulnerable population (i.e., minors under the age of 18, possible use of illegal substances), it is critical to protect these participants by ensuring that the appropriate parental consent is obtained before the assent process. Due to the sensitive nature of this study, we are aware that disclosing minor’s substance use could increase harm, and result in conflict or violence in the family. Therefore, the parental consent form describes the importance of addressing substance use risk among young people in general and does not explicitly state that young people are selected based on a substance use threshold. Secondly, if any participant under 18 reports being abused,\u0026nbsp;this needs to be reported to appropriate authorities alongside other reportable harms. \u0026nbsp;All staff are trained on the procedures involved in how to assess the situation and take necessary steps to ensure participant safety.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, since the PEGISUS intervention is delivered to peer groups, additional ethical considerations need to be taken into account. It is important that study participation is voluntary and that participants are not coerced by their peers to take part. Screening for the study takes place separately for individuals within peer groups, so that study staff can ascertain whether each individual is genuinely interested in the study.\u0026nbsp;Peer groups randomized to the PEGISUS intervention arm may receive the intervention with other peer groups. When bringing together individuals of different backgrounds in a group setting and asking them to take part in activities related to substance use and gender beliefs, disagreements or conflicts may arise. To minimize this risk, group ground rules are set and interventionists receive group facilitation training and ongoing supervision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical considerations were carefully guided by the legal and sociocultural sensitivities surrounding sexual and gender minority identities in Zambia and Zimbabwe. The penal code in these countries still criminalizes sexual acts between those of the same sex and does not recognize transgender and gender-fluid gender identities. As such, participants are not asked to disclose these identities or any related information. Interventionists received training to navigate such topics with cultural sensitivity, prioritizing participant safety and dignity while adhering to local legal frameworks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDissemination Plan\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations, as well as shared at relevant stakeholder meetings within each study country and internationally. All investigators and collaborators listed on the research protocol will have the opportunity to contribute to the publication of results. To facilitate capacity building and foster academic careers in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, the study team commits to encourage and support publications by collaborators from these countries by providing mentorship and instrumental support (e.g., protected writing time).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to academic outputs, our team is committed to disseminating the findings to local stakeholders in each country to share evidence and foster dialogue. This includes non-governmental organizations, Ministries of Health, and community leaders. We will also disseminate the findings directly back to the young people who were part of the study; strategies to do this are guided by the youth advisory boards in each country.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION ","content":"\u003cp\u003eYoung people in Southern Africa face numerous challenges, including high rates of unemployment, health systems under pressure, political instability, and increasing evidence of the global climate crisis that affects their health and well-being (2, 4-6). Substance use is a common coping strategy for many young people (7\u0026ndash;9), but few interventions address the broader social environment that reinforces substance use and other risk behaviors (22). This paper describes the study protocol for an intervention to reduce substance use and increase gender equitable beliefs, delivered to young people and their peer groups within VT programs in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Findings from the study will add to the evidence base on novel intervention approaches to reduce substance use and address co-occurring risk behaviors for young people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the ongoing challenges in the global field of substance use is the large treatment gap, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, which is partially due to low awareness in recognizing unhealthy substance use (24). From a public health perspective, alternative models of care are needed to make adequate inroads to reducing this chasm. The PEGISUS intervention, embedded within existing VT programs and delivered by VT program staff, offers an opportunity for young people to identify their own unhealthy substance use and a path to scaling the intervention, should it be effective. Our approach fits with a recent scoping review of community-based interventions for adolescent and adult mental health and substance use problems in Africa, which concluded that interventions delivered outside of healthcare facilities were generally acceptable, feasible, and possibly effective (69). Substance use interventions for young people in Africa are most often school-based, but extant evidence suggests such interventions do not always lead to behavior change among those who already use substances, possibly because they universally target all learners (22). In contrast, the PEGISUS intervention targets young people who already demonstrate at-risk substance use behaviors and includes young people who are not enrolled in traditional education programs or formally employed, which are a vulnerable population. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis trial has strengths and limitations that should be considered. Study strengths include the use of a cluster randomized design with real-life peer groups and embedding the intervention into VT programs, offering an avenue for future scale up and possible sustainability. In addition, implementing the study across three Southern African countries enables the collection of evidence on the intervention\u0026rsquo;s effectiveness in diverse yet comparable contexts, facilitating a more rapid identification of the conditions under which the intervention is most effective. Finally, the intervention simultaneously addresses two mutually reinforcing risk behaviors, substance use and inequitable gender beliefs, which may negatively influence the health and well-being of young people. However, study limitations include the fact that the secondary analysis of intervention effectiveness within country is exploratory and is therefore likely to be underpowered and the final follow-up assessment window is only 6 months, meaning that it is not possible to evaluate longer-term impacts. This is particularly relevant for employment status, as job acquisition and continued employment may fall outside this time window for most participants.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eOverall, this study uses a rigorous, cluster randomized trial design to evaluate the PEGISUS intervention to address substance use and inequitable gender beliefs among young people aged 16 to 24 and their peers within existing VT programs. The intervention, developed with feedback from young people themselves, seeks to address at-risk young people living in disadvantaged communities in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Innovation in the study includes targeting real-world peer groups and embedding the intervention into existing VT programs. Taken together, this study seeks to address key behaviors during a period of vulnerability by helping young people develop healthy coping skills beyond substance use, adoption of equitable gender beliefs, and improved employment opportunities, which may lead to improved well-being throughout this developmental phase and in the life trajectories of these young people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study is funded by the Solution-oriented Research for Development (SOR4D) Programme, which is a joint funding initiative of the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (Grant #400440_213259; MPI: Belus, Menon). JMB\u0026rsquo;s time was funded through the\u0026nbsp;Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant #\u0026nbsp;PZ00P1_201690, PI: Belus). The funders have no role in trial design, study implementation, or publication of findings. The study design, collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the report for publication are the sole decision of the authors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: T.C, J.B.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding Acquisition: J.B., A.M., T.C., K.M., L.R.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethodology: T.C., A.M., L.H., J.B.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProject Administration: B.C., K.J., M.B., S.H\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWriting \u0026ndash; original draft: T.C., J.B., A.B., L.H., B.C.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWriting \u0026ndash; editing and revising: T.C., A.M., K.M., B.C., G.S., K.J., M.B., A.B., S.H., L.H., J.B., L.R.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003enone\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability of data statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA de-identified dataset used for the analysis of the outcomes described within this paper will be made available alongside the published main outcomes paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrial sponsor\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDivision of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Toteng\u0026auml;sslein 3, 4051 Basel, Switzerland, Contact: +41612652525\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrial registration\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinicaltrials.gov Trials identifier: NCT06489899. Approved on July 8, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eurl: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06489899?term=NCT06489899\u0026amp;rank=1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePan African Clinical Trials identifier: PACTR202502629432188. Approved February 14, 2025\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eurl: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=33370\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKaba AJ. Explaining Africa\u0026rsquo;s Rapid Population Growth, 1950 to 2020: Trends, factors, implications, and recommendations. Sociol Mind. 2020;10(4):226\u0026ndash;68. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4236/sm.2020.104015\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.4236/sm.2020.104015\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdekoya AF. 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Community-based models of care for adolescent and adult depression, suicidal behavior, anxiety, trauma, and substance use in Africa: a scoping review. \u003cem\u003eFront Psychol\u003c/em\u003e. 2024;15:1241403. https://doi.org10.3389/fpsyg.2024.12414.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"addiction-science-and-clinical-practice","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ascp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Addiction Science \u0026 Clinical Practice](https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13722","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13722/3","title":"Addiction Science \u0026 Clinical Practice","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8788905/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8788905/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground and aims\u003c/strong\u003e: Substance use and the internalization of traditional gender norms,or inequitable gender beliefs, are co-occurring risk behaviors for poorer health and well-being in young people in Southern Africa. Addressing the social and structural factors that reinforce substance use and inequitable gender beliefs, including peer influence and socioeconomic adversity, such as lack of education or employment, is necessary to support sustainable change in these behaviors. However, most existing interventions focus only on changing individual behavior. This study therefore aims to address this limitation by testing the efficacy of an intervention to reduce substance use and promote equitable gender beliefs, delivered to peer groups and embedded within existing vocational training (VT) programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign\u003c/strong\u003e: Two-arm cluster randomized controlled superiority trial with assessments at baseline, 12-week, and 24-week follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSetting\u003c/strong\u003e: Selected VT programs in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticipants:\u003c/strong\u003e Sixty-six peer groups, comprised of 3 to 6 young people (index case plus 2 to 5 peers) aged 16-24 years old, who use substances together weekly, or binge drink at least monthly, and enrolled in eligible VT programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntervention and comparator:\u003c/strong\u003e Peer groups are randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either: (i) the standard VT program plus Peer Education for Gender Inclusion and Substance Use in Southern Africa (PEGISUS), an 8-session interactive intervention delivered by VT program staff to peer groups or (ii) standard of care (SOC), which is the standard VT program and a referral for substance use services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasurements:\u003c/strong\u003e The primary outcome is the between-group (PEGISUS vs. SOC) mean difference in the change in the total substance use involvement score on the ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test) from baseline to the 12-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes compare the between-group mean difference in (1) other substance use scales on the ASSIST and at other timepoints (i.e., 24-week follow-up); (2) change in gender equitable beliefs using the GEMS (Gender Equitable Men’s Scale) from baseline to the 12-week and 24-week follow-up; and (3) VT program attendance and completion rates, employment status, and income earned at the 24-week follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComments:\u003c/strong\u003e This is one of the first known studies in Southern Africa to assess the efficacy of an intervention that addresses substance use and gender equity beliefs among young people and their peers delivered in VT programs. PEGISUS addresses socioeconomic adversity and offers a potential pathway to sustainable delivery by embedding the intervention within existing VT programs. If unhealthy risk behaviors are reduced, and employment opportunities are improved, this can lead to improved well-being in the life trajectories of these young people.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Young People and their Peers to Reduce Substance Use and Inequitable Gender Beliefs in Southern Africa","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-08 14:23:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8788905/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-10T04:26:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"239378091203498699584895877788239190649","date":"2026-03-26T20:15:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"201149442279284470059718103224954086753","date":"2026-03-12T15:18:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-25T12:30:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-23T19:51:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-13T12:26:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Addiction Science \u0026 Clinical Practice","date":"2026-02-04T16:22:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"addiction-science-and-clinical-practice","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ascp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Addiction Science \u0026 Clinical Practice](https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13722","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13722/3","title":"Addiction Science \u0026 Clinical Practice","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c63c10fb-49fa-4afb-b296-acd88b8fbbba","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 8th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-10T04:26:28+00:00","index":32,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-08T14:23:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-08 14:23:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8788905","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8788905","identity":"rs-8788905","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}