Spatially dependent Raman gain by vortex beam in a four-level N-typed atomic system

Spatially dependent Raman gain by vortex beam in a four-level N-typed atomic system | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Spatially dependent Raman gain by vortex beam in a four-level N-typed atomic system Tong Zhang, Kai-Kai Zhang, Xu Deng, Tao Shui, Wen-Xing Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5182440/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Mar, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract An efficient scheme for controlling the spatial Raman gain is proposed in a cold atomic ensemble with a four-level N-typed configuration. The cold atoms are driven by the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex beams. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the condition under which the topological charge (TC) allows us to manipulate the spatial distribution of the Raman gain spectra. Furthermore, we find that the spatial Raman gain can be effectively controlled via adjusting the relevant optical parameters. Subsequently, we show interesting optical properties of vortex-induced transparency(VIT) and vortex-induced gain (VIG) by controlling the probe absorption spectrum. Our scheme may provide a feasible approach for constructing novel vortex beams based on cold atomic ensemble. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Mar, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 30 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 17 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 16 Oct, 2024 Editor invited by journal 01 Oct, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Sep, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5182440","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":377146340,"identity":"dd9d88d1-e4e5-4724-b22a-d94ba8be0e72","order_by":0,"name":"Tong Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangtze University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":377146341,"identity":"efc6f902-79b4-4a2e-a1d7-b24c0dc41983","order_by":1,"name":"Kai-Kai Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangtze University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kai-Kai","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":377146342,"identity":"3a21af1a-1aaf-4920-a927-4b00e2e08ff4","order_by":2,"name":"Xu Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangtze University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xu","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":377146343,"identity":"f7525b9b-d537-49a9-939c-65472e990c5e","order_by":3,"name":"Tao Shui","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQYGZjDJwHzgwIcKErQAKbbEgzPOEK8FRPEYH+ZtIUIH/+we48+FbRZ1/O09Hw7wNjDI84sdIGDJnTNm0jPbJCQkzpzdcEByB4PhzNkJBKy5kWPGzAvUwnAjd8MBwzMMCQa3CWiRv5Fj/BmkBch4cCCxjQgtBjdyDKRBWoAMhgMHidFieCOtTJrnnITkxjPHDA42nJEg7Be5G8mbP/OU1fHLHW9+/PlPhY08vzQBLehAgjTlo2AUjIJRMAqwAwBke0TqC5R64wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Yangtze University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tao","middleName":"","lastName":"Shui","suffix":""},{"id":377146344,"identity":"7297eb42-7fd1-47fe-9249-07a5a7d2fa89","order_by":4,"name":"Wen-Xing Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangtze University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen-Xing","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-30 16:38:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5182440/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5182440/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93083-5","type":"published","date":"2025-03-13T15:58:43+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78689980,"identity":"dbaae9f7-3fd1-4c1f-818d-9367ac07c4f1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-17 16:13:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1665708,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SRG.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5182440/v1_covered_261899b7-347b-408d-ab10-13f327eb735d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Spatially dependent Raman gain by vortex beam in a four-level N-typed atomic system","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5182440/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5182440/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"An efficient scheme for controlling the spatial Raman gain is proposed in a cold atomic ensemble with a four-level N-typed configuration. 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