Computational Discovery of a miRNA and its Putative Target Genes in Ziziphus Jujuba using Genome-wide Expressed Sequence Tags

Abstract Background Ziziphus jujuba is an important fruit crop which is increasingly becoming popular among consumers due to its medicinal properties. Increasing worldwide demand for the fruit poses new challenges to the industry which includes the need for accelerated cultivar development of jujubes. To embark on cultivar development with improved traits such as high yield and disease resistance, molecular and conventional breeding, and genetic engineering become imperative. But inadequate trait-enhancing alleles or gene pleiotropism limit the direct use of several identified genes. To overcome these issues, microRNAs (miRNAs) can be utilized in breeding of jujubes as genetic modulators to fine-tune the regulation of gene expression, thus the discovery of miRNAs becomes important. Methods and results In this study using a computational approach, we identified one potential miRNA (zju-miR-215-3p) from 2904 expressed sequence tags. The miRNA showed down regulation of five target proteins (AP-2 complex subunit alpha, C2H2-type domain-containing protein, sentrin-specific protease 1, hydrolase_4 domain-containing protein and putative alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase) and their suppression appears to be helpful to the plant to overcome stress conditions. Conclusion The miRNA identified in this study is associated with five potential target proteins, most of which are implicated in metabolic and developmental processes associated with plant growth and reproduction. Future studies are necessary to validate the miRNA by RNA sequencing and to confirm the molecular functions of the down regulations of target proteins.