Are Binary Codes assigned to Bases in Codons A Matter of Choice Or specific ?

Are Binary Codes assigned to Bases in Codons A Matter of Choice Or specific ? | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Are Binary Codes assigned to Bases in Codons A Matter of Choice Or specific ? Bijan Bihari Mohanty This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4381009/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Since discovery by Russian Physicist Rumer of three types of traits (purine/pyrimidine, Strong/Weak, amino/keto ) in each of the bases A,G,C,U/T constituting the codons and anti-codons ,theoretical biologists have hit upon a close analogy between binary representation of information and the traits of the bases. As a result , binary values have been assigned to the four bases and efforts are made to unearth the underlying symmetry and information content. There are altogether 24 choices available and these choices have been exercised by researchers based upon individual assumptions or in a random manner. Till date, the following vital issue remains unresolved:-- Whether all binary choices or cluster of choices are equally suitable depending on assumptions. OR there is no choice and nature has chosen a specific set of binary configuration. The current research article, by logical and mathematical deduction, has arrived at the conclusion that there is no choice and only 2 configurations out of 24 choices are picked up by nature for representation of base in codons/anti-codons and the rest 22 choices are not suitable. Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Genetic Code Standard Genetic Code SGC symmetry AND genetic code codon and amino acid genetic code binaries latest research in genetic code binary representation of bases Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4381009","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":299567803,"identity":"29b13370-9039-418d-b4b7-96c6fe0e8116","order_by":0,"name":"Bijan Bihari Mohanty","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACA2aGBAjrAPMBICkhQ6wWA6AWNhBDgoewFjh1gAfMJqzFnJ3h4eeCP38S+27kfH51o8aCh4H98NEN+LRYNjMkS89sM0iceSN3m3XOMaDDeNLSbuB12GGGBGneBoPEDUAtxjlsQC0SPGaEtCT/5vkD0pLzzDjnH3Fa0qR52MBamB/nthGhBeiXNGveNmPjmWeemTHn9knwsBHyizn/meTbPH/kZPuOJz/+nPOtTo6f/fAxvFqAEZEAoQUS2CRANBt+5SDAfgBC8x9g/kBY9SgYBaNgFIxEAADKXEnRTIqSZwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-3297","institution":"independent researcher","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bijan","middleName":"Bihari","lastName":"Mohanty","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-07 07:21:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4381009/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4381009/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56056561,"identity":"7dbbdade-43bc-4ac8-bf31-793b87723019","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-08 03:23:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1486159,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"research1b.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4381009/v1_covered_1de96b57-6b9e-4abb-9317-b650ba3e1d8a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAre Binary Codes assigned to Bases in Codons A Matter of Choice Or specific ?\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Genetic Code, Standard Genetic Code, SGC, symmetry AND genetic code, codon and amino acid, genetic code binaries, latest research in genetic code, binary representation of bases","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4381009/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4381009/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSince discovery by Russian Physicist Rumer of three types of traits (purine/pyrimidine, Strong/Weak, amino/keto ) in each of the bases A,G,C,U/T constituting the codons and anti-codons ,theoretical biologists have hit upon a close analogy between binary representation of information and the traits of the bases. 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