Preparation and performance study of erbium-doped chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive glass

Preparation and performance study of erbium-doped chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive glass | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Preparation and performance study of erbium-doped chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive glass Xintao Wu, Botao Cao, Youjie Hua, Hongping Ma, Lihui Huang, Shilong Zhao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317889/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Large-scale chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive (PTR) glass doped with Er 3+ ions was fabricated by a secondary melting technique. Based on the measured absorption spectrum of 2wt% Er 3+ doped chloride borosilicate PTR glass and Judd-Ofelt theory, three intensity parameter Ω t (t=2,4,6), transition probability A, fluorescence branching ratio β and radiative lifetime τ were determined. The absorption and emission cross-section of 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 transition were 6.22×10 -21 cm 2 and 6.84×10 -21 cm 2 at 1.5μm, respectively. The differential thermal analysis curves were measured before and after ultraviolet irradiation. When the glass is exposed to ultraviolet light, it will promote the formation of crystalline phases during the subsequent heating process. The precipitation of NaF phase was achieved in Er 3+ -doped chloride borosilicate PTR glass via a dual-stage thermal treatment at 480°C and 510°C, which paves the way for the future fabrication of diverse active optical components. PTR glass Chloride borosilicate glass Er3+ Luminescence Judd-Ofelt theory Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9317889","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":622506244,"identity":"05e96c68-13d7-4bdc-8546-e76107b0804d","order_by":0,"name":"Xintao Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xintao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":622506247,"identity":"fdfa7f24-88fe-47b8-ab65-8aa380e968b0","order_by":1,"name":"Botao Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Botao","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""},{"id":622506249,"identity":"97065442-0b68-40c4-b3f9-425b6bd712f5","order_by":2,"name":"Youjie Hua","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Youjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Hua","suffix":""},{"id":622506254,"identity":"ea2e5e14-6001-45a4-8734-33a4c0b6521e","order_by":3,"name":"Hongping Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang University Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongping","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":622506255,"identity":"22c835f0-a0a6-43cd-9db6-546c60f87509","order_by":4,"name":"Lihui Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lihui","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":622506257,"identity":"ff13fd37-9f39-4bea-8438-f0faebaabd89","order_by":5,"name":"Shilong Zhao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIie3RsQrCMBCA4ZRCXAKuJ6K+wkGgLuKzpAi6iAgubgod3Jwr9iEqgvNJQRcfwLFdOjlLtxqdnGLdBPMPSYb7ICGM2Wy/GDyXabmoM+aTPjrLagRd1Vgy9SVBPV+NdLZBlhXIJ/JMaSJYrxWTm6cm4kQnKQWKmXdRSpOhjIl30URcUF6TITiHK3uSxI9JcDARDqN7o0B09uGLlJ+JgLEHApUfw4vQZwIwnum3kAT9lmOEA7lJuGcknXC0y4o5teuri5/e5v3W+hzkRvJ+R6U/SO9uxXldjarP2mw221/1AHVkR5yVpuJZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shilong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-04 06:08:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317889/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317889/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106970142,"identity":"3e3d4da6-f7b6-4ded-97e6-f8cb43fe0a43","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-15 10:14:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":627285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9317889/v1_covered_371d2229-1a39-4660-a699-5f700e5e34d5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Preparation and performance study of erbium-doped chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive glass","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"PTR glass, Chloride borosilicate glass, Er3+, Luminescence, Judd-Ofelt theory","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317889/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317889/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLarge-scale\u0026nbsp;chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive (PTR) glass\u0026nbsp;doped with Er\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;ions\u0026nbsp;was\u0026nbsp;fabricated by a\u0026nbsp;secondary melting technique. Based on the measured absorption spectrum of 2wt% Er\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e doped chloride borosilicate PTR glass and Judd-Ofelt theory, three intensity parameter Ω\u003csub\u003et\u003c/sub\u003e(t=2,4,6), transition probability A, fluorescence branching ratio β and radiative lifetime τ were determined. The absorption and emission cross-section of \u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003eI\u003csub\u003e13/2\u003c/sub\u003e→\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003eI\u003csub\u003e15/2 \u003c/sub\u003etransition were 6.22×10\u003csup\u003e-21\u003c/sup\u003ecm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e and 6.84×10\u003csup\u003e-21\u003c/sup\u003ecm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e at 1.5μm, respectively. The differential thermal analysis curves were measured before and after ultraviolet irradiation. When the glass is exposed to ultraviolet light, it will promote the formation of crystalline phases during the subsequent heating process. The\u0026nbsp;precipitation of NaF phase\u0026nbsp;was\u0026nbsp;achieved\u0026nbsp;in\u0026nbsp;Er\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e-doped\u0026nbsp;chloride borosilicate PTR glass via a\u0026nbsp;dual-stage thermal treatment\u0026nbsp;at 480°C and 510°C,\u0026nbsp;which paves the way for\u0026nbsp;the future fabrication of diverse active optical components.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Preparation and performance study of erbium-doped chloride borosilicate photothermal refractive glass","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-15 09:49:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317889/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f5fbc9bb-3f9e-46fd-a159-db25115f1567","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 15th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T13:50:55+00:00","index":38,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"152290251587076152639677099709621739303","date":"2026-04-30T14:29:50+00:00","index":37,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-15T09:49:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-15 09:49:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9317889","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9317889","identity":"rs-9317889","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}