Dual-target magnetic anomaly detection and recognition based on a board-level micro fully integrated fluxgate tensor for Unexploded ordnance (UXO) mission

Dual-target magnetic anomaly detection and recognition based on a board-level micro fully integrated fluxgate tensor for Unexploded ordnance (UXO) mission | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Dual-target magnetic anomaly detection and recognition based on a board-level micro fully integrated fluxgate tensor for Unexploded ordnance (UXO) mission Chong Lei, zhan Pu, dongming fang, yuhan dai This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7569302/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Microsystems & Nanoengineering → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To meet the application requirements for detecting UXO using magnetic detection, the micro fluxgate tensor technology has shown significant value in target recognition, localization, and interference resistance. A board-level micro fluxgate tensor is developed using heterogeneous multi-dimensional integrated triaxial fluxgate technology, achieving synchronous detection and identification of dual targets. The micro fluxgate tensor consists of a typical cross-array formed by four MEMS integrated triaxial fluxgate sensors bonded onto a PCB board, with the size of each triaxial sensor being 17.4mm × 13.3mm × 13.8mm, and the overall size of the micro fluxgate tensor being 86mm × 80mm × 16mm. The micro fluxgate tensor uses a total of 12 uniaxial MEMS fluxgate chips, the size of each chip being 10.8mm × 6mm × 0.5mm, with an average sensitivity of approximately 1930 V/T and a noise power spectral density below 0.05 nT/√Hz @1Hz. Within a test area of 1.2m × 1.2m, two differently shaped magnetic targets, an olive-shaped magnet and a spherical magnet, are detected by the micro fluxgate tensor successfully. By comparing the magnetic tensor figure aspect ratios of the olive-shaped magnet (175%) and the spherical magnet (122%), the two targets are distinguished. Furthermore, the magnetic field tensor detection of coexisting cylindrical and spherical magnets is performed, and the results of the magnetic tensor figure indicate the presence of both targets and achieve identification differentiation based on shape aspect ratios, with aspect ratios of 241% and 132% respectively. The micro fluxgate tensor will have advantages such as integration, miniaturization, lightweight design, and low power consumption. It will be more suitable for deployment on portable platforms and unmanned systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency of UXO detection. Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Nanosensors Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Sensors Full Text Additional Declarations There is no conflict of interest Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Microsystems & Nanoengineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: revise 08 Dec, 2025 Review # 1 received at journal 07 Dec, 2025 Review # 3 received at journal 26 Nov, 2025 Review # 2 received at journal 25 Nov, 2025 Reviewer # 3 agreed at journal 20 Nov, 2025 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 19 Nov, 2025 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 19 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 09 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 09 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7569302","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":547627666,"identity":"0614b742-f560-4201-aa03-ab52e4d88bbb","order_by":0,"name":"Chong Lei","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA00lEQVRIie3PPQrCMBTA8RcC7RLtGhDsFdq5Yq/SItS1U+eWQKYeoODgGbxBSwa3uAp1sDdwdBFM/JiTUTD/IY/A+0EC4HL9YHNANQZvpYa+ehbEe5MCELcnAIqIz7YV8VkzltUpxfs2glslINjVBkIGlnRyzBtOItRJAfTSGwjN+WLGxwwpgmdcQEQzAwknTWT6Ig8rQpEmPdIPw8iKkJwlRG7UX4pyaOWW0LOBBP5xGkm1TmMmDtd7lSyDzkB0VB9xDdCrScz7XxJarbpcLtdf9gQoWDtfnrX9iwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7742-7462","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chong","middleName":"","lastName":"Lei","suffix":""},{"id":547627667,"identity":"04c893a0-9bfd-4630-8a0f-344a778db8e2","order_by":1,"name":"zhan Pu","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0751-2037","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"zhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Pu","suffix":""},{"id":547627668,"identity":"f075dd46-94c6-452c-9324-c7db638a3cd4","order_by":2,"name":"dongming fang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing Smartchip Microelectronics Technology Co.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"dongming","middleName":"","lastName":"fang","suffix":""},{"id":547627669,"identity":"923f3571-c553-47bf-8852-245afb593bcc","order_by":3,"name":"yuhan dai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"yuhan","middleName":"","lastName":"dai","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-09 04:45:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7569302/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7569302/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-026-01227-y","type":"published","date":"2026-04-07T04:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":96873990,"identity":"c8028acc-04f9-4f12-bfdf-db870543770f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 04:51:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":756694,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DualtargetmagneticanomalydetectionandrecognitionbasedonaboardlevelmicrofullyintegratedfluxgatetensorforUnexplodedordnanceUXOmission.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7569302/v1/9c1635db83ed33520872f7b4.pdf"},{"id":96919815,"identity":"b50e0d4d-1748-4cd6-ab3c-663af61af214","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 14:14:31","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6116,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MICRONANO04939.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7569302/v1/a73a6b30143163501e69e3b6.json"},{"id":106286341,"identity":"6325d322-ce04-4b62-8ec7-b2fb617e1ebb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-07 07:10:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":714175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Article File","description":"","filename":"DualtargetmagneticanomalydetectionandrecognitionbasedonaboardlevelmicrofullyintegratedfluxgatetensorforUnexplodedordnanceUXOmission.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7569302/v1_covered_b06ae932-f3f1-48c2-9636-02ba85b9d4e8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is no conflict of interest","formattedTitle":"Dual-target magnetic anomaly detection and recognition based on a board-level micro fully integrated fluxgate tensor for Unexploded ordnance (UXO) mission","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"microsystems-and-nanoengineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"micronano","sideBox":"Learn more about [Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering](http://www.nature.com/micronano/)","snPcode":"41378","submissionUrl":"https://mts-micronano.nature.com/","title":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7569302/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7569302/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"To meet the application requirements for detecting UXO using magnetic detection, the micro fluxgate tensor technology has shown significant value in target recognition, localization, and interference resistance. A board-level micro fluxgate tensor is developed using heterogeneous multi-dimensional integrated triaxial fluxgate technology, achieving synchronous detection and identification of dual targets. The micro fluxgate tensor consists of a typical cross-array formed by four MEMS integrated triaxial fluxgate sensors bonded onto a PCB board, with the size of each triaxial sensor being 17.4mm × 13.3mm × 13.8mm, and the overall size of the micro fluxgate tensor being 86mm × 80mm × 16mm. The micro fluxgate tensor uses a total of 12 uniaxial MEMS fluxgate chips, the size of each chip being 10.8mm × 6mm × 0.5mm, with an average sensitivity of approximately 1930 V/T and a noise power spectral density below 0.05 nT/√Hz @1Hz. Within a test area of 1.2m × 1.2m, two differently shaped magnetic targets, an olive-shaped magnet and a spherical magnet, are detected by the micro fluxgate tensor successfully. By comparing the magnetic tensor figure aspect ratios of the olive-shaped magnet (175%) and the spherical magnet (122%), the two targets are distinguished. Furthermore, the magnetic field tensor detection of coexisting cylindrical and spherical magnets is performed, and the results of the magnetic tensor figure indicate the presence of both targets and achieve identification differentiation based on shape aspect ratios, with aspect ratios of 241% and 132% respectively. The micro fluxgate tensor will have advantages such as integration, miniaturization, lightweight design, and low power consumption. It will be more suitable for deployment on portable platforms and unmanned systems, thereby enhancing the efficiency of UXO detection.","manuscriptTitle":"Dual-target magnetic anomaly detection and recognition based on a board-level micro fully integrated fluxgate tensor for Unexploded ordnance (UXO) mission","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-27 04:51:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7569302/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"revise","date":"2025-12-09T00:56:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2025-12-08T00:29:09+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2025-11-26T09:11:57+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2025-11-25T07:22:12+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2025-11-20T06:29:02+00:00","index":3,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2025-11-20T00:50:52+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2025-11-19T15:18:57+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-19T15:12:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-09T06:56:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-09T04:44:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering","date":"2025-09-09T04:44:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"microsystems-and-nanoengineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"micronano","sideBox":"Learn more about [Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering](http://www.nature.com/micronano/)","snPcode":"41378","submissionUrl":"https://mts-micronano.nature.com/","title":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4444eb7a-64b7-4e5e-9364-784f8d7f8062","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":58264936,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Nanosensors"},{"id":58264937,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Sensors"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T07:08:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7569302","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-026-01227-y","journal":{"identity":"microsystems-and-nanoengineering","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-07 04:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 7th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-27 04:51:12","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41378-026-01227-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-026-01227-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7569302","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7569302","identity":"rs-7569302","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}