Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive model of saline frozen soil

Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive model of saline frozen soil | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive model of saline frozen soil Shichao Wei, Qinyong Ma, Hongpeng Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317271/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To investigate the mechanical response and energy consumption mechanism of frozen saline clay under dynamic impact loading, experiments were conducted on the dynamic mechanical behavior, failure morphology, and energy dissipation characteristics under different salt contents and impact pressures, and the Johnson‑Cook model was modified. The results show that higher salt content leads to a lower initial slope of the stress‑strain curve, a reduced elastic region, and weaker brittle behavior. The dynamic strength increases with impact pressure but decreases significantly with rising salt content, exhibiting a clear salt weakening effect. For a given salt content, the dynamic strength growth factor increases linearly with impact pressure; under a fixed impact pressure, this factor first increases and then decreases with salt content. Specimens with low salt content mainly exhibit brittle crushing failure; those with medium salt content transition to splitting or shear failure, while high salt content specimens show viscoplastic bulging failure. The incident energy, reflected energy, and absorbed energy stabilize over time, and the absorbed energy decreases with increasing salt content. The energy reflection coefficient increases with impact pressure but decreases with salt content; the energy absorption coefficient decreases with both increasing impact pressure and salt content. Salt content governs the dynamic behavior and failure patterns by controlling the unfrozen water content and ice bonding strength. The proposed modified Johnson‑Cook model effectively predicts the effects of impact pressure and salt content on the strength characteristics of frozen clay. Frozen saline clay Johnson‑Cook model Split Hopkinson pressure bar Dynamic strength growth factor Energy dissipation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 16 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 04 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 03 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9317271","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":619224699,"identity":"3eb5efb2-6ee1-4297-b568-3b4ff75934a3","order_by":0,"name":"Shichao Wei","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIie3PsQrCMBCA4ZNAukRdC0L7CgcFcejDtEtcVARXwUqhk+ha8CV8hJZDV9cOLr5BoSAOoiauSqubQ/4ly33hDsBk+sfsVsT0yxnLshJ953vSsXiYp1PpfUEAXsTpCo9ESWGjcLfxsprO/TBhgOQjC8Ci/a6O4CmPe+lBahLQCPkEhJRFLbHVsOA0ViRTRMzAFv1a4qaa3DVpRTRQP0RNBApF2okmDAgQmwkWYdxrr+UiYRzyFQYeb7rFTYfnSlx8z90cq/J6ezhdiw71i73Ffxs3mUwm06eeyNBHwx8MmgkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shichao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wei","suffix":""},{"id":619224700,"identity":"03031a10-7cc5-43ff-83ca-4d01021a2e4b","order_by":1,"name":"Qinyong Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qinyong","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":619224704,"identity":"2169658c-295e-4298-a42c-0afaba4df61d","order_by":2,"name":"Hongpeng Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongpeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-04 03:53:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317271/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317271/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106781189,"identity":"a7614265-8fe3-49bb-bd48-2435fbb14af3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-13 11:42:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1100588,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Experimentalstudyonthedynamicmechanicalpropertiesandconstitutivemodelofsalinefrozensoil.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9317271/v1_covered_2b8e7c12-edb3-4cd8-a4d9-e6edcf4d58a7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive model of saline frozen soil","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"geotechnical-and-geological-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"gege","sideBox":"Learn more about [Geotechnical and Geological Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/10706)","snPcode":"10706","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10706/3","title":"Geotechnical and Geological Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Frozen saline clay, Johnson‑Cook model, Split Hopkinson pressure bar, Dynamic strength growth factor, Energy dissipation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317271/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9317271/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the mechanical response and energy consumption mechanism of frozen saline clay under dynamic impact loading, experiments were conducted on the dynamic mechanical behavior, failure morphology, and energy dissipation characteristics under different salt contents and impact pressures, and the Johnson‑Cook model was modified. The results show that higher salt content leads to a lower initial slope of the stress‑strain curve, a reduced elastic region, and weaker brittle behavior. The dynamic strength increases with impact pressure but decreases significantly with rising salt content, exhibiting a clear salt weakening effect. For a given salt content, the dynamic strength growth factor increases linearly with impact pressure; under a fixed impact pressure, this factor first increases and then decreases with salt content. Specimens with low salt content mainly exhibit brittle crushing failure; those with medium salt content transition to splitting or shear failure, while high salt content specimens show viscoplastic bulging failure. The incident energy, reflected energy, and absorbed energy stabilize over time, and the absorbed energy decreases with increasing salt content. 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