An investigation into the Performance of Apple Genotypes: A Parametric Assessment of Fruit Setting in the Orchards of Himachal Pradesh

An investigation into the Performance of Apple Genotypes: A Parametric Assessment of Fruit Setting in the Orchards of Himachal Pradesh | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article An investigation into the Performance of Apple Genotypes: A Parametric Assessment of Fruit Setting in the Orchards of Himachal Pradesh Neha Mishra, Rakesh Gupta, Ashu Chandel, Subhash Sharma, Pramod Verma, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4834856/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Climate change continues to alter the traditional apple-growing environments. This change in environment prompts a thorough examination of fruit setting behavior, which is a key component in productivity. The study aimed to identify suitable high density apple genotypes with stable fruit setting behavior. The apple genotypes are evaluated over a duration of two years, 2021–2023 in different environments. The stable apple genotypes for percent fruit set were identified using Eberhart and Russell and AMMI Model. The stability parameters of Eberhart and Russell stability model indicates jeromine as a stable genotype. The interaction items in AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interactions) analysis of variance cut across interaction principal components IPC1 and IPC2. The recommended genotypes for each region include Redlum Gala for Zone I; Gale Gala for Zone II; and Jeromine, Red Velox, and Super Chief have stability in Zone III. Based on AMMI Stability Value, Jeromine and Red Velox are the most stable genotypes with a minor role in G × E interaction. Fruit Setting of the genotypes should be given higher attention that would help optimize the apple production. Therefore, Jeromine and Red velox comes to be the most stable and high fruit set performance genotypes among others. This study contributes to the understanding of genotype stability under varying climatic conditions, offering substantial recommendations for apple breeding and cultivation strategies in Himachal Pradesh. Biological sciences/Genetics/Genetic interaction Biological sciences/Ecology/Agri ecology Apple Fruit set G x E interaction Stability AMMI Analysis Eberhart and Russell method ANOVA AMMI stability value Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4834856","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":350180225,"identity":"949e135f-d8b9-412f-9e88-70a66d457e1f","order_by":0,"name":"Neha Mishra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Physical Sciences Amity university Punjab Mohali India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Neha","middleName":"","lastName":"Mishra","suffix":""},{"id":350180226,"identity":"a20d833f-1bff-46f8-9574-efaffec617fc","order_by":1,"name":"Rakesh Gupta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Basic Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rakesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Gupta","suffix":""},{"id":350180227,"identity":"7dae70f6-55a0-4ddc-a6bd-f9d03b647946","order_by":2,"name":"Ashu Chandel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Basic Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ashu","middleName":"","lastName":"Chandel","suffix":""},{"id":350180228,"identity":"d9efe81c-b144-4e31-ba5a-4701f47edb0c","order_by":3,"name":"Subhash Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Social Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Subhash","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":350180229,"identity":"35e74328-0cd1-4323-8156-6163ebc30f34","order_by":4,"name":"Pramod Verma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Fruit Science Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pramod","middleName":"","lastName":"Verma","suffix":""},{"id":350180230,"identity":"7637ccf8-5670-4e4f-ba16-a94e63ea7fa6","order_by":5,"name":"Hukam Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Environmental Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hukam","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":350180231,"identity":"8bdd6c4b-394a-4c43-b03e-71e2e7317cf4","order_by":6,"name":"Geeta Verma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Basic Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Geeta","middleName":"","lastName":"Verma","suffix":""},{"id":350180232,"identity":"908e6b9b-f2ca-44c7-b4af-5943dacbc32a","order_by":7,"name":"Diksha Rana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Amity university Punjab Mohali India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Diksha","middleName":"","lastName":"Rana","suffix":""},{"id":350180233,"identity":"ee6d641b-7ebb-4d35-9803-e348d9c7c309","order_by":8,"name":"Samriti Pathania","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Social Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samriti","middleName":"","lastName":"Pathania","suffix":""},{"id":350180234,"identity":"9ca1e971-8b01-4876-b0fb-f3b30785bb7b","order_by":9,"name":"Chinglembi Laishram","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcYGBoYCBh4GCeYDIK4MkVoMQFrYEkBcHiK0gAgDsGIQyUBYC//s5raHXwzsZORn93x+daPGgoeB/fDRDXgtuXOw3VjGIJnH4M7ZbdY5x4AO40lLu4FPi4FEYpu0hAEzj4FE7jbjHDagFgkeM2K01PPIz8h5Zpzzj0gtkh8MDvMw3MhhfpzbRoQWiRtAWxgMjvMY3EgzY87tk+BhI+QX/hnpzyR/VFTby89Ifvw551udHD/74WN4tYAAMzQu2MBxxEZIOQgw/oBq/UCM6lEwCkbBKBh5AAAGP0FAXr3lHAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Social Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chinglembi","middleName":"","lastName":"Laishram","suffix":""},{"id":350180235,"identity":"3239f1fb-76a7-4370-ac58-bf7f7d6f39cc","order_by":10,"name":"Tanvi Rajput","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Environmental Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tanvi","middleName":"","lastName":"Rajput","suffix":""},{"id":350180236,"identity":"3245589d-3dfd-469c-8c33-e817e3405913","order_by":11,"name":"Shubham Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Environmental Sciences Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan Himachal Pradesh India","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shubham","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-31 10:52:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4834856/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4834856/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":73031639,"identity":"46089173-5317-4338-890e-a36642254f8a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-06 06:09:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":468066,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FruitsetNewPaper21.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4834856/v1_covered_5aa6a5a6-8454-4059-91e1-5950e30da435.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An investigation into the Performance of Apple Genotypes: A Parametric Assessment of Fruit Setting in the Orchards of Himachal Pradesh","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Apple, Fruit set, G x E interaction, Stability, AMMI Analysis, Eberhart and Russell method, ANOVA, AMMI stability value ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4834856/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4834856/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Climate change continues to alter the traditional apple-growing environments. This change in environment prompts a thorough examination of fruit setting behavior, which is a key component in productivity. The study aimed to identify suitable high density apple genotypes with stable fruit setting behavior. The apple genotypes are evaluated over a duration of two years, 2021–2023 in different environments. The stable apple genotypes for percent fruit set were identified using Eberhart and Russell and AMMI Model. The stability parameters of Eberhart and Russell stability model indicates jeromine as a stable genotype. The interaction items in AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interactions) analysis of variance cut across interaction principal components IPC1 and IPC2. The recommended genotypes for each region include Redlum Gala for Zone I; Gale Gala for Zone II; and Jeromine, Red Velox, and Super Chief have stability in Zone III. Based on AMMI Stability Value, Jeromine and Red Velox are the most stable genotypes with a minor role in G × E interaction. Fruit Setting of the genotypes should be given higher attention that would help optimize the apple production. Therefore, Jeromine and Red velox comes to be the most stable and high fruit set performance genotypes among others. This study contributes to the understanding of genotype stability under varying climatic conditions, offering substantial recommendations for apple breeding and cultivation strategies in Himachal Pradesh.","manuscriptTitle":"An investigation into the Performance of Apple Genotypes: A Parametric Assessment of Fruit Setting in the Orchards of Himachal Pradesh","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-09-06 04:45:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4834856/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4ef6814c-8918-48ca-8c39-14b9f0da8f11","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 6th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":37177028,"name":"Biological sciences/Genetics/Genetic interaction"},{"id":37177029,"name":"Biological sciences/Ecology/Agri ecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-06T06:08:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-09-06 04:45:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4834856","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4834856","identity":"rs-4834856","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}