A Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology based on Agile

A Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology based on Agile | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology based on Agile Kristo Radion Purba, Rusyaizila Ramli This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1985368/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Existing software development methodologies were mostly focused on team-based development. Solo development presents its own challenges due to the lack of collaboration and resources. Existing solo development methodologies lacked efficiency, modularity, and revisitability, which become the values for the proposed RSSD (Rapid Solo Software Development) methodology. RSSD adopts the same main phases from the Agile methodology (meet, plan, design, develop, test, and evaluate), but with different subphases, values, and optimization measures. The efficiency value focuses on streamlining the planning process, including code structure planning and optimization strategies. Modularity focuses on dividing the codes into smaller functions and reducing dependencies. Lastly, revisitability focuses on improving the clarity of the diagrams, documentation, and code structure for easy revisits. The RSSD methodology was tested on 10 total projects, and respondents agreed that it was helpful to streamline the development process, with an average score of 4.19 out of 5.0. This study contributes to making a streamlined yet effective methodology that helps solo software developers to plan a project in a more structured manner. Software development Methodology Agile methodology Solo software development Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 1. Introduction Many methodologies have been developed for software development, but most of them are for team-based development instead of for solo developers. Solo developers include freelancers, developers in small companies, and students on final-year projects. Many solo developers prefer freelance work due to the flexibility of timing and project cost; however, self-managing the project structure is challenging (White, 2015). Students on final year projects have a similar challenge in doing the project systematically (Hassani et al., 2018). Furthermore, a survey showed that 60% of software companies started their activities with a solo developer (Pagotto et al., 2016). Thus, a practical, systematic, and rapid solo software development methodology is required. Various solo software development methodologies have been proposed, such as Personal Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum Solo, and a more recent Secure-SSDM (Moyo & Mnkandla, 2019). However, they lacked important aspects, namely efficiency, modularity, and revisitability. There are methodologies for team-based development, such as Agile and Waterfall, but they have complexities and collaboration elements which are not applicable for solo development. This paper aims to build the RSSD (Rapid Solo Software Development) methodology, with three main values, i.e., efficient , modular , and revisitable . The following research questions were studied, i.e., (Q1) What are the phases, subphases, values, and optimization measures of the RSSD methodology? (Q2) How does RSSD help solo developers during the development process? (Q3) What are the challenges faced by the respondents during the development using RSSD? The rest of the paper is organized as follows; literature review on common software development methodologies, research methodology, phases and values of RSSD, evaluation, and conclusion. 2. Literature Review This section discusses the common team-based and solo software development methodologies, including Agile, Waterfall, and their derivatives. 2.1 Agile Methodology and Its Derivatives Agile-based Software development methodologies are rapidly expanding (Flora et al., 2014), with many derivations such as XP, Scrum, Kanban, Lean and Crystal (Kumar et al., 2019). These methodologies were focused on team-based development. Agile is also well-known for mobile software development due to its iterations and ability to adapt to challenges such as input technology, usability, user interface design, portability and security (Shaydulin & Sybrandt, 2017). Extreme programming (XP) allows developers to work closely with customers and works best on short-period projects. Customers define their initial requirement through an index card and then see the system in progress. The Scrum methodology focuses on the empirical processes to allow the team to respond rapidly whenever should there is any change needed (Hron & Obwegeser, 2022). Scrum also applies transparency, where the changes will be seen by every team member and stakeholders. However, such transparency increases the burden on the developers. In Kanban, the team will manage the flow of work using a visual signal to show the continuous flow of improvement and deliveries (Zayat & Senvar, 2020). However, as it relies on visual signals, there is a possibility that team members might interpret tasks wrongly. Another popular Agile methodology is Lean Development. It allows the team to move any tasks that they think are not applicable anymore as they go along the project to save time and money (Kišš & Rossi, 2018). However, this requires experienced team members, and there is a risk involved in removing items. Lastly, the Crystal methodology gives freedom for developers to develop their preferred process as they go (Chaudhari & Joshi, 2021). It focuses on members' interaction. 2.2 Waterfall Methodology The Waterfall methodology consists of linear, non-circular phases, where each phase is taken seriously to avoid issues in the later phases. It consists of five basic phases which are requirement, design, coding, testing and operations (Bogdan-Alexandru et al., 2019). It assumes that there will be no issues throughout the development thus there is no need to return to previous phases. This is very unlikely to happen because clients usually change their requirements throughout the development even though initial agreements were made. 2.3 Solo Development Methodologies One of the latest methodologies for solo development is Secure Solo Software Development Methodology (Secure-SSDM) (Moyo & Mnkandla, 2019), which is focused on security and is Agile-based. They also listed existing SSDMs including Freelance as a Team (FAAT), Personal Extreme Programming (PXP1 and PXP2), Go-Scrum, Scrum solo, DeSoftIn and Initial Software Development Method (MIDS) Adaptation. Those SSDMs have common phases, namely Planning, Development and Evaluation (Moyo & Mnkandla, 2019). Personal XP assumes all of the requirements are detailed during the planning and does not expect them to be changed during the project. Other SSDMs are more flexible in editing the requirements during the development. Such flexibility can be a problem for solo development due to the lack of resources. 2.4 Comparison of Methodologies Overall, the waterfall methodology is more strict compared to the Agile-based methodologies. Agile and its derivatives are more realistic, streamlined, and flexible compared to other methodologies. Team-based methodologies have collaboration elements which are not applicable for solo projects. There are few Agile methodologies for solo development. Personal XP has a detailed planning process, and Secure-SSDM includes security aspects. However, existing solo methodologies lacked efficiency (such as code optimization and streamlined planning process), modularity (making modular codes), and revisitability (ability to revisit the codes). 3. Research Methodology There were four phases of this research, i.e. preparation, data collection, aggregation, and finalization, as seen in Fig. 1 . The data was collected from 7 (seven) expert solo software developers which are described in Table 1 . In total, 10 projects were developed using RSSD. Table 1 Respondents (Developers) # Country Type of Developed Software D1 Australia Information systems D2 Indonesia Information systems D3 Taiwan Mobile games D4 Malaysia Games D5 Indonesia Information systems D6 Netherland Mobile applications D7 Malaysia Mobile applications During the preparation phase , the RSSD was designed, and we explained the methodology to professional solo software developers in an open-ended discussion. In the data collection phase , the developers were asked to use RSSD in their upcoming projects, and they will record their timelines accordingly. This phase was carried out for 11 months. After that, we collected the feedback from the developers in the aggregation phase , which was then used to finalize the RSSD methodology. 4. Phases Of Rssd Methodology The Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology is summarized in Fig. 2 . While it uses the same phases as Agile ( Meet , Plan , Design , Develop , Test , Evaluate ), RSSD has different values and subphases. RSSD focuses on the following three values: Efficient , modular and revisitable . The phases and subphases of RSSD are explained below, while the values are explained in Section 5. 4.1. Meet Phase The Meet Phase is the initial meeting between the developer and the stakeholders (or client), and it consists of the following subphases, i.e., discuss , stickman , and list and decide . Here, the developer should create stickman diagrams (simple drawings) that illustrate the features requested by the client to confirm the final scope. This is to avoid communication and cultural barriers (Zarewa, 2019 ). The developer should then write down the features and confirm them before the meeting ends ( list and decide subphase ). 4.2. Plan and Pre-Evaluation Phase The Plan Phase starts with re-evaluating (think, visualize, imagine) the features to decide on the feasibility of the project. Together with that, he/she can do the chunk subphase , which is to create a proposal that consists of the big and small chunks of the project, and the cost breakdown. The proposal will then be proposed to the stakeholders in the pre-evaluation phase . The developer can attach a copy of the draft list and diagrams from the initial meeting as an appendix when necessary. 4.3. Design Phase The design phase consists of diagram and structure subphases. The developer should only draw some diagrams, especially the global diagram(s) and the important procedures. For example, the diagram can be a class diagram for OOP (Object Oriented Programming) projects, ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) if it has a database, and Use Case Diagram for information systems. Examples of the important procedures include the main form, user input form, enemy AI or player controller (for a game), etc. In the structure subphase , developers need to create the functions and class declarations, with some comments on how they intend to use them. The structures should be kept in a separate file, which serves as documentation before the bodies are written. 4.4. Develop Phase In this phase, the developer can create the code body based on the structure that was made in the previous phase. Developers can cycle through the subphases when necessary, i.e., code body , integrate , and verify . The integrate subphase is to connect different functions and classes, where one has to ensure that the output of a function is compatible with the input of another related function. Since RSSD adopts modular as a value, the functions should be able to be verified ( verify subphase ) individually, with as few dependencies as possible. 4.5. Test Phase The test phase includes test and optimize subphases . Developers should test each of the functions using different test cases, as bugs usually happen when a function doesn't produce an expected result for certain inputs. Testing a function extensively using the black box method (using test cases without looking at the internal structure of the unit) is a prefered choice compared to using mathematical proof which is impractical in many cases (Clermont & Parnas, 2005 ). In addition, developers should optimize the codes to ensure the longevity of the program. For example, optimizations of SQL queries (Győrödi et al., 2021 ), arrays and loops (Sarma, 2015 ), have been proven to significantly improve the application's performance as the number of users grows. 4.6. Evaluate and Maintenance Phase The Evaluate Phase consists of three subphases, i.e. discuss with stakeholders, demonstrate the software, and collect feedback, which can happen in multiple meetings. The developer also needs to do the Maintenance phase at the same time to fix bugs and change features as needed. In these phases , the developer needs to maintain a good relationship with the stakeholders by setting a suitable threshold of the willingness to do reworks on features, especially for minor changes. However, major changes should be discussed as they should incur additional costs. As for fixing bugs, the costs should not be borne by the client. The developer needs to put up around 50–75% of the total costs for maintenance (Koskinen et al., 2003 ). 5. Values And Optimization Measures Of Rssd Methodology Cycles during the development process are always inevitable, such as fixing bugs and changing features. Skipping proper planning can lead to disagreements and more cycles. They can include wrong scope interpretations and conflicting contract clauses, which in turn cause stringent relationships with stakeholders (Butt et al., 2016 ). The examples of project changes and causes in software development are summarized in Table 2 . The RSSD methodology, which focuses on being rapid, aims to minimize these cycles by making sure that each phase of the development is anchored to the three RSSD values; efficient, modular, revisitable . In each value, multiple optimization measures can be implemented to further enhance the software development process. 5.1. Efficient In the Meet Phase , anchoring the initial agreement on both visuals ( stickman diagram ) and text (draft list of features) help to reduce potential disagreements. When writing a proposal in the Plan Phase , developers need to understand the difficulty of the project, which translates to costs breakdown, by identifying the big and small chunks of the program. Ideally, this has to be recorded in a formal contract form, or at least a non-erasable written conversation. The Design Phase includes designing UML diagrams to help developers to develop the software in a systematic way (Hafeez et al., 2020 ), and the same goes for the code structure. This means making the declaration of classes and functions before doing the code body, as much as possible. Developers can do this partially while consecutively doing the Develop Phase because sometimes it's hard to visualize the whole idea before doing an implementation. Similarly, integrating codes can be done partially after the code structure and body. Table 2 Examples of Project Changes in Software Development Change Cause Example Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts Overestimation Development turns out to be much simpler Developer gains time and money benefit It can cause trust issues. Developers can offer a compensation. Underestimation • Development turns out to be too complicated • The system lags because there are more users than expected • Scope was not defined clearly. During evaluation, the stakeholders expect more. Developer needs to spend more time, while the initial budget might be underestimated. • Deadline missed • Requesting for additional budget is not recommended unless there's a clear justification. Emergence of new technology Developer decides to make X from scratch because such free library did not exist; it exists then. Developer has wasted the time on development. Stakeholders feel that the development cost should've been lower. Unawareness of technology Developer does not realize that there's an easier way to develop X, he/she uses a complicated one. Developer has wasted the time on development. Stakeholders feel that the development cost should've been lower. Unwillingness to adopt new technology Developer decides to use an existing technology that he/she has been using for many years, despite being aware of the problems of it. In the long run, vulnerability or stability issues can rise. Not communicating such issue during the initial stage can cause trust issues. Changes of features during development Stakeholders want to add/remove features due to new policies (Cáliz et al., 2016 ) or ideas (Assi et al., 2021 ). Ideally, the features have to be detailed during initial meeting. Developer spends more time to adapt the changes. Additional cost must be discussed. Being flexible as a developer helps him/her to gain more trust from existing and new clients. Unexpected events Hard drive corruptions, stability issues or wrong calculation results during live testing (Coulon et al., 2013 ), laptop got stolen. • Need to fix the bugs quickly. • Need to redo some works. Can cause trust issues, especially when stakeholders feel like it's just an excuse. Solo developers don't typically need a lot of diagrams, and some UML diagrams might overlap in functionality with each other. A flowchart is also a good option to briefly sketch out a program (Winnie, 2021 ), but not very helpful for complicated codes. Here is the list of UML diagrams, ordered from the most important (Reggio et al., 2014 ): Sequence, class, use case, state machine, activity. In the Test phase , developers should optimize the code as much as possible. Practically, this includes the following optimizations (but not limited to), i.e., time complexity (loops, recursions, number of instructions), space complexity (number of variables, arrays, constant folding) (Sarma, 2015 ), and SQL query optimizations (when applicable). Time complexity optimization is especially important if the code complexity is N 2 or above. Lastly, in the Evaluate Phase , the developer needs to refer to the original contract when demonstrating the software. 5.2. Modular The final product should be modular, i.e., divided into small functions as much as possible. Skipping careful planning can lead to messy codes after several updates or revisits, especially when adding and removing features (Hare & Kaplan, 2017 ). In the Plan phase , developers can start to think of ways to split the code into small chunks. In the Develop (and Design ) phase, the following aspects have to be taken care of when designing the code structure to ensure modularity (Litzsinger & Riddle, 2002 ) (Sankaranarayanan & Kulkarni, 2013 ) (Sierra & Bates, 2014 ): 1. Reduce complexity: Break down complex problems. Avoid deeply nested and complex logic; code should be separated into functions. 2. Increase flexibility: Make a flexible structure, such as using a global variable or database value for elements that need to be adjusted frequently. 3. Eliminate repetition: Do not repeat codes, such as by grouping codes into functions. 4. Reduce dependency: Make functions less dependent on global variables. In the Test phase , each function should be tested using multiple test cases to prevent bugs. Each function should be able to be tested individually as much as possible, without having to preset any variables. 5.3. Revisitable A software project can typically last for 3–12 months (Aguilar et al., 2014 ), and even up to 2–3 years for a solo development. Revisiting the code after months can present a challenge to understanding the code. In the Plan and Pre-Evaluation Phase , the final list of features and budget breakdown have to be made and understandable by both parties, which includes the project timeline, architectural design, requirement specification, and testing process (Debbiche et al., 2019 ). Some technical aspects have to be included, which helps in solving possible disagreements, especially the types of algorithms and tools. Stakeholders might expect newer algorithms (encryption method, compression algorithm, machine learning or AI method, etc.) or newer tools (library version, language version, database technology, protocols, API version, etc.). In the Develop (and Design ) phase, codes should be easily revisited by considering the following aspects: 1. Comments Optimization: Add proper code comments to ensure comprehension (Rani et al., 2021 ). In the early stages of development, developers typically rush to complete the task, with no time to write proper comments. They can revisit the codes as early as possible to correct the comments, including documentation comments for languages like Java. 2. Readability Optimization: To ensure that codes are understandable (Holzmann, 2016 ) and self-explanatory (Lawrie et al., 2006 ). Using English language for the identifier namings and comments is preferable, to easily transfer the code to another developer or to upload the code to code-sharing platforms. 3. OOP Optimization: Important points for object-oriented programming (OOP) include keeping variable scope as small as possible, avoiding designing class with no methods, making use of overloading, avoiding long arguments list, using getters/setters (Sierra & Bates, 2014 ) In the Test, Evaluate and Maintenance phases, any logic changes have to be documented in the code comments. For example, the initial code has a complexity of N 2 , and this code has been released. The developer then realized that it can be reduced, so some logic was changed later. The comments on what was changed and when are helpful to identify potential failures in future test cases. Additionally, a Version Control system with an appropriate interval between commits helps developers to learn from mistakes. Lastly, in the Evaluate phase , the developer needs to create a checklist based on the initial contract. The final agreement has to be recorded in written form. 6. Evaluation For Rssd Development Phases The RSSD methodology was tested by the respondents (software developers) in 10 projects. The project timeline is shown in Table 3 . On average, the proportion of each phase of RSSD is shown in Fig. 3 . The evaluation and maintenance phase was the largest part of the project, reaching 42.1% of the total project, while the development phase was the second largest (35.09%). Table 3 RSSD Implementation Result on the Software Development Timeline Case # Dev # Software Name Language Total Days Development Duration (% of total days) Meet * Plan & Pre-Ev Design Develop Test Eval. & Maint.** C1 D1 Academic information system PHP + JS 194 7.7 (2) 4.6 5.2 35.1 5.7 41.8 (6) C2 D1 Data analytics for eCommerce PHP + JS 202 8.9 (3) 5 6.4 30.2 4 45.5 (4) C3 D2 Clinic information system PHP + JS (Laravel) 129 5.4(2) 6.2 5.4 34.9 3.9 44.2 (5) C4 D2 Dental clinic system PHP + JS (Laravel) 115 8.7 (2) 7 5.2 29.6 5.2 44.3 (4) C5 D3 Casual game Unity C# 130 5.4(2) 6.9 5.4 26.9 9.2 46.2 (3) C6 D4 Online poker game Unity C# 256 5.5 (2) 4.3 2.7 31.3 6.3 50 (10) C7 D5 Point of sales (metal industry) PHP + JS 175 0.6(1) 4.6 4.6 38.9 5.1 46.3 (6) C8 D5 Point of sales (cafe) PHP + JS 154 4.5(2) 5.2 5.8 46.8 6.5 31.2 (3) C9 D6 Health mobile app HTML + JS (Cordova) 199 10.6 (5) 6 5.5 40.7 5 32.2 (4) C10 D7 Attendance system Android & Web 178 9 (3) 4.5 5.6 36.5 5.1 39.3 (7) Average 173.2 6.63% 5.43% 5.18% 35.09% 5.6% 42.10% * Meet phase : Duration (number of meetings). The Meet and Plan phases were sometimes prolonged due to the stakeholder's availability. ** Evaluation and Maintenance phase: Duration (number of meetings): The evaluation phase starts from the first time the final draft was handed over to the stakeholder The maintenance phase is based on 30 days cut-off period, where if there is no updates from the stakeholders, the (major) maintenance period is considered over. In addition, a post-interview was also conducted to measure the success of RSSD. The survey questions are listed in Table 4 , while the result is listed in Table 5 . Each question was answered using the Likert scale (1–5). The overall score of the post-interview was 4.19/5.0, which means that the respondents agreed that RSSD was helpful. The question Po1 scores 4.30/5.0, which means RSSD helped in streamlining the development process. The results for each phase are discussed below. Table 4 Post-Interview Questions (Quantitative) # Dev. Phase Interview Question Scale* Po1 All RSSD methodology helps in streamlining the development process, while maintaining the robustness and scalability of the software 1–5 Po2 Meet Drawing sketches and showing them to the stakeholders were useful 1–5 Po3 Meet The initial meeting went smoothly 1–5 Po4 Plan and Pre-Evaluation The plan phase went smoothly as all information was collected thoroughly during the initial meeting 1–5 Po5 Plan and Pre-Evaluation Identifying the small and big chunk of codes was useful 1–5 Po6 Design Drawing only several diagrams were useful for better planning 1–5 Po7 Design Making code structures before the development were useful 1–5 Po8 Develop The development went smoothly because there was a careful planning 1–5 Po9 Develop The difficulties during the development can be handled well 1–5 Po10 Test Testing the codes with different test cases was useful to ensure stability 1–5 Po11 Test Optimizing codes, such as minimizing loops and arrays, was useful 1–5 Po12 Evaluate The presentation to the stakeholders went smoothly 1–5 Po13 Evaluate The evaluate phase went smoothly, with minimal reworks needed 1–5 Po14 Maintenance Changes during the maintenance phase can be handled well as there were careful plannings beforehand 1–5 * Likert Scale 1–5: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neutral, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree Table 5. Post-Interview Results 6.1. Meet Phase Questions Po2 and Po3 are related to the Meet phase, which produced scores of 4.1 and 4.6 out of 5.0, respectively. Respondent D7 stated that drawing sketches ( Po2 ) were sometimes not doable when the meeting time is short. 6.2. Plan and Pre-Evaluation Phase The questions Po4 and Po5 are related to the Plan Phase , which produced scores of 4.2 and 4.0 out of 5.0, respectively. Based on Po4 , the respondents agreed that the Plan phase was smooth. Respondent D7 highlighted that identifying the big and small chunks during this phase ( Po5 ) is useful. Respondent D4 stated that project C6 was smooth during the initial meeting. However, there were disagreements about the online system during the Plan phase as there were overlooked aspects during the meeting. It should've been better planned. 6.3. Design Phase For the design phase , based on Po6 and Po7 , the respondents generally agreed that creating diagrams and code structures was helpful in the later phases. As stated by D1 : "…For developing information systems, especially, I found it useful to create the code structure before implementing it, because big projects tend to be messier the longer it goes…" (D1) Respondents D2 and D3 highlighted that creating diagrams and structure was a bit complicated at first, especially for a medium project for solo developers; however, they were eventually useful: "…As a solo developer, I don't usually create diagrams. However, making some important diagrams (sequence, in my case) helped me to plan my app more systematically, which in turn decreases complications in the end…" (D2) "…The systematic subphases in RSSD really helped me to develop my game more quickly. The initial subphases, such as creating structure and diagrams look complicated for solo development, but it helped me to focus on the codes…" (D3) 6.4. Develop Phase Based on questions Po8 and Po9 , respondents generally agreed that the Develop phase was smooth and difficulties can be handled well. Respondent D4 highlighted that the code structure that was made during the Design Phase was helpful, especially in difficult projects: "…The meeting was smooth, even though I encountered a lot of difficulties during the implementation, especially on the synchronization processes. During the design phase, I planned by making codes structure as suggested. The structure and the diagrams serve as guides as the codes grow tremendously…" (D4) Respondents D5 and D6 also highlighted that the Develop phase was smooth, particularly to develop the software systematically: "…During the development, creating the code structure helps during the integration…" (D5) "…As mainly information systems developers, the detailed subphases of RSSD are very practical. It prevents hassle towards the end of the project. The project is my master thesis, and RSSD has helped me develop the app in a systematic way…" (D6) 6.5. Test Phase The respondents generally agreed that the Test Phase was smooth, based on Po10 and Po11. However, the average score for the Test Phase is the lowest among all the phases, which is 4.0. Some respondents find it useful to do code testing and optimization to prevent mess during the maintenance: "…The methodology has made me realize the importance of code optimization before the amount of data in the system becomes much larger. I found an inefficient loop in my system that causes the student's grade saving process to be 70% slower. I wish I knew this earlier…" (D1) "…Testing each method individually helped me to quickly identify wrong loops, excessive array usage, inefficient SQL queries, vulnerabilities, etc…" (D7) "…I also constantly made code optimizations as the number of users in the game grows, especially for the socket system and queries, which reduced the database and server load significantly…" (D4) In contrast, respondent D3 stated that code optimization might not be needed for projects that have to be completed quickly, and respondent D5 prefer not to optimize the code because there were only a few users using the software: "…As for the code optimization part, I did that for the enemy AI code that slightly reduced the CPU usage. Even though such optimization might be more critical for information systems or bigger games, as opposed to small games with a quick development cycle, I think it helps to reduce the complexity of codes, especially for revisits…" (D3) "…During the test phase, I successfully tested the methods using different test cases. However, for optimization, I only did some SQL query optimization, because I think the app will still work fine with just a few concurrent users…" (D5) 6.6. Evaluate and Maintenance Phase Based on Po12 , Po13 , and Po14 , the Evaluate and Maintenance phases went smoothly with minimal re-works needed due to the careful planning in the earlier phases. Project C6 was a difficult project with the longest project duration (256 days) and the longest Evaluate and Maintenance Phase s (50% of the total project). However, RSSD helped to easier project navigation: "…The evaluate and maintenance phases were still difficult simply because the app is huge with a lot of users involved, which produced a lot of varieties. Still, the plans from the earlier phases have helped me to navigate the project…" (D4) 7. Evaluation For Rssd Values And Optimization Measures RSSD aims to minimize project cycles by doing optimization measures based on the three RSSD values, as discussed in Section 5. The testing result for the optimization measures is shown in Fig. 4 , separated by each value and each optimization measure. Overall, the average implementation score is lower than important (4.52 vs. 4.32, respectively). While these measures are important, sometimes budget and time become the main constraints. In the Meet phase, both the stickman diagram and draft feature list were mostly implemented, even though the stickman diagram was considered as not as important as the draft list. This was due to, in some meetings, the developers didn’t have a large screen to project the diagram and the list. In the Plan and Pre-Evaluation phases, developers generally agreed that the measures are important and have been implemented, except for item Vq4 . The developers argued that for the Plan phase, listing the big chunks is enough to start the project and estimate the budget. In the Design phase, Vq7 (UML diagram) fell into the range of 3.0–4.0 for the implementation score, which is very different from the importance score (4.13). As solo developers, the respondents feel that they can directly start a project without having any diagrams, even though the RSSD document already mentioned that only some necessary UML diagrams are needed. Despite so, the average importance of UML diagrams is higher for information systems (project C1, C3, C7, C8, C10) compared to other types of projects, which is 4.4 vs. 3.67, respectively. Two respondents (projects C4 and C5) answered n.a. for Vq7 , and these two projects were the shortest in duration among others. These facts indicate that UML diagrams are still necessary for longer projects, especially for information systems. The importance of making functions structure ( Vq8 ) was also rated as very important, and it was very well implemented. However, the class structure ( Vq9 ) fell into the range of 3.0–4.0 for implementation even though it was considered very important. This was because expert developers can start the development without much planning. For Vq9 , since most projects are not OOP-based, six respondents answered n.a. In the Develop phase, all the optimization measures were considered very important. Interestingly, some time-consuming measures ( Vq12 , Vq14 , Vq15 ) fell into the range of 3.0–4.0 for implementation . These measures are important for the longevity of a project, especially when there will be many changes. However, most projects were limited by time and budget constraints. Developer D1 also mentioned that these measures, especially to increase flexibility, are useful for adapting previous projects to a new one. In the Test phase, the optimization measures are aimed at reducing time and space complexity. All measures ( Vq18 to Vq27 ) were rated as very important, except for constant folding ( Vq23 ). Compared to other optimization measures, constant folding is a less popular technique and might not be available on all compilers. The optimization of the number of variables and arrays ( Vq21 and Vq22 ) was rated the highest among others. SQL query optimization ( Vq24 ), on the other hand, has a high importance score (4.88) but is slightly lower in implementation score (4.38). According to the respondents, this is because optimizing queries is trickier compared to optimizing other aspects. Lastly, in the Evaluation and Maintenance phases, the optimizations measures are rated as very important. However, while documenting code changes ( Vq28 ) is very important, some developers were reluctant to do it because, by the time they reach the maintenance phase , they were usually busy with new projects, with not much time to focus on previous projects. 8. Conclusion Overall, the proposed RSSD methodology was well accepted by the respondents. Compared to Agile, it has different subphases to cater for the need for rapid solo development. Additionally, RSSD follows the following values: Efficient , modular , and revisitable . Each value has its own optimization measures. According to the testing results, important optimization measures include reducing complexity and eliminating repetition during the Develop phase, optimizing variables and arrays in the Test phase, testing with test cases during both the Develop and Test phases, etc. The developers agreed that following the whole RSSD process is useful to prevent various future problems. However, there were constraints, such as (1) Limited time in the initial meeting, which leads to some overlooked aspects; (2) Some projects have a limited timeframe, thus creating diagrams and structure during the design phase is challenging; (3) Some developers decided not to do a thorough code optimization because the project is small or have a limited budget; and (4) Maintenance phase can be challenging because the developers will have new projects by that time. In future works, researchers can contribute by enriching the values and the phases in software development. Certain aspects of the methodology can be categorized, such as different phases for different software types and scopes. Declarations CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest. Author Contributions All authors were involved in the whole discussion, initiative, and final review process. Kristo Radion Purba wrote the main manuscript text, except for Chapter 2. Rusyaizila Ramli wrote Chapter 2 of the manuscript. FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. References Aguilar, J., Sanchez, M., Fernandez-y-Fernandez, C., Rocha, E., Martinez, D., & Figueroa, J. (2014). The size of software projects developed by Mexican companies. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:1408.1068 . Assi, I., Tailakh, R., & Sayyad, A. (2021). Survey on Software Changes: Reasons and Remedies. International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 18 , 248. https://doi.org/10.34028/iajit/18/2/14 Bogdan-Alexandru, A., Andrei-Cosmin, C.-P., Sorin-Catalin, G., & Costin-Anton,, BOIANGIU. (2019). A Study On Using Waterfall And Agile Methods In Software Project Management. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT . Butt, A., Naaranoja, M., & Savolainen, J. (2016). Project change stakeholder communication. International Journal of Project Management, 34 , 1579–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.08.010 Cáliz, D., Samaniego, G., & Cáliz, R. (2016). Methodological Proposal of Policies and Procedures for Quality Assurance in Information Systems for Software Development Companies Based on CMMI. Journal of Software, 11 , 230–241. https://doi.org/10.17706/jsw.11.3.230-241 Chaudhari, A. R., & Joshi, S. D. (2021). Study of effect of Agile software development Methodology on Software Development Process. 2021 Second International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) , 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICESC51422.2021.9532842 Clermont, M., & Parnas, D. (2005). Using information about functions in selecting test cases. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Advances in Model-Based Testing, A-MOST ’05 , 30 . https://doi.org/10.1145/1083274.1083276 Coulon, T., Barki, H., & Pare, G. (2013). Conceptualizing unexpected events in IT projects. International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design , 1 . Debbiche, F., Wrang, M., & Sinkala, K. (2019). Accelerating software delivery in the context of requirements analysis and breakdown for devops: A multiple-case study . Flora, H., Wang, X., & Chande, S. (2014). Adopting an Agile Approach for the Development of Mobile Applications. International Journal of Computer Applications, 94 , 43–50. https://doi.org/10.5120/16454-6199 Győrödi, C., Dumşe-Burescu, D., Gyorodi, R., Zmaranda, D., Livia, B., & Popescu, D. (2021). Performance Impact of Optimization Methods on MySQL Document-Based and Relational Databases. Applied Sciences, 11 , 6794. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156794 Hafeez, A., Khuhro, M., Furqan, M., & Husain, I. (2020). Importance and Impact of Class Diagram in Software Development . Hare, E., & Kaplan, A. (2017). Designing modular software: a case study in introductory statistics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 26 (3), 493–500. Hassani, H., Kadir, G., Al-Salihi, N., Monnet, W., Ali-Yahiya, T., & Alizadeh, F. (2018). Supervision of Undergraduate Final Year Projects in Computing: A Case Study . 8 , 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8040210 Holzmann, G. (2016). Code Clarity. IEEE Software, 33 , 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2016.44 Hron, M., & Obwegeser, N. (2022). Why and how is Scrum being adapted in practice: A systematic review. Journal of Systems and Software, 183 , 111110. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSS.2021.111110 Kišš, F., & Rossi, B. (2018). Agile to Lean Software Development Transformation: A Systematic Literature Review. 2018 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS) , 969–973. Koskinen, J., Lahtonen, H., & Tilus, T. (2003). Software Maintenance Cost Estimation and Modernization Support 6 Approaches for Software Modernization and Its Support . Kumar, R., Maheswary, P., & Malche, T. (2019). Inside Agile Family Software Development Methodologies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING . Lawrie, D., Morrell, C., Feild, H., & Binkley, D. (2006). What’s in a Name? A Study of Identifiers. 14th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC’06) , 3–12. Litzsinger, M. A., & Riddle, M. A. (2002). A Modular Approach to Portable Programming. SAS Conference Proceedings: SAS Users Group International 27 (SUGI 27) . Moyo, S., & Mnkandla, E. (2019). A Metasynthesis of Solo Software Development Methodologies. 2019 International Multidisciplinary Information Technology and Engineering Conference (IMITEC) , 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMITEC45504.2019.9015867 Pagotto, T., Fabri, J. A., Lerario, A., & Goncalves, J. (2016). Scrum solo: Software process for individual development . 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/CISTI.2016.7521555 Rani, P., Birrer, M., Panichella, S., Ghafari, M., & Nierstrasz, O. (2021). What do developers discuss about code comments? 2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) , 153–164. Reggio, G., Leotta, M., & Ricca, F. (2014). Who knows/uses what of the UML: A personal opinion survey. International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems , 149–165. Sankaranarayanan, H., & Kulkarni, P. (2013). Source-to-Source Refactoring and Elimination of Global Variables in C Programs. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 06 , 264–273. https://doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2013.65033 Sarma, A. (2015). New trends and Challenges in Source Code Optimization. International Journal of Computer Applications, 131 , 975–8887. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2015907609 Shaydulin, R., & Sybrandt, J. (2017). To Agile, or not to Agile: A Comparison of Software Development Methodologies. ArXiv , abs/1704.07469 . Sierra, K., & Bates, B. (2014). OCA/OCP Java SE 7 Programmer I & II Study Guide, Exams 1Z0-803 & 1Z0-804 . McGraw-Hill Education Group. White, K. (2015). Freelancing – Are you ready to go solo? Medical Writing, 24 , 140–144. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000309 Winnie, D. (2021). Flowcharting. In Essential Java for AP CompSci: From Programming to Computer Science (pp. 23–27). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6183-5_7 Zarewa, G. (2019). Barriers to Effective Stakeholder Management in the Delivery of Multifarious Infrastructure Projects (MIPs). Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 9 , 85–96. https://doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2019-0010 Zayat, W., & Senvar, O. (2020). Framework Study for Agile Software Development Via Scrum and Kanban. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 17 (04), 2030002. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877020300025 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1985368","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":130880943,"identity":"6463b795-b54d-46be-960e-0867ad6448c1","order_by":0,"name":"Kristo Radion Purba","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQh1gIEfSZCZOC2SDQyMDaRpMThArBbJ2QfYHvPuuSNvfP7w8QcfdzDI8zfwGBvg0yLNl8BuzPPsmeG2G2mJjTPPMBjOOMBjnIBPixwPA5s0z4HDjNtu8Bg287YxMG5g4DE+QIwW+839Z8Ba7AlqkYZqSdzAkAPWkgjSgtdhkj2M7YZzDjxLngH0y8yZbRLJMw6zFeP1vsQZ5mMP3hy4Y9vff/jAh49tNrb97c2bJfBpYWBgbEMxglCsgAEbYSWjYBSMglEwsgEAUJxFESger7IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Southampton Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kristo","middleName":"Radion","lastName":"Purba","suffix":""},{"id":130880944,"identity":"9c996097-896a-4918-ac79-90b83bab2447","order_by":1,"name":"Rusyaizila Ramli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Southampton Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rusyaizila","middleName":"","lastName":"Ramli","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-08-22 08:29:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1985368/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1985368/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":25718889,"identity":"1d00bea3-bd14-4406-8a99-07af89fcbb5f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-26 16:59:48","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":87785,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eResearch Methodology\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1985368/v1/dcf363a7a26eb2e873bc3f03.png"},{"id":25718890,"identity":"50852f6a-36b4-4638-b6bc-ecde7903d894","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-26 16:59:48","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":103094,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1985368/v1/1e2c6ff11801b460aa5ddd4a.png"},{"id":25718887,"identity":"c23fc75c-0411-4acb-9dd2-c8faa815130a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-26 16:59:47","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":36449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAverage Proportion of Each Phase of RSSD\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1985368/v1/45c751841fe8818eca30c441.png"},{"id":25719771,"identity":"781b23e0-66c4-41a9-918f-dab008491707","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-08-26 17:04:47","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":42896,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvaluation for RSSD Values and Optimization Measures. The questions were answered for each project. For each question, the developer should answer whether it is not applicable (shown as n.a., and the number shows the count of it), how important it is in the project (shown as Likert scale 1-5; 1=not important, 2=less important, 3=neutral, 4=important, 5=very important), and how much it is implemented in the project (shown as Likert scale 1-5; 1=not implemented, 2=less implemented, 3=implemented, 4=well implemented, 5=very well implemented).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1985368/v1/c03bc9276578f1cbdef5f467.png"},{"id":33646615,"identity":"8fa43fb0-c35b-420e-b1a2-8e366f263fe9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-01 19:59:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":695453,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1985368/v1/c6d6bc3a-ce93-4f0d-b912-acf4d66c212a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology based on Agile","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eMany methodologies have been developed for software development, but most of them are for team-based development instead of for solo developers. Solo developers include freelancers, developers in small companies, and students on final-year projects. Many solo developers prefer freelance work due to the flexibility of timing and project cost; however, self-managing the project structure is challenging (White, 2015).\u0026nbsp;Students on final year projects have a similar challenge in doing the project systematically (Hassani et al., 2018). Furthermore, a survey showed that 60% of software companies started their activities with a solo developer (Pagotto et al., 2016).\u0026nbsp;Thus, a practical, systematic, and rapid solo software development methodology is required.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVarious solo software development methodologies have been proposed, such as Personal Extreme Programming (XP), Scrum Solo, and\u0026nbsp;a more recent Secure-SSDM\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e(Moyo \u0026amp; Mnkandla, 2019).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eHowever, they lacked important aspects, namely efficiency, modularity, and revisitability.\u0026nbsp;There are methodologies for team-based development, such as Agile and Waterfall, but they have complexities and collaboration elements which are not applicable for solo development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis paper aims to build the RSSD (Rapid Solo Software Development)\u0026nbsp;methodology, with three main values, i.e., \u003cem\u003eefficient\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003emodular\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003erevisitable\u003c/em\u003e. The following research questions were studied, i.e., (Q1) What are the phases, subphases, values, and optimization measures of the RSSD methodology? (Q2) How does RSSD help solo developers during the development process? (Q3) What are the challenges faced by the respondents during the development using RSSD?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the paper is organized as follows; literature review on common software development methodologies, research methodology, phases and values of RSSD, evaluation, and conclusion.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2.\tLiterature Review","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis section discusses the common team-based and solo software development methodologies, including Agile, Waterfall, and their derivatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.1 Agile Methodology and Its Derivatives\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgile-based Software development methodologies are rapidly expanding (Flora et al., 2014), with many derivations such as XP, Scrum, Kanban, Lean and Crystal\u0026nbsp;(Kumar et al., 2019). These methodologies were focused on team-based development.\u0026nbsp;Agile is also well-known for mobile software development due to its iterations and ability to adapt to challenges such as input technology, usability, user interface design, portability and security (Shaydulin \u0026amp; Sybrandt, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtreme programming (XP) allows developers to work closely with customers and works best on short-period projects. Customers define their initial requirement through an index card and then see the system in progress. The Scrum methodology focuses on the empirical processes to allow the team to respond rapidly whenever should there is any change needed (Hron \u0026amp; Obwegeser, 2022). Scrum also applies transparency, where the changes will be seen by every team member and stakeholders. However, such transparency increases the burden on the developers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Kanban, the team will manage the flow of work using a visual signal to show the continuous flow of improvement and deliveries (Zayat \u0026amp; Senvar, 2020). However, as it relies on visual signals, there is a possibility that team members might interpret tasks wrongly. Another popular Agile methodology is Lean Development. It allows the team to move any tasks that they think are not applicable anymore as they go along the project to save time and money (Ki\u0026scaron;\u0026scaron; \u0026amp; Rossi, 2018). However, this requires experienced team members, and there is a risk involved in removing items. Lastly, the Crystal methodology gives freedom for developers to develop their preferred process as they go (Chaudhari \u0026amp; Joshi, 2021). It focuses on members\u0026apos; interaction.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Waterfall Methodology\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Waterfall methodology consists of linear, non-circular phases, where each phase is taken seriously to avoid issues in the later phases. It consists of five basic phases which are requirement, design, coding, testing and operations (Bogdan-Alexandru et al., 2019). \u0026nbsp;It assumes that there will be no issues throughout the development thus there is no need to return to previous phases. This is very unlikely to happen because clients usually change their requirements throughout the development even though initial agreements were made.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Solo Development Methodologies\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the latest methodologies for solo development is Secure Solo Software Development Methodology (Secure-SSDM) (Moyo \u0026amp; Mnkandla, 2019), which is focused on security and is Agile-based. They also listed existing SSDMs including Freelance as a Team (FAAT), Personal Extreme Programming (PXP1 and PXP2), Go-Scrum, Scrum solo, DeSoftIn and Initial Software Development Method (MIDS) Adaptation. Those SSDMs have common phases, namely Planning, Development and Evaluation (Moyo \u0026amp; Mnkandla, 2019). Personal XP assumes all of the requirements are detailed during the planning and does not expect them to be changed during the project. Other SSDMs are more flexible in editing the requirements during the development. Such flexibility can be a problem for solo development due to the lack of resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4 Comparison of Methodologies\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, the waterfall methodology is more strict compared to the Agile-based methodologies. Agile and its derivatives are more realistic, streamlined, and flexible compared to other methodologies. Team-based methodologies have collaboration elements which are not applicable for solo projects. There are few Agile methodologies for solo development. Personal XP has a detailed planning process, and Secure-SSDM includes security aspects. However, existing solo methodologies lacked efficiency (such as code optimization and streamlined planning process), modularity (making modular codes), and revisitability (ability to revisit the codes). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Research Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThere were four phases of this research, i.e. preparation, data collection, aggregation, and finalization, as seen in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The data was collected from 7 (seven) expert solo software developers which are described in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. In total, 10 projects were developed using RSSD.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespondents (Developers)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e#\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of Developed Software\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndonesia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaiwan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMobile games\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalaysia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGames\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndonesia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetherland\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMobile applications\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalaysia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMobile applications\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the \u003cem\u003epreparation phase\u003c/em\u003e, the RSSD was designed, and we explained the methodology to professional solo software developers in an open-ended discussion. In the \u003cem\u003edata collection phase\u003c/em\u003e, the developers were asked to use RSSD in their upcoming projects, and they will record their timelines accordingly. This phase was carried out for 11 months. After that, we collected the feedback from the developers in the \u003cem\u003eaggregation phase\u003c/em\u003e, which was then used to finalize the RSSD methodology.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Phases Of Rssd Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology is summarized in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. While it uses the same phases as Agile (\u003cem\u003eMeet\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePlan\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDesign\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDevelop\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTest\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEvaluate\u003c/em\u003e), RSSD has different values and subphases. RSSD focuses on the following three values: \u003cem\u003eEfficient\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003emodular\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003erevisitable\u003c/em\u003e. The phases and subphases of RSSD are explained below, while the values are explained in Section 5.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1. Meet Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eMeet Phase\u003c/em\u003e is the initial meeting between the developer and the stakeholders (or client), and it consists of the following subphases, i.e., \u003cem\u003ediscuss\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003estickman\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003elist and decide\u003c/em\u003e. Here, the developer should create \u003cem\u003estickman diagrams\u003c/em\u003e (simple drawings) that illustrate the features requested by the client to confirm the final scope. This is to avoid communication and cultural barriers (Zarewa, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The developer should then write down the features and confirm them before the meeting ends (\u003cem\u003elist and decide subphase\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2. Plan and Pre-Evaluation Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003ePlan Phase\u003c/em\u003e starts with \u003cem\u003ere-evaluating\u003c/em\u003e (think, visualize, imagine) the features to decide on the feasibility of the project. Together with that, he/she can do the \u003cem\u003echunk subphase\u003c/em\u003e, which is to create a proposal that consists of the big and small chunks of the project, and the cost breakdown. The proposal will then be proposed to the stakeholders in the \u003cem\u003epre-evaluation phase\u003c/em\u003e. The developer can attach a copy of the draft list and diagrams from the initial meeting as an appendix when necessary.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3. Design Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003edesign phase\u003c/em\u003e consists of \u003cem\u003ediagram\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003estructure\u003c/em\u003e subphases. The developer should only draw some diagrams, especially the global diagram(s) and the important procedures. For example, the diagram can be a class diagram for OOP (Object Oriented Programming) projects, ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) if it has a database, and Use Case Diagram for information systems. Examples of the important procedures include the main form, user input form, enemy AI or player controller (for a game), etc. In the \u003cem\u003estructure subphase\u003c/em\u003e, developers need to create the functions and class declarations, with some comments on how they intend to use them. The structures should be kept in a separate file, which serves as documentation before the bodies are written.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.4. Develop Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this phase, the developer can create the \u003cem\u003ecode body\u003c/em\u003e based on the \u003cem\u003estructure\u003c/em\u003e that was made in the previous phase. Developers can cycle through the \u003cem\u003esubphases\u003c/em\u003e when necessary, i.e., \u003cem\u003ecode body\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eintegrate\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003everify\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eintegrate\u003c/em\u003e subphase is to connect different functions and classes, where one has to ensure that the output of a function is compatible with the input of another related function. Since RSSD adopts \u003cem\u003emodular\u003c/em\u003e as a value, the functions should be able to be verified (\u003cem\u003everify subphase\u003c/em\u003e) individually, with as few dependencies as possible.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.5. Test Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003etest phase\u003c/em\u003e includes \u003cem\u003etest\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eoptimize subphases\u003c/em\u003e. Developers should \u003cem\u003etest\u003c/em\u003e each of the functions using different test cases, as bugs usually happen when a function doesn't produce an expected result for certain inputs. Testing a function extensively using the \u003cem\u003eblack box\u003c/em\u003e method (using test cases without looking at the internal structure of the unit) is a prefered choice compared to using mathematical proof which is impractical in many cases (Clermont \u0026amp; Parnas, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, developers should \u003cem\u003eoptimize\u003c/em\u003e the codes to ensure the longevity of the program. For example, optimizations of SQL queries (Győr\u0026ouml;di et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), arrays and loops (Sarma, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), have been proven to significantly improve the application's performance as the number of users grows.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.6. Evaluate and Maintenance Phase\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eEvaluate Phase\u003c/em\u003e consists of three subphases, i.e. \u003cem\u003ediscuss\u003c/em\u003e with stakeholders, \u003cem\u003edemonstrate\u003c/em\u003e the software, and \u003cem\u003ecollect\u003c/em\u003e feedback, which can happen in multiple meetings. The developer also needs to do the \u003cem\u003eMaintenance phase\u003c/em\u003e at the same time to \u003cem\u003efix\u003c/em\u003e bugs and \u003cem\u003echange\u003c/em\u003e features as needed. In these \u003cem\u003ephases\u003c/em\u003e, the developer needs to maintain a good relationship with the stakeholders by setting a suitable \u003cem\u003ethreshold\u003c/em\u003e of the willingness to do reworks on features, especially for minor changes. However, major changes should be discussed as they should incur additional costs. As for \u003cem\u003efixing\u003c/em\u003e bugs, the costs should not be borne by the client. The developer needs to put up around 50\u0026ndash;75% of the total costs for maintenance (Koskinen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Values And Optimization Measures Of Rssd Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eCycles during the development process are always inevitable, such as fixing bugs and changing features. Skipping proper planning can lead to disagreements and more cycles. They can include wrong scope interpretations and conflicting contract clauses, which in turn cause stringent relationships with stakeholders (Butt et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The examples of project changes and causes in software development are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The RSSD methodology, which focuses on being rapid, aims to minimize these cycles by making sure that each phase of the development is anchored to the three RSSD values; \u003cem\u003eefficient, modular, revisitable\u003c/em\u003e. In each value, multiple optimization measures can be implemented to further enhance the software development process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec15\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.1. Efficient\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eMeet Phase\u003c/em\u003e, anchoring the initial agreement on both visuals (\u003cem\u003estickman diagram\u003c/em\u003e) and text (draft list of features) help to reduce potential disagreements. When writing a proposal in the \u003cem\u003ePlan Phase\u003c/em\u003e, developers need to understand the difficulty of the project, which translates to costs breakdown, by identifying the big and small chunks of the program. Ideally, this has to be recorded in a formal contract form, or at least a non-erasable written conversation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eDesign Phase\u003c/em\u003e includes designing UML diagrams to help developers to develop the software in a systematic way (Hafeez et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e), and the same goes for the code structure. This means making the declaration of classes and functions before doing the code body, as much as possible. Developers can do this partially while consecutively doing the \u003cem\u003eDevelop Phase\u003c/em\u003e because sometimes it\u0026apos;s hard to visualize the whole idea before doing an implementation. Similarly, integrating codes can be done partially after the code structure and body.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab2\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExamples of Project Changes in Software Development\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChange Cause\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExample\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDirect Impacts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndirect Impacts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverestimation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDevelopment turns out to be much simpler\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper gains time and money benefit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt can cause trust issues. Developers can offer a compensation.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnderestimation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Development turns out to be too complicated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; The system lags because there are more users than expected\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Scope was not defined clearly. During evaluation, the stakeholders expect more.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper needs to spend more time, while the initial budget might be underestimated.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Deadline missed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Requesting for additional budget is not recommended unless there\u0026apos;s a clear justification.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergence of new technology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper decides to make X from scratch because such free library did not exist; it exists then.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper has wasted the time on development.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStakeholders feel that the development cost should\u0026apos;ve been lower.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnawareness of technology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper does not realize that there\u0026apos;s an easier way to develop X, he/she uses a complicated one.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper has wasted the time on development.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStakeholders feel that the development cost should\u0026apos;ve been lower.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnwillingness to adopt new technology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper decides to use an existing technology that he/she has been using for many years, despite being aware of the problems of it.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the long run, vulnerability or stability issues can rise.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot communicating such issue during the initial stage can cause trust issues.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChanges of features during development\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStakeholders want to add/remove features due to new policies (C\u0026aacute;liz et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) or ideas (Assi et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Ideally, the features have to be detailed during initial meeting.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeveloper spends more time to adapt the changes. Additional cost must be discussed.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBeing flexible as a developer helps him/her to gain more trust from existing and new clients.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnexpected events\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHard drive corruptions, stability issues or wrong calculation results during live testing (Coulon et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), laptop got stolen.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Need to fix the bugs quickly.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Need to redo some works.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCan cause trust issues, especially when stakeholders feel like it\u0026apos;s just an excuse.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSolo developers don\u0026apos;t typically need a lot of diagrams, and some UML diagrams might overlap in functionality with each other. A flowchart is also a good option to briefly sketch out a program (Winnie, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), but not very helpful for complicated codes. Here is the list of UML diagrams, ordered from the most important (Reggio et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e): Sequence, class, use case, state machine, activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eTest phase\u003c/em\u003e, developers should \u003cem\u003eoptimize\u003c/em\u003e the code as much as possible. Practically, this includes the following optimizations (but not limited to), i.e., time complexity (loops, recursions, number of instructions), space complexity (number of variables, arrays, constant folding) (Sarma, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), and SQL query optimizations (when applicable). Time complexity optimization is especially important if the code complexity is N\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e or above. Lastly, in the \u003cem\u003eEvaluate Phase\u003c/em\u003e, the developer needs to refer to the original contract when demonstrating the software.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec16\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.2. Modular\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe final product should be modular, i.e., divided into small functions as much as possible. Skipping careful planning can lead to messy codes after several updates or revisits, especially when adding and removing features (Hare \u0026amp; Kaplan, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003ePlan phase\u003c/em\u003e, developers can start to think of ways to split the code into small chunks. In the \u003cem\u003eDevelop\u003c/em\u003e (and \u003cem\u003eDesign\u003c/em\u003e) phase, the following aspects have to be taken care of when designing the code \u003cem\u003estructure\u003c/em\u003e to ensure modularity (Litzsinger \u0026amp; Riddle, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2002\u003c/span\u003e) (Sankaranarayanan \u0026amp; Kulkarni, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) (Sierra \u0026amp; Bates, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. Reduce complexity: Break down complex problems. Avoid deeply nested and complex logic; code should be separated into functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. Increase flexibility: Make a flexible structure, such as using a global variable or database value for elements that need to be adjusted frequently.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. Eliminate repetition: Do not repeat codes, such as by grouping codes into functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4. Reduce dependency: Make functions less dependent on global variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eTest phase\u003c/em\u003e, each function should be tested using multiple test cases to prevent bugs. Each function should be able to be tested individually as much as possible, without having to preset any variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec17\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e5.3. Revisitable\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA software project can typically last for 3\u0026ndash;12 months (Aguilar et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), and even up to 2\u0026ndash;3 years for a solo development. Revisiting the code after months can present a challenge to understanding the code. In the \u003cem\u003ePlan\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePre-Evaluation Phase\u003c/em\u003e, the final list of features and budget breakdown have to be made and understandable by both parties, which includes the project timeline, architectural design, requirement specification, and testing process (Debbiche et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Some technical aspects have to be included, which helps in solving possible disagreements, especially the types of algorithms and tools. Stakeholders might expect newer algorithms (encryption method, compression algorithm, machine learning or AI method, etc.) or newer tools (library version, language version, database technology, protocols, API version, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eDevelop\u003c/em\u003e (and \u003cem\u003eDesign\u003c/em\u003e) phase, codes should be easily revisited by considering the following aspects:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1. Comments Optimization: Add proper code comments to ensure comprehension (Rani et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). In the early stages of development, developers typically rush to complete the task, with no time to write proper comments. They can revisit the codes as early as possible to correct the comments, including documentation comments for languages like Java.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2. Readability Optimization: To ensure that codes are understandable (Holzmann, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) and self-explanatory (Lawrie et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). Using English language for the identifier namings and comments is preferable, to easily transfer the code to another developer or to upload the code to code-sharing platforms.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3. OOP Optimization: Important points for object-oriented programming (OOP) include keeping variable scope as small as possible, avoiding designing class with no methods, making use of overloading, avoiding long arguments list, using getters/setters (Sierra \u0026amp; Bates, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eTest, Evaluate\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eMaintenance\u003c/em\u003e phases, any logic changes have to be documented in the code comments. For example, the initial code has a complexity of N\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, and this code has been released. The developer then realized that it can be reduced, so some logic was changed later. The comments on what was changed and when are helpful to identify potential failures in future test cases. Additionally, a Version Control system with an appropriate interval between commits helps developers to learn from mistakes. Lastly, in the \u003cem\u003eEvaluate phase\u003c/em\u003e, the developer needs to create a checklist based on the initial contract. The final agreement has to be recorded in written form.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"6. Evaluation For Rssd Development Phases","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe RSSD methodology was tested by the respondents (software developers) in 10 projects. The project timeline is shown in\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. On average, the proportion of each phase of RSSD is shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eevaluation\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003emaintenance\u003c/em\u003e phase was the largest part of the project, reaching 42.1% of the total project, while the\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003edevelopment phase\u003c/em\u003e was the second largest (35.09%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab3\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRSSD Implementation Result on the Software Development Timeline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCase #\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDev #\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoftware Name\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLanguage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal Days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 18.9076%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDevelopment Duration (% of total days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeet *\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlan \u0026amp; Pre-Ev\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDevelop\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEval. \u0026amp; Maint.**\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcademic information system\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.8 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eData analytics for eCommerce\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.9 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.5 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClinic information system\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS (Laravel)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.2 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDental clinic system\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS (Laravel)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.3 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCasual game\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnity C#\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.2 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnline poker game\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnity C#\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePoint of sales (metal industry)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6(1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.3 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePoint of sales (cafe)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePHP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.2 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealth mobile app\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHTML\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;JS (Cordova)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.6 (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.2 (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.8674%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 1.5873%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttendance system\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAndroid \u0026amp; Web\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4.9486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.3 (7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4547%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 5.6956%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.5752%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 3.0345%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.1942%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e173.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 4.2017%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.63%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.2876%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.43%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.7077%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.18%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.5677%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e35.09%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.0542%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.6%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 2.8945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e42.10%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"12\" style=\"width: 36.0411%;\"\u003e* \u003cem\u003eMeet phase\u003c/em\u003e: Duration (number of meetings). The \u003cem\u003eMeet\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePlan phases\u003c/em\u003e were sometimes prolonged due to the stakeholder\u0026apos;s availability.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"12\" style=\"width: 36.0411%;\"\u003e** \u003cem\u003eEvaluation\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eMaintenance\u003c/em\u003e phase: Duration (number of meetings):\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eevaluation phase\u003c/em\u003e starts from the first time the final draft was handed over to the stakeholder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003emaintenance\u003c/em\u003e phase is based on 30 days cut-off period, where if there is no updates from the stakeholders, the (major) maintenance period is considered over.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, a post-interview was also conducted to measure the success of RSSD. The survey questions are listed in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, while the result is listed in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. Each question was answered using the Likert scale (1\u0026ndash;5). The overall score of the post-interview was 4.19/5.0, which means that the respondents agreed that RSSD was helpful. The question\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003ePo1\u003c/em\u003e scores 4.30/5.0, which means RSSD helped in streamlining the development process. The results for each phase are discussed below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab4\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost-Interview Questions (Quantitative)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e#\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDev. Phase\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInterview Question\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScale*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRSSD methodology helps in streamlining the development process, while maintaining the robustness and scalability of the software\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMeet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrawing sketches and showing them to the stakeholders were useful\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMeet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe initial meeting went smoothly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlan and Pre-Evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe plan phase went smoothly as all information was collected thoroughly during the initial meeting\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlan and Pre-Evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIdentifying the small and big chunk of codes was useful\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDesign\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrawing only several diagrams were useful for better planning\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDesign\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaking code structures before the development were useful\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDevelop\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe development went smoothly because there was a careful planning\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDevelop\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe difficulties during the development can be handled well\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTesting the codes with different test cases was useful to ensure stability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOptimizing codes, such as minimizing loops and arrays, was useful\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvaluate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe presentation to the stakeholders went smoothly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvaluate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe evaluate phase went smoothly, with minimal reworks needed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePo14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaintenance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChanges during the maintenance phase can be handled well as there were careful plannings beforehand\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e* Likert Scale 1\u0026ndash;5: 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly disagree, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;disagree, 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;neutral, 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;agree, 5\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;strongly agree\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable 5. Post-Interview Results\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"818\" height=\"467\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec19\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e6.1. Meet Phase\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuestions \u003cem\u003ePo2\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePo3\u003c/em\u003e are related to the \u003cem\u003eMeet\u003c/em\u003e phase, which produced scores of 4.1 and 4.6 out of 5.0, respectively. Respondent \u003cem\u003eD7\u003c/em\u003e stated that drawing sketches (\u003cem\u003ePo2\u003c/em\u003e) were sometimes not doable when the meeting time is short.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec20\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e6.2. Plan and Pre-Evaluation Phase\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe questions \u003cem\u003ePo4\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePo5\u003c/em\u003e are related to the \u003cem\u003ePlan Phase\u003c/em\u003e, which produced scores of 4.2 and 4.0 out of 5.0, respectively. Based on \u003cem\u003ePo4\u003c/em\u003e, the respondents agreed that the \u003cem\u003ePlan phase\u003c/em\u003e was smooth. Respondent \u003cem\u003eD7\u003c/em\u003e highlighted that identifying the big and small chunks during this phase (\u003cem\u003ePo5\u003c/em\u003e) is useful. Respondent \u003cem\u003eD4\u003c/em\u003e stated that project \u003cem\u003eC6\u003c/em\u003e was smooth during the initial meeting. However, there were disagreements about the online system during the \u003cem\u003ePlan\u003c/em\u003e phase as there were overlooked aspects during the meeting. It should\u0026apos;ve been better planned.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec21\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e6.3. Design Phase\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor the \u003cem\u003edesign phase\u003c/em\u003e, based on \u003cem\u003ePo6\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePo7\u003c/em\u003e, the respondents generally agreed that creating diagrams and code structures was helpful in the later phases. As stated by \u003cem\u003eD1\u003c/em\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;For developing information systems, especially, I found it useful to create the code structure before implementing it, because big projects tend to be messier the longer it goes\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D1)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespondents \u003cem\u003eD2\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eD3\u003c/em\u003e highlighted that creating diagrams and structure was a bit complicated at first, especially for a medium project for solo developers; however, they were eventually useful:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;As a solo developer, I don\u0026apos;t usually create diagrams. However, making some important diagrams (sequence, in my case) helped me to plan my app more systematically, which in turn decreases complications in the end\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;The systematic subphases in RSSD really helped me to develop my game more quickly. The initial subphases, such as creating structure and diagrams look complicated for solo development, but it helped me to focus on the codes\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec22\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e6.4. Develop Phase\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on questions \u003cem\u003ePo8\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePo9\u003c/em\u003e, respondents generally agreed that the \u003cem\u003eDevelop phase\u003c/em\u003e was smooth and difficulties can be handled well. Respondent \u003cem\u003eD4\u003c/em\u003e highlighted that the code structure that was made during the \u003cem\u003eDesign Phase\u003c/em\u003e was helpful, especially in difficult projects:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;The meeting was smooth, even though I encountered a lot of difficulties during the implementation, especially on the synchronization processes. During the design phase, I planned by making codes structure as suggested. The structure and the diagrams serve as guides as the codes grow tremendously\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRespondents \u003cem\u003eD5\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eD6\u003c/em\u003e also highlighted that the \u003cem\u003eDevelop phase\u003c/em\u003e was smooth, particularly to develop the software systematically:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;During the development, creating the code structure helps during the integration\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;As mainly information systems developers, the detailed subphases of RSSD are very practical. It prevents hassle towards the end of the project. The project is my master thesis, and RSSD has helped me develop the app in a systematic way\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D6)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec23\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e6.5. Test Phase\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe respondents generally agreed that the \u003cem\u003eTest Phase\u003c/em\u003e was smooth, based on \u003cem\u003ePo10\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePo11.\u003c/em\u003e However, the average score for the \u003cem\u003eTest Phase\u003c/em\u003e is the lowest among all the phases, which is 4.0. Some respondents find it useful to do code testing and optimization to prevent mess during the maintenance:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;The methodology has made me realize the importance of code optimization before the amount of data in the system becomes much larger. I found an inefficient loop in my system that causes the student\u0026apos;s grade saving process to be 70% slower. I wish I knew this earlier\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D1)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;Testing each method individually helped me to quickly identify wrong loops, excessive array usage, inefficient SQL queries, vulnerabilities, etc\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D7)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;I also constantly made code optimizations as the number of users in the game grows, especially for the socket system and queries, which reduced the database and server load significantly\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, respondent \u003cem\u003eD3\u003c/em\u003e stated that code optimization might not be needed for projects that have to be completed quickly, and respondent \u003cem\u003eD5\u003c/em\u003e prefer not to optimize the code because there were only a few users using the software:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;As for the code optimization part, I did that for the enemy AI code that slightly reduced the CPU usage. Even though such optimization might be more critical for information systems or bigger games, as opposed to small games with a quick development cycle, I think it helps to reduce the complexity of codes, especially for revisits\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;During the test phase, I successfully tested the methods using different test cases. However, for optimization, I only did some SQL query optimization, because I think the app will still work fine with just a few concurrent users\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec24\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e6.6. Evaluate and Maintenance Phase\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBased on \u003cem\u003ePo12\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePo13\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003ePo14\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eEvaluate\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eMaintenance\u003c/em\u003e phases went smoothly with minimal re-works needed due to the careful planning in the earlier phases. Project \u003cem\u003eC6\u003c/em\u003e was a difficult project with the longest project duration (256 days) and the longest \u003cem\u003eEvaluate and Maintenance Phase\u003c/em\u003es (50% of the total project). However, RSSD helped to easier project navigation:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026quot;\u0026hellip;The evaluate and maintenance phases were still difficult simply because the app is huge with a lot of users involved, which produced a lot of varieties. Still, the plans from the earlier phases have helped me to navigate the project\u0026hellip;\u0026quot; (D4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"7. Evaluation For Rssd Values And Optimization Measures","content":"\u003cp\u003eRSSD aims to minimize project cycles by doing optimization measures based on the three RSSD values, as discussed in Section 5. The testing result for the optimization measures is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, separated by each value and each optimization measure. Overall, the average \u003cem\u003eimplementation\u003c/em\u003e score is lower than \u003cem\u003eimportant\u003c/em\u003e (4.52 vs. 4.32, respectively). While these measures are important, sometimes budget and time become the main constraints.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eMeet\u003c/em\u003e phase, both the stickman diagram and draft feature list were mostly implemented, even though the stickman diagram was considered as not as important as the draft list. This was due to, in some meetings, the developers didn\u0026rsquo;t have a large screen to project the diagram and the list. In the \u003cem\u003ePlan and Pre-Evaluation\u003c/em\u003e phases, developers generally agreed that the measures are important and have been implemented, except for item \u003cem\u003eVq4\u003c/em\u003e. The developers argued that for the \u003cem\u003ePlan\u003c/em\u003e phase, listing the big chunks is enough to start the project and estimate the budget.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eDesign\u003c/em\u003e phase, \u003cem\u003eVq7\u003c/em\u003e (UML diagram) fell into the range of 3.0\u0026ndash;4.0 for the \u003cem\u003eimplementation\u003c/em\u003e score, which is very different from the \u003cem\u003eimportance\u003c/em\u003e score (4.13). As solo developers, the respondents feel that they can directly start a project without having any diagrams, even though the RSSD document already mentioned that only some necessary UML diagrams are needed. Despite so, the average \u003cem\u003eimportance\u003c/em\u003e of UML diagrams is higher for information systems (project C1, C3, C7, C8, C10) compared to other types of projects, which is 4.4 vs. 3.67, respectively. Two respondents (projects C4 and C5) answered n.a. for \u003cem\u003eVq7\u003c/em\u003e, and these two projects were the shortest in duration among others. These facts indicate that UML diagrams are still necessary for longer projects, especially for information systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe importance of making functions structure (\u003cem\u003eVq8\u003c/em\u003e) was also rated as very important, and it was very well implemented. However, the class structure (\u003cem\u003eVq9\u003c/em\u003e) fell into the range of 3.0\u0026ndash;4.0 for \u003cem\u003eimplementation\u003c/em\u003e even though it was considered very important. This was because expert developers can start the development without much planning. For \u003cem\u003eVq9\u003c/em\u003e, since most projects are not OOP-based, six respondents answered n.a.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eDevelop\u003c/em\u003e phase, all the optimization measures were considered very important. Interestingly, some time-consuming measures (\u003cem\u003eVq12\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eVq14\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eVq15\u003c/em\u003e) fell into the range of 3.0\u0026ndash;4.0 for \u003cem\u003eimplementation\u003c/em\u003e. These measures are important for the longevity of a project, especially when there will be many changes. However, most projects were limited by time and budget constraints. Developer D1 also mentioned that these measures, especially to increase flexibility, are useful for adapting previous projects to a new one.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the \u003cem\u003eTest\u003c/em\u003e phase, the optimization measures are aimed at reducing time and space complexity. All measures (\u003cem\u003eVq18\u003c/em\u003e to \u003cem\u003eVq27\u003c/em\u003e) were rated as very important, except for constant folding (\u003cem\u003eVq23\u003c/em\u003e). Compared to other optimization measures, constant folding is a less popular technique and might not be available on all compilers. The optimization of the number of variables and arrays (\u003cem\u003eVq21\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eVq22\u003c/em\u003e) was rated the highest among others. SQL query optimization (\u003cem\u003eVq24\u003c/em\u003e), on the other hand, has a high \u003cem\u003eimportance\u003c/em\u003e score (4.88) but is slightly lower in \u003cem\u003eimplementation\u003c/em\u003e score (4.38). According to the respondents, this is because optimizing queries is trickier compared to optimizing other aspects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLastly, in the \u003cem\u003eEvaluation and Maintenance\u003c/em\u003e phases, the optimizations measures are rated as very important. However, while documenting code changes (\u003cem\u003eVq28\u003c/em\u003e) is very important, some developers were reluctant to do it because, by the time they reach the \u003cem\u003emaintenance phase\u003c/em\u003e, they were usually busy with new projects, with not much time to focus on previous projects.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"8. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOverall, the proposed RSSD methodology was well accepted by the respondents. Compared to Agile, it has different subphases to cater for the need for rapid solo development. Additionally, RSSD follows the following values: \u003cem\u003eEfficient\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003emodular\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003erevisitable\u003c/em\u003e. Each value has its own optimization measures. According to the testing results, important optimization measures include reducing complexity and eliminating repetition during the \u003cem\u003eDevelop\u003c/em\u003e phase, optimizing variables and arrays in the \u003cem\u003eTest\u003c/em\u003e phase, testing with test cases during both the \u003cem\u003eDevelop\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eTest\u003c/em\u003e phases, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe developers agreed that following the whole RSSD process is useful to prevent various future problems. However, there were constraints, such as (1) Limited time in the initial meeting, which leads to some overlooked aspects; (2) Some projects have a limited timeframe, thus creating diagrams and structure during the \u003cem\u003edesign phase\u003c/em\u003e is challenging; (3) Some developers decided not to do a thorough code optimization because the project is small or have a limited budget; and (4) Maintenance \u003cem\u003ephase\u003c/em\u003e can be challenging because the developers will have new projects by that time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn future works, researchers can contribute by enriching the values and the phases in software development. Certain aspects of the methodology can be categorized, such as different phases for different software types and scopes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eCONFLICT OF INTEREST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors were involved in the whole discussion, initiative, and final review process. Kristo Radion Purba wrote the main manuscript text, except for Chapter 2. Rusyaizila Ramli wrote Chapter 2 of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAguilar, J., Sanchez, M., Fernandez-y-Fernandez, C., Rocha, E., Martinez, D., \u0026amp; Figueroa, J. (2014). 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International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, \u003cem\u003e17\u003c/em\u003e(04), 2030002. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877020300025\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Software development, Methodology, Agile methodology, Solo software development, Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1985368/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1985368/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eExisting software development methodologies were mostly focused on team-based development. Solo development presents its own challenges due to the lack of collaboration and resources. Existing solo development methodologies lacked efficiency, modularity, and revisitability, which become the values for the proposed RSSD (Rapid Solo Software Development) methodology. RSSD adopts the same main phases from the Agile methodology (meet, plan, design, develop, test, and evaluate), but with different subphases, values, and optimization measures. The \u003cem\u003eefficiency\u003c/em\u003e value focuses on streamlining the planning process, including code structure planning and optimization strategies. \u003cem\u003eModularity\u003c/em\u003e focuses on dividing the codes into smaller functions and reducing dependencies. Lastly, \u003cem\u003erevisitability\u003c/em\u003e focuses on improving the clarity of the diagrams, documentation, and code structure for easy revisits. The RSSD methodology was tested on 10 total projects, and respondents agreed that it was helpful to streamline the development process, with an average score of 4.19 out of 5.0. This study contributes to making a streamlined yet effective methodology that helps solo software developers to plan a project in a more structured manner.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Rapid Solo Software Development (RSSD) Methodology based on Agile","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-08-26 16:59:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1985368/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"886794b7-3a26-47f2-95f3-31898c78353d","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 26th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-03-01T19:59:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-08-26 16:59:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1985368","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1985368","identity":"rs-1985368","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}