Prediciton on structural damage of inclined high-rise buildings on pile foundations: A comprehensive study on the efficacy of compaction grouting

Prediciton on structural damage of inclined high-rise buildings on pile foundations: A comprehensive study on the efficacy of compaction grouting | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Prediciton on structural damage of inclined high-rise buildings on pile foundations: A comprehensive study on the efficacy of compaction grouting Xuedong Cui This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6224142/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The increasing occurrence of uneven settlement, tilting, and cracking in high-rise urban structures necessitates robust strategies to reinforce foundations and correct structural imbalances. This study examines a 16-story building in Zhangzhou, China, which exhibited severe structural issues, including a maximum settlement of 106 mm, a tilt of 228 mm, and a tilt rate exceeding 2.5‰. Through detailed analysis, a grouting lift remediation plan was proposed and validated via numerical simulations, ensuring its effectiveness. The simulations accurately predicted post-intervention settlement and tilt, aligning well with field measurements. The grouting process effectively filled and compacted the soil, generating an uplifting force and achieving a maximum uplift of 84.91 mm at the building's southwest corner. The building's east-west vertical alignment was successfully corrected, and the north-south tilt was reduced to a 5 mm southward inclination at a rate of 0.07°. This study provides valuable insights for applying grouting lift corrections in similar high-rise building scenarios. Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Geology/Stratigraphy High-rise buildings Uneven settlement Structural correction Grouting and lifting Damage modeling Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 17 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Editor invited by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 23 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6224142","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":438865980,"identity":"e3da2b35-e8b4-40e5-bd08-80a11442a729","order_by":0,"name":"Xuedong Cui","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAzgpARGQY2NvPkCaFmM+nmMJRGhhQGhJnCeRo4BXizl77+HXPAV2efLRzccefm2zSW9jyGFg+FGxDacWy55zaZYzDJKLDe8cSzeWbUvLbWM4e4Cx58xt3A67kWNm8MGAOXHjjBwzacm2w7ltjH0JzIxteLTcf2NmkGBQD9PyP52NmccAv5YbPMYPPhgcTpwvkWMm+bHtQAIbGyEtZ3LMGGcYHE/cIJGWJs1wLtmwjYct4SBevxw/Y/yZ50914vwZycckf5TZycvPf3zwwY8K3FqAgA0cIwYHGBiYedkgQgfwqQcC5g8gUr6BgYHxxx8CakfBKBgFo2BEAgDzlFl71EciJQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing Hengxiang Hongye Foundation Reinforcement Technology Co. Ltd","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuedong","middleName":"","lastName":"Cui","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-14 07:08:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6224142/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6224142/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17290-w","type":"published","date":"2025-08-29T15:56:50+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":90344776,"identity":"2f77ec5f-d38e-468a-816c-a562ed21d41a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-01 15:58:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":7994873,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptFile.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6224142/v1_covered_81c1d1c7-b55d-4eb1-a5a0-4585ebb10750.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Prediciton on structural damage of inclined high-rise buildings on pile foundations: A comprehensive study on the efficacy of compaction grouting","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"High-rise buildings, Uneven settlement, Structural correction, Grouting and lifting, Damage modeling","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6224142/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6224142/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe increasing occurrence of uneven settlement, tilting, and cracking in high-rise urban structures necessitates robust strategies to reinforce foundations and correct structural imbalances. This study examines a 16-story building in Zhangzhou, China, which exhibited severe structural issues, including a maximum settlement of 106 mm, a tilt of 228 mm, and a tilt rate exceeding 2.5\u0026permil;. Through detailed analysis, a grouting lift remediation plan was proposed and validated via numerical simulations, ensuring its effectiveness. The simulations accurately predicted post-intervention settlement and tilt, aligning well with field measurements. The grouting process effectively filled and compacted the soil, generating an uplifting force and achieving a maximum uplift of 84.91 mm at the building's southwest corner. The building's east-west vertical alignment was successfully corrected, and the north-south tilt was reduced to a 5 mm southward inclination at a rate of 0.07\u0026deg;. This study provides valuable insights for applying grouting lift corrections in similar high-rise building scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prediciton on structural damage of inclined high-rise buildings on pile foundations: A comprehensive study on the efficacy of compaction grouting","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-11 15:46:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6224142/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-06-17T10:08:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-02T13:16:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-29T07:45:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"319841599224254059783696050643381680556","date":"2025-05-17T22:27:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"133832427842318924454925930718221364253","date":"2025-05-16T06:58:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-26T07:22:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9456427554595612219504962004630914534","date":"2025-03-26T16:44:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T16:18:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T11:13:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-26T09:29:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-23T12:49:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-03-23T12:48:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"43e88efc-be23-4605-814c-e96b97d9c269","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":46728953,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering"},{"id":46728954,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Geology/Stratigraphy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-01T15:58:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6224142","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17290-w","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-08-29 15:56:50","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 29th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-11 15:46:49","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-17290-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17290-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6224142","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6224142","identity":"rs-6224142","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}