TRACKS: Six good practices for Non-Indigenous Species research and their SWOT evaluation

Preprint ARPHA Preprints https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e160384 (29 May 2025) https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e160384 (29 May 2025) Other versions: - Preprint InfoPreprint Info - CiteCite - MetricsMetrics - CommentComment - RelatedRelated - CitedCited ARPHA Preprints doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e160384 First posted 29 May 2025 Authors Ernesto Azzurro - Corresponding author National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies CNR IRBIM, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies CNR IRBIM, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn SZN, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Campus Ecotekne, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Rome, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Rome, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Campus Ecotekne, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Centre Agriculture Food Environment C3A, University of Trento, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant'Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council CNR IAS, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn SZN CRIMAC, Calabria Marine Centre, C. Torre Spaccata 87071, Amendolara, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR IPSP, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, Italy National Research Council, Water Research Institute CNR IRSA, Corso Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies CNR IRBIM, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100, Sassari, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry TESAF, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Life and Environmental Sciences at the Università Politecnica delle Marche UNIVPM, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production CNR ISPA, Via Giovanni Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521 (Ex Complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, Italy Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all’Adige, Italy Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100, Sassari, Italy Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant'Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies CNR IRBIM, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council CNR IAS, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 90149, Palermo, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06124, Perugia, Italy Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06124, Perugia, Italy Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padua, viale dell’Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521 (Ex Complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant'Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, 07100, Sassari, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Via Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council CNR IAS, Via del Mare 3, 91021, Torretta Granitola, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR IPSP, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, Italy International Marine Centre IMS, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09170, Oristano, Italy Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, CNR IPSP, Viale Teresa Michel 31, 15121, Alessandria, Italy National Research Council, Water Research Institute CNR IRSA, Corso Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, Italy Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Torino, Italy Department of Biology, University of Florence, via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06124, Perugia, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Via Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for the Conservation of Biodiversity, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521 (Ex Complesso Roosevelt), 90149, Palermo, Italy Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia UniMoRe, Pad. Besta, via G. Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies STeBiCeF, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 7, 27100, Pavia, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate dell'Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Jean Henry Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council CNR IAS, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Museo Storia Naturale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43125, Parma, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection CNR IPSP, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, Italy Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant'Epifanio 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Water Research Institute CNR IRSA, via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council CNR IAS, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Via Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 2, 05010, Porano, Italy Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Research Council CNR IAS, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development ENEA, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00196, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Water Research Institute CNR IRSA, via Roma 3, 74123, Taranto, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all’Adige, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development ENEA, Lungotevere Thaon di Revel 76, 00196, Roma, Italy Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padua, viale dell’Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies CNR IRBIM, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali dell'Università di Catania, Corso Italia 57, 95129, Catania, Italy Laboratory of Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Cracovia 1, 00133, Roma, Italy National Research Council, Institute for Atmospheric Pollution CNR IIA, Group for Earth Observation in Bari, c/o Interateneo Physics Department, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy Apa-Ct srl, via sacco 22, 47122, Forlì, Italy Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne, 81, 95124, Catania, Italy National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems CNR IRET, Via Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), University of Torino, largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy National Research Council, Water Research Institute CNR IRSA, Corso Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy Wilderness studi ambientali, Via Cruillas 27, 90146, Palermo, Italy Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Comiso, Via degli Studi 9m, 97013, Comiso, Italy Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Bialowieza, Poland Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Supporting agencies This study was supported by the “@CNR – USEIt project”, funded by the Italian National Research Council This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.