Research trends in vascular aging in the last decade: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis

Research trends in vascular aging in the last decade: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Research trends in vascular aging in the last decade: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis Dandan Shi, Ziqi Ning, Yaoyao Zhang, Xiaochen Guo, Meixia Liu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5747191/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background In recent years, vascular aging has become an important direction of aging research, but a comprehensive bibliometric analysis has not been conducted. Methods The Web of Science database was searched for articles and reviews on vascular aging from January 1, 2014, to August 20, 2024, and the literature was analyzed and knowledge maps were constructed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, pajek and Scimago Graphica software for econometric analysis and knowledge graph construction of the literature. Result A total of 38,910 authors from 7,622 institutions in 111 countries published 7,277 papers in 1,344 academic journals, with a significant increase in publication volume. The United States is the country with the highest productivity and citation rates, and Mayo Clinic is the most active institution. Tarantini S published the most papers, while Csiszar A received the most citations. RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES journal published the most papers, and CIRCULATION journal received the most citations. The main research aspects include age-related macular degeneration, arteriosclerosis, and oxidative stress, which are the main keywords in this field. In the last decade, the term c reactive protein has attracted great attention with its strongest citation explosion. Conclusion In the past decade, the research focus on vascular aging has been increasing year by year. Age-related macular degeneration, arteriosclerosis, and oxidative stress are the emerging research directions in this field. Vascular endothelial cells will be the focus of future research in this field. vascular aging bibliometrics visual analysis Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 1 Introduction A statistical analysis reveals that vascular-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, have become the predominant cause of mortality worldwide, with one-third of all deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases. In line with Thomas S, "A man is as old as his arteries"(Jani and Rajkumar, 2006 ) The following are some of the reasons for this. Consequently, the identification of individuals at elevated vascular risk in the asymptomatic subclinical stage is of paramount importance in the context of disease progression and the reduction of the economic burden on society and the family. Vascular aging (VA) is an evolutionary process involving the deterioration of vascular structure and function over time, ultimately damaging the heart, brain, kidneys, and other organs. It is most notably characterized by extensive changes in the functional and structural components of the vascular wall(Climie et al., 2023 ), including increased stiffness, vessel wall remodeling, loss of angiogenic capacity, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatory dysfunction. These age-related changes may occur earlier in those at risk for or with CVD, and thus scientists are increasingly convinced that biological VA is a better predictor of cardiovascular events than actual age.VA captures features of early (and often asymptomatic) stages of vascular degeneration, and thus many international guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and the management of arterial hypertension encourage the measurement of VA-related vascular biomarkers(Ben-Shlomo et al., 2014 ; Sehestedt et al., 2010 ). There are many potential invasive and non-invasive biomarkers for clinical evaluation of VA, including intima-media thickness, arterial lumen diameter, and flow-mediated dilatation, among which pulse wave conduction velocity is the gold standard for evaluating VA(Li et al., 2023 ). Many factors contribute to VA pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and structural changes in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, which also influence disease progression in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes(Mistriotis and Andreadis, 2017 ; Vatner et al., 2021 ). As a rapidly developing and promising field, VA has been the subject of continuous research and there has been a rapid increase in the number of articles on the subject; however, there is a lack of visual analysis and summary of global research trends, key authors, and research hotspots. Thus, it is necessary to review and analyze the published VA articles. Bibliometry is an interdisciplinary science that provides quantitative analysis using mathematical and statistical techniques. The application of bibliometric methods can help researchers quickly assess published research results, identify hotspots and trends in a particular field, and lay the foundations for future research(Chen et al., 2014 ). In this study, we will conduct a literature search for VA-related studies based on the Web of Science database, and bibliometric and visualization analyses of the search results will be carried out through software such as VOSviewer and CiteSpace to comprehensively, objectively, and scientifically show the current status and development trend of VA research and promote the development of the field. 2 Information and methodology 2.1 Data sources Bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection. The search strategy was TS=(vascular OR blood vessels OR arterial OR aortic OR vascular smooth muscle cell OR vascular endothelial cell) AND TI=(aging OR senescence). The period is January 1, 2014, to August 1, 2024. A complete search was performed on one day, August 3, 2024, to avoid errors caused by daily database updates. A total of 7277 articles were obtained, including articles and reviews published in English. Data were selected and recorded by two researchers and discussed to ensure that the content and topics were relevant. 2.2 Data analysis Scimago Graphica (version 1.0.38), VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), CiteSpace (version 6.2.R6), and pajek (version 5.18) were used to analyze and visualize all studies obtained. Scimago Graphica (X et al., 2022) is used to visualize national collaborative networks on a world map. The size of each node is an indicator of the number of publications, while the color of the nodes and lines is an indicator of the intensity of cooperation. VOS viewer(NJ and L, 2010) is used to construct bibliometric networks that include collaboration between countries/regions, institutions, and authors. The colors of the nodes indicate different periods or clusters, the size of the nodes indicates the number of publications, and the thickness of the line indicates the intensity of the collaboration. CiteSpace(C, 2004) is used for the analysis and visualization of knowledge domains and emerging trends, including co-citation analysis, cluster analysis, timeline sailing of references, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and citation bursts of references and keywords. Node size indicates the total number of co-citations or frequency of occurrence of an element, and various colors indicate different clusters or years. Rows between nodes indicate co-citations or co-occurrences. Centrality is a metric used to measure the importance of an element. When the element centrality value > 0.1, a purple outer ring is added. Citation bursts represent dramatic changes in citation age over time. In addition, the main research trajectories were analyzed by Pajek(Mrvar and Batagelj, 2016 ) software, a software program used to analyze and visualize major paths in large networks. By examining these main pathways, we can effectively understand the main research trajectories in the field. This helps us to better understand current hotspots and predict future trends. 3 Results 3.1 Trend analysis of publications and citations A field's development and future trends can be directly determined by analyzing the changes in the number of publications in the field. As shown in Fig. 1 , the number of publications has continued to grow over the past decade, with an overall upward trend, indicating that VA research will be of increasing interest over the 2014–2024 period. Since 2014, the number of publications has shown an exponential growth trend, and as of 1 August 2024, 7277 articles have been published and will continue to be published. We therefore hypothesize that annual articles will exceed 720 in 2024. The total number of citations to these documents up to the date of retrieval is 155364 with an average of 21.35 citations per citation. 2018 witnessed the highest number of citations at 88,676 indicating a high level of research during this period. Other years with relatively high citation factors include 2020 (82,578), 2019 (79,720), and 2017 (77,244). Due to the proximity of 2023 and 2024 to the retrieval time (August 1, 2024), their citation frequency is lower than the other years. The yearly increase in the number of published articles and citations reflects the field's rapid development. 3.2 Analysis of high-volume countries Eleven countries have conducted research related to VA, as detailed in Fig. 2 . Each node in the figure represents the country, the line connecting two nodes represents the link between the two countries, and the node size is the number of publications. To better understand the node hierarchy in the field, deeper data mining was performed, as detailed in Table 1 . The highest number of publications was in the United States (32.42%), followed by China (14.94%) and the United Kingdom (8.88%) (Fig. 3 A). The United States had the highest number of citations (70,863), followed by the United Kingdom (21,256) and China (17,335) (Fig. 3 B). This may be related to the results shown in Fig. 3 E, where the United States started the study the earliest and therefore had the highest number of publications and citations. Chinese researchers should pay more attention to improving the impact of their articles and strengthening foreign cooperation, as China was relatively late in the research and had a high number of publications but a low number of citations. As shown in Fig. 3 F, North America, Europe, and East Asia are the main sources of articles in this field. Table 1 Analysis of the top 10 countries in the WOS core set in the area of vascular aging over the last decade Rank Country Publications Citations Total link strength 1 United States 2359 (32.42%) 70863 884 2 China 1087 (14.94%) 17335 323 3 United Kingdom 646 (8.88%) 21256 631 4 Italy 533 (7.32%) 13073 461 5 Germany 511 (7.02%) 13281 472 6 Japan 473 (6.50%) 8785 212 7 Australia 381 (5.24%) 9409 344 8 France 354 (4.86%) 10679 369 9 Spain 321 (4.41%) 7675 258 10 Canada 316 (4.34%) 7477 298 3.3 Analysis of high-publishing authors and institutions The top 10 authors based on the number of publications in vascular senescence are listed in Table 2 . The top 10 authors have published a total of 360 papers or 4.95% of the total number of papers. Among these authors, Tarantini S published the most papers (53), followed by Csiszar A (52) and Ungvari, Zoltan (51). Csiszar A was the most cited author. As can be seen in Fig. 3 , the three of them are a major research force in the field of VA, as they have published several highly cited papers despite their short research period, but they have worked closely together. Nine of the top 10 are in the United States and six of them are from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, which shows that the University of Oklahoma System is the main research team in the field. A total of 7,922 institutions have conducted relevant research on VA, and Table 3 shows the top 10 institutions with the most publications. The issuing institutions were higher education or research institutions, with 60% located in the United States. The most prolific institutions are the Mayo Clinic and Univ Sydney, and the most cited institution is the University of Oklahoma, followed by the University of Sydney. From Fig. 4 C, it can be observed that there is a closer cooperation among institutions, which can make full use of the literature from various universities and research institutes, thus stimulating new research horizons, and making more in-depth and rapid meaningful Research. Table 2 Top 10 authors in the field of vascular aging in the last decade Rank Author Publications Country Affiliation Citations Total link strength 1 Tarantini S 53 (0.73%) United States University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 3708 180 2 Csiszar A 52 (0.71%) United States University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 3712 180 3 Ungvari Z 51 (0.70%) United States University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 3674 175 4 Seals DR. 42 (0.58%) United States University of Colorado Boulder 2174 4 5 Yabluchanskiy A 39 (0.54%) United States University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center 1757 149 6 Donato AJ. 28 (0.38%) United States University of Utah 1805 13 7 Launer LJ. 25 (0.34%) United States NIH National Institute on Aging 961 20 8 Kiss T 24 (0.33%) United States University of Oklahoma System 1496 114 9 Balasubramanian P 23 (0.32%) United States University of Oklahoma System 1082 101 10 Gillies MC. 23 (0.32%) Australia University of Sydney 883 0 Table 3 Top 10 Highly Published Institutions in the Last 10 Years Rank organization Country Publications citations total link strength 1 Mayo clinic United States 106 3291 16 2 Univ Sydney Australia 105 3458 27 3 Harvard Medical sch United States 100 2560 37 4 Johns Hopkins Univ. United States 96 3577 31 5 Univ Melbourne Australia 81 2445 35 6 Univ Pittsburgh United States 81 1918 36 7 Univ Oklahoma United States 77 4532 51 8 Capital Medical Univ. China 75 1338 12 9 NIA United States 74 3211 35 10 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. China 74 1648 12 3.4 Analysis of the distribution of highly published journals and disciplines A total of 1,344 journals were counted as having accepted articles from studies related to VA. The top ten journals, ranked by number of articles published and by co-citation and centrality, are listed in Tables 4 and 5 , respectively. The journal with the highest number of articles in this area is RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES (140 articles), followed by INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (114 articles). Among the top 10 most published journals, HYPERTENSION had the highest IF. An analysis of the number of scientific journals with co-citations shows that CIRCULATION has the highest number of co-citations, followed by OPHTHALMOLOGY. Of the top 10 most cited scientific journals, 80% were categorized as Q1, with NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE having the highest IF of 158.5. The analysis indicates that these journals possess strong academic credibility and impact in the field. Statistically, VA-related research is mainly distributed among 75 fields. Figure 5 summarizes the top 10 related disciplines, and it can be seen that VA-related research is as long as concentrated in the fields of cardiovascular system cardiology, ophthalmology, neurology, and geriatrics. This points to the main future research direction of VA. Table 4 Top 10 journals by number of publications Rank Source Publications Citations JCR partitions Impact factor (2022) 1 RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES 140 2458 Q2 3.3 2 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES 114 1521 Q1 5.6 3 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY 104 2884 Q2 4.3 4 EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY 93 1679 Q2 3.9 5 HYPERTENSION 79 3342 Q1 8.3 6 FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY 78 1300 Q2 4 7 GEROSCIENCE 78 1470 Q2 5.6 8 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE 76 1572 Q2 4.8 9 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 76 660 Q2 3.9 10 AGING-US 73 1448 Q2 5.2 Table 5 Top 10 journals by co-citation and centrality Rank Source Co-c itations JCR partitions Impact factor (2022) 1 CIRCULATION 10409 Q1 37.8 2 OPHTHALMOLOGY 8833 Q1 13.7 3 HYPERTENSION 7600 Q1 8.3 4 CIRCULATION RESEARCH 5837 Q1 20.1 5 PLOS ONE 5620 Q2 3.7 6 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY 4780 Q2 4.8 7 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 4721 Q1 24.4 8 NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 4545 Q1 158.5 9 INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE 4542 Q1 4.4 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 4401 Q1 11.1 3.5 Analysis of cited and co-cited references Examining the referenced literature offers valuable insights into the fundamental concepts and background of the field. Table 6 lists the top ten co-cited references. The most cited study was written by Ungvari Z et al. in 2018, which summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms of VA, discusses the relationship between progeria over anti-aging circulating factors and the development of the VA phenotype, and suggests future directions for developing new interventions(Ungvari et al., 2018a ). Cluster analysis using co-citation of literature may reveal subfields that indicate major research hotspots in the field. Figure 6 C shows the clustering of the reference network: "age-related macular degeneration", "neovascular age-related macular degeneration ", "arterial stiffness", "oxidative stress", "cellular senescence", "endothelial cells", "endothelium-dependent dilation". The modularity Q score is 0.7531, > 0.5, indicating that the network is reasonably divided into loosely coupled clusters. The weighted average profile score is 0.9248, > 0.5, implying acceptable homogeneity. Index terms extracted from the articles were used as cluster markers. The association of age-related macular degeneration, aging, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress with VA will become an extremely important research topic. We hypothesize that these subfields will continue to produce a lot of scholarship to better explore VA for a long time to come. Finally, the citation burst analysis was used to filter out the 20 studies that wanted the strongest citation bursts (Fig. 6 D). The timeline features red and green lines, where red indicates periods of high citation bursts and green represents periods of low citation bursts. Notably, the article written by Martin DF et al. had the highest intensity of citation bursts. Table 6 Top 10 co-cited references Rank First author Year Journal Co-citations DOI 1 Ungvari Z 2018 CIRC RES 159 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311378 2 Schmidt-Erfurth U 2014 OPHTHALMOLOGY 146 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.08.011 3 Maguire MG 2016 OPHTHALMOLOGY 125 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.03.045 4 Dugel PU 2020 OPHTHALMOLOGY 111 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.04.017 5 Schmidt-Erfurth U 2014 BRIT J OPHTHALMOL 108 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305702 6 Donato AJ 2018 J MOL CELL CARDIOL 104 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312563 7 Holz FG 2015 BRIT J OPHTHALMOL 101 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305327 8 Donato AJ 2015 J MOL CELL CARDIOL 93 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.021 9 Grunwald JE 2014 OPHTHALMOLOGY 90 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.08.015 10 Mitchell P 2018 LANCET 80 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31550-2 3.6 Keywords Keyword indexing facilitates the understanding of the main content of the paper, so that keyword analysis can quickly identify the hotspots and frontiers of a particular field. Through the keyword co-occurrence network, "aging", "oxidative stress", "arterial stiffness", "hypertension", "inflammation", "atherosclerosis", and "Alzheimer's disease" were the most frequent keywords (Fig. 7 A). Keyword citation burst detection effectively highlights emerging research trends and future academic hotspots in a specific field. Among the top 10 keywords with the highest citation explosion rate in the past 10 years, "reactive protein" was the most popular among peers. In addition, "neovascular age-related macular degeneration", "calcification", "stem cells" and "endothelial cell" will become new research hotspots in 2024. 4 Discussion 4.1 Main results This study utilizes visualization software to analyze research trends and hotspots in VA publications from 2014 to 2024. Annual publications in this field have increased over this decade, with an annual growth rate of 34.51%, and research in this field can be expected to continue to grow, with a significant increase in publications and quotations in future years. An analysis of the annual citation counts revealed that articles published closer to the data collection date received fewer average citations. This trend may be explained by the rapid increase in newer publications, while citations to these articles remain significantly lower. The quantity and quality of published papers in a research field are key indicators for assessing the scientific research levels of countries, institutions, and authors. A thorough analysis of countries, institutions, and authors can help identify where the strongest scientific research is found. The United States produces the most research papers and has the highest citation rate. This can be explained by several factors. For example, the U.S. has the most institutions and authors, the highest number of citations, and the most cited references. Despite having the second-highest number of publications, China has fewer cited articles. This may be because, in recent years, Chinese research collaborations have occurred mainly at home, where research conditions are poor. China has recently implemented policies to enhance scientific research, suggesting that the quality and level of research in the country will improve in the future. In addition, Tarantini S from the United States is the most prolific writer, often collaborating with Csiszar A and Ungvari Z from the same organization, and his institution, the University of Oklahoma System, is the most productive. In addition, his group focuses on cerebrovascular changes in aging mice with the pathogenesis and pathophysiologic alterations of VA(Ungvari et al., 2020 , 2018a , 2018b ). As researchers explore studies from multiple disciplinary areas, new pathogenic mechanisms as well as diagnostic strategies continue to advance, and this field of research establishes disciplinary boundaries and developmental directions in the process of integration. This study found that the disciplinary areas related to VA are concentrated in the areas of cardiovascular system cardiology, ophthalmology, neurology, and geriatrics, which points to a major future direction of research and development in VA. Journals are a key medium for disseminating academic literature. RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES is the leading journal with the largest number of published articles in this field, and VA-related ophthalmology research can be submitted to this journal. Furthermore, academic journals with high co-citation rankings serve as reliable reference sources for our manuscripts. The analysis indicates that the journal with the highest number of co-citations is CIRCULATION. CIRCULATION is one of the top journals in cardiovascular academia, hence the importance of VA research. Current research is focused on basic and clinical medicine, while further expansion of the field is needed to advance its development. 4.2 Research hotspots in VA According to a cluster analysis of co-citations, researchers are particularly interested in age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. Age is the strongest influence on macular degeneration, with almost all advanced macular degeneration pathology occurring in people over 60 years of age(Mitchell et al., 2018 ). It has been found that the onset of age-related macular degeneration may be closely related to the mechanisms of choroidal capillary senescence(Al-Zamil and Yassin, 2017 ). Macular degeneration mainly affects the structure and function of the macular region of the retina, which is the most nutrient-rich and oxygen-supplying area of the retina. However, with age, the microcirculatory network and vascular system in the macula gradually deteriorate and become functionally impaired, leading to an inadequate supply of nutrients and oxygen, which accelerates the development of macular degeneration(Uemura et al., 2021 ). In addition, degradation of vascular endothelial cell function may also accelerate the process of macular degeneration due to aging damage to the macular vasculature and increased inflammatory response(Zhao et al., 2023 ). Therefore, effective control of VA and protection of the vascular system in the macula is important for the prevention and treatment of macular degeneration. Atherosclerosis is an early pathological manifestation of VA, as well as an indicator of early vascular damage and a predictor of cardiovascular disease(Cui et al., 2023 ) Atherosclerosis is based on the structural changes of the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis is a characteristic feature of VA based on structural changes in the arterial wall. The characteristic impedance and forward wave amplitude of the aortic root increase in atherosclerosis, causing reflected waves to reach the heart earlier in systole, resulting in higher systolic and lower diastolic blood pressure, which in turn causes systolic hypertension and higher pulse pressure, both of which are associated with an increased expected risk of cardiovascular events(Antza et al., 2021 ; Oliveira et al., 2022 ; Vatner et al., 2021 ). Therefore, improving atherosclerosis is an important strategy to delay VA. The pathogenesis of VA is complex, and oxidative stress is one of its major etiologic factors(El Assar et al., 2013 ) Aging vessels produce excess reactive oxygen species, which impairs nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory activity and promotes the formation of harmful peroxynitrite. Similarly, excess reactive oxygen species damage vascular endothelial cells, which leads to dysfunction and promotes the development of VA(Koutsaliaris et al., 2022 ). Therefore, amelioration of VA from the oxidative stress pathway becomes a hot topic for future mechanistic studies and drug development. From the clustering of references and keywords and the timeline analysis of citation bursts, it appears that endothelial cells have recently attracted a great deal of attention. Vascular endothelial cells are a single layer of flattened cells located on the inner surface of blood vessels, attached to the basal layer of the endothelium. In addition to serving as a protective barrier between blood and the vessel wall, it plays important physiological roles in vascular homeostasis, maintenance of blood flow, regulation of vascular tone, pro-inflammatory responses, and neovascularization(Hwang et al., 2022 ) Senescent endothelial cells typically exhibit features such as flattened and enlarged morphology, decreased NO bioavailability, and secretion of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of VA by decreasing vessel density, increasing intima-media thickness and collagen deposition, decreasing elastin deposition, and dilating the lumen of the vasculature(Jia et al., 2019 , 2015 ). As a result of these physiological changes, decreased arterial elasticity leads to increased vascular stiffness and enhanced vascular inflammatory response, which in turn leads to impaired angiogenesis and vascular tone, further exacerbating VA. Animal experiments have found that endothelial cell senescence can be reversed and endothelial cell function can be restored through stimulation of NO levels and lowering of blood pressure, which reduces the level of β-galactosidase in rats(Ramirez-Sanchez et al., 2018), which suggests that improving endothelial cell function is a target of action for improving VA. In addition, genomics identified 2,351 genes with differential expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in young and elderly populations, suggesting that endothelial cells are closely related to VA(Mun et al., 2009 ) The Current studies on VA endothelial cells are mostly limited to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and their specific molecular mechanisms need to be further explored. 5 Deficiencies In this study, we utilized bibliometric software to systematically illustrate the current state of research on VA. However, this study still has some limitations. Firstly, due to the limitations of current bibliometric software, we only analyzed data from the WOS Core Collection database, which may have resulted in the omission of some data available in other databases. (e.g. Pubmed and Scopus databases). Secondly, only English-language articles and reviews were included in this study. Online publications, editorial material, conference papers, book chapters, and non-English articles were excluded. Finally, the current knowledge map of the field is provisional due to database and software updates. It will need to be updated in the future. 6 Conclusion In summary, we examined the knowledge base, hotspots, and future trends in VA over the past decade using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, pejack, and Scimago Graphica. The United States contributed the most to this field. Mayo Clinic, RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES, and Tarantini S were the most published institutions, journals, and authors, respectively. However, the most cited institutions, journals, and authors were the University of Oklahoma System, CIRCULATION and Csiszar A. Ungvari Z authored the most frequently cited article. Age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress are the main research topics of interest in this field. In addition, based on our knowledge graph analysis, we believe that vascular endothelial cells will be the focus of future research in this field. Declarations Funding Statement ： This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.82074509), the Chinese medicine clinical research integration platform construction projec of Xiyuan Hospital (Grant No.XYZX0405-18) and the Special research project on the inheritance of experience of famous and old Chinese medicine of Xiyuan Hospital (Grant No.XYZX0101-23). Author Contribution Conceptualization: Shi Dandan, Ning Ziqi; Methodology: Shi Dandan; Formal analysis: Shi Dandan, Zhang Yaoyao, Guo Xiaochen; Data Curation: Shi Dandan, Ning Ziqi; Visualization: Shi Dandan; Review & Editing: Liu Meixia; Supervision: Wei Yun; Funding acquisition: Liu Meixia, Wei Yun. References Al-Zamil, W. M., & Yassin, S. A. (2017). Recent developments in age-related macular degeneration: a review. Clinical Interventions In Aging , 12 , 1313–1330. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S143508 Antza, C., Doundoulakis, I., Akrivos, E., Stabouli, S., Chrysaidou, K., Gidaris, D., et al. (2021). Estimated Arterial Stiffness and Prediction of Vascular Aging: The Rising of a New Era. Curr Pharm Des , 27 , 1871–1877. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200728150637 Ben-Shlomo, Y., Spears, M., Boustred, C., May, M., Anderson, S. G., Benjamin, E. J., et al. (2014). 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Lancet Lond Engl , 392 , 1147–1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31550-2 Mrvar, A., & Batagelj, V. (2016). Analysis and visualization of large networks with program package Pajek. Complex Adapt Syst Model , 4 , 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40294-016-0017-8 Mun, G. I., Lee, S. J., An, S. M., Kim, I. K., & Boo, Y. C. (2009). Differential gene expression in young and senescent endothelial cells under static and laminar shear stress conditions. Free Radical Biology And Medicine , 47 , 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.032 NJ. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics , 84 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3 . van. Oliveira, A. C., Cunha, P. M. G. M., de Vitorino, P. V. O., Souza, et al. (2022). Vascular Aging and Arterial Stiffness. Arq Bras Cardiol , 119 , 604–615. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210708 Ramirez-Sanchez, I., Mansour, C., Navarrete-Yañez, V., Ayala-Hernandez, M., Guevara, G., Castillo, C. 2018. (-)-Epicatechin induced reversal of endothelial cell aging and improved vascular function: underlying mechanisms. Food & Function 9, 4802–4813. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8fo00483h Sehestedt, T., Jeppesen, J., Hansen, T. W., Wachtell, K., Ibsen, H., Torp-Pedersen, C., et al. (2010). Risk prediction is improved by adding markers of subclinical organ damage to SCORE. European Heart Journal , 31 , 883–891. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehp546 Uemura, A., Fruttiger, M., D’Amore, P. A., De Falco, S., Joussen, A. M., Sennlaub, F., et al. (2021). VEGFR1 signaling in retinal angiogenesis and microinflammation. Progress In Retinal And Eye Research , 84 , 100954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100954 Ungvari, Z., Tarantini, S., Donato, A. J., Galvan, V., & Csiszar, A. (2018a). Mechanisms of Vascular Aging Circ Res 123, 849–867. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311378 . Ungvari, Z., Tarantini, S., Kiss, T., Wren, J. D., Giles, C. B., Griffin, C. T., et al. (2018b). Endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment in the ageing vasculature. Nature Reviews. Cardiology , 15 , 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-018-0030-z Ungvari, Z., Tarantini, S., Sorond, F., Merkely, B., & Csiszar, A. (2020). Mechanisms of Vascular Aging, A Geroscience Perspective: JACC Focus Seminar. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology , 75 , 931–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.061 Vatner, S. F., Zhang, J., Vyzas, C., Mishra, K., Graham, R. M., & Vatner, D. E. (2021). Vascular Stiffness in Aging and Disease. Frontiers In Physiology , 12 , 762437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.762437 Zhao, B., Zhu, L., Ye, M., Lou, X., Mou, Q., Hu, Y., et al. (2023). Oxidative stress and epigenetics in ocular vascular aging: an updated review. Mol Med Camb Mass , 29 , 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-023-00624-7 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files 2.rar Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5747191","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":400468437,"identity":"8da99e8d-54f3-4ed7-b921-836139ab1921","order_by":0,"name":"Dandan Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiyuan Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dandan","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":400468438,"identity":"01cbe74d-6ff5-4e23-a9ab-9fc1573c4651","order_by":1,"name":"Ziqi Ning","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiyuan Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ziqi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ning","suffix":""},{"id":400468439,"identity":"3b58e5dd-a121-4ee9-b279-2171df1a7dcf","order_by":2,"name":"Yaoyao Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiyuan Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yaoyao","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":400468440,"identity":"507efa7c-dce4-4c67-ae23-33f23a3d0e94","order_by":3,"name":"Xiaochen Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiyuan Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaochen","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":400468441,"identity":"736b8796-9f4e-4e50-8cbd-6477c4b82665","order_by":4,"name":"Meixia Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYQacDAw8De2HBAokJCjp+QFja4Fp7DBx9YnLEwlmwgpAXOkkhLNqhsq0jcQFALO4/phg8Fh2X4G3LMJG7Ok2DcwMD88NENvA7jMbs5wyCNR+LAGTPJmdskmM0Z2IyNcwhouc1jYMPDcLDHTFpymwSbZQMPmzRBLX8MJHjkD/OYSf+dI8FjcIAYLQxAWwyOsSUbSDZISBChha3sZg/QL4ZnmA8+kDgmYSDZTMAv/PyHt9348eewvdz9h8CorKmr72dvfvgYnxYsgJk05aNgFIyCUTAKsAAAlDNDHRYjEtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Xiyuan Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meixia","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":400468442,"identity":"b53c0222-6297-4179-800c-ccb0f6f14c50","order_by":5,"name":"Yun Wei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiyuan Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yun","middleName":"","lastName":"Wei","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-01 17:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5747191/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5747191/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":73697361,"identity":"ebc26e36-c0e8-4ad5-bb88-c05b8b040819","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:30:19","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":32595,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of annual publications and annual citations in the field of vascular aging in the last decade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/292a81864dd73f2a531e741c.png"},{"id":73697363,"identity":"b8e07354-cef1-4700-974f-97df59326300","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:30:20","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":702771,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisual analysis of countries with high publications in the field of vascular aging in the last decade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFig.2\u003c/strong\u003e(A) radar plot of the number of publication by the top 10 countries; (B) radar plot of the total citation scores of the top 10 countries; (C) visual cluster analysis of inter-country cooperation; (D) plot of the density of cooperation among countries; (E) plot of the duration of cooperation among countries; (F) plot of the strength of cooperation among countries around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/7e63c2d596eae900f10f5a9f.png"},{"id":73697365,"identity":"06e57d9e-3f9c-4001-b77a-e0fea54215dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:30:20","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":544049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisualization of authors of highly published articles in the field of vascular aging in the last decade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFig.3\u003c/strong\u003e(A) Clustering analysis of high-publication authors; (B) temporal overlay analysis of high-publication authors; (C) density analysis of high-publication authors; (D) CiteSpace visualization of high-publication authors.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/17b910f29dd924610e103a34.png"},{"id":73697783,"identity":"87d0ce9d-9e6f-4e23-9c13-27a0412bec2e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:38:20","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":187954,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisual analysis of the top 10 institutions in the field of vascular aging in the last decade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFig.4\u003c/strong\u003e(A) Radar chart of the number of publications of the top 10 ranked institutions; (B) radar chart of the number of citations of the top 10 ranked institutions; (C) cluster analysis of the number of publications of the top 10 ranked institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/427395b4e6be06d7f08c822f.png"},{"id":73698863,"identity":"d00379e4-802b-438d-bc55-c17e61f6533e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:46:20","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":113379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisualization of the vascular aging research field in the last decade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote: Fig.5\u003c/strong\u003e(A) Radar chart of the distribution areas of vascular aging; (B) chart of the percentage of the number of publications in different areas of vascular aging.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/d60489edd2591703ab4ca527.png"},{"id":73698864,"identity":"5fb34215-a344-4c82-a0c7-b240a6a22191","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:46:20","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":613399,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVisual analysis of co-cited references\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote: Fig.6\u003c/strong\u003e(A) citation network of co-cited references; (B) cluster analysis of co-cited references; (C) timeline distribution of the seven clusters; (D) top 20 references with the highest citation bursts.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/741f97629ca91f4da05f11f4.png"},{"id":73697375,"identity":"e3bdc00a-8a8c-4abb-8044-67b24fa207a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:30:20","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":492536,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKeywords and burst words analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote: Fig.7\u003c/strong\u003e(A) keyword network map; (B) keyword density map; (C) top 10 keywords with the most explosive citations.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/76258adde63de304a3b4fc18.png"},{"id":73700090,"identity":"f9537802-7027-4fcb-ab54-02c9f2fbdf6d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 17:02:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3579308,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/28e8bdcb-b7e5-4ed4-9846-4c292a2e2423.pdf"},{"id":73697383,"identity":"83328369-4eef-4112-92c1-61ea20fb1200","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-13 16:30:21","extension":"rar","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":56527943,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2.rar","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5747191/v1/73e420c9c37f00917678a109.rar"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Research trends in vascular aging in the last decade: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eA statistical analysis reveals that vascular-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, have become the predominant cause of mortality worldwide, with one-third of all deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases. In line with Thomas S, \"A man is as old as his arteries\"(Jani and Rajkumar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e) The following are some of the reasons for this. Consequently, the identification of individuals at elevated vascular risk in the asymptomatic subclinical stage is of paramount importance in the context of disease progression and the reduction of the economic burden on society and the family.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVascular aging (VA) is an evolutionary process involving the deterioration of vascular structure and function over time, ultimately damaging the heart, brain, kidneys, and other organs. It is most notably characterized by extensive changes in the functional and structural components of the vascular wall(Climie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), including increased stiffness, vessel wall remodeling, loss of angiogenic capacity, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatory dysfunction. These age-related changes may occur earlier in those at risk for or with CVD, and thus scientists are increasingly convinced that biological VA is a better predictor of cardiovascular events than actual age.VA captures features of early (and often asymptomatic) stages of vascular degeneration, and thus many international guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and the management of arterial hypertension encourage the measurement of VA-related vascular biomarkers(Ben-Shlomo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Sehestedt et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). There are many potential invasive and non-invasive biomarkers for clinical evaluation of VA, including intima-media thickness, arterial lumen diameter, and flow-mediated dilatation, among which pulse wave conduction velocity is the gold standard for evaluating VA(Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Many factors contribute to VA pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and structural changes in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, which also influence disease progression in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes(Mistriotis and Andreadis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Vatner et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). As a rapidly developing and promising field, VA has been the subject of continuous research and there has been a rapid increase in the number of articles on the subject; however, there is a lack of visual analysis and summary of global research trends, key authors, and research hotspots. Thus, it is necessary to review and analyze the published VA articles.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliometry is an interdisciplinary science that provides quantitative analysis using mathematical and statistical techniques. The application of bibliometric methods can help researchers quickly assess published research results, identify hotspots and trends in a particular field, and lay the foundations for future research(Chen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). In this study, we will conduct a literature search for VA-related studies based on the Web of Science database, and bibliometric and visualization analyses of the search results will be carried out through software such as VOSviewer and CiteSpace to comprehensively, objectively, and scientifically show the current status and development trend of VA research and promote the development of the field.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Information and methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Data sources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection. The search strategy was TS=(vascular OR blood vessels OR arterial OR aortic OR vascular smooth muscle cell OR vascular endothelial cell) AND TI=(aging OR senescence). The period is January 1, 2014, to August 1, 2024. A complete search was performed on one day, August 3, 2024, to avoid errors caused by daily database updates. A total of 7277 articles were obtained, including articles and reviews published in English. Data were selected and recorded by two researchers and discussed to ensure that the content and topics were relevant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Data analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eScimago Graphica (version 1.0.38), VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), CiteSpace (version 6.2.R6), and pajek (version 5.18) were used to analyze and visualize all studies obtained.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScimago Graphica (X et al., 2022) is used to visualize national collaborative networks on a world map. The size of each node is an indicator of the number of publications, while the color of the nodes and lines is an indicator of the intensity of cooperation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVOS viewer(NJ and L, 2010) is used to construct bibliometric networks that include collaboration between countries/regions, institutions, and authors. The colors of the nodes indicate different periods or clusters, the size of the nodes indicates the number of publications, and the thickness of the line indicates the intensity of the collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCiteSpace(C, 2004) is used for the analysis and visualization of knowledge domains and emerging trends, including co-citation analysis, cluster analysis, timeline sailing of references, co-occurrence analysis of keywords, and citation bursts of references and keywords. Node size indicates the total number of co-citations or frequency of occurrence of an element, and various colors indicate different clusters or years. Rows between nodes indicate co-citations or co-occurrences. Centrality is a metric used to measure the importance of an element. When the element centrality value\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.1, a purple outer ring is added. Citation bursts represent dramatic changes in citation age over time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, the main research trajectories were analyzed by Pajek(Mrvar and Batagelj, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) software, a software program used to analyze and visualize major paths in large networks. By examining these main pathways, we can effectively understand the main research trajectories in the field. This helps us to better understand current hotspots and predict future trends.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Trend analysis of publications and citations\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA field\u0026apos;s development and future trends can be directly determined by analyzing the changes in the number of publications in the field. As shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, the number of publications has continued to grow over the past decade, with an overall upward trend, indicating that VA research will be of increasing interest over the 2014\u0026ndash;2024 period. Since 2014, the number of publications has shown an exponential growth trend, and as of 1 August 2024, 7277 articles have been published and will continue to be published. We therefore hypothesize that annual articles will exceed 720 in 2024. The total number of citations to these documents up to the date of retrieval is 155364 with an average of 21.35 citations per citation. 2018 witnessed the highest number of citations at 88,676 indicating a high level of research during this period. Other years with relatively high citation factors include 2020 (82,578), 2019 (79,720), and 2017 (77,244). Due to the proximity of 2023 and 2024 to the retrieval time (August 1, 2024), their citation frequency is lower than the other years. The yearly increase in the number of published articles and citations reflects the field\u0026apos;s rapid development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Analysis of high-volume countries\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEleven countries have conducted research related to VA, as detailed in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Each node in the figure represents the country, the line connecting two nodes represents the link between the two countries, and the node size is the number of publications. To better understand the node hierarchy in the field, deeper data mining was performed, as detailed in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The highest number of publications was in the United States (32.42%), followed by China (14.94%) and the United Kingdom (8.88%) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA). The United States had the highest number of citations (70,863), followed by the United Kingdom (21,256) and China (17,335) (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eB). This may be related to the results shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eE, where the United States started the study the earliest and therefore had the highest number of publications and citations. Chinese researchers should pay more attention to improving the impact of their articles and strengthening foreign cooperation, as China was relatively late in the research and had a high number of publications but a low number of citations. As shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eF, North America, Europe, and East Asia are the main sources of articles in this field.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the top 10 countries in the WOS core set in the area of vascular aging over the last decade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCitations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal link strength\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2359 (32.42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70863\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e884\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1087 (14.94%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17335\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited Kingdom\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e646 (8.88%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e631\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e533 (7.32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13073\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e461\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e511 (7.02%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e473 (6.50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8785\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e381 (5.24%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e354 (4.86%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10679\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e321 (4.41%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7675\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCanada\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e316 (4.34%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7477\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Analysis of high-publishing authors and institutions\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe top 10 authors based on the number of publications in vascular senescence are listed in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The top 10 authors have published a total of 360 papers or 4.95% of the total number of papers. Among these authors, Tarantini S published the most papers (53), followed by Csiszar A (52) and Ungvari, Zoltan (51). Csiszar A was the most cited author. As can be seen in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, the three of them are a major research force in the field of VA, as they have published several highly cited papers despite their short research period, but they have worked closely together. Nine of the top 10 are in the United States and six of them are from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, which shows that the University of Oklahoma System is the main research team in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA total of 7,922 institutions have conducted relevant research on VA, and Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows the top 10 institutions with the most publications. The issuing institutions were higher education or research institutions, with 60% located in the United States. The most prolific institutions are the Mayo Clinic and Univ Sydney, and the most cited institution is the University of Oklahoma, followed by the University of Sydney. From Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eC, it can be observed that there is a closer cooperation among institutions, which can make full use of the literature from various universities and research institutes, thus stimulating new research horizons, and making more in-depth and rapid meaningful Research.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTop 10 authors in the field of vascular aging in the last decade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAuthor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAffiliation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCitations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal link strength\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTarantini S\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (0.73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCsiszar A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (0.71%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3712\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUngvari Z\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (0.70%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeals DR.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (0.58%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Colorado Boulder\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYabluchanskiy A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (0.54%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1757\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDonato AJ.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (0.38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Utah\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1805\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLauner LJ.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (0.34%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNIH National Institute on Aging\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e961\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKiss T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (0.33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oklahoma System\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1496\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBalasubramanian P\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (0.32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oklahoma System\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGillies MC.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (0.32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity of Sydney\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e883\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTop 10 Highly Published Institutions in the Last 10 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eorganization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecitations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etotal link strength\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMayo clinic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3291\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Sydney\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHarvard Medical sch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJohns Hopkins Univ.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Melbourne\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Pittsburgh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Oklahoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4532\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCapital Medical Univ.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNIA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3211\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShanghai Jiao Tong Univ.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Analysis of the distribution of highly published journals and disciplines\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA total of 1,344 journals were counted as having accepted articles from studies related to VA. The top ten journals, ranked by number of articles published and by co-citation and centrality, are listed in Tables \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, respectively. The journal with the highest number of articles in this area is RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES (140 articles), followed by INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (114 articles). Among the top 10 most published journals, HYPERTENSION had the highest IF. An analysis of the number of scientific journals with co-citations shows that CIRCULATION has the highest number of co-citations, followed by OPHTHALMOLOGY. Of the top 10 most cited scientific journals, 80% were categorized as Q1, with NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE having the highest IF of 158.5. The analysis indicates that these journals possess strong academic credibility and impact in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistically, VA-related research is mainly distributed among 75 fields. Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e summarizes the top 10 related disciplines, and it can be seen that VA-related research is as long as concentrated in the fields of cardiovascular system cardiology, ophthalmology, neurology, and geriatrics. This points to the main future research direction of VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTop 10 journals by number of publications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCitations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCR partitions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpact factor (2022)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1521\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2884\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1679\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHYPERTENSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3342\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1300\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGEROSCIENCE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1470\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1572\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e660\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGING-US\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1448\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTop 10 journals by co-citation and centrality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eitations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCR partitions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpact factor (2022)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIRCULATION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOPHTHALMOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8833\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHYPERTENSION\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIRCULATION RESEARCH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5837\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePLOS ONE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5620\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4780\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4721\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eINVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY \u0026amp; VISUAL SCIENCE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4542\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.5 Analysis of cited and co-cited references\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExamining the referenced literature offers valuable insights into the fundamental concepts and background of the field. Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e lists the top ten co-cited references. The most cited study was written by Ungvari Z et al. in 2018, which summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms of VA, discusses the relationship between progeria over anti-aging circulating factors and the development of the VA phenotype, and suggests future directions for developing new interventions(Ungvari et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018a\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCluster analysis using co-citation of literature may reveal subfields that indicate major research hotspots in the field. Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eC shows the clustering of the reference network: \u0026quot;age-related macular degeneration\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;neovascular age-related macular degeneration \u0026quot;, \u0026quot;arterial stiffness\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;oxidative stress\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;cellular senescence\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;endothelial cells\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;endothelium-dependent dilation\u0026quot;. The modularity Q score is 0.7531, \u0026gt; 0.5, indicating that the network is reasonably divided into loosely coupled clusters. The weighted average profile score is 0.9248, \u0026gt; 0.5, implying acceptable homogeneity. Index terms extracted from the articles were used as cluster markers. The association of age-related macular degeneration, aging, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress with VA will become an extremely important research topic. We hypothesize that these subfields will continue to produce a lot of scholarship to better explore VA for a long time to come. Finally, the citation burst analysis was used to filter out the 20 studies that wanted the strongest citation bursts (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003eD). The timeline features red and green lines, where red indicates periods of high citation bursts and green represents periods of low citation bursts. Notably, the article written by Martin DF et al. had the highest intensity of citation bursts.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTop 10 co-cited references\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst author\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJournal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-citations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDOI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUngvari Z\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIRC RES\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311378\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSchmidt-Erfurth U\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOPHTHALMOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.08.011\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaguire MG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOPHTHALMOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.03.045\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDugel PU\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOPHTHALMOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.04.017\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSchmidt-Erfurth U\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBRIT J OPHTHALMOL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305702\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDonato AJ\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJ MOL CELL CARDIOL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312563\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHolz FG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBRIT J OPHTHALMOL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305327\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDonato AJ\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJ MOL CELL CARDIOL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrunwald JE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOPHTHALMOLOGY\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.08.015\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMitchell P\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLANCET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31550-2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.6 Keywords\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKeyword indexing facilitates the understanding of the main content of the paper, so that keyword analysis can quickly identify the hotspots and frontiers of a particular field. Through the keyword co-occurrence network, \u0026quot;aging\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;oxidative stress\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;arterial stiffness\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;hypertension\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;inflammation\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;atherosclerosis\u0026quot;, and \u0026quot;Alzheimer\u0026apos;s disease\u0026quot; were the most frequent keywords (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003eA). Keyword citation burst detection effectively highlights emerging research trends and future academic hotspots in a specific field. Among the top 10 keywords with the highest citation explosion rate in the past 10 years, \u0026quot;reactive protein\u0026quot; was the most popular among peers. In addition, \u0026quot;neovascular age-related macular degeneration\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;calcification\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;stem cells\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;endothelial cell\u0026quot; will become new research hotspots in 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4 Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Main results\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study utilizes visualization software to analyze research trends and hotspots in VA publications from 2014 to 2024. Annual publications in this field have increased over this decade, with an annual growth rate of 34.51%, and research in this field can be expected to continue to grow, with a significant increase in publications and quotations in future years. An analysis of the annual citation counts revealed that articles published closer to the data collection date received fewer average citations. This trend may be explained by the rapid increase in newer publications, while citations to these articles remain significantly lower.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe quantity and quality of published papers in a research field are key indicators for assessing the scientific research levels of countries, institutions, and authors. A thorough analysis of countries, institutions, and authors can help identify where the strongest scientific research is found. The United States produces the most research papers and has the highest citation rate. This can be explained by several factors. For example, the U.S. has the most institutions and authors, the highest number of citations, and the most cited references. Despite having the second-highest number of publications, China has fewer cited articles. This may be because, in recent years, Chinese research collaborations have occurred mainly at home, where research conditions are poor. China has recently implemented policies to enhance scientific research, suggesting that the quality and level of research in the country will improve in the future. In addition, Tarantini S from the United States is the most prolific writer, often collaborating with Csiszar A and Ungvari Z from the same organization, and his institution, the University of Oklahoma System, is the most productive. In addition, his group focuses on cerebrovascular changes in aging mice with the pathogenesis and pathophysiologic alterations of VA(Ungvari et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018b\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs researchers explore studies from multiple disciplinary areas, new pathogenic mechanisms as well as diagnostic strategies continue to advance, and this field of research establishes disciplinary boundaries and developmental directions in the process of integration. This study found that the disciplinary areas related to VA are concentrated in the areas of cardiovascular system cardiology, ophthalmology, neurology, and geriatrics, which points to a major future direction of research and development in VA. Journals are a key medium for disseminating academic literature. RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES is the leading journal with the largest number of published articles in this field, and VA-related ophthalmology research can be submitted to this journal. Furthermore, academic journals with high co-citation rankings serve as reliable reference sources for our manuscripts. The analysis indicates that the journal with the highest number of co-citations is CIRCULATION. CIRCULATION is one of the top journals in cardiovascular academia, hence the importance of VA research. Current research is focused on basic and clinical medicine, while further expansion of the field is needed to advance its development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Research hotspots in VA\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to a cluster analysis of co-citations, researchers are particularly interested in age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. Age is the strongest influence on macular degeneration, with almost all advanced macular degeneration pathology occurring in people over 60 years of age(Mitchell et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). It has been found that the onset of age-related macular degeneration may be closely related to the mechanisms of choroidal capillary senescence(Al-Zamil and Yassin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Macular degeneration mainly affects the structure and function of the macular region of the retina, which is the most nutrient-rich and oxygen-supplying area of the retina. However, with age, the microcirculatory network and vascular system in the macula gradually deteriorate and become functionally impaired, leading to an inadequate supply of nutrients and oxygen, which accelerates the development of macular degeneration(Uemura et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, degradation of vascular endothelial cell function may also accelerate the process of macular degeneration due to aging damage to the macular vasculature and increased inflammatory response(Zhao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, effective control of VA and protection of the vascular system in the macula is important for the prevention and treatment of macular degeneration. Atherosclerosis is an early pathological manifestation of VA, as well as an indicator of early vascular damage and a predictor of cardiovascular disease(Cui et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) Atherosclerosis is based on the structural changes of the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis is a characteristic feature of VA based on structural changes in the arterial wall. The characteristic impedance and forward wave amplitude of the aortic root increase in atherosclerosis, causing reflected waves to reach the heart earlier in systole, resulting in higher systolic and lower diastolic blood pressure, which in turn causes systolic hypertension and higher pulse pressure, both of which are associated with an increased expected risk of cardiovascular events(Antza et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Oliveira et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Vatner et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, improving atherosclerosis is an important strategy to delay VA. The pathogenesis of VA is complex, and oxidative stress is one of its major etiologic factors(El Assar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) Aging vessels produce excess reactive oxygen species, which impairs nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory activity and promotes the formation of harmful peroxynitrite. Similarly, excess reactive oxygen species damage vascular endothelial cells, which leads to dysfunction and promotes the development of VA(Koutsaliaris et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, amelioration of VA from the oxidative stress pathway becomes a hot topic for future mechanistic studies and drug development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom the clustering of references and keywords and the timeline analysis of citation bursts, it appears that endothelial cells have recently attracted a great deal of attention. Vascular endothelial cells are a single layer of flattened cells located on the inner surface of blood vessels, attached to the basal layer of the endothelium. In addition to serving as a protective barrier between blood and the vessel wall, it plays important physiological roles in vascular homeostasis, maintenance of blood flow, regulation of vascular tone, pro-inflammatory responses, and neovascularization(Hwang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) Senescent endothelial cells typically exhibit features such as flattened and enlarged morphology, decreased NO bioavailability, and secretion of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of VA by decreasing vessel density, increasing intima-media thickness and collagen deposition, decreasing elastin deposition, and dilating the lumen of the vasculature(Jia et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). As a result of these physiological changes, decreased arterial elasticity leads to increased vascular stiffness and enhanced vascular inflammatory response, which in turn leads to impaired angiogenesis and vascular tone, further exacerbating VA. Animal experiments have found that endothelial cell senescence can be reversed and endothelial cell function can be restored through stimulation of NO levels and lowering of blood pressure, which reduces the level of β-galactosidase in rats(Ramirez-Sanchez et al., 2018), which suggests that improving endothelial cell function is a target of action for improving VA. In addition, genomics identified 2,351 genes with differential expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in young and elderly populations, suggesting that endothelial cells are closely related to VA(Mun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e) The Current studies on VA endothelial cells are mostly limited to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and their specific molecular mechanisms need to be further explored.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5 Deficiencies","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, we utilized bibliometric software to systematically illustrate the current state of research on VA. However, this study still has some limitations. Firstly, due to the limitations of current bibliometric software, we only analyzed data from the WOS Core Collection database, which may have resulted in the omission of some data available in other databases. (e.g. Pubmed and Scopus databases). Secondly, only English-language articles and reviews were included in this study. Online publications, editorial material, conference papers, book chapters, and non-English articles were excluded. Finally, the current knowledge map of the field is provisional due to database and software updates. It will need to be updated in the future.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn summary, we examined the knowledge base, hotspots, and future trends in VA over the past decade using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, pejack, and Scimago Graphica. The United States contributed the most to this field. Mayo Clinic, RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES, and Tarantini S were the most published institutions, journals, and authors, respectively. However, the most cited institutions, journals, and authors were the University of Oklahoma System, CIRCULATION and Csiszar A. Ungvari Z authored the most frequently cited article. Age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress are the main research topics of interest in this field. In addition, based on our knowledge graph analysis, we believe that vascular endothelial cells will be the focus of future research in this field.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e：\u003c/strong\u003eThis research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.82074509), the Chinese medicine clinical research integration platform construction projec of Xiyuan Hospital (Grant No.XYZX0405-18) and the Special research project on the inheritance of experience of famous and old Chinese medicine of Xiyuan Hospital (Grant No.XYZX0101-23).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: Shi Dandan, Ning Ziqi; Methodology: Shi Dandan; Formal analysis: Shi Dandan, Zhang Yaoyao, Guo Xiaochen; Data Curation: Shi Dandan, Ning Ziqi; Visualization: Shi Dandan; Review \u0026amp; Editing: Liu Meixia; Supervision: Wei Yun; Funding acquisition: Liu Meixia, Wei Yun.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAl-Zamil, W. 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Oxidative stress and epigenetics in ocular vascular aging: an updated review. \u003cem\u003eMol Med Camb Mass\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e29\u003c/em\u003e, 28. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-023-00624-7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s10020-023-00624-7\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"vascular aging, bibliometrics, visual analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5747191/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5747191/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn recent years, vascular aging has become an important direction of aging research, but a comprehensive bibliometric analysis has not been conducted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Web of Science database was searched for articles and reviews on vascular aging from January 1, 2014, to August 20, 2024, and the literature was analyzed and knowledge maps were constructed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, pajek and Scimago Graphica software for econometric analysis and knowledge graph construction of the literature.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResult\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 38,910 authors from 7,622 institutions in 111 countries published 7,277 papers in 1,344 academic journals, with a significant increase in publication volume. The United States is the country with the highest productivity and citation rates, and Mayo Clinic is the most active institution. Tarantini S published the most papers, while Csiszar A received the most citations. RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES journal published the most papers, and CIRCULATION journal received the most citations. The main research aspects include age-related macular degeneration, arteriosclerosis, and oxidative stress, which are the main keywords in this field. In the last decade, the term c reactive protein has attracted great attention with its strongest citation explosion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the past decade, the research focus on vascular aging has been increasing year by year. Age-related macular degeneration, arteriosclerosis, and oxidative stress are the emerging research directions in this field. Vascular endothelial cells will be the focus of future research in this field.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Research trends in vascular aging in the last decade: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-13 16:30:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5747191/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4dab29d7-c753-4d1d-9a4c-2f3e3659552d","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-13T16:30:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-13 16:30:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5747191","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5747191","identity":"rs-5747191","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}